DMSCO Log Book Vol.20 1942

Entered as second classmatter, February 3rd, 1923,at the post office at DesMoines, Iowa, under theact of August 24th, 1912.

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THE --

LOG BOOK

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Accepted for mailing atspecial rates of postageprovided for in Section1103, Act of Oct. 3rd, 1917,authorized Feb. 3rd, 1923.

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PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE DES MOINES STILL COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHY

Volume 20 JANUARY 15, 1942 NUMBER 1

Osteopathic StudentDeferment

Because of the fact that therehas been much confusion and mis-understanding regarding defer-ment of osteopathic students, itis desirable at this time that wemake a frank statement regard-ing such deferments. We havebeen instructed that the OPMhas advised the Selective ServiceSystem that it is desirable thatosteopathic students and osteo-pathic physicians be deferred be-cause of the importance of theirservices as physicians to the civ-ilian population. We understandthis to be a defense mechanismof great importance because ofthe anticipated shortage of phy-.sicians. To further clarify andgive our authorization for suchstatements, we are presenting onthis page a copy of the SelectiveService bulletin under which weare operating. There has beenno change in these instructions.

As a further effort on the partof the osteopathic colleges tosupport the Defense Program theAmerican Association of Osteo-pathic Colleges at their calledmeeting in Chicago on December27, passed a motion indicatingtheir willingness and inten-tion to present the four yearosteopathic course in three yearsby doing away with summer va-cations. The details and mechan-ism for this important change arebeing worked out by each of theosteopathic colleges. This stephas been taken to further sup-port the Defense Program thusexpediting and increasing theavailability of osteopathic phy-sicians and surgeons in this timeof crisis. The osteopathic pro-fession is not only willing butambitious to contribute in everyway possible to the success of alldefense measures instituted andmaintained by the Government.

-A. D. B., D. O.

Diagnostic ProceduresNumber IV

Classification of AnemiasIt is one thing to perform the

necessary laboratory tests, andanother thing to evaluate themin the light of physical findingsand other data on the patient, sothat a diagnosis may be estab-lished and logical treatment in-stituted. This is particularlytrue in the case of the anemias.

If a physiological approach istaken, the significance of anemiais greatly simplified. The num-ber of erythrocytes in the circu-lating blood and the amount ofhemoglobin contained in them

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NATIONAL HEADQUARTERSSELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM

21st Street and C Street, N. W.Washington, D. C.

* * * *

August 18, 1941

MEMORANDUM TO ALL STATE DIRECTORS (1-217)LOCAL BOARD RELEASE (23)EFFECTIVE DATE: AT ONCE

THIS MEMORANDUM CANCELS AND REPLACES ORIGINAL1-191.

SUBJECT: MEMORANDUM 1-191 - STUDENTS OF OSTEO-PATHY AND OSTEOPATHS (111)Under date of July 16, Headquarters Memorandum 1-191

was issued. Since that time we have received numerous re-quests for the publication of the full report from the Office ofProduction Management. The Office of Production Manage-ment reported as follows:

"There are currently 10,000 licensed osteopaths practicingin the United States. It is estimated that this number will bereduced by about 460 in 1941 - 300 due to death and retirementand 160 due to induction under Selective Service. Partiallyoffsetting this loss in osteopathic manpower will be the entranceof 390 graduating students (allowances here made for thosewho may be inducted) into the profession during the year.Thus, the net loss in actual number of practicing osteopathsfor the year 1941 wilil abount to about 70 or 0.7% of thecurrent number. Obviously such a reduction cannot be con-sidered as liable to impair either the amount or the quality ofservice rendered by the osteopathic profession to the civilianpopulation.

"However, since the directives of the Selective Service Actprovide for the 'maintenance of national health, welfare, andinterest' in civilian as well as military life, it is desirable totake one other factor into consideration. The normal numberof medical physicians available to serve the civilian populationwill be substantially reduced in 1941. Over 9,000 will be calledto serve the armed forces, many are devoting considerable timeas examiners on Local Draft Boards, and still others will volun-teer for service abroad. No means will be available to meetthe resultant deficiency in civilian medical care unless some ofthe vital services are performed by persons competent to sup-plement the work of regular physicians. For such purposes, itis possible that the services of osteopathic physicians will takeon considerable significance.

"All approved osteopathic colleges currently give generaltraining in surgery and obstetrics, and in the majority of Statesgraduates are licensed to practice in these two fields. Wherethis is true and where the practitioners are qualified by train-ing, and are licensed to perform such civilian services as maynecessarily be left undone by other members of the medicalprofession, it seems that the national interest would best beserved by permitting osteopaths to serve in their civiliancapacity rather than in the armed forces, where their profes-sional skills would not be employed."

The provisions of Headquarters Memorandum 1-62, Occupa-tional Deferment of Students and Other Necessary Men inCertain Specialized Professional Fields, may be extended byagencies of the Selective Service System to include students ofosteopathy and osteopaths.

In applying these provisions there must be no deviationfrom the clear statutory prohibition against group deferments.The local board has full authority and responsibility for decidingwhether or not a registrant is a necessary nain and whether heshould be selected or deferred. It must consider all of theevidence submitted in connection with each individual case andmust decide each case on its particular facts.

(Signed) Lewis B. HersheyDirector

EMBRYOLOGYFetal Physiology

The most superficial observa-tions of neonatal behavior aresufficient to indicate the tremen-dous changes that take place be-tween birth and adulthood. More-over, it is reasonable to assumethat the prenatal changes infunction are even more profoundthan the postnatal. Allusion wasmade in the first of this seriesof articles (Log Book, September1941) to the fact that at any in-stant in the process of develop-ment the embyro is an individual,complete at the moment, butsubject to change. Recall, there-fore, that the physiology of theembryo will at first be a cytophys-iology; later a histophysiology;and probably not until five toeight weeks of development havetaken place will there be a trueorganophysiology. When organsbegin to function as such, let usnot confuse the function of theembryonic organ, which differsboth- in structure and environ-ment, with that of the adult.With the increase in age and dif-ferentiation of the embryonic tis-sues, there will be an increasingdiversity of function of the com-ponent cells, and also an increas-ing amount of cooperation be-tween cells, when organs are con-structed out of the newly formedtissues.

Therefore, the behavior of thefetus or any of its parts at anyone time is sufficient to the or-ganism at that time; as the fetuschanges anatomically, so alsomust its physiological processeschange-not only because itsstructure has changed but alsobecause this altered structure,with newly acquired, and perhapsalso lost, abilities, has created anew ecological system for theembryo. Consequently, the term"physiology of the fetus," in thatit tends to be misleading, is amisnomer, for the reason thatthere is truly a changing anddeveloping functional pattern,rather than a static situation asimplied by the former term.

In the study of human fetalphysiology there are two distinctproblems: firstly, the develop-ment of intraembryonic functions


Minnesota ConventionOn January 11, Richard Rogers

delivered a six hour symposiumon the subject of "Military Medi-cine," before the Minnesota StateOsteopathic association. Mr.Rogers is teaching the course ofMilitary Medicine, for the firsttime at Still College this semes-ter.

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IW..I

THE LOG BOOK

AOrWe are glad that everybody

arrived safely from snowboundvacations. We hope that thesevacations were happy ones de-spite the wintery weather.

With the advent of 1942 comesmore forcibly the uncertainty ofthe future. To witness the splen--did spirit of confidence in ourprofession and country as is soevident at school makes oneproud to be affiliated with sucha group. "V," yes, that's it, forour country and profession.

The fraternity will sadly missand long remember Ed Kanterand Dave Adelman. They grad-uate from D. M. S. C 0. carry-ing with them memories of foureventful years, spent learning theintricacies of the human mechan-ism. We know that, in leaving,they carry forth, together withthe rest of the graduating classthe banner of Osteopathy and aconcept born of belief in a struc-tural integrity governing physi-ological harmony.

A survey of the alumni of L.O. G. find all in good health anddoing well in practice. Dr. Max-well N. Greenhouse is now serv-ing as President of the Milwau-kee County Osteopathic Society.We extend greetings to ouralumni together with salutationsto the Osteopathic Profession toa New Year blessed with DivineGuidance.

The Deltas are expressing theirappreciation for a new year bymaking a contribution to theCivilian Defense Program. Thiswas decided, with other moment-ous matters, at the delightfulChristmas meeting at MaxineSeablom's apartment. We werewell entertained, transacted suchimportant business as the electionof officers for the new year, andexchanged small gifts. The mostappropriate and valuable of thesedoubtless, was the presentationof a booklet for defense savingsstamps, and a stamp to start theway to a twenty-five dollar bond.

Another thought for the year isbeing carried out in furnishingmilk for two months to a familyoutside the city. They are clinicpatients, with no provider, andsorely in need. We hope by thistoken to show our interest inthose who need the defense olbetter food in order to grow intoproductive citizens.

The installation of our new of-ficers and the postponed initiationof new honorary members willtake place very soon, and wehope to make it an occasion tcbe happily remembered for thegirls and honored ladies.

The new semester begins verysoon and wouldn't it be grand iiwe could have some new girls inschool? They are needed especi-ally in these days when the menare in doubt as to the draft sit-uation, and we are eager to havethem join us for our own person-al satisfaction. Come on, alum-nae, send us women!

-M. K.

AiTLAS WCLAt a regular business meeting

held at the Club on last Mondayevening the officers for the com-ing semester were installed andassumed their duties. The Clubhas chosen the following men tolead the organization for the nextsemester and we are all confidentthat our fraternity is in capablehands.

Our new Noble Skull will bePaul Taylor who will be aided byBob Patton as Occipital. Sacrumwill be Carl Waterbury, Recep-taculum will be Joe Cullen,Stylus wil be Paul Senk whilethe office of Styloid will be filledby Jack Merrill. The office ofPylorus will continue to be filledby Gordon Elliott who has donea fine job of handling the finan-cial end of things in the past.

It is with a great deal of pleas-ure that we look forward to thenew semester under these newmen, and I wish, on behalf of theentire fraternity to pledge ourfull support to them. Congratu-lations, fellows.

-V. S., Stylus

The Gamma chapter is bring-ing to a close a very successfulsemester by honoring its gradu-ating seniors with a banquet onJanuary 15, namely: DonaldBrail, William Ferguson, MarvinFord, Jerome Robb, and PatrickWood.

On December 9 a banquetmeeting was held at the Gardenof Italy with Dr. Wagner, headof the State Serium Center, asthe principal speaker.

VlC1t"inrn of nffinn-r'c Tx7fno! 'horl. s

the Atlas Club January 6 withthe following men holding thereins. Phil Reames, president;Lou Radetsky, vice-president;Hal Beals, secretary; Dick Bayne,corresponding secretary; DonaldWoods, treasurer; Roger Ander-son, reporter, and George Lewis,chaplin.

The scholastic awards this yearwent to Carl MacAdams, CarlWaterbury and Lou Radetsky.

Psi Sigma Alpha takes this op-portunity of wishing the schoolstudent body and those associat-ed with the osteopathic profes-sion a victorious year.

-P. T.

The Osteopathic Women's Col-lege Club wishes to extendgreetings and best wishes for theNew Year to the members of theprofession and their families andfriends.

