BNG THNG N MN HCH tn :Nguyn Hng ThaoLp :52K_TVTMSSv :1151080431Tn n :Thit k ch to mch kha s in t.LnNgyNi dungNhn xt (cho php/khng cho php,thng qua t sau)Ch k GVHD

1Giao ti

2Thng qua c s l thuyt n

3Thng qua bn thuyt minh ln th nht

4Thng qua bn thuyt minh ln th haiM phng bng phn mm

5Thng qua ln cuiBn thuyt minh

6Cho im chuyn cn, gia kCCGK

Nhn xt chung : ..

Ghi ch :-iu kin sinh vin c php bo v n : phi thng qua y v c ch k ca gio vin hng dn xc nhn.- Bng ny phi c ng vo u quyn thuyt minh n.Ngh An, ngythngnm Gio vin hng dnNguyn Th Qunh Hoa

N THIT K MCH S: THIT K MCH KHA SM uTrong thi cuc sng hin nay, c mt s ngi khng mun t mnh lao ng kim tin nui sng bn thn v gia inh, thay vo h i cp bc, n trm c c tin tiu. V mt trong nhng nn nhn quen a thch ca h l sinh vin, nhng ngi cn rt tr v l nhng ngi thng xuyn ra khi phng i hc hay tham gia cc hot ng khc. Hin nay th nn trm cp ca sinh vin ang xy ra ngy mt nhiu v lm cho sinh vin hoang mang. C mt s bn b mt xe p, dng c nhn hay c laptop d ang trong phng v kha ca li.V thc trng ny din ra thng xuyn trong khu vc ng sinh vin sinh sng nn chng em ngh ra mt cch phng chng v to ra mt thit b gip cn phng bn ang c an ton hn. chnh l ch to ra mch kha s to nn mt lp bo v tt hn cho cn phng ca bn!n vi tng ny, chng em s tn dng hiu bit ca mnh v mch in v nhng ic s m chng em c hc trong chng trnh hc ti trng i hoc Vinh.Trong n ny, chng em s to ra mt mch in dng Ic 4017 v mt s linh kin khc to nn mt mch kha c mt khu theo mnh t t v dng mch kha s ny bo v cn phng ca mnh khi b mt trm.Mch in ny cho php ta nhp mt khu vo bng bn phm, nu nhp ng th mch s m kha ca, nu bn nhp sai mt s th mch s reset li, bt bn phi nhp ng th mi m kha.Em xin chn thnh cm n Tin s Nguyn Th Qunh Hoa gip em trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny. V em c gng ti u ha trong qu trnh thit k v ch to mch nhng mch in vn cha c hon ho. V vy em mong s nhn c nhng gp ca thy c gio trong khoa em c th hon chnh n ny v p dng vo thc t.

I. C s l thuyt thc hin ti lm tt n mn hc ny, chng ta phi c kin thc v mn hc in t s, hiu c cu trc v chc nng ca mt s ic, l thuyt mch cng nh mt s kin thc v cc linh kin in t nh iode, transistor, t in,Trong ti ny chng em s dng ic 4017 thc hin bi ton t ra.1.1 Gii thiu v Ic 4017Ic 4017 l loi ic m hng c 11 u ra (nhng ta ch s dng 10 u ra), ng vi xung clock th ln lt cc u ra s mc cao. V ta ng dng tnh nng ny ca ic a u ra c mc cao vo u vo xung clock theo s m ha ca bn phm. Hnh nh v ic 4017

S chn ca ic 4017

Trong : T chn 1 n chn7 v chn 9, 10, 11 l chn tn hiu raChn 12 l chn chia h 5Chn 13 l chn Enable ( ni t)Chn 14l ng vo xung clockChn 15 l chn resetChn 16 l chn ngun Chn 8 ni t Gin xung ca ic 4017

Nhn vo gin xung ta c th thy cs chuyn mc logic t chn output 0 n chn output 9. S chuyn mc c gii thch nh sau:Khi mi cp ngun cho mch, ic c reset v chn Q0 mc cao, khi nhn phm 1 th ti chn Q0 l mc thp m mc in p cao nm Q1, khi nhn nt 2 th mc cao chuyn sang Q3 v c nh th n Q7 v khi Q7 c nhn ng nt th mc cao s chuyn sang Q8. Ti Q8 ta mc mt n led m phng cho hot ng ca mch, khi n ti Q8 s sng ln v mch chy thnh cng.Ngoi ra th sao khi chuyn mc logic t output 4 sang output 5 th chn chia h 5 s chuyn mc t 1 xung 0, khi chuyn mc logic a output 9 t 1 v 0 th chn chia h 5 s chuyn mc logic t 0 v 1. Qu trnh c lp i lp li nu cung cp xung cho chn CLK ca Ic4017. Cu trc bn trong ca IC 4017

Cu trc ca IC 4017Bng trng thi

MRCP0CP1Hot ng

HXXO0=O9=H; O1to O9=L

LHm tin

LLm tin

LLXKhng thay i

LXHKhng thay i

LHKhng thay i

LLKhng thay i

Trong :H = trng thi caoL = trng thi thpX = trng thi v nh = 2. in Trin tr l linh kin th ng c tc dng cn tr c dng v p.in tr c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch in t.Cng thc tnh in tr:R =/S hoc R=U/ITrong l in tr sut ca vt liuS l thit din ca dy. l chiu di ca dy.

