Do NowDo Now Read the following scenario and write your response:Read the following scenario and write your response:

You are a hard working music producer (or author, You are a hard working music producer (or author, director, or poet). You pay for copyright on all your director, or poet). You pay for copyright on all your material and work because you it is your life. You put material and work because you it is your life. You put blood, sweat, tears, and passion in your work. One blood, sweat, tears, and passion in your work. One day you hop online and notice your someone is day you hop online and notice your someone is passing off your work as their own!passing off your work as their own!

- On your notes packet write what you predict your - On your notes packet write what you predict your response would be and why?response would be and why?

Objective for today ^_^Objective for today ^_^

SWBAT practice and apply proper SWBAT practice and apply proper MLA citation rules to later apply MLA MLA citation rules to later apply MLA rules to essay formatting rules to essay formatting

What is MLA?What is MLA?

MLA stands for MLA stands for Modern Modern Language AssociationLanguage Association which which promulgates guidelines for promulgates guidelines for preparing student research preparing student research papers and projects and papers and projects and scholarly manuscripts in the scholarly manuscripts in the humanities. “MLA style” refers humanities. “MLA style” refers to a system of citing research to a system of citing research sources.sources.

Why Document SourcesWhy Document Sourcesin MLA Format?in MLA Format?

To give credit where credit is due: To give credit where credit is due: avoid avoid plagiarismplagiarism

To establish To establish your credibility your credibility as a careful as a careful scholar within the fieldscholar within the field

To ensure consistency within the discipline: To ensure consistency within the discipline: readers know what to expectreaders know what to expect

To give readers access to the sources you To give readers access to the sources you citecite

Formal MLA FormatFormal MLA Format

Header

Identification

Title

1”

1”

HeaderHeader Insert a header with your last Insert a header with your last

name and the page numbername and the page number1.1. Select INSERT tabSelect INSERT tab

2.2. Select PAGE NUMBERSelect PAGE NUMBER

3.3. Select TOP OF PAGE – Plain number 3Select TOP OF PAGE – Plain number 3

4.4. Type your last name onlyType your last name only

identificationidentification Create the headingCreate the heading

1.1. Type your full nameType your full name

2.2. Type your teacher’s nameType your teacher’s name

3.3. Type the name of the class – no Type the name of the class – no abbreviations!abbreviations!

4.4. Type the due dateType the due date

Lets practice :DLets practice :D Pretend your whiteboard is a Microsoft Word document. Set Pretend your whiteboard is a Microsoft Word document. Set

up your document with proper MLA format using your notes up your document with proper MLA format using your notes for an essay on Death penaltyfor an essay on Death penalty

Don’t forget:Don’t forget:

- label margins - label margins

- your identification order- your identification order

- your header - your header

- a creative title- a creative title

When completed check with your partner next to you When completed check with your partner next to you and then raise your whiteboard for me to read and then raise your whiteboard for me to read

Quotation vs. ParaphraseQuotation vs. Paraphrase

Direct copy of the Direct copy of the texttext

Word-for-word Word-for-word restatementrestatement

Uses quotation Uses quotation marksmarks

Uses parenthetical Uses parenthetical citationcitation

Summary Summary restatement of the restatement of the texttext

SIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANT changes to syntax changes to syntax and dictionand diction

No quotation No quotation marksmarks

Uses parenthetical Uses parenthetical citationcitation

SyntaxSyntax DictionDiction

StructureStructure Of the sentenceOf the sentence Of the clausesOf the clauses Of the phrasesOf the phrases

Word choiceWord choice

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES means there should be few – but preferably no – repetitions of words or structure

When Should I Cite?When Should I Cite?

Many students plagiarize Many students plagiarize unintentionally. Remember, unintentionally. Remember, whenever you whenever you summarizesummarize, , paraphraseparaphrase or or quotequote another another author's material you must author's material you must properly credit your source.properly credit your source.

If you are using another person’s If you are using another person’s idea, you must also cite your idea, you must also cite your source!source!

My mother always said, “Make your bed” (Mom 12).

When in doubt, give credit to your source!

How Do I Cite?How Do I Cite?