The first scheduled meeting ofthe year was postponed due tothe inclement weather. Insteadwe held our first meeting of thenew year January 13th at theEast Des Moines Clinic. Theprogram chairman for the eve-ning was Nadine Taylor."' We lis-tened to and learned of the workof the Red Cross and what wecan do to help, told to us by arepresentative of the Red Cross.

-P. S.

)S irAt a regular meeting December

1, 1941 Phi Sigma Gamma hadelection of officers, Those elect-ed were: Norman Fox, Presi-dent; Phil Reams, Vice-Presi-dent; Herb Clausing, Secretary;Glenn Deer, Treasurer; DougFrantz, Sub Treasurer, and DaveHeflen, Seargent-at-Arms, Theseare all good men and the houseshould accomplish much thissemester.

On the evening of December12, there was a stag party at theChapter House. This was inhonor of the seniors who had justpassed qualifying examinations. Agood time was had by all.

We did not have a work nightthis last month because of theholidays. There will be one soonand we hope to have DwightJames as the speaker for the eve-ning.

Our Christmas party was on theevening of December 19. BrotherBill Rodgers was in charge ofthe refreshments and as usualproved very capable. Againeverybody had a good time.

Our Senior Banquet this yearwill be held on the evening ofJanuary 14, 1942. We would bevery happy to have any of ouralumni present.

-- H. P. C., Sec'y.

[V. OOn Wednesday evening, De-

cember 17 Iota Tau Sigma metat the home of Dr. Byron Cash.At this meeting thirteen men re-ceived their last degrees and pins.The men who became activeMomlinh-rc sire I R A A· wgiiiluerJt arel. DbeTL aUalis,Larry Belden, Hilden Blohm,Robert Bennington, John Halley,Thomas McWilliams, EdwardMossman, Frank Nasso, GeraldRosenthal, Jack Shaffer, CharlesSchultz, and Cyril Des Lauriers.We wish to congratulate thesemen and welcome them into theranks of Iota Tau Sigma. Wewere very happy to have DoctorsSteffen, Sloan, Kelsey andFischer, Des Moines alumnaepresent at the meeting and tak-ing part in the initiation.

Loyola Gaudet, Ray Pinchak,Stanley Staab, and Robert Gus-tafson pledged the fraternityearly last fall and will receivetheir first degrees at an earlydate.

Following the initiation a shortbusiness meeting was held. Planswere made for the senior ban-quet in honor of William Fergu-son who graduates in January.It was decided to invite themembers of the sorority as ourguests. Elaborate plans are be-ing formulated for this occasion.At the conclusion of the businessmeeting we were served a verydelightful luncheon by Dr. andMrs. Cash.

Brother Jack Shaffer was theunfortunate victim of an- attackof acute appendicitis and was op-erated upon December 22. He isconvalescing nicely and we ex-pect him back in a few days.

-E. C. M.

DESERT-ATIONSSanta Claus smiled bountifully

on the little cottage at the edgeof the desert. Morrie came fromCamp Claiborne a thousand milesaway and his wife Marj made thetrip from Des Moines arrivingonly a few hours after the StaffSergeant. Lt. Grigsby had ordersto not leave El Paso so we journ-eyed to Frances' home to see thatpart of the family which nowconsists of the daughter, her hub-by and two children. All ofwhich makes Ole Doc Halladaya grandpa for sure with thissomething new added in the formof a grandson late in November.The problems of the war weredefinitely settled by the StaffSergeant and the Lieutenant inthe family. It was a grand re-union and we hope it can be re-peated another year. In themeantime we all have certainduties to carry out and even thothe time seemed all too short wefully realize that there is muchto be done.

Another fine gift from Santawas the visit of a patient ofwhom I am very proud. A littleover ten years ago a baby girlwas given up to die by severalspecialists in Des Moines. Some'of you who were in class at thattime may remember the case ofHydrocephalus that came out sowell under osteopathic treatmentwhen everything else failed. Thatlittle girl, now ten years old,stopped with her mother andfather to say hello and HappyNew Year to me and it was in-deed a happy moment to see herin" excellent health and as brightas a dollar. We had dinner to-gether at La Posta and recountedthe trying days when her thinthread of life seemed to almostbreak. Holiday gifts such asthese do not come wrapped intinsel. They are solid gold andincrease in value as the yearsroll along.

The turn of the calendar bringsto mind the coming ceremoniesin honor of a graduating classand the week following we wel-come a new group of Freshmen.In spite of the conditions underwhich all of us must work for awhile these new osteopathic phy-sicians will find plenty to do.With many physicians in the ser-vice, those who will not be calledwill have to do double duty andbe prepared for emergencies. Iwant to congratulate the Seniorswho are graduating. Osteopathyneeds hundreds more like you,prepared to serve in the completecapacity of well trained physi-cians.

I hope the entering class morethan fills the places vacated bythe graduates. Your first year isthe only long one for the otherswill pass too quickly as the studybecomes more interesting eachsemester.

In a short time the desert willawaken and blossoms will beginto dot the mesas. We hope yourplans and aspirations will sooncome to full bloom and bring toyou the pleasure of accomplish-ment and success thruout theyear 1942.

H. V. H.

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PJIHI:.lIIIn I ollcrl(elr. WI 'I-,ll wa .I.

THE LOG BOOK

The Log BookThe Official Publication of

DES MOINES STILL COLLEGEOF OSTEOPATHY

Editor ................Arthur D. Becker

Co-editor Richard F. Snyder, B.S.

Osteopathy Without Limitation

Civilian Defense

As a volunteer measure forrecognition in the Civilian De-fense Program of the city of DesMoines, the May Class of 1943 ofDes Moines Still College of Os-teopathy recently conducted asurvey on the faculty and stu-dent body to determine eachmember's individual blood type.A-ccording to the Moss system ofblood-grouping, the results of thetests,-conducted on 122 membersavailable at the time the projectwas carried out,-were as fol-lows: Type I, 1.6%; Type II,27%; Type III, 11.5%; and TypeIV, 60%. A person with bloodof Type I is commonly known asan "universal recipient," and aperson with Type IV, an "univer-sal donor." This information,together with the results of aserological test conducted oneach student, has been accuratelydetermined and permantly rec-orded so that he may be readilycontacted if any emergencyshould arise requiring wholeblood of his particular type.

Much credit is due both theCollege faculty and the labora-tory assistants for placing at thedisposal of the students the ex-tensive equipment of the ClinicalPathology Laboratory withoutwhich these tests could not havebeen run. It is interesting torealize, however, that the pro-gram for the future applicationof the acquired data, and in factthe whole project was decidedupon and is being performedsolely by the students themselvesin a desire to further the prac-ticability of their course in Lab-oratory Diagnosis, and also inMilitary Medicine,-a compara-tively new subject that was addedto the curriculum of the Collegeseveral months ago.

Through the combined effortsof each member of the JuniorClass of Des Moines Still Collegeof Osteopathy much work is be-ing done in this particular phaseof Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis,and to further this activity theclass has volunteered its servicesto the Civilian Defense of DesMoines for any assistance withinits capacity.

Gordon L. Elliott

EMBRYOLOGY

(Continued from Page One)which either serve the purpose ofthe embryo temporarily or persistin modified form in the adult;and secondly, the feto-maternalrelationship. The first is truephysiology as the term is ordi-narily understood, whereas the

WHAT IS P. & P. W.

There is an old saying, that "great trees from little acornsgrow." I question whether anyone concerned in the initiationof the Public and the Professional Welfare Committee couldhave foreseen at that time the far reaching value and con-structive accomplishments which were to eventuate as the resultof that beginning. The Public and Professional Welfare Com-mittee through its counselor Mr. Harry E. Caylor and the mem-bers of the committee has become an activity of outstandingimportance, in the American Osteopathic Association. Its workreaches directly to every osteopathic physician in practice andevery osteopathic institution in existence. Its function is tomake known to the public the availability of osteopathic serviceand to enable the osteopathic profession to better serve thepublic.

It is the great public informing mechanism for osteopathyand the osteopathic profession. Along these lines there has beenaccomplished far more than most of us realize. As a part ofthe Defense Program and in order to make more osteopathicphysicians and surgeons available and thus serve in the main-tenance of national health, welfare and interest of the civilianpopulation, it is necessary that more osteopathic students beenrolled in our osteopathic colleges. The P. & P. W. committeehas recognized the importance of this demand for osteopathicservice. Its members have recognized that in no way can theosteopathic profession more surely serve than in increasing theavailability of osteopathic treatment and care. To this end theP, & P. W. committee has decided to throw its strength behindthis formost osteopathic project and make the matter of studentselection and student enrollment a major part of its service tothe public during this period of great national emergency. TheFederal Offices of Production Management and the SelectiveService System have indicated in their bulletins the desirabilityof making osteopathic physicians and surgeons available in thecapacity in which their professional skills can best be employed.

The ability of the Public and Professional Welfare Commit-tee to serve in this great emergency program, is contingent uponthe amount of money with which it has to work. This is a pro-gram which carries with it many opportunities as well as respon-sibilities, presenting themselves to the P. & P. W. Committee,it is imperative that every osteopathic physician make a promptcontribution to the extension of P. & P. W. activities. Sendyour check for five or ten dollars today to Central Office, ear-marked for P. & P. W. Disregard former contributions andadd this much additional. Many laymen, friends of osteopathy,would no doubt be willing and glad to contribute to these ac-tivities if the matter were made known to them. In no waycan individual members of the osteopathic profession make acontribution at this time that will better serve in a dual ca-pacity, that of building for greater and more available osteo-pathic services to the public, and as well, assisting in a DefenseProgram mechanism of first importance. Get back of your com-mittee in one of the greatest opportunities in public service everpresented to the osteopathic profession

- A. D. B., D. O.

second is more properly regardedas a study of fetal ecology.

Although the problems as out-lined are easily visible, their so-lutions are not so obvious. Forsocial and technical reasons it isnot possible, except under extra-ordinary circumstances to haveavailable human subjects for ob-servation or experiment. Thebulk of the pertinent data musttherefore be derived from otheranimals. As indicated by num-erous instances, to be cited later,such methods may be inaccurateor even misleading.

The inapplicability to humansof many data observed in loweranimals arises from two majorsources: in the first place, dif-ferences between adult physiologyof the human and the animal-concerned, and secondly, the dif-ferences in relationship of thefetus to the mother in differentspecies. The latter difference im-plies variability of placentalstructure, period of gestation anddegree of development accom-plished during the gestation pe-

riod.Because of the variables con-

cerned and the exacting condi-tions imposed by the very me-chanism of mammalian develop-ment, there are still many phasesof fetal physiology which needelucidating. However, the workwhich has been done in this fieldup to the present time has beensummarized by Windle (Physi-ology of the Fetus, Saunders,1940), and his summary will beconsulted freely in subsequentarticles which will review fetalfunctions according to body sys-tem.

-Hugh Clark

Diagnostic Procedures(Continued From Page One)

depends upon the hemogenic-hemolytic balance of the bodyOn the one hand, the bonemar-row manufactures red-blood cellsat the rate of about one trilliorper day and on the other handthe spleen, liver and other organsdestroys the red-blood cells which

are worn out at the same rate.Thus, in a normal individual thetotal red-count is maintained atabout 5,000,000 per cubic milli-meter of blood. In the main,there are two types of anemia.I. ANEMIAS DUE TO BLOOD

LOSS AND OR INCREASEDBLOOD DESTRUCTION.

