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Do Now1. Turn in Alien Invasion (staple sheets together)2. Get out Protein Synthesis HW3. Explain the difference between transcription and
translation. (Hint: Think about what is made)4. Explain difference between codon and anticodon.5. What is the protein for the DNA strand below?
TAATACAGGTTGCGTACT
What is the protein for the DNA strand below?
TAATACAGGTTGCGTACT
AUUAUGUCCAACGCAUGA
MET SER ASN ALA STOP
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
DNA
RNA
Protein Synthesis ReviewVideo
MutationsMutations
What is a mutation?
Change in the DNA nitrogen base
sequence of a gene
How do Mutations Occur?
Errors in DNA Replication
Replication
How do Mutations Occur?
Damaged DNA caused by
agents such as sunlight, smoke,
radiation
How do we get mutations????
Two ways to classify mutations
Acquired mutation
Get a mutation at some point in life.
Hint: Think of it like getting sick, but you
can’t get rid of it.
Two ways to classify mutations
Inherited mutation
Get a mutation from your
parents
Let’s practice protein synthesis with normal DNA
DNA: TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT
mRNA: AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA
Amino acid: Met Leu Gln Trp STOP
Category of Mutation: Point/Substitution
Change in one base of the DNA sequence which can cause a change in amino acid.
Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat
Point mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat
Type of Mutations: Point/SubstitutionChange in one base of the DNA sequence
which causes a change in amino acid.
Mutated Example of a point/substitution mutation
DNA: TAC AAG GTC ACC ATT
mRNA: AUG UUC CAG UGG UAA
Amino acid: Met Phe Gln Trp STOP
Example of Point Mutation: Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia: Point Mutation
Sickle Cell Anemia Story(Beginning to 3:00)
Category of Mutation: Frameshift Addition or deletion of a DNA base resulting
in a different sequence of DNA.
Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat
Frameshift mutation: The fat ata tet hew eer at
Example of Frameshift Mutation: Tay Sachs
Tay Sachs Disease: Frameshift Mutation
Type of Mutations: AdditionAddition of one or more bases into a DNA
sequence
Mutated Example of Insertion
DNA: TAC AAC CGT CAC CAT T
mRNA: AUG UUG GCA GUG GUA A
Amino acid: Met Leu Gly Val Val
Type of Mutations: DeletionThe removal of one or more bases in DNA
Mutated Example of Deletion
DNA: TAC AAC GCA CCA TT
mRNA: AUG UUG CGU GGU AA
Amino acid: Met Leu Arg Gly
Blame it on DNA: Review Song
How does an organism grow?
Through the process of the cell cycle
What are the Limits to Cell Size?1. The efficiency of Cell Transport; substances
need to reach the central part of the cell; if have a great distance to travel, they won’t get there.
Cell
Organelle = Oxygen =
What are the limits to Cell Size?2. DNA overload; DNA controls everything that occurs in a cell; cell gets too big, its too hard to control everything
I can’t keep up!!!!
Cell Division occurs when these two limits have been reached.
Problems with Cell Division: Cancer
What is Cancer?
-Diseased Mitosis-Disease caused by the uncontrolled
division of abnormal cells
What are abnormal cells?Cells that do not die when they should and
form new cells when the body does not need them.
WHY?Abnormal cells are caused by:•Genetics•Lifestyle-tobacco, diet, etc•Environmental: Radiation/Chemicals
WHY?These “things” cause a change or mutation in
the cells DNA; making it abnormal
*How?The cancer cells
divide continuously;
which creates a tumor (mass of
cells)
TreatmentSurgery is done to remove tumors or as
much of the cancerous tissue as possible.
Treatment
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer
treatment that uses of drugs to
eliminate cancer cells. It works by targeting rapidly
multiplying cancer cells.
TreatmentRadiation therapy uses certain types of energy
to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. It works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA,
making it unable to multiply.
