Do Now: 1.27.04 Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Final Notes of French Rev. Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Final Notes of French Rev. Notes Title: The Phases of the French

Do Now: 1.27.04Do Now: 1.27.04

Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Final Notes of Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Final Notes of French Rev.French Rev.

Notes Title: The Phases of the French Notes Title: The Phases of the French RevolutionRevolution

Examination on Thursday: the French Examination on Thursday: the French Revolution and NapoleonRevolution and Napoleon

The French Revolution; The French Revolution; Quiz #2Quiz #2

Define, Identify or Explain the Define, Identify or Explain the Following:Following:

The National Constituent The National Constituent AssemblyAssembly

The Great FearThe Great Fear The Sans CulottesThe Sans Culottes The Continental SystemThe Continental System The Napoleonic CodeThe Napoleonic Code

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

Where were we?Where were we? Oh yes, revolution.Oh yes, revolution. Revolution is ChangeRevolution is Change What has happened in France from What has happened in France from

1789 to 1795, before Napoleon “bum 1789 to 1795, before Napoleon “bum rushes” the National Directory ?rushes” the National Directory ?

Let’s back track…Let’s back track…


1789 was a big year…1789 was a big year… National Constituent Assembly National Constituent Assembly

breaks from the Estates generalbreaks from the Estates general The Declaration of the Rights of ManThe Declaration of the Rights of Man

Free SpeechFree Speech Free PressFree Press Freedom of AssemblyFreedom of Assembly Free from unlawful imprisonmentFree from unlawful imprisonment


By the end of 1789, we have the King and By the end of 1789, we have the King and queen virtual prisoners in Paris, queen virtual prisoners in Paris,

The National Constituent Assembly is The National Constituent Assembly is making moves, trying to establish a making moves, trying to establish a Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy

The assembly will try and decentralize The assembly will try and decentralize power and place power in local power and place power in local governments.governments.

This is a great idea, but a real problem to This is a great idea, but a real problem to make happen. What is next? make happen. What is next?


Big moves in 1790:Big moves in 1790: Civil Constitution of the ClergyCivil Constitution of the Clergy

Makes the Catholic Church (clergy) Makes the Catholic Church (clergy) essentially a department/employees of essentially a department/employees of the statethe state

It is a way for the Assembly to get back at It is a way for the Assembly to get back at the church for years of favoritismthe church for years of favoritism

But, it backfires because most But, it backfires because most Frenchmen are believers, and fear this Frenchmen are believers, and fear this kind of change kind of change


1790 continued…1790 continued… The Assembly breaks up the local The Assembly breaks up the local

provinces, and takes further power provinces, and takes further power away from the monarchyaway from the monarchy

A good idea, but it makes collecting A good idea, but it makes collecting taxes even more difficulttaxes even more difficult

No matter what your ideas, if your No matter what your ideas, if your new government has less money, new government has less money, change will be harder to implement.change will be harder to implement.

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution 1791.We are about two years deep in the 1791.We are about two years deep in the

revolution, and change is still in the air. revolution, and change is still in the air. However, this change is not always what However, this change is not always what you think, being good for the “people”you think, being good for the “people”

Chaplier Law is passed by the AssemblyChaplier Law is passed by the Assembly This forbids any workers unions from formingThis forbids any workers unions from forming They fear the urban worker organizingThey fear the urban worker organizing It shows that even the Revolutionaries are It shows that even the Revolutionaries are

still elitist: They don not believe in the “little still elitist: They don not believe in the “little guy”guy”


Less than a week after the Chaplier Less than a week after the Chaplier Law is passed, Louis XVI and his wife Law is passed, Louis XVI and his wife are caught trying to flee the countryare caught trying to flee the country

That does not reflect a spirit of That does not reflect a spirit of cooperation from the monarch.cooperation from the monarch.

It is at this point that his goose is It is at this point that his goose is really “cooked”really “cooked”

It also gives the Assembly a chance to It also gives the Assembly a chance to force a constitution on the King, and force a constitution on the King, and he gladly signs.he gladly signs.