1. Posthemorrhagic anemiasA. AcuteB. Chronic

2. Hemolytic anemiasA. Chemical hemolytic an-

emiasB. Specific infectionsC. Increased fragility of

erythrocytesD. Endogenous hemolysins.

II. ANEMIAS DUE TO DEFEC-TIVE BLOOD FORMATION.

1. Iron deficiency anemias(hypochromic normocyticor microcytic)

2. Anemias due to lack ofthe specific anti-anemicfactor (hyperchromic mac-rocytic)

3. Aplastic anemias.In evaluating the laboratory

findings for the diagnosis ofanemia we are concerned in par-ticular with: 1) Hemoglobin per-centage (or grams per 100 cc.)

2) Total erythrocyte count3) Color Index4) Total leucocyte count5) Study of stained smear

(differential or Schilling).The first three points are most

important. Here are, some possi-ble combinations of findings:

1) Normal total red-count, pos-sibly 4,800,000.Hemoglobin, possibly 60%Color index, 0.62

Such a patient has probablybeen living upon a diet low iniron and the bonemarrow hasfound it necessary to place asmaller amount of hemoglobin ineach individual red-blood cell, asindicated by the color index.Treatment would consist of ad-ministering iron in some form sothat the bone-marrow will havethe necessary material to manu-facture hemoglobin in largerquantities.

Just this word about the ex-pected results from anemia treat-ment. The life of a red bloodcell is about 30 to 40 days. Thereare about 30 trillion erythrocytesin the blood stream of an individ-ual with a total count of 5,000,-000. To maintain the hemolytic-hemogenic balance, 1 trillion aredestroyed daily and 1 trillionmanufactured to replace thoselost. The iron administered, cannot be added to those cells al-ready formed and in circulation,but the new cells formed dailywill contain 'progressively morehemoglobin. Therefore, improve-ment in the blood picture willdepend upon the rate at whichthe bone-marrow will be able toutilize the raw material suppliedfor the formation of hemoglobin,and to place in the red cells asthey are released. In some pa-tients there will be a definitechange in a few weeks, while inothers several months will benecessary to produce noticableie ilts.

In the next article additionalcases will be given.

-0. Edwin Owen, D. O.

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THE LOG BOOK

I 3L^® r. THome Guard

C. N. Stryker,, D. O., Sheldon,was appointed by 'GovernorGeorge A. Wilson on December18, 1941, as a Captain of the IowaState Guard commanding Com-pany B at Sheldon.

Civilian DefenseD. H. Grau, D. O.,, and R. R.

Pearson, D. O., of Muscatine,were duly named and appointedon December 20, 1941, as mem-bers of the medical unit of theMuscatine County Civilian De-fense Council.

Carolyn Barker, D. O., FortDodge, has been appointed byGovernor George A. Wilson as amember of the Webster CountyCivilian Defense Council.

The December 15 issue of TheLog Book listed the names ofthose appointed by PresidentJordan as County Chairman ofthe Society's Council on Defenseand Preparedness, representingthe profession in their respectiveCounties in the Civilian Defenseprogram. The appointments werefor all Counties in which CountyCivilian Defense Councils hadbeen selected by Governor Wilsonup to that date.

Since that time Governor Wil-son has named Civilian DefenseCouncils in additional Counties,and, in turn, President Jordanhas appointed the following phy-sicians to serve as County Chair-men representing the Society'sCouncil on Defense and Prepared-ness in such Counties:

Eunice Hall, Independence, Bu-chanan County; D. E. Hannan,Perry, Dallas County; H. B.Willard, Manchester, DelawareCounty; J. L. Craig, Cresco,Howard County; W. J. Morrison,West Bend, Palo Alto County;Bernice W. DeConly, CouncilBluffs, Pottawattamie County; A.G. Shook, Seymour, Wayne Coun-ty; A. L. Lundgren, Fort Dodge,Webster County, and Charles H.Potter, Forest City, WinnebagoCounty.

Governor Wilson, as State Di-rector of Civilian Defense, hasbeen duly notified of these ap-pointments by President Jordan.

Board of TrusteesThe Board of Trustees met at

the Savery Hotel, Des Moines, onSunday, January 11, pursuant tocall of President Jordan. Manyproblems were considered and de-termined.

The following Department andCommittee Chairmen were alsopresent, by invitation of thePresident: J. K. Johnson, Jr.,Chairman, Department of Profes-sional Affairs; D. E. Hannan,Chairman, Department of PublicAffairs; Dale S. House, Chair-man of the Industrial and In-stitutional Service Committee; H.A. Graney, Chairman of the Hos-pitals Committee; and S. H.Klein, Chairman of the Commit-tee on Defense and Prepared-ness.

Convention ExhibitsThe following companies have

o.q1rnlIvT eantrnro t+p far P'lhihit

space at the Forty-Fourth An-nual Convention of the Societyto be held at the Savery Hotel,Des Moines, on May 6 and 7,1942:

The Bovinine Company, Chi-cago; Mellin's Food Company,Boston; M. H. Newgard X-RayCompany, Des Moines; H. GFischer and Company, Chicago;and The Standard ChemicalCompany, Inc., Des Moines.

Osteopathic HospitalL. W. Jamieson, osteopathic

physician and surgeon, formerlyowner and operator of the Jam-ieson Clinic and Hospital, Wayne,Nebraska, has moved to SiouxCity where he has opened a newosteopathic hospital to serve theneeds of the people of that sec-tion of the State. He is receiv-ing the wholehearted co-opera-tion of the osteopathic professionin the Sioux City area and theIowa Society takes this opportun-ity to wish him the best of GoodLuck in this new and decidedlymeritorious undertaking.

Radio CommitteePresident Jordan has named

and appointed the following phy-sicians as members of the RadioCommittee of this Society, ofwhich Dr. O. Edwin Owen isChairman, to represent the pro-fession from a public serviceradio standpoint at the radio sta-tion set forth following their re-spective names:

Dale S. House, Dubuque, sta-tion DKTH; L. A. Nowlin, Dav-enport, station WHBF; I. S. Lod-wick, Ottumwa, station KBIZ; J.W. Peterson, Waterloo, stationWMT; Leo Sturmer, Shenandoah,stations KMA and KFNF; W. C.Gordon, Sioux City, stationsKSCJ and KTRI; and Byron A.Wayland, Cedar Rapids, stationWMT.

The Division of Public andProfessional Welfare of the Am-erican Osteopathic Associationhas started an entirely new ser-ies of radio programs, the publickeynote of which is "DefendYour Health. Keep PhysicallyFit to Do Your Part for Victory."

President Jordan's appoint-ments are in tune with this na-tion-wide effort of the osteopathicprofession in promoting the gen-eral welfare through this greatradio "health and fitness" drivein the "Victory program."

Additional appointments will bemade by President Jordan in thenear future.

Applications for MembershipWm. F. Moore, Grafton.Roger V. Templeton, Grimes.L. A. Ford, Lamont.-Dwight S. James, Sec.-Treas.

Pursuit for a Reason

I would like to make a slightcorrection relative to a statementin the last part of the last in-stallment of this series. Thestatement as printed was that"Jaundice with pain fades com-pletely when gangrene of theviscus develops." Where theJaundice came from to color thatc a.- +. an, T A1 v , + 1r ..... l . ..sentllLnce, J. ctn I -tL KnIoW, Du- Ii T

point remains that when gang-rene of a viscus develops pain isrelieved immediately. Wheredeath of the part develops, thesensory nerves in the area aredevitalized also is the ending ofthose nerves that must receivethe sensory impressions, height-ened by edematous pressure, re-lative acidosis and the otherproducts of inflammation. Theyare the nerve endings and fibersthat relay to the cord the in-creased number of afferent im-pulses and create a degree ofsegmental hyper-irritability ade-quate to initiate the radiationphenomenon with the resultantexpression in the somatic area ofhigher sensibility of pain, mus-cle contracture, hyperesthesia,etc.

The matters of referred pain,reflex expression, reflex effect,synapse and synaptic resistance,are such vital factors in Osteo-pathy and consequently to theentire healing are in the future,that we will have to concern our-selves more and more with themin the future. We will renderall applications of vegetativeanatomy and physiology directlyto such investigators as Still,'/i ,1,.,.. ~ IT , TT. ' 1 43 T TT ....,-IVlilUlCllglie, e, iciiLU , iUivi, zi'y,Hurst, Capps, Brain, Ross, Carl-son, Lenander, Morley, SheehanCarmichael, Woollard, Cannon,Marclay etc. and to our orthodoxphysiologies, Best and Taylor,Hoyell, MacLlod etc.

The first factor that must beconsidered is the synapse. Sincewe were coelenterates we havepossessed nervous systms in whichpolarity and specific direction ofimpulse transmission are domin-ant characteristics. The synapse,absent in the coelenterate andlower forms, plays an importantpart. Afferent or associationalfibers do not end in direct con-tact with the receptors of thenext neurone but end in synapticrelationship around a number ofreceptor processes of a numberof cells. This small gap or syn-apse area is of great interest, ofgreater importance and we arejust beginning to learn about itThe synapse has been describedas a spark-gap demanding a cer-tain speed of impulse transmis-sion to make the jump. Lesservelocities are screened out. Alsothe synapse has ben referred toas a pop-off valve requiring thedevelopment or accumulation ofsufficient quantity or pressure ofnerve force to result in dischargesuddenly across the synapticgap. Now, as is frequent, justwhen we are getting to know alittle about the synapse area andits function other investigatorsare challenging the existence ofthe synapse as such and the sec-retory theory of acetylcholineexcitation of nerve cells becom-ing more prominent. We willutilize the proven and promisingpoints of the arguments withoutarguing ourselves for we are in-terested in the synapse for areason far more important andvital than usually spurs profes-sors to immerse their heads inthe tub of pure science.

The most characteristic factorabout the synapse is the resist-ance it offers to the passage of

nerve impulses. It is normallylike a mesh that screens out thelarge multitude of smaller itemsand permits only the larger onesto be saved for practical use.Synaptic resistance is a variablefactor however. It can be in-creased or decreased by will, bypractice, by use, by treatment aswell as by disease and manyother factors. Of first importanceis the state of nutrition of thesynapse. If the synapse is de-prived of normal nutriment it canand will not produce its usuallevel of resistance to the passageof an impulse but will resist indirect proportion to the state ofnutrition. If the sewage disposalis impaired by a venous and lym-patic impediment then again thefunction of the synapse is im-paired and its days work is re-duced. If the synapse is giveninadequate rest and is constantlybombed, frequently and over pro-tracted periods of time it losessome and progressively more ofits ability to screen out lesserimpulses and they begin to leakthru the synapse in ever increas-ing numbers and will have reflexeffect.