There are There are two partstwo parts to citing according to MLA style: to citing according to MLA style:

1.1. BriefBrief In-text citations In-text citations (in parentheses)(in parentheses) within the body of your within the body of your essay or paper essay or paper

2. List of full citations in the 2. List of full citations in the Works CitedWorks Cited page at the end of your page at the end of your paperpaper

Note:Note: References cited in the text must appear in the Works References cited in the text must appear in the Works Cited. Cited. Conversely, each entry in the Works Cited mustConversely, each entry in the Works Cited must be cited be cited in in the text. the text.

MLA provides these MLA provides these guidelines for citations:guidelines for citations:

In-textIn-text::““References in the text must clearly point to References in the text must clearly point to

specific sources in the list of works cited” specific sources in the list of works cited” (Gibaldi 214).(Gibaldi 214).

Works CitedWorks Cited::““Identify the location of the borrowed Identify the location of the borrowed

information as specifically as possible” information as specifically as possible” (Gibaldi 215). (Gibaldi 215).

In-Text CitationsIn-Text Citations

Place the parenthetical reference at the end of Place the parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence before the punctuation mark. the sentence before the punctuation mark. The average world temperature is rising at The average world temperature is rising at

an alarming rate of 200 degrees Celsius an alarming rate of 200 degrees Celsius per year (Polar 188).per year (Polar 188).

You must provide information that will You must provide information that will allow the reader to locate exactly where allow the reader to locate exactly where you found information in your sources. you found information in your sources. Usually this is the author's last name and Usually this is the author's last name and a page number, for example: a page number, for example: (Polar 188)(Polar 188)

In-Text Citations, ContinuedIn-Text Citations, ContinuedIf you use an author's name in a sentence (known as a If you use an author's name in a sentence (known as a

“signal phrase”), do not use it again in the parenthetical “signal phrase”), do not use it again in the parenthetical citation. Simply give the page numbers:citation. Simply give the page numbers: Polar argues that global warming will help heat our Polar argues that global warming will help heat our

jacuzzis (122).jacuzzis (122).

If there is no known author, use the title and page number in If there is no known author, use the title and page number in your citation:your citation: A single car trip from Los Angeles to San Francisco A single car trip from Los Angeles to San Francisco

produces more pollution than a tree does in its entire produces more pollution than a tree does in its entire lifetime (lifetime (Save My GreenhouseSave My Greenhouse 47). 47).

Other Citation Possibilities – Other Citation Possibilities – label arrows on noteslabel arrows on notes

More than one page:More than one page:

Smith states some interesting facts about the changing world Smith states some interesting facts about the changing world temperature (123-25).temperature (123-25).

Citing two (page) locations from your source:Citing two (page) locations from your source:

Jones alludes to this premise (136-39, 145).Jones alludes to this premise (136-39, 145).

Two works cited:Two works cited:

(Taylor 54; Thomas 327)(Taylor 54; Thomas 327)

When you cite more than one work by the same author in When you cite more than one work by the same author in your paper, indicate which work in your parenthetical your paper, indicate which work in your parenthetical citation:citation:

Everyone hates global warming (Smith, Everyone hates global warming (Smith, Our EnvironmentOur Environment 87). 87).

When possible, give only the last two digits for the second number

Author Comma Title Page Number

Cite as you normally would andseparate citations with a semicolon

In-Text Citations-In-Text Citations-Electronic SourcesElectronic Sources

If possible, electronic and online sources are cited just like If possible, electronic and online sources are cited just like print resources in parenthetical references.print resources in parenthetical references.

Often electronic resources will not have page numbers. In Often electronic resources will not have page numbers. In these cases omit numbers from the parenthetical these cases omit numbers from the parenthetical reference:reference:

(Smith) (Smith) – the author’s last name– the author’s last name

(“Bovine Flatulence A Major Source of Greenhouse (“Bovine Flatulence A Major Source of Greenhouse Gases”) Gases”) – if no author– if no author

Works Cited PageWorks Cited Page

The Works Cited Page appears at the end of The Works Cited Page appears at the end of your paper on its own page.your paper on its own page.