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution Constitution of 1791: the King agrees to:Constitution of 1791: the King agrees to:

A limited Monarchy and a Legislative A limited Monarchy and a Legislative assemblyassembly

All judges are to be electedAll judges are to be elected But, notice what happens for But, notice what happens for voting voting

rightsrights…… Only those who have paid taxes = to three Only those who have paid taxes = to three

days pay for an average laborer can votedays pay for an average laborer can vote Essentially, voting is restricted to the wealthyEssentially, voting is restricted to the wealthy This supports the fact that it is a revolution of This supports the fact that it is a revolution of

the rich against the the rich against the veryvery rich rich


Lets review for a moment Lets review for a moment about the strengths and about the strengths and weaknesses of the National weaknesses of the National Constituent Assembly Constituent Assembly

*Used to be the Third *Used to be the Third EstateEstate


StrengthsStrengths Declaration of the Declaration of the

Rights of ManRights of Man Abolish the Old Abolish the Old

RegimeRegime Limited MonarchyLimited Monarchy Decentralizes Decentralizes

PowerPower Curbs the Power of Curbs the Power of

the Churchthe Church

WeaknessesWeaknesses No Universal No Universal

Suffrage (voting)Suffrage (voting) Rising InflationRising Inflation Mobs are Mobs are

uncheckedunchecked Slavery not Slavery not

abolished in abolished in coloniescolonies


Don’t forget that outside of France, Don’t forget that outside of France, there is a great deal of pressure there is a great deal of pressure from other European Monarchsfrom other European Monarchs

Why???Why??? They do not want the ideas of They do not want the ideas of

revolution working their way to their revolution working their way to their areas:areas:AustriaAustria Prussia Prussia Russia Russia

EnglandEngland


1792 will be a year of greater change!1792 will be a year of greater change! Big hits and misses:Big hits and misses: France is threatened that Paris will France is threatened that Paris will

“Burn to the Ground” if the King and “Burn to the Ground” if the King and his family are hurthis family are hurt

There is also a split within the There is also a split within the Assembly (the Jacobins) They will fight Assembly (the Jacobins) They will fight over what type of government they over what type of government they want.want.


Conservative Conservative Jacobins Jacobins (Girondists)(Girondists)

Want to keep a Want to keep a Monarchy that Monarchy that answers to a answers to a Legislative Legislative AssemblyAssembly

Radical Jacobins Radical Jacobins (The Mountain)(The Mountain)

Want to establish a Want to establish a republic, and that republic, and that means the King means the King Must go!Must go!


Either way, this means that the Either way, this means that the Revolution is beginning to break Revolution is beginning to break apart, and will begin to consume apart, and will begin to consume itself. itself.

By Late 1792, the Constitutional By Late 1792, the Constitutional Monarchy is overMonarchy is over

Louis and his wife are prisonersLouis and his wife are prisoners In September, the people take to the In September, the people take to the

streets and thousands are killed,many streets and thousands are killed,many of them priests and aristocrats. of them priests and aristocrats.


The Assembly is now called the The Assembly is now called the National Convention, and their National Convention, and their slogan is:slogan is: LibertyLiberty EqualityEquality FraternityFraternity

Yet, when we see the Reign of Terror, we Yet, when we see the Reign of Terror, we will see the same types of repression will see the same types of repression used under any King used under any King


The radicals are worried about The radicals are worried about France being invaded by England, France being invaded by England, among other countriesamong other countries

They will use that to pass the law They will use that to pass the law called the “called the “levee en masslevee en mass” – which is ” – which is the first real way to draft people into the first real way to draft people into the militarythe military

It gives France a huge Army, and It gives France a huge Army, and also promotes a sense of nationalismalso promotes a sense of nationalism

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution The Radicals, lead by Maximilien The Radicals, lead by Maximilien

Robespierre, set up a committee of Robespierre, set up a committee of public safety, which is to protect the public safety, which is to protect the people and keep orderpeople and keep order

The Committee uses its power to oust The Committee uses its power to oust the Conservatives from the the Conservatives from the Revolutionary government, and it also Revolutionary government, and it also begins to execute the enemies of the begins to execute the enemies of the Republic.Republic.