Many factors alter synapticlultict UUn. -IWitUIL luo I'IIive ana

learning, are processes of associ-ation and repetition. Physiologiccanalization of pathways result-ing in a lowering of synaptic re-sistance due to the intentionallyfrequent passaged of nerve im-pulses. Drugs of various formslower synaptic resistance-strych-nine being the classic example.Toxins accomplish the same endwhether they are of endogenous,exogenous, chemical or bacter-ial origin. Possibly the mechan-ism of the effect of any factoroperative at the synapse is an al-teration in the H ion concentra-tion. In all infections there is atoxemia, a lowering of synapticresistance resulting. There is atendency toward the acid side inall our tissues whenever we areintoxicated from any toxin, orwhen ever there is impedence tonerves and lympathic return,with subsequent increase in theH ion concentration.

An increased H ion concentra-tion means certain definite alter-ations in the physiologic functionof nerve tissue. There is height-ened irritability of the sensoryterminals, lowering of synapticresistance, heightened irritabilityof the nerve cells, radiation phe-nomenon or the stimulation thruassociated pathways of a greaternumber of nerve cells, and in-creased reflex effect. There maybe an intensified effect at theeffctor in an area of decreasedalkalinity though the nerve im-pulse is of the same velocity andintensity.

The H ion concentration at thenerve cell and synapse due to thetoxins in an infection, favor thereflex arc expression of the di-sease by producing pain andnyositis. The decreased alkalinityat those same areas due to Os-teopathic spinal lesion pathologypermits the same ease of radia-tion to other nervous with re-sultant reflex arc disturbance totissues segmentally innervated.

-Byron E. Laycock, D. O.

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Volume 20 FEBRUARY 15, 1942 NUMBER 2.. I

Death Claims Dr. Eades

Dr. Ernest Thomas Eades ofBluefield who has practiced Os-teopathy in West Virginia since1925 died suddenly from a heartattack January 7, 1942, on hisway home from his office andwas buried at Roanoke, Virginia,January 9th. Dr. Eades wasgraduated from the Des MoinesStill College of Osteopathy inMay 1925, wrote the examinationgiven by the West Virginia Boardof Osteopathy in June of thatyear, and immediately beganpractice at Williamson. In 1933Dr. Eades moved his office toBluefield when death claimed hisbrother, Dr. James B. Eades ofthat place.

Ernest was always a staunchsupporter of the West VirginiaOsteopathic Society and served asits president during the year1931-32. On matters pertainingto his profession Dr. Eades wasa convincing speaker at all Statemeetings. His ready smile,hearty hand shake, and genialpersonality will be missed by allwho knew him. Our sincere sym-pathy is extended to his wife,Mrs. Mary E. Eades, in her greatsorrow.

Diagnostic Procedures

Number V

Deficiency AnemiasIron deficiency anemia is a very

prevalent condition at all ages,from the infant, through the ac-tive adult years and in the aged.It is probably responsible formore malfunction of the humanbody than any other factor. Whenwe consider that every symptomof anemia may be traced directlyto oxygen starvation of the cellsof the body, the full impact of itsimportance can be realized.

1--Deficient intake of iron isthe first factor for considerationin the correction of such ananemia. If we eat a normal well-balanced diet consisting of meat,fruits, and vegetables, supple-mented by dairy products therequirements will be met. How-ever, if we by choice or necessitylimit the selection of foods ananemia will creep into the pic-ture. Anemia is no respecter ofclasses; it occurs just as frequent-ly among those financially ableto provide adequate food asamong the under privileged anddestitute. Dietary fads for re-ducing and for specific diseasesshould be continually kept inmind.

2- Defective absorption of iron.Most of the iron received by thebody in food is in the ferric state.

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Program-·-Yyl~l~llyl lll LY Y1~·tn

Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy announces a planwhereby the full four year course of professional training inosteopathy will be presented in three years, by doing away withsummer vacations. The full semester's programs will be con-ducted as at present without any lessening in subject material andwithout any lowering of scholastic standards. New Freshmenclasses will be enrolled at the beginning of each semester.

The next semester (summer semester) will begin on June15, 1942 for registration, class work beginning on June 16, 1942.The fall semester will begin on October 19, 1942 and the springsemester will begin on March 9, 1943.

This speed up program is the result of the desire of the osteo-pathic officials and of the osteopathic colleges to cooperate withthe National Defense Program and is contrived to enable ourosteopathic educational institutions to make osteopathic physiciansand surgeons more rapidly available, looking toward the health,safety and interest of the public.

This new program of condensation of the osteopathic profes-sional course, has the approval of the American Association ofOsteopathic Colleges, of the Bureau of Professional Education andColleges of the American Osteopathic Association and of the Boardof Trustees of the American Osteopathic Association as represent-ed ,by their Executive Committee. The Selective Service Systemhas clearly indicated its attitude regarding the great importanceof the services of osteopathic physicians in this national emerg-ency. They have expressed their opinion that it is desirable thatosteopathic students shall be deferred for the completion of theirprofessional training. They have made it evident that desirableand well qualified students shall be allowed to enroll in theosteopathic colleges in order that the supply of osteopathic phy-sicians and surgeons shall be increased.

The Bureau of Professional Education and Colleges of theAmerican Osteopathic Association has ruled that the present highstandards for entrance qualifications shall be maintained. Twofull years of collegiate work (60 semester hours) in an accreditedcollege or university, without subject designation, will continue tobe the entrance prerequisite for students enrolling in the June 15class and for all subsequent classes until further notice. DesMoines Still College of Osteopathy, as one of the approved osteo-pathic colleges, will follow these established requirements.

Particular attention is directed to the fact that there will bea summer session and the enrollment of a new class beginning onJune 15, 1942. The reason for especially directing your attentionto this date is because of the fact that it is a distinct departurefrom our former scedule.

Supplements are being prepared for the new catalogs to in-corporate the changes in the college calendar and other informa-tion. -A. D. B., D. O.

Before absorption can occur, theferric iron must be changed toferrous iron. This is accomplish-ed by the stomach in the pres-ence of hydrochloric acid of thegastric juice. If a condition ofhypochlorhydria exists, theamount if iron converted to theferrous state is greatly reduced.If the truth were only known wewould probably find that farmore individuals are sufferingfrom deficient gastric aciditythan from excessive gastric acid-ity as we are currently led tobelieve. Keep in mind that be-tween 50 and 60 years of age, thepotency of the digestive juices isreduced to the physiological needsof the body with very little leftover for digesting food the body

does not need. In some cases itis advisable to determine whetherthe patient is holding the foodin the stomach long enough topermit the conversion of iron."Intestinal hurry" may rush foodalong the canal too rapidly andthus retard absorption of iron.

3 -Increased demands for irondemand consideration. This fac-tor is of little imporance in men,except following acute or chronichemorrhage. In women is of vi-tal concern from the onset ofpuberty until the close of themenopause. The body is able tomake up the blood loss duringmenstruation if not more than400 cc. During pregnancy themother requires an extra supply

(Continued on Page Two)

Emboryology

Physiology of the FetalCirculatory System

Although the individual partsof the circulatory system accom-plish a long and varied list ofphysiological tasks, the originaland basic function of the systemas a whole is the supply of oxy-gen and nutriment to the tissuesand the removal of their meta-bolic products. It is a fluid sys-tem of communication betweenall parts of the body, whosecomplexity and perfection aredirectly proportional to the com-plexity of the body it is to serve.This correlation is substantiatedby data of both comparativeanatomy and embryology. Untilthe gastrular stage of develop-ment has been reached a circu-latory system is unnecessary, andnone is developed. Nutrition isobtained by osmotic processes,and circulation by diffusion isadequate. This type of nutritionis used by the human embryo forabout two weeks. Later, fetalcirculation is established to carefor the needs of the growing em-bryo. Several aspects of theseembryological acquisitions arereviewed below.

HeartThe earliest cardiac contrac-

tions have been observed in the3-somite stage of mammals andhave been recorded by cinemiCro-graphic methods. The initialheart beat consists merely ofisolated, spasmodic contractionsof a few bulboventricular cells.After a few hours the activityof right and left sides is coordi-nated, but the movement of theblood is of a tidal nature. Fol-lowing ventricular contractionthe atrium and sinus venosus be-gin to pulsate in that order. Aseach of these parts is included inthe embryonic cardiac cyclethere is an acceleration in the


Engagements

The engagement and approach-ing marriage of their daughter,Geraldine, was recently announc-ed by Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Greeneof York, Nebraska, to ScottHeatherington, a freshman atStill College. The wedding willtake place February 21, at theMethodist Church in York.

Another engagement of interestto Still College is that of JeanStockdill, daughter of Mr. andMrs. D. S. Stockdill of W!inneba-go, Minnesota, to Roy Bubeck, asophomore at Still. The date ofthe wedding has not been set.

It is our desire to wish bothof these couples the best ofeverything in the years to come.

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THE LOG BOOK

On Monday evening, February2, Calvaria Chapter installed itsnew officers for the current sem-ester. They are as follows:

Cerebrum, Irving Ansfield;Cerebellum, Louis Radetsky;Pons, Arthur Abramsohn; Cala-mus Scriptorius, Daniel Fein-stein; Neuroglia, Paul Green, andCalvarium, Norman Kurzer.

Congratulations to Dr. EdwardKanter on his receiving the PsiSigma Alpha award for the high-est scholastic average in the Jan-uary class just graduated.

The fraternity is determined tomake up in spirit for what welack in numbers, and a fine edu-cational program in Osteopathyis being planned for this semes-ter.

We wish at this time to takethe opportunity to welcome thenew freshmen and to wish themsuccess. They are to be con-gratulated on their choice of Os-teopathy as a profession.

This last month at the fratern-ity house has been a comparitive-ly quiet one, due to final examsand the new semester starting.

There are two new freshmenliving in the house, Jack Yarhamand Ellsworth Haynes, also RaySweeny is back with us this se-mester. The fraternity smokersare coming up soon and we hopeto pledge these new men.

Two of our members, GlennMunger and Jack Mills havegraduated and left us. We allhated to see these men leave buthope they have much success inpractice.

Ray Sweeny brought back someof his first aid equipment that heused as trainer of the BrooklynDodgers professional footballteam and is conducting an extracurricular, class in first aid forthe fellows in the house. So farthis has proven most interesting.

-H. C., Secy.

Psi Sigma Alpha begins thefirst semester of 1942 by extend-ing its congratulations to bothgraduating seniors and new fresh-men.

Our new officers have takentheir posts with determination tomake this a profitable and out-standing semester.

-P. T,

AThe Delta Omega Sorority has

launched into an avalanche ofactivities following the return tcDes Moines from the Xmas holi-day excursions.

On Sunday, January 18, irGrace Ransom's Tearoom, MrsAileen Kimberly and Mrs. Beat-rice Laycock were welcomed intcthe chapter as honorary mem-bers. Following this, the newofficers were installed, namelyMildred Weygandt, presidentMary Toriello, vice president;Mary Williams, correspondingsecretary; Emma MacAdamstreasurer, and Maxine Seablom

guard.Rachel Payne, recording secre-

tary-elect, was unable to attendthe meeting for installation atthis time. Dr. Rachel Woods actedas installing officer.

Following the business meetinga lovely buffet supper was en-joyed. Beside the active mem-bers of the chapter and the twohonorary members, the followingwere present: Drs. Mary Golden,Rachel Woods, Beryl Freeman,Ruth Paul, Burnanette Connelly,Mrs. A. D. Becker, Mrs. L. L.Facto, Mrs. B. L. Cash.