Everything you referenced in your text must Everything you referenced in your text must be listed in your Works Cited page. be listed in your Works Cited page. Conversely, everything you list in the Works Conversely, everything you list in the Works Cited page must be cited in your essay. Cited page must be cited in your essay.

The Works Cited page provides the The Works Cited page provides the information needed for a reader to find and information needed for a reader to find and retrieve any source used in your paper.retrieve any source used in your paper.

Sample Works Cited PageSample Works Cited Page*Sources are listed alphabetically

Indent all lines after the first ½ inch foreach work listed

*The entire Works Cited page is double-spaced

Title “Works Cited” is centered at the top of the page

Be sure that each citation has a

format descriptor (properly placed

within the citation); e.g.,

Web, Print, Film

All citations end in a period (.)

Most Citations Will Include:Most Citations Will Include:

AuthorAuthor TitleTitle Publication informationPublication information Format descriptorFormat descriptor

Gore, Albert. Gore, Albert. An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global

WarmingWarming. New York: Viking, 2007. Print.. New York: Viking, 2007. Print.

Period

Italicized TitleLast Name, First Period

City Colon Publisher Comma

Year

Period

For a book, most of this information can be found on the title page and Its counter part.

Format descriptor

Period

General Tips:General Tips:Print ResourcesPrint Resources

Book titles are italicized: Book titles are italicized: An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global WarmingAn Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global Warming

Article titles and titles of chapters, essays and short stories appear in Article titles and titles of chapters, essays and short stories appear in quotes: quotes:

"The Scientific Case for Modern Anthropogenic "The Scientific Case for Modern Anthropogenic Global Global Warming."Warming."

If more than one author is given, list first author’s “Last Name, First.” If more than one author is given, list first author’s “Last Name, First.” The second or third authors should be listed “First Name Last The second or third authors should be listed “First Name Last Name” with “and” connecting the last name:Name” with “and” connecting the last name:

Singer, Fred S., Christopher Hogwood, and Dennis T. Avery.Singer, Fred S., Christopher Hogwood, and Dennis T. Avery.

BooksBooks What Should Be Included? What Should Be Included?

Author(s) or Editor(s). Author(s) or Editor(s).

Complete title. Complete title.

Edition (if indicated).Edition (if indicated).

Place of publication: Place of publication:

Publisher,Publisher,

Date of publication.Date of publication.

Format descriptor.Format descriptor.

Gore, Albert.Gore, Albert. An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis

of Global Warmingof Global Warming. .

New YorkNew York

Viking Viking

2007.2007.

Print.Print.

If several cities are listed, giveonly the first

Book ExamplesBook Examples

With one author:With one author:

Gore, Albert. Gore, Albert. An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global WarmingAn Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global Warming. .

New York: Viking, 2007. Print.New York: Viking, 2007. Print.

With two to three authors:With two to three authors:

Singer, S. Fred and Dennis T. Avery. Singer, S. Fred and Dennis T. Avery. Unstoppable Global Warming: Unstoppable Global Warming:

Every 1,500 YearsEvery 1,500 Years. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. Print.Print.

List the first author Last Name, First, but the second First Name then Last.

Italicize title of bookUse a colon between the main title and the subtitle

Remember to indent the second line ½ inch

or at least 5 spaces

Books, ContinuedBooks, Continued

Editors as authors:Editors as authors:

Schmandt, Jurgen and Judith Clarkson, eds. Schmandt, Jurgen and Judith Clarkson, eds. The Regions and Global The Regions and Global

Warming: Impacts and Response StrategiesWarming: Impacts and Response Strategies. New York: Oxford University . New York: Oxford University

Press, 1992.Press, 1992. Print.Print.

Book by a corporate author: Book by a corporate author:

National Research Council. National Research Council. China and Global Change: Opportunities for China and Global Change: Opportunities for

CollaborationCollaboration. Washington: Natl. Acad., 1992. Print.. Washington: Natl. Acad., 1992. Print.

For books with editors, list the editor’(s) name(s) followed by “eds.”

Cite a book by corporate author

Two or More Sources by the Two or More Sources by the Same Author:Same Author:

Firor, John. Firor, John. The Changing Atmosphere: A Global ChallengeThe Changing Atmosphere: A Global Challenge. .