This period of time is known as the This period of time is known as the Reign of TerrorReign of Terror


The Reign of terror lasts from Mid-The Reign of terror lasts from Mid-1793 to mid 17941793 to mid 1794

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are its first victimsits first victims

Both King and Queen are lead to the Both King and Queen are lead to the guillotine in November of 1793guillotine in November of 1793

Soon afterward, the Reign of terror Soon afterward, the Reign of terror would get out of control, and begin would get out of control, and begin turning on itself. turning on itself.

Do Now: 1.30.03Do Now: 1.30.03

Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Hand in Hmwk #3.Hand in Hmwk #3. Notes Title: Napoleonic EuropeNotes Title: Napoleonic Europe Homework #4.Pages 508-520 for Homework #4.Pages 508-520 for

Tuesday 1/3 2/3 notes.Tuesday 1/3 2/3 notes. Quiz #1. Study notes for 5 minutes.Quiz #1. Study notes for 5 minutes.


They would use the Guillotine as their method They would use the Guillotine as their method of execution, and by the end of the Reign of of execution, and by the end of the Reign of terror, roughly 25,000 people would meet terror, roughly 25,000 people would meet their deaths.their deaths.

Most of those who were killed were poor Most of those who were killed were poor members of the urban working class, victims members of the urban working class, victims of the Terror.of the Terror.

A number of clergy and nobility die as well, A number of clergy and nobility die as well, but it will get so out of hand that Robespierre but it will get so out of hand that Robespierre himself and he will be sent to his death after himself and he will be sent to his death after he kills many of his own associates.he kills many of his own associates.


The Reign of Terror ends with the The Reign of Terror ends with the death of Robespierre and the backlash death of Robespierre and the backlash of those who had been persecuted by of those who had been persecuted by the radicalsthe radicals

These conservatives set up a new These conservatives set up a new government to try and maintain ordergovernment to try and maintain order

The New Government is called the The New Government is called the National DirectoryNational Directory

It doesn’t have a King, but it is still It doesn’t have a King, but it is still favorable to the wealthyfavorable to the wealthy


In Africa, there is a gifted general In Africa, there is a gifted general leading France against Great Britainleading France against Great Britain

Napoleon views the chaos in France Napoleon views the chaos in France with great interest!with great interest!

As much as France does not want As much as France does not want another King, they do want better another King, they do want better control than the Directory can give control than the Directory can give them.them.

Napoleon will seek power while Napoleon will seek power while “serving” his country.“serving” his country.


With the rise of Napoleon, who will With the rise of Napoleon, who will become Emperor for life by 1802,we see become Emperor for life by 1802,we see the “death of the Revolution and the the “death of the Revolution and the beginning of a New phase in French beginning of a New phase in French history, as well as the history of Europehistory, as well as the history of Europe

Napoleon will both try and appease the Napoleon will both try and appease the Old nobility and also spread the ideals of Old nobility and also spread the ideals of the Revolution.the Revolution.

He will try an conquer all of Europe, for He will try an conquer all of Europe, for himself more so than for France.himself more so than for France.


Napoleonic France.Napoleonic France. He takes control of France in a coup de He takes control of France in a coup de

Etat: which means literally to seize the Etat: which means literally to seize the state.state.

The Directory, which became the The Directory, which became the government after the Reign of Terror government after the Reign of Terror called napoleon for help,and he took called napoleon for help,and he took advantage of the situation.advantage of the situation.

He will become beloved and popular as he He will become beloved and popular as he brings France into a new agebrings France into a new age


By 1802, Napoleon has himself By 1802, Napoleon has himself crowned Emperor for life of France.crowned Emperor for life of France.

He, or any of his family will be He, or any of his family will be assured this title, forever!assured this title, forever!

If we look at the polices of If we look at the polices of Napoleon,we can see him try and Napoleon,we can see him try and appease the “old guard” of France, appease the “old guard” of France, and also promote the ideals of the and also promote the ideals of the Revolution.Revolution.


Key moves made by Napoleon:Key moves made by Napoleon: Economics: he controlled prices Economics: he controlled prices

supported new industry and financed supported new industry and financed the building of new roads and canals.the building of new roads and canals.

Education: It was Napoleon that began Education: It was Napoleon that began the concept of public education in the concept of public education in France: taking the education monopoly France: taking the education monopoly away from the church!away from the church!