January 15th, the Deltas weregraciously entertained by theIota Tau Sigma fraternity attheir Senior Banquet. Thankyou, boys. The corsages and allwere appreciated.

Dr. Rachel Woods and Mrs. B.L. Cash entertained the Sororityat a sumptious dinner in Mrs.Cash's home, February 4th. Aft-er dinner we enjoyed the moviesof the Cash's vacation last sum-mer, then we played Court Whistuntil time to go home.

Now all the girls are preparingto give the Bowling Tournamentsome real competition. WATCHTO YOUR LAURELS, BOYS!

-M. W.

Q0TThe main event of the past

month was the senior banquet atBoyces Uptown Cafe in honor ofour graduating brother, Bill Fer-guson. Bill is now located inCorydon, Iowa. CongratulationsBill. We wish you great success.

A delightful dinner was mademore enjoyable by the graciouspresence of our guests, the mem-bers of Delta Omega Sorority.We were happy to have Drs.Cash, Sloan and Kelsey with usfor the evening.

Dr. Paul Kimberly was thespeaker of the evening. His topic,Mind Over Matter, was very cap-ably presented and was enjoyableas well as educational. We takethis opportunity to thank Dr.Kimberly for his fine address.

The banquet was, indeed amost enjoyable event and onewhich we will not soon forget.

We are happy to announce thatCarl Crow has affiliated himselfwith us as a pledge. We extendcongratulations to Carl and aresure that he will be a credit toIota Tau Sigma. We are alscglad to see Major Anderson backwith us this semester. He isplanning his initiation in the nearfuture.

The customary smoker, to beheld Wednesday, February 18, isplanned in the form of a dinner

On January 20, the OsteopathicWomen's College Club held abanquet in honor of the graduat-ing senior's wives at Grace Ran-son's Tea Room.

Mrs. A. D. Becker was toastmistress and principal speaker

Entertainment was provided byMrs. Peace, Mrs. Ginn, and MrsBarnum.

Mrs. Brail was presented witian O. B. certificate.

-P. S.

ATLAS CLUThe Atlas semi-annual senior

banquet was held January 15th,at Rich's Grill. The honors wentto Donald Brail, Herman Gegner,and our past president, MertonWorster.

On Saturday, January 31st, at3 o'clock in the afternoon, thefraternity attended the weddingof Mr. Gerald Dierdoff and MissFay Brooks, who were united inmarriage at the West Des MoinesMethodist Church. After thewedding ceremonies, a receptionwas held at the church for theguests.

The Golden Gloves boxingmatches, which were held at theShrine Auditorium Monday, Feb-ruary 2nd, were attended byAtlas "En masse." The fratern-ity had the honor of having asits guests for the evening the in-coming freshmen.

-P. J. S.

Senior AwardsThe following graduates of the

January '42 class have beenawarded top honors in the follow-ing divisions:

General Clinic-Donald Wm.Brail.

Obstetrics--Glenn C. Mungerand Wm. T. Ferguson.

Gynecology-Edward S. Kan-ter.

Proctology-Wm. T. Ferguson.Anatomy-Edward S. Kanter,

Alfred H. Thiemann, Wyatt A.Wood.

Diagnostic Procedures(Continued From Page One)

of iron to meet the demands ofthe fetus as well as her own.During the last two months ofpregnancy, the fetus must storeenough iron to last for the firstsix months following birth whenthe diet is chiefly milk which isvery low in iron. After the men-opause there is very little dif-ference in the incidence of an-emia between men and women.

4 Defective assimilation ofiron and use by the body in thebuilding of the hemoglobin mole-cule in the red blood-cells by thebone-marow completes the chainof events. As mentioned in Ar-ticle Number IV, the bone-mar-row is called upon to produce 1trillion cells daily to replacethose which have live out theirlife-span of 30 to 40 days. If thebone-marrow is not supplied withthe necessary raw materials, thered cells will be turned out withdeficient hemoglobin, giving a hy-pochromic normacytic anemia. Ifthe raw materials including ironare too scarce, the number ofred cells will be reduced and thesize of the cells decreased, givinga hypochromic microcytic anemia.The bone-marrow is no differentthan any other organ of the body.It is one part of the correlatedsystems. Infectious diseases, or-ganic disturbances of all kindsmay suppress the bone-marrowand be the etiological factor inanemia, even though intake, ab-sorption, increased demands andassimilation do not enter the pic-

ture. At this point we shouldnot loose sight of the osteopathicconcept in treatment. If thebody is to function normally theremust be "structural and function-al integrity," and certainly thebone-marrow should not be neg-lected in this generalization.

It is pertinent to repeat inthese diagnostic sketches, brokeninto monthly units, that a blood-count from the laboratory will beof much greater value if we taketime to interpret it in the lightof body function and then setabout to correct the difficulty.

O. Edwin Owen, D. O.

EMBRYOLOGY(Continued From Page One)

rate of contraction. Hence, eventhough the ventricle is the firstpart of the heart to contract, itis soon brought under control ofthe sinoatrial region which per-manently retains its function aspacemaker of the heart.

In the first four lunar monthsof pregnancy fetal heart soundsare not audible, and therefore nodata are available regarding theheart rate during this period. Inthe fifth month the mean ratein a long series of cases is 156;in the ninth month it is approxi-mately 130. There is a marked,though unexplained reduction inrate during passage through thebirth canal, and the rate im-mediately after birth the rate isapproximately 112. It is postu-lated that during intrauterinelife the fetal heart pulsates asrapidly as it can without modi-fication by nervous control. Themyocardium itself is capable ofchanging its rate as shown bythe inhibitory action of muscar-in, carbon dioxide and oxygenlack. These effects are suppos-edly due, however, to direct ac-tion on the pacemaker of theheart rather than by referencethrough nerves, whose cardiacconnections have not been estab-lished at this time. The pro-gressive postnatal slowing of theheart is correlated with the de-velopment of the vagal nervesupply.

Variation in the oxygen andcarbon dioxide content of thematernal blood, per se, does notalter the rate of the fetal heart.However, ligation of the umbili-cal cord produces a markedbradycardia, due, presumably, toasphyxia of the pacemaker re-gion of the fetal heart. Althoughphysiological chemical changesin the blood of the mother donot directly affect the embryonicheart rate, nevertheless uterinecontractions are known to pro-duce fetal variations. Becauseof the inadequacy of cardiac in-nervation, thus precluding theoperation of the Marey, Bain-bridge or MacDowall reflexes,the manner in which the varia-tions in fetal heart rate are pro-duced is not understood.

It is interesting to note thatattempts to make fetal electro-cardiograms are on record, butthese have not been successful.The electrocardiogram of thenewborn infant, however, is simi-

(Continued on Page Four)

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor ... Richard F. Snyder, B. S.

Advisor ............- Arthur D. Becker


Special ProgramFor Civilian Defense

Plans are being rapidly cry-stalized in Des Moines Still Col-lege of Osteopathy for trainingthe entire membership of thestudent body and faculty mem-bers for service in emergency.This program of special trainingwill begin February 21 and is alogical- follow-through of theregular work done in the class ofMilitary Medicine. It is plannedto include all of the classes in thecollege from the beginning Fresh-men to the upper Seniors. Thetraining will incorporate the fol-lowing subjects not only from thetheoretical standpoint but fromthe demonstrated and practicalstandpoint.

The formation of squads anddirections as to how squads shouldproceed.

Control of hemorrhage.Emergency field dressings for

various types of wounds.Shock, how to prevent it and

how to treat it.Burns: Proper dressing and

field emergency care.Fractures: Proper splinting

and protection so that the pa-tient may be moved without ad-ditional trauma.

Bandaging: The applicationsof the cravat bandage, and othertypes of bandaging.

Instructions and practice inmethods of handling injured per-sons, and care necessary in trans-portation to base hospital.

It is planned to have the actualmaterials present and available,in the way of splints, bandages,dressings and all necessary equip-ment to give the work greatestpractical value.

Members of the surgical staffwill cooperate in the instructionfalling in their particular field.This work is being undertaken incooperation with the RegionalCivilian Defense activities andrepresents the desire on the partof Des Moines Still College ofOsteopathy to make its best con-tribution in preparation for emer-gency treatment and care in theevent of any catastrophe. Theentire student body and facultyhave expressed themselves as be-ing not only willing but ambi-tious to undertake this specialtraining. -A. D. B, D. O.

Address ChangesEvery month we receive re-

turned copies due to a change inaddress.

We would appreciate notice ofany change in order that youmay receive your copy of TheLog Book without delay.

STUDENT SELECTIONDr. Arthur D. Becker, President of the college, attended the

first Regional Conference on student recruiting and selection heldin Chicago on February 1. This was an all day conference anda most enthusing and valuable one. Representatives of DivisionalSocieties were present from Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio,Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois and Iowa. AOA officers from Chicago,Washington and St. Louis were also present, as were a numberof AOA officials located in Chicago. Representatives from theChicago College of Osteopathy, the Kirksville College of Osteo-pathy, and the Des Moines College of Osteopathy were alsopresent, contributing to the days program.

This was the first vocational conference of a number which areplanned to be held during the month of February to confer on thematter of student recruiting and student selection. The P. & P.W. Committee has undertaken and is underwriting this very im-portant and directional activity. As a matter of patriotic dutyand as a matter of active cooperation in a most important me-chanism of the Defense Program, it is imperative that we havean increasing number of osteopathic physicians and surgeons madeavailable for the health, safety and interest of civilian groups.It is just as important a part of efficiency and maintenance ofdefense activities that the national health be maintained as is thecreation of a good army and navy personnel. WMe are all in thiswar together. The duty and privilege and opportunity of theosteopathic profession is to conserve the health of the people tothis end. Every osteopathic physician has a definite and personalcontribution to make in the giving of his or her personal attentionin securing capable and qualified students for our osteopathiccolleges. The colleges are well equipped and prepared to makesuch needed changes and adjustments as may be necessary tocooperate in the fullest possible extent with any defense measureinitiated and maintained by our Government. Get behind thecolleges in their efforts to serve. -- A. D. B., D. O.


It was far beyond the span oflife of most of us, in 1874, whenDr. A. T. Still made his first of-ficial statements regarding im-munity and the reaction to in-fection. In the 68 years sincethe inevitable progress of sciencehas built a highway to the gatesof the land that A. T. Still called"Osteopathy." From 1874 untiljust a few years ago Dr. Stilland his recognition of what isnow scientific fact had manyBrutuses, many Judases, andQuislings. Through it all hasrolled with increasing momentumthe pure science of Osteopathy.At times it is evident that prog-ress was bogged down from somany riding along, taking thegolden eggs, giving no true ef-fort to replenishing the bloodbank from which they derived adaily transfusion. That proced;ure has come to an end again, asit has repeatedly in the past butthis time it is evident that a stateof siege is at hand. We can haveno monopoly on pure science andit was never intended that weshould. What happens to theland of Osteopathic reasoningand Osteopathic therapeutics de-pends more than ever upon whatwe do about it. Not just whatwe off handedly think in fleetingmoments, but what we actuallysay, and write, and DO. We havetaken it for granted too longthat while we talked about thedosage of sulfapyridine, the in-jection of hemorrhoids, the enu-cleation of tonsils, the value ofsee-otomy and the dispensing ofplacebo, someone else was talk-ing and doing something aboutOsteopathy, the science thatmakes it possible for all of us topractice and live. Those minorcomplexities of practice are a

part of Osteopathy. They con-stitute only the smaller fingerson the hand of therapy, where-as, osteopathic principles oftherapy and osteopathic manipu-lation are the strongest- thethumb. If we carry osteopathyto its proper place in the heal-ing world or let its principles becarried there by others, withoutus, what any one of us can sayor do will weigh little comparedwith the reverberating rumbleof enthusiasm that the presentemergency demands.