Hnh dng in tr thc t.3. T in T in mt chiu, hay t phn cc (Electrolytic Capacitor): Khi u ni phi ng cc m - dng. Thng trn t quy c cc m bng cch sn mt vch mu sng dc theo thn t, hoc khi t cha ct th chn di hn l cc dng. T in xoay chiu: hay t khng phn cc

T in l mt linh kin th ng cu to ca t in l hai bn cc bng kim loi ghp cch nhau mt khong d gia hai bn t l dung dch hay cht in mi cch in c in dung C. c im ca t l cho dng in xoay chiu i qua, ngn cn dng in mt chiu. Cng thc tnh in dung ca t: C = .S/d l hng s in miS l in tch b mt t m2d l b giy cht in miT in phng gm hai bn phng kim loi din tch t song song v cch nhau mt khong d. Cng in trng bn trong t c tr s

E =

= 8.86.10-12 C2/ N.m2 l hng s in mi ca chn khng.

l hng s in mi tng i ca mi trng; i vi chn khng = 1, giy tm du = 3,6, gm = 5,5; mica = 4 54. Transistor Transistor gm ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai mitip gip P-N , nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor thun , nughp theo th t NPN ta c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu toTransistor tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau

Cu to ca transistor

K hiu ca transistor

Transistor C828 Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc , lp gia gil cc gc k hiu l B ( Base ), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng tp cht thp. Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht (Emitter ) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp ( Collector )vit tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P )nhng c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v chonhau c. Trong mch in ny dng transistor NPN C828.5. Led n L Diode pht ra nh sng khi c phn cc thun , in p lm vic ca LED khong 1.7V=>2.2V dng qua LED khong 5mA=>20mA. Hnh nh v LED n thc t.Trong mch s dng 1 led n minh ha cho hot ng ca mch.6. Diode bn dn.Diode bn dn l linh kin lm vic da trn cc hiu ng vt l ca chuyn tip P-N. in cc ni vi bn dn p gi l Anode (A) v in cc ni vi bn dn n gi l Katot(K). C nhiu loi diode nh diode chnh lu, diode zener, diode tip im, diode tip mtTy theo hiu ng vt l ca chuyn tip p-n v cng ngh ch to m ngi ta thng phn loi chuyn tip p-n theo cc li khc nhau nh:Diode chnh lu d trn hiu ng chnh lu ca chuyn tip p-n, dn in theo mt chiu v hu nh khng dn in chiu ngc li.Diode n p ( cn gi l diode zener) da trn hiu ng nh thng zener ca chuyn tip p-n khi thay i in p ngc t vo n.Diode bin dung cn gi l diode Varicap da trn hiu ng bin dung ca chuyn tip p-n khi thay i in p ngc t vo n.Theo cng ngh ch to ta c diode tip im, diode tip mt, diode hp kim,.Trong n ny em s dng diode chnh lu Tip gip P N v Cu to ca Diode bn dn.Khi c c hai cht bn dn l P v N , nu ghp hai cht bn dn theo mt tip gip P N ta c mt Diode, tip gip P -N c c im : Ti b mt tip xc, cc in t d tha trong bn dn N khuych tn sang vng bn dn P lp vo cc l trng => to thnh mt lp Ion trung ho v in => lp Ion ny to thnh min cch in gia hai cht bn dn.

Mi tip xc P N => Cu to ca Diode .* hnh trnl mi tip xc P N v cng chnh l cu to ca Diode bn dn.

K hiu v hnh dng ca Diode bn dn. Phn cc thun cho Diode.Khi ta cp in p dng (+) vo Ant ( vng bn dn P ) v in p m (-) vo Katt ( vng bn dn N ) , khi di tc dng tng tc ca in p, min cch in thu hp li, khi in p chnh lch gi hai cc t 0,6V ( vi Diode loi Si ) hoc 0,2V ( vi Diode loi Ge ) th din tch min cch in gim bng khng => Diode bt u dn in. Nu tip tc tng in p ngun th dng qua Diode tng nhanh nhng chnh lch in p gia hai cc ca Diode khng tng (vn gi mc 0,6V )

Diode (Si) phn cc thun Khi Dode dnin p thun c gim mc 0,6V

ng c tuyn ca in p thun qua Diode Phn cc ngc cho Diode.Khi phn cc ngc cho Diode tc l cp ngun (+) vo Katt (bn dn N), ngun (-) vo Ant (bn dn P), di s tng tc ca in p ngc, min cch in cng rng ra v ngn cn dng in i qua mi tip gip, Diode c th chiu c in p ngc rt ln khong 1000V th diode mi b nh thng.