He will also establish the Napoleonic Code.He will also establish the Napoleonic Code. This was a legal and moral code that he This was a legal and moral code that he

would enforce, not just in France but into would enforce, not just in France but into other sections of Europe as he conquered other sections of Europe as he conquered themthem

It focused on ideals like religious toleration It focused on ideals like religious toleration and legal equalityand legal equality

He also attacked the kind of privilege that He also attacked the kind of privilege that allowed aristocrats advantages that allowed aristocrats advantages that commoners did not havecommoners did not have


Napoleon set his sights very high: Napoleon set his sights very high: control of all Europe!control of all Europe!

He was successful everywhere except He was successful everywhere except Britain and RussiaBritain and Russia

He established family members and He established family members and associates in power positions, replacing associates in power positions, replacing many monarchs and dynastiesmany monarchs and dynasties

This of course made him very This of course made him very unpopular.unpopular.


What leads to the fall of Napoleon?What leads to the fall of Napoleon? He creates a feeling of nationalism He creates a feeling of nationalism

wherever he goes…unfortunately, this wherever he goes…unfortunately, this nationalism is directed against himnationalism is directed against him

Though he was a great general, he Though he was a great general, he makes a gigantic mistake by trying to makes a gigantic mistake by trying to invade Russia in 1812. invade Russia in 1812.

Problems with the Russian Problems with the Russian Campaign???Campaign???


He begins the invasion in the Fall…this means He begins the invasion in the Fall…this means that he will have to fight during the Russian that he will have to fight during the Russian winterwinter

The Russian use a scorched earth policy:The Russian use a scorched earth policy: As they retreat, they burn everything: crops and As they retreat, they burn everything: crops and

farmsfarms They draw Napoleon farther and farther into RussiaThey draw Napoleon farther and farther into Russia As he is drawn farther and farther into Russia,ha As he is drawn farther and farther into Russia,ha

and his troops arte stretched too thinand his troops arte stretched too thin He eventually has to retreat as the Russian sneak He eventually has to retreat as the Russian sneak

attack and he is cut off from suppliesattack and he is cut off from supplies


Napoleon will abdicate his throne in 1814, Napoleon will abdicate his throne in 1814, and is sent into exileand is sent into exile

He escapes from exile, and returns to He escapes from exile, and returns to France for his 100 days…his last attempt France for his 100 days…his last attempt at ruling Franceat ruling France

In the mean time, England, Austria, In the mean time, England, Austria, Russian and Prussia had allied against himRussian and Prussia had allied against him

He meets his final defeat at the battle of He meets his final defeat at the battle of Waterloo in 1815, and is then banished Waterloo in 1815, and is then banished forever From Franceforever From France


How can we look the French How can we look the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Age Revolution and the Napoleonic Age in the Long View? in the Long View?

Are there lessons that can be Are there lessons that can be learned?learned?

Effects of the French Revolution…Effects of the French Revolution…


Democratic Ideals:Democratic Ideals: Liberty from absolute monarchsLiberty from absolute monarchs Social equality and justiceSocial equality and justice An end to the system of landed An end to the system of landed

aristocrats having advantages over the aristocrats having advantages over the middle classmiddle class

Nationalist sentiment, both ethnic and Nationalist sentiment, both ethnic and political rises in Europepolitical rises in Europe


Conservative BacklashConservative Backlash The big Four:The big Four:

RussiaRussia BritainBritain PrussiaPrussia Austria Austria

Will have a meeting, the Congress of Will have a meeting, the Congress of Vienna.Vienna.

The purpose of this congress will be The purpose of this congress will be to…to…


Set new political boundaries around Set new political boundaries around FranceFrance

Re-establish monarchs where they Re-establish monarchs where they had been deposed by Napoleonhad been deposed by Napoleon

Try and regain the Old Order, and Try and regain the Old Order, and fight against democratic movementsfight against democratic movements

Make sure that France will not be Make sure that France will not be able to rise against Europe in the able to rise against Europe in the near futurenear future


We are left with the struggle We are left with the struggle between the Conservative order of between the Conservative order of Europe, and the rising feelings of Europe, and the rising feelings of nationalism and liberalism.nationalism and liberalism.

Documents

Do Now: 1.27.04 Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Final Notes of French Rev. Set up Notebook 1/3 2/3 Final Notes of French Rev. Notes Title: The Phases of the French