These remarks may be dis-quieting and thev are meant tobe so. As Dr. Becker so oftensays, "This is the time for doingand it takes a lot of doing."

The treatment of lesion path-ology is directly related to thegenerality given above. Havewe asked ourselves when medita-ting on osteopathic treatment,"How many times in the lastyear have I spent five minuteson passive motion after specificarticulation?" Our private an-swer would probably be far lesstime than what we would admitto others. This lack of time in-spite of the fact that to neglectthis type of articular and tissuetreatment is evidence of a lackof concern for the pathology ofthe lesioned area and the effect-iveness of our treatment. Wewill grossly relax the patient byheat, inhibitive pressure, andslow stretching of muscle. Thenwe usually make a thrust that issupposed to carry the upper orlower segment in the direction ofthe plane of motion; then sooften-we stop and say "Comeback Thursday." We stop be-fore we have actually performedthe treatment for which thispreparatory work was done. Wemust relax the patient first orA nrvvr rnr i i im ni rodltlste ourJ. cUJ.laeCL UI 1s i.icl aiicti.

| We must make a specific articu-

lar thrust in possibly, 10% oflesions or motion will be resisted.But the most important part ofthe treatment comes only afterrelaxation of muscle and estab-lishment of articular motion toan average range. In my opin-ion, the articulation throughcomplete range several times bypassive motion is the element intreatment for which we shouldstrive.

The greatest factor in the fac-ilitation of venous and lymphaticreturn is joint motion and thealternate increase and decreaseof pressure within the belly ofthe muscle, produced first bystretching and relaxation of mus-cle and finally by voluntary con-traction and relaxation. Passivemotion has tissue effect. It in-creases the rate of venous andlymphatic return and thereforedecongests the fluid highwaysand permits the establishment ofan active hyperemia. Accelera-tion of the return flow of venousblood and lymph from the tissuesremoves the accumulated prod-ucts of metabolism, normal andabnormal. These products ofmetabolism are the factors thatcreate the H-ion concentrationin the area above the normallevels. It maintains the acidoticedema that in itself embarrassesvenous and lymphatic return,renders the nerves in the areahyper-irritable, produces capil-lary damage, favors fibrosis,maintains muscle contracture,feeds the constant bombardmentof the associated segment of thecord and lateral chain gangliawith conservatively 30 times thenormal number of afferent im-pulses which create great reflexarc disturbance. It is imperativethat the products of pervertedtissue chemistry be removed orthat its effect upon the tissueinvolvement is relieved beforewe can hope to accomplish muchthrough the efferent mechanismupon the original inflammation.Once we have succeeded, ourmanipulation will create an ac-tive hyperemia necessary to re-duce the H-ion concentration toa normal level; to facilitate re-pair, to give normal trophic im-pulses, nutrition and the freeflow of fluid to and through tis-sue. Only then will we haveeffective improvement in anyarea of inflammation.

The local acidosis loweredin an area of inflammation wastermed by Dr. Still back in 1874"a souring of the tissues" andhe had no electro-potentiometerto help him. Today we call itan increased H-ion concentra-tion, but it is the same "egg"and it has the same effect uponthe colloidal tissues now that itdid in 1874. Dr. Still emphasizedthat the tissues had to be drainedof the sour fluid that congestedand irritated them; sweetened bya normal blood supply before in-flammation could be combated.

It is astounding to realize thatthe effective osteopathic treat-ment used today was envisionedby Dr. Still so many years ago.By 1982 we will probably learnenough to understand a fewmore of the directions he gaveto\ Ilc

I -Byron E. Laycock

-I

THE LOG BOOK

I 3.O T0

Civilian DefenseL. L. Facto, D. O., Des Moines,

chairman of the Society's Coun-cil on Defense and Preparednessfor Polk County, has been ap-pointed a member of the MedicalAdvisory Council of the city ofDes Moines and County of PolkCivilian Defense Council by thechairman of that body, MayorMark L. Conkling.

H. D. Wright, D. O., Hampton,trustee and chairman of the So-ciety's Council on Defense andPreparedness for Franklin Coun-ty, has been appointed a mem-ber of the Medical AdvisoryCouncil of the Franklin CountyCivilian Defense Council.

L. R. McNichols, D. O., Carroll,chairman of the Society's Coun-cil on Defense and Preparednessfor Carroll County, has beennamed a member of the emerg-ency service unit of the CarrollCounty Civilian Defense Council.

Home iGuard - IowaCivil Air Patrol

B. D. Elliott, D. O., Oskaloosa,trustee and chairman of the So-ciety's Council on Defense andPreparedness for Mahaska Coun-ty, has been named personnelmedical officer of Squadron 14 inIowa's Civil Air Patrol.

Spring District MeetingsThe spring District Circuit

meetings will be held as follows:District I-March 29, Cedar

Rapids.District II-April 1, Atlantic.District III-April 3, Ottumwa.District IV-March 30, Hamp-

ton.District V-March 31, Sioux

City.District VI-April 2, Perry.

Convention ExhibitsSince the last issue of The Log

Book, the following companieshave contracted for exhibit spaceat the Society convention on May6 and 7, 1942:

The Surgical Supply Company,Omaha; C. B. Fleet Company,Lynchburg, Virginia; Iowa Cata-lyn Company, Des Moines; TheOttawa General Hospital andArthritis Sanatorium, Ottawa,Illinois; and Physicians and Hos-pitals Supply Company, Minne-apolis.

Radio CommitteeL. A. Nowlin, D. O., member

of the Radio Committee, repre-sening the profession at stationWHBF, Rock Island, reportsthat the officials of that stationhave agreed to carry the new"V" series public service pro-grams prepared by the Divisionof Public and Professional Wel-fare of the American OsteopathicAssociation.

Dr. Golden HonoredMary E. Golden, D. O., vice

president of the Iowa Society ofOsteopathic Physicians and Sur-geons, has been elected Presidentof the Greater Des Moines Coun-cil of Camp Fire Girls.

Applications for MembershipWilliam T. Ferguson, Corydon.John C. Edgerton, Boone.-Dwight S. James, Sec.-Treas.

EMBRYOLOGY(Continued From Page Two)

lar in type to that of the adultwith the exception that there isa preponderance of activity onthe right side of the heart. Thisfinding is correlated with theanatomical observation that, atbirth, the right ventricle out-weighs the left by about thirteenpercent. The prominence of theleft side of the heart, character-istic of the adult, is not attaineduntil the second or third post-natal month.

Blood PressureIn humans, only umbilical ar-

terial pressure is available forstudy. In the newborn this isapproximately 75 mm. Hg; in asingle reading of a prematureinfant taken during caesareanoperation, the pressure wasfound to be 58 mm. Hg, indicat-ing that the intrauterine valueof this variable is not likely tobe very different from that ofthe infant at normal birth. Fol-lowing the first movements ofrespiration there is a rapid risein arterial pressure, believed tobe accounted for by sympatheticvasoconstriction and cardioaccel-eration., The afferent limb of thereflexes responsible for these ef-fects is thought to have originin the diaphragmatic and otherinspiratory musculature. Suchearly postnatal cardioaccelera-tion, even though transitory,would indicate that sympatheticinnervation has reached theheart (or at least is functional)before the inhibitory parasym-pathetic fibers have establishedcardiac connection.

Venous pressure of late humanfetuses is approximately 25 mm.Hg. Since both arterial andvenous pressures vary with uter-ine contractions, uterine motilityshould not be overlooked as afactor in venous return of thefetus.

Fetal CirculationThe circulation time has been

estimated in human fetuses to be30 seconds; after birth the timeis approximately 60 seconds.

No blood volume data for hu-man fetuses are recorded, butthe average quantity immediate-ly after birth is 156 cc. per kilo-gram body weight. By inferencefrom findings in other mammals,it may be said that the amountof blood in the fetus shows verylittle increase during the lastthird of gestation. During thisperiod about one fourth of thefetal blood is found in the place-nta; at half-term, on the otherhand, the blood is divided aboutevenly between placenta andfetus. This is explained, ofcourse, by the fact that the fetusgrows after midterm at a muchfaster rate than the placenta. Itis interesting, in this regard, thatthe rate of flow of blood throughthe unbilical circuit in the lastthird of pregnancy is twice thatat half-term; moreover, there isa virtually identical increase inrate of flow through the mater-nal side of the placenta. Thisfinding points to the necessity ofmaintaining adequate uterinetone and circulation during thelast months of pregnancy in or-der that the nutritional respira-

tory and excretory exchanges ing provisions: (1) Mixing of thein the fetus may be accomplished. superior and inferior caval

Course of the Fetal Blood streams does occur in the rightThere are three main theories atrium; (2) more umbilical blood

about the course of the fetal gets to the left atrium than toblood, and these differ chiefly the right ventricle, by virtue ofwith respect to (1) the degree the shunting effect of the valveof mixing which occurs in the of the inferior vena cava whichheart between the inferior and directs the blood through thesuperior caval streams, and (2) foramen ovale; (3) pulmonarythe degree to which the pulmon- veins return approximately asary circulation functions. The much blood to the heart as theclassical theory of Sabatier, umbilical vein, at least in thewhich is substantiated by anato- late fetus; (4) if there is mix-mical observation, cinemicro- ture of the caval streams, andgraphy and the injection of a if there is loss of oxygen in thecolored paste into dead human pulmonary circuit, then the low-embroyos, states that the blood er half of the body must receivefrom the inferior vena cava is less oxygenated blood that theshunted by a valve from the heart and upper half of the body.right atrium to the left atrium. Changes in Circulation At BirthBlood from the superior vena Obviously, the first major oc-cava, emptying into the right currence at birth is the cessationatrium, is believed to cross the of the placental circulation. Theinferior caval stream without umbilical arteries soon constrict,mixing and enter the right ven- allowing no more blood to leavetricle directly. The blood leaving the fetus. About 50 cc. of bloodthe right ventricle through the drain from the placenta into thepulmonary trunk would be fetus in the first minute aftershunted into the aorta through birth, and approximately 100 cc.the ductus arteriosus. Blood on in the next 30 minutes.the left side of the heart would As soon as the umbilical ves-leave by the aorta. This path- s e e lil w

waypr es forsupplyreach the heart, since the infer-heart and upper half of the body r vena cava cannot be presum-

with relatively well oxygenated ed to expand imm ediately. Theblood, but it does not take into blood previously flowing through

account the draintage from the the umbilical arteries is possiblypulmonary circuit. accommodated by opening up