New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. Print.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. Print.

---. ---. The Crowded Greenhouse: Population, Climate change, The Crowded Greenhouse: Population, Climate change,

and Creating a Sustainable Worldand Creating a Sustainable World. New Haven, CT: Yale . New Haven, CT: Yale

University Press, 2002. Print.University Press, 2002. Print.

For the second listing by the same author, typethree hyphens and a period in place of the name.

Periodical ArticlesPeriodical ArticlesWhat Should Be Included?What Should Be Included?

Author(s).Author(s).Article title in quotes.Article title in quotes.Periodical title (journal, Periodical title (journal,

magazine, etc.) magazine, etc.) italicized.italicized.

Volume #.Issue #Volume #.Issue #Publication date Publication date

(abbreviate months, if (abbreviate months, if used):used):

Page numbers of the Page numbers of the article.article.

Format descriptor.Format descriptor.

Depends on the type of Depends on the type of periodical: Newspaper, periodical: Newspaper, Magazine, or JournalMagazine, or Journal

But they generally require But they generally require this informationthis information

What Should Be Included?What Should Be Included? Journal Articles Journal Articles

Author(s).Author(s).Article Title in QuotesArticle Title in QuotesPeriodical Title (journal, Periodical Title (journal,

magazine, etc.) magazine, etc.) Italicized.Italicized.

Volume #.Issue #Volume #.Issue #Publication Date Publication Date

(abbreviate months, if (abbreviate months, if used):used):

Page Numbers of the Page Numbers of the Article.Article.

Format.Format.

Farley, John W. Farley, John W.

"The Scientific Case for Modern "The Scientific Case for Modern Anthropogenic Global Warming." Anthropogenic Global Warming." 

Monthly ReviewMonthly Review

60.3 60.3 

(2008):(2008):

68-90.68-90.

Print.Print.

ArticlesArticlesJournal:Journal:

Farley, John W. "The Scientific Case for Modern Anthropogenic Global Warming." Farley, John W. "The Scientific Case for Modern Anthropogenic Global Warming." Monthly ReviewMonthly Review

6060.3 (2008): 68-90. Print.3 (2008): 68-90. Print.

Magazine:Magazine:

Manthorpe, Catherine. "Feminists Look at Science." Manthorpe, Catherine. "Feminists Look at Science." New ScientistNew Scientist 7 Mar. 1985: 29-31. Print. 7 Mar. 1985: 29-31. Print.

Newspaper:Newspaper:

Tilgham, Shirley M. "Science vs. Women--A Radical Solution." Tilgham, Shirley M. "Science vs. Women--A Radical Solution." New York TimesNew York Times 26 Jan. 1993, late ed.: 26 Jan. 1993, late ed.:

F1+. Print.F1+. Print.

Article title in quotes

Italicize the name of the journal, magazine or newspaperVolume 60 Issue 3

If available give complete date: day, month and year

If a newspaper article continues on another page, write only the first page number and a plus sign

General Tips General Tips Electronic ResourcesElectronic Resources

Dates: It is very important that you always include Dates: It is very important that you always include the date you accessed the electronic or online the date you accessed the electronic or online source. source. You should also include the date the You should also include the date the source was publishedsource was published or or last updatedlast updated..

Database: Indicate the name of the database, Database: Indicate the name of the database, like ProQuest or LexisNexis, italics. like ProQuest or LexisNexis, italics.

Format descriptor: Indicate that it’s a web source Format descriptor: Indicate that it’s a web source with the word, Web.with the word, Web.

Internet SourcesInternet Sources What Should Be Included? What Should Be Included?

Author(s), if available:Author(s), if available:Title of the document.Title of the document.Title of scholarly project, Title of scholarly project,

database, periodical, or database, periodical, or websitewebsite..

Date electronic publication Date electronic publication was last updated.was last updated.

Name of the organization Name of the organization sponsoring or associated sponsoring or associated with the site.with the site.

Format descriptor.Format descriptor.Date when you accessed Date when you accessed

the source.the source.

““Global Warming.” Global Warming.”

Stanford Solar CenterStanford Solar Center..