Diode ch b chy khi p phn cc ngc tng > = 1000V* Kt lun :Khi Diode (loi Si) c phn cc thun, nu in p phn cc thun < 0,6V th cha c dng i qua Diode, Nu p phn cc thun t = 0,6V th c dng i qua Diode sau dng in qua Diode tng nhanh nhng st p thun vn gi gi tr 0,6V

7. IC 7805Trong hu ht cc mch logic th ngun nui thng c duy tr mc +5V. Thng th ngun nui s c cung cp bi pin hay c quy v chng cho ra in p kh n nh. Nhng trn th trng hin nay khng c ngun pin 5v hay c quy 5v, vy nn khi pin hay c quy yu i th mch s hot ng khng n nh. gii quyt vn ny, ta ch to khi ngun dng ic 7805 to ra in p lun n nh mc 5V.

S mch n p dng IC n p 7805 u ra ca IC ta mc thm mt t in C c in dung bng 0,1 F lm mt dng xoay chiu ti Ur.II. Thit k mch kha s in t2.1. Mch nguyn l S nguyn l ca mch kha s in tNguyn l hot ng: Khi c cp ngun th IC 4017 c reset v ng ra Q1 mc in p cao, khi ta bm phm 1 tc l to xung clock i qua chn 14 ca IC, khi th chn Q2 ca IC c a v mc in p cao, ta tip tc nhp cc phm ca mt khu th khi nhp xong mt khu, n s sng ln ng ngha vi vic mch hot ng tt. Khi ta nhp sai mt khu th sao? Khi s c mt in p chy t ngun in vo i qua chn B ca transistor NPN lm cho transistor phn cc thun v in p ti chn E c a ln chn reset ca IC reset IC li trang thi ban u. Vic to ra mch reset ny nhm mc ch to s an ton cho mch in ca bn trnh trng hp nhn phm lung tung m vn m c kha ca mch. S khi

Thit k c th cho tng khi. Khi ngunKhi ngun dng ic 7805 to ra in p lun n nh mc 5V.T in c mc li ra ca IC 7805 nhm mc ch lm mt dng xoay chiu ca in p li ra.Nhng trong mch in ny em s dng in p vo 1 chiu nn khng cn mc thm t in

S mch n p dng IC n p 7805.

Mch n p 7805 c mc trong mch. Khi bn phmKhi bn phm bm dng nhp mt m m kha to ra cc chuyn mc logic ln khi iu khin.Khi bn phm cn c tc dng nh l xung clock. Khi ta nhn phm th s c in p chy qua v i ln chn 14 ca IC 4017 lm cho IC dch chuyn mc in p sang chn tip theo ca IC.

Khi bn phmTi khi bn phm c ch to thm mt mch in gm t in v in tr mc song song nhau nhm mc ch chng rung cho phm bm

Mch chng rung cho phm bmTi bn phm c mt transistor lm nhim v reset li cc phm bm khi bm sai mt khu. Khi tan bm sai mt khu, th transistor c phn cc thun v mc vi chn reset ca Ic 4017 a ic v trng thi ban u. Khi iu khinIc 4017 l loi ic m hng c 11 u ra (nhng ta ch s dng 10 u ra), ng vi xung clock th ln lt cc u ra s mc cao. V ta ng dng tnh nng ny ca ic a u ra c mc cao vo u vo xung clock theo s m ha ca bn phm. Cc u ra ln lt c m t chn 0 n chn 9, cc chn ta mc thm cc diode cho tng chn v t a tn hiu qua bn phm v to nn mt khu cho mch in.. Mt khu c to bng cch sp xp cc phm bm sao cho ph hp vi mnh v m bo s an ton, d nh cho ngi dng. Trong mch in ny th mt khu c to l 12051993. Khi thc hin.Khi mt khu c bm ng vi mt khu to ra th mc logic s chuyn n chn th 11, ti chn ta mc mt thit b m kha ca hay trong mch m phng ny l mt n led.

Khi nhp ng mt khu th led sng v mch hot ng tt. Mch reset mt khu Mch reset mt khu c to ra nhm mc ch bo v s an ton ca mt khu, trnh s nhp mt khu theo kiu nhn m m vn m c kha.

Mch reset c hot ng nh sau: khi mt khu c nhp sai th s c ngun in chy qua R2 lm transistor C828 phn cc thun v in p i qua diode v n chn MR ca IC 4017 reset li diode v trng thi ban u. III. Thit k mch in da trn s nguyn l. Yu cu khi xy dng mch in i dy khng c trng nhau.