By injection of a starch mass capillary networks of the new-

into both superior caval and by subsequently born, in response to new muscu-bilical veins and by subsequently lar work of the infant, includingcounting the starch grains which the maintenance of tone.were present in the right and onleft ventricles, Pohlman and Kel- As less blood enters the rightlogg concluded that there was atrium following the closure ofthorough mixing of the superior the placental circuit its fillingand inferior caval blood. If such pressure declines. This causes abe the case, the heart and upper difference of pressure on the twoportion of the body will receive sides of the heart, and conse-blood which is no more highly quently, a closure of the fora-oxygenated than that passing men ovale. A secondary forcethrough the aorta and umbilical assisting in the closure of thearteries. Suppose, however, that foramen ovale results from anan appreciable return to the left increased pressure on the leftheart occurred by way of the side of the heart. This is broughtpulmonary veins. Now, if equal about in the following way. Withconcentrations of starch grains inspiration a negative intrathor-are found in the right and left acic pressure is created, loweringventricles, it is obvious that mix- peripheral resistance in the largeing could not have occurred on pulmonary vessels; the rightthe right side of the heart; for, ventricular systolic pressureif mixing had occurred, the therefore decreases. The leftstarch on the left side, diluted ventricular pressure increaseswith pulmonary blood, would be with increase in systemic vaso-less concentrated. motor tone. With increased

Patten and Toulmin, by meas- flow through the lungs, left in-uring the orifices of the vessels tra-atrial pressure will increase,entering and leaving the heart, thus permanently closing thearrived at the conclusion that valve of the foramen ovale.there was probably an appreci- The ductus arteriosus nowable pulmonary circulation. This closes, but the manner in whichconclusion is supported by the this is accomplished in the hu-following, totally unrelated man is not understood. Intimalsources of evidence. (1) The Fe pads are present in late fetaland Hb content of the apneic, life, and occlusion is thought toprenatal lung is virtually identi- occur by a process similar to thatcal with the Fe and Hb content found in endarteritis obliterans.of the breathing, postnatal lung; Patency is frequently observed atit is estimated that 5% of the autopsy in infants, and persist-fetal blood is present in the lungs ence of this condition for severalbefore birth. (2) Radiographic years is not rare. Such a con-records also indicate a large dition predisposes to bacterialquantity of blood in the fetal endocarditis and throws a greaterlungs. (3) In a case of congeni- load on the left ventricle, lead-tal stenosis of the pulmonary ing to cardiac decompensation.veins, the left ventricle develops If the ductus remains patentonly about half its normal ca- over a period of days, or evenpacity and muscular power. weeks, after birth it would seem

In view of the evidence and that a murmur betraying thisopinions presented above, it fact should be heard. However,would seem that the "modern" such is not the case.theory should include the follow- -Hugh Clark

THEEntered as second classmatter, February 3rd, 1923,at the post office at DesMoines, Iowa, under the *act of August 24th, 1912.Ci`LOGBOOK T Accepted for mailing at

special rates of postageprovided for in Section1103, Act of Oct. 3rd, 1917,authorized Feb. 3rd, 1923.


Volume 20 MARCH 15, 1942 NUMBER 3

Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Aids in Disease of the

PancreasThis is the first in a series of

papers designed to give the prac-tition:er a concise index of thevalue of the laboratory in moderndiagnostic procedure.

In general the major diseasesof the pancreas may be listed inthe order of their frequency asfollows:1. Diabetes mellitus.p. Acute non-hemmorhagic pan-

creatitis.3. Acute pancreatic necrosis.4. Chronic pancreatitis.5. Tumors of the pancreas result-

ing in hyper-insulinism or hy-poglycemia.

6. Functional hypoglycemia.We will in this first paper con-

sider Diabetes Mellitus. It isestimated by Joslin that thereare 500,000 diabetics in the UnitedStates. In a study of the recentmortality statistics diabetes ranksninth as a cause of death in theregistration area; considerableimportance is attached to the factthat in the last four decadesthere has been a progressive in-crease in the life expectancy ofthe diabetic, especially past theage of forty.

Briefly the laboratory aids inthe diagnosis and control of thediabetic may be divided into thefollowing:1. Qualitative and quantitative

estimation of Glycosuria andKetonuria.

2. Blood chemistry study, asblood sugar and blood lipidsespecially cholesterol.

3. -Glucose tolerance.From the laboratory stand-


Dr. Becker's ActivitiesDr. Arthur D. Becker, presi-

dent of the College, attendedthe Ohio State-wide meeting ofdistrict chairmen and represen-tatives held in Columbus, Ohioon March 8th. This meeting washeld in furtherance of the na-tional program initiated andsponsored by the American Os-teopathic Association and the P.& P. W. committee having todo with student selection andvocational guidance. Dr. Beckerreports a fine meeting. Beforereturning to Des Moines aboutApril 1st, Dr. Becker will holdseveral conferences with alumnigroups in Ohio, Michigan, Wis-consin and Minnesota, having todo with college affairs and de-velopments.

He will speak before severalorganizations and hold inter-views with prospective studentsfor the new class which enrollsJune 15th.

The next class to be enrolled at

Des MoinesStill College of Osteopathy

iwill start

ON JUNE 15th, 1942Entrance qualification required is two full years of collegecredit from an accredited college or university withoutspecification of subject matter.

War Emergency MeasuresIn Osteopathic Education

All universities and colleges, especially those turning outphysicians and surgeons and graduates in the other highly trainedprofessions, have found themselves faced with the necessity ofadopting some war emergency measures in order to serve betterin the victory program and to help overcome shortages in grad-uates. The American Osteopathic Association has announced thefollowing war emergency measures in osteopathic education, whichare of interest to students contemplating the study of osteopathy:

Approved colleges of osteopathy and surgery have beengranted permission by the American Osteopathic Association,their accrediting agency, to eliminate summer vacations for theduration olf the war, in order to graduate students in three yearsof 12 months each instead of the standard four of nine monthseach, as a means of helping to alleviate the doctor shortage.

Each approved osteopathic college will continue to requiretwo years of college work for entrance, and for matriculation ineach of the colleges; this preparatory work will remain the sameas in 1941.

As stated in Higher Education and National Defense BulletinNo. 18, issued by the American Council on Education, osteopathyis included among the list of fields for which occupational defer-ment for individual students may be granted by Selective Service.Authority for the deferment of osteopathic students in individualcases is contained in official memoranda issued by the SelectiveService System (1-19 and 1-217). The Selective Service Mem-oranda were issued following a report by the Office of ProductionManagement that "it seems that the national interest would bestbe served by permitting osteopathic students to complete theirtraining" The same memoranda listed osteopathic practitioners asamong those deferable in individual cases as necessary men incivilian practice.

Students should enroll provisionally in osteopathic collegeswhen they start their preparatory college work, so that the osteo-pathic colleges of their choice may guide them to their bestadvantage in pre-osteopathic study and so that the intention ofthe students to study osteopathy may be a matter of record inthe osteopathic college.

It has become obvious that there will be need and opportunityfor more women doctors in civilian practice to replace men enter-ing military service. Women and men are equally eligible forentrance to the approved osteopathic colleges, and some of themost successful osteopathic physicians and specialists now inpractice are women.

EMBRYOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY OF THE FETUS

RespirationThe process of respiration is

customarily divided into threephases: external respiration, in-ternal respiration and breathing.It is easily recognizable that theproblems of fetal respiration aregreatly modified from those ofthe adult. Indeed, the methodsemployed by the fetus for oxygen-ation of its blood more closelyresemble those of an aquatic ani-mal than those of the air-breath-ing human adult. Internal re-spiration in the fetus presumablyparallels closely the correspond-ing processes of the adult, thoughthe question of fetal respiratoryenzymes has not been satisfactor-ily answered; external respirationof the fetus involves the exchangeof gases between the maternalblood and fetal blood in the pla-centa; fetal breathing movementsas might be expected, can be de-tected rather early in the life ofthe fetus. Each aspect of re-spiration in the fetus will now bebriefly discussed.

Plasmotrophic NutritionUntil three weeks after fertili-

zation the problem of oxygena-tion and nutrition of the embryois solved very simply by the di-rect transfer of metabolic ma-terials to the embryo from uter-ine sinuses to the syncytial chor-ion of the embryo. This is; ac-complished solely by diffusionsince circulation in the embryo isnot yet established. This primi-tive mode of nutrition is desig-nated cytotrophic or plasmotro-phic.

Concomitant with the develop-ment of the embryonic circula-tion the chorion becomes dif-ferentiated so that the nutritivevilli penetrate and ramifythroughout the uterine mucosa.With the inception of the em-bryonic placenta and circulationhemotrophic nutrition is estab-lished, for there is an exchange-from the mother's blood stream to.the fetal, umbilical circuit for-distribution. This method of nu-trition continues, of course, untilbirth. For the moment, only therole of the placenta and the em-bryonic circulation will be con-sidered.

ErythrocytesRed blood corpuscles are first


BirthDr. and Mrs. J. R. Forbes of

Swea City announce the arrivalof a son, March 5. Dr. Forbesis a Still College graduate andformer editor of the Log Book.

Ski

<hi

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1

THE LOG BOOK

The newly elected president,Robert Bennington has the fra-ternity functioning as a unit oncemore. In a meeting held at Tay-lor Clinic new committees wereappointed and the bowling leagueschedule drawn up. This semes-ter Jack Lilly is in charge ofbanquets and entertainment; M.B. Landis, John Link and Cy DesLauries make up the member-ship committee; Bill Ball andL. Gaudet are in charge of initia-tions; while Vice PresidentMaurice Geraghty is the inter-fraternity council representative.

Besides sponsoring the bowlingleague this year, the Sigma Sig-ma Phi have one of the leadingteams. The roster is made up byBennington, Landis, Lilly, Ger-aghty, Link, Rundels and Went-ling. Two of the men, Benn-ington and Wentling have roll-ed the high score of the year, a198 single game.

The next meeting of the or-ganization, a banquet will be heldat the Tally Ho Club Wednesday,March 11th.

0. O. W.

A banquet meeting of Psi Sig-ma Alpha was held February 18,1942 at Younker's Cremona room.

Judge Powers was the speakerof the evening, giving a very

AnAt our regular noon meeting

for the month of February MaryKlesner was elected to office ofrecording secretary.

Friday evening, February 27th,Mildred Weygandt entertainedthe actives and honorary members at her residence at whichtime the regular business meet-ing was conducted and followedby a social hour and lovely lunch.Mrs. Laycock extended an invita-tion to the sorority to spend asocial evening, at Avon Lakesometime in the near future. Mrs.Becker told the girls they weregiven a standing invitation to useher home for meetings wheneverthey wished. Needless to say, weshall accept both gracious offers.

Our president, M. Wegandt,installed Mary Klesner as record-ing secretary at this meeting.

-M. W.

On Wednesday evening, Febru-ary 18, Iota Tau Sigma held itssmoker for the new freshmenclass in the form of a dinner atthe Garden of Italy. Thirty-onemen were in attendance. Aftera splendid dinner short talks weregiven by Drs. Cash, Fisher andSloan; Bob Hatchitt and BobBennington. Dr. Marshall H.Soneson, interne at Des Moinest /njnx-, 1 ,,xy i >+,-,Pr A--, l --,, T-1,i

eilertiLining taiK. clileai, was iIlouuC'f Uy U r.