2008. 2008.

Stanford University. Stanford University.

Web.Web.

4 Apr. 20104 Apr. 2010

WebsitesWebsites

Climate ChangeClimate Change. 24 Jul 2008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. . 24 Jul 2008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Web. 4 Apr. 2010.Web. 4 Apr. 2010.

““Global Warming.” Global Warming.” Stanford Solar CenterStanford Solar Center. 2008. Stanford University. . 2008. Stanford University.

Web. 4 Apr. 2010.Web. 4 Apr. 2010.

Date accessedAbbreviate the month

Date source was last updated

Electronic ArticlesElectronic Articles

Journal:Journal:

Laurance, William F. "Can Carbon Trading Save Laurance, William F. "Can Carbon Trading Save

Vanishing Forests?" Vanishing Forests?" BioscienceBioscience 58.4 (2008): 286- 58.4 (2008): 286-

87. 87. ProQuestProQuest. Web. 4 Apr. 2010.. Web. 4 Apr. 2010.

Database, italicizedAccess date

Volume #.Issue# (Year of publication)

Electronic Articles, ContinuedElectronic Articles, Continued

Newspaper:Newspaper:

Ball, Jeffrey N. “Warming Program Draws Fire; Fund Designed to Spur Ball, Jeffrey N. “Warming Program Draws Fire; Fund Designed to Spur

Renewable Energy Subsidizes Gas Plants." Renewable Energy Subsidizes Gas Plants." Wall Street JournalWall Street Journal   

[New York, N.Y.] 11  Jul 2008, Eastern edition: A.1. [New York, N.Y.] 11  Jul 2008, Eastern edition: A.1. WebWeb. 4 Apr. . 4 Apr.

2010.2010.

Date of access

Format descriptorDate article was published

Place of publication is in brackets when it is not explicitly indicated in the publication itself

Media Sources

Multimedia sources can also be used and cited

Media sources (examples):

•TV & radio broadcasts

•Films & video recordings

•Sound recordings

Format descriptors:

•Television; Radio

•Film; DVD; Video Recording

•CD; Sound Recording

Media Sources What Should Be Included?What Should Be Included?

““Title of The Episode.”Title of The Episode.” Title of program or Title of program or

seriesseries.. Name(s) of director(s), Name(s) of director(s),

performer(s), narrator(s)performer(s), narrator(s) Name of Network.Name of Network. Call Letters and City of Call Letters and City of

Station.Station. DD MMM. YYYY.DD MMM. YYYY. Format descriptorFormat descriptor

“The Yada Yada”

Seinfeld

Perf. Elaine Benes, George Constanza, Cosmo Kramer, and Jerry Seinfeld

National Broadcasting Corp.

KNBC, Los Angeles

24 Apr. 1997

Television.

Works Cited

Badu, Eryka. “Rimshot.” Eryka Badu Live. Universal Records. 1997. CD.

The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Dir. Niels Arden Oplev. Perf. Noomi Rapace and Michael Nyquist. Music Box. 2009. Film.

Joyce, James. Ulysses. Perf. Jim Norton and Marcella Riordan. Naxos Audiobooks. 2004. CD.

“The Yada Yada.” Seinfeld. Perf. Elaine Benes, George Constanza, Cosmo Kramer, and Jerry Seinfeld. National Broadcasting Corp. KNBC, Los Angeles, 24 Apr. 1997. Television.

Gibaldi, Joseph. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research MLA Handbook for Writers of Research PapersPapers. . 7th ed. New York: Modern Language Association 7th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of of America, 2009.America, 2009. Print. Print.

Trimmer, Joseph F. Trimmer, Joseph F. A Guide to MLA Documentation: with an A Guide to MLA Documentation: with an Appendix to APA StyleAppendix to APA Style. 8. 8thth ed. Boston: ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2010. Wadsworth, 2010. Print.Print.

Excellent resource for the future: Excellent resource for the future: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/

Works Cited

Exit SlipExit Slip

2 things you learned today2 things you learned today 1 question you still have1 question you still have 1 way that knowing and practicing 1 way that knowing and practicing

MLA will help you a student now or in MLA will help you a student now or in the future.the future.