We are happy to announce Cash. Dr. Soneson, a recentthat at our next meeting, March graduate of the Chicago College11, the initiation of the following of Osteopathy gave an interest-members, into the fraternity will ing account of the activities oftake place, Jim Booth, Douglas Iota Tau Sigma in that institu-Franz, Willo Dunbar. tion.

-R. D. Ellsworth Haynes, president ofthe new freshmen class, favoredus with a very fine recitation.

All those present seemed to

Since the last issue of the Log have had a most enjoyable eve-Book, there have been many ning.changes in Delta chapter of Phi We extend congratulations toSigma Gamma. Outstanding William More, who recentlyamong these is the pledging of pledged the fraternity.-Gail Boyd and Jack Yarham ofDes Moines, and Ellsworth Hay-nes of Columbus, Ohio. NewU ) CL )blood is always welcomed intothe fraternity and we really got for the new freshmen was helda transfusion on Sunday, March o e new rehen was he

on February 16 and we wereCrotty, Herbert Harris, Patik glad to have many of the localCrotty , H erbert Harris, Patrick

alumni present. Since then theLorbari, Gustav Peterson, Rich- ofingard Snyder, and Victor Zimclub has had the pleasure ofard Snyder, and Victor Zima re-ceived their second and third de- placing pledge-pins on the fol-grees. After the initiation, the lowing new men: Ken Blair, CarlNagy, Star Kwiatkowski, andchapter held an informal lunch- Nagy, Stan Kwiatkowski, andeon for the new brothers, activesBarton Nelson.and alumni at Red's Barbeque. We were honored a short

Under the able management of time ago by a surprise visit fromHenry Shade, the Phi Sig's bowl- one of our recent graduates, Dr.ing team is leading the Sigma John P. Engeman, who returnedSigma Phi interfraternity bowl- to Des Moines for a few daysing league with nine wins and no vacation. Dr. Engeman at thelosses. Keep up the good work present time is practicing in Mt.boys! Pleasant, Michigan.

Unlike most fraternity house During the past few weeks itcommittees, ours has really gone was quite a surprise to everyoneto work with concentrated effort to learn that Paul Senk has beenon getting the house in condition married for almost two years andfor spring starting from the out- that his wife is now living hereside with a new neon sign and in Des Moines. We also extendputting a few new touches to the our heartiest congratulations torecreation room. Orchids also go Scott Heatherington upon his re-to our secretary, Herb Clausing cent marriage. The club wishesfor his efforts to keep in con- both of these couples the best oftact with our alumni. everything in the future.

H. G. H. --G E.

DESERT-ATIONS

It is a real pleasure to live atthe cross-roads (Las Cruces).The past several weeks havebrought visitors that have addedto the joy of living if only for afew minutes. Dr. and Mrs.Schoolcraft of South Dakota, Dr.and Mrs. J. P. and Dr. JoeSchwartz, Drs. George Widneyand Jon Hagy and Dr. R. W. Rit-ter. Also several friends who arenot members of the professionhave stopped, all of these seekingsome respite from the extremecold of points north. With flow-ers in the garden for the pastmonth it is an added delight toparade these and wonder why somany folks suffer the discomfortsof severe weather until thebreaking point. We are expect-ing J. P. and his wife and Joeback any day now and Joe issupposed to lose twenty pounds

I have a paper from Honoluluand it is interesting to note thetext of it in addition to an im-portant announcement. Dr. MaxBergau has been appointed amember of the Osteopathic Ex-amining Board. The paper wasdated January 3 but did not reachme until the middle of February.

The season soon starts that willbring you together for statemeetings. With the great needfor intensified attention to ourstudent problem, I hope that eachconvention will have some excel-lent reports on the newer or-ganization plans for cooperationwith the A. O. A. The past fouryears have seen some sincere ef-forts along that line but with lit-tle in the way of results. Ourcoming Chicago conventionshould bring together our verybest talent in this division of thework for we now have a crisisthat must be met wth action in-stead of words.

The family is now scattered.Morrie is probably on his way toIreland and the two grandchild-ren with their parents have beensent deeper into the heart ofTexas. Coca-cola is getting scarceand planes seem to be up anddown the valley continuously.The war seems to be gettingnearer. The office continues tohelp keep patients on their feet soperhaps we are doing our littlebit also.

H. V. H.

The Osteopathic Women's Col-lege Club held a party for thehusbands at the Atlas Club onMarch 6th. Games, dancing, anda hearty lunch were the orderof the evening. Two of the new-lyweds, Scott Heatherington andGerald Dierdorff, provided theentertainment.

The committee of Nadine Tay-lor and Bernadine 'Geraghty arein line for hearty congratulationsfor the well planned and enjoy-able evening.

-P. S.

Laboratory Diagnosis(Continued From Page One)

point perhaps the first evidenceof altered pancreatic function willbe the appearance of reducingsubstances in the urine. Withthe use of the standardised Bene-dict technique, in the absence ofsuch preservatives as chloroform,chloral, and formaldehyde thereducing substance may be con-sidered to be glucose. Benedictssolution, however, is reduced inthe presence of uric acid and mod-erate amounts of protien, as al-bumin, on prolonged boiling. Thepresence of any quantity of thealkaptone acids, or the conjugat-ed glycuronic acids, even on mod-erate heating, will yield a positivereaction.

In the presence of increasedurine out-put ,an elevation in thespecific gravity, and the presenceof reducing substance in theurine, that has been demonstratedto be glucose, careful study mustbe made to rule out the possibil-ity of diabetes as records showthat on the average only one outof six persons showing a definiteglycosuria is proven to be a non-diabetic. A deficiency in carbohy-drate metabolism results in animpairment of the normal fatmetabolism and the appearanceof substances in the urine thatmay be attributed to the incom-plete oxidation of the fatty acids,these will include: acetone, ace-toacetic (diacetic) acid and b-oxybutric acid. All of these sub-stances may be demonstrated bythe proper procedure, acetone be-ing the most frequently found.It should be remembered how-ever tha acetone and the otherby products of faulty fat meta-bolism are also indication of car-bohydrate deficiency and otherallied conditions.

Blood SugarThe same factors influence the

choice of method for the evalua-tion of the blood sugar as did themethods for urinary sugar. Theolder methods did little to excludethe non-sugar reducing sub-stances. The newer proceduresutilizing a properly prepared pro-tien-free filtrate, using thestandard Folin method, are asnearly specific for the trueamount of glucose as can be ob-tained. According to convention,the values are to be determinedin the morning after a twelvehour fast, by this method thenormal concentration should bebetween 70 and 100 mg. percent.In the case of dibetes the con-entration should be elevated,however in the broader line casesthe morning specimen may be inth normal range. The fact re-mains in the diabetic we aredealing with improper utilizationof glucose by the individual; andthe more rational approach wouldseem to be the determination ofthe glucose concentration onehour following a normal meal.

The Glucose Tolerance 'TestThe reliability of the glucose

tolerance test has been question-ed by many authors, howeverlittle doubt remains, that withcareful evalution, the test maybe relyed on. In principle the

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor....Richard F. Snyder, B. S.

Advisor.............Arthur D. Becker


test is designed to plot the abil-ity of the patient to utilize anddispose of an acurately measuredquantity of glucose. In the caseof the normal individual the fol-lowing facts will be obtained:(1) The fasting sugar level willbe in the normal range. (2) Thehighest concentration will not ex-ceed 170 mg percent. (3) Thesugar level will return to normalin a period of two hours. Inthe case of the diabetic the re-sults obtained will generally bequite distinctive: (1) The fastinglevel will generally be above thenormal level. (2) The highest con-centration will exceed 170 mgpercent, and a definite glycosuriawill be present. (3) The returnto the original level may be de-layed as long as four hours.

The college laboratory uses theExton one hour, two dose test.The procedure is as follows:

100 grams of glucose are dis-solved in 650 c.c. of water andallowed to cool, then flavoredwith lemon and divided into twoequal portions,1. Blood and urine samples are

collected and the first dose ofglucose is given.

2. Thirty minutes after the in-gestion of the glucose bloodand urine samples are againtaken; and the second portionof the glucose administered.

3. Thirty minutes later a thirdblood and urine sample aretaken.

The blood samples are then runby the standard Folin method,the results plotted, and judged bythe above criteria.

Blood Lipids

The blood cholesterol level maybe taken as an index of fat meta-bolism of the body. The normalvalues for the cholesterol levelare given as 130 to 190 mg. per-cent with an average of 150 mgpercent. There is a direct cor-relation between the efficiency ofcarbohydrate utilization and thelipid content of the blood, withan increase in carbohydrate utili-zation we have a decrease in thelipid content, therefore the mostvaluable way to follow the effectof insulin administration is to fol-low the cholesterol level. Whilethe cholesterol level of the bloodremains at near normal level inthe diabetic it is safe to assumethat the fundamental disorder ofmetabolism is under control.

The college laboratory uses theLeiboff method of estimation, us-ing whole blood. This method isreliable as it is simple, and thepossiblity of error through fre-quent dilution and transferenceis -obviated.

-R. C. Rogers


Before considering the reflexarc in any detail it is highlyimportant to think a bit aboutwhat we call Osteopathic lesionpathology. This lesion path-ology is an integral part of themechanism of reflex arc disturb-ance to a viscus and the resultalso of reflex arc expression.

The macroscopic and micro-scopic changes in the lesionarea are those of either or both:

1. Joint sprain and soft tissuetrauma or 2, Soft tissue strainand chemical myositis. Thereis nothing mysterious about thething we call osteopathic lesionpathology. The lesion may beacute or chronic. It may becaused primarily by trauma orsecondarily by altered mechan-ics or reflex arc disturbance.The chain of progressive changesthat occurs in the lesion area isfairly much the same whetherthe lesion is primary or second-ary. If the lesion is primarythen the maximum efiect of thetrauma is first on the muscle,peri and intra-articular tissue andthen the nerve tissue becomes in-volved proportionality. If thelesion is due to reflex arc expres-sion or disturbance, the maximumeffect is first on the nerve tissue,then the neuromuscular area inthe blood vessels and the muscletissue and then the other tissuesIf the lesion is due to compensa-tion mechanical factors the in-flammatory changes develop tothe same degree in each of thetissues in the vertebral area andthe other areas, at the sametime.

After the lesion pathology hasbeen developing for 48 to 72hours it is highly improbable thata cross section of the tissueswould reveal whether the lesionwas primary or secondary unlessan area of direct trauma werecut into accidently. Early thenwould be visable local areas ofintense capillary hemorrhage andvenous rupture that would beabsent in a reflex or compensa-tory lesions. There the capillarydamage would be distributed ingradations with no definite lineof demarcation. Early in thetraumatic lesion there is the ele-ment of sudden hemorrhage, rup-ture of cells, local intense capil-lary damage, jamming of articu-lar surfaces, impingement ofsynovial membrane. Local trau-ma may cause a temporary para-lysis of the muscle and duringthose hours there may thereforeexist an hypermobility. The ar-ticulations, unguarded by theusual segmentally supervised pro-tective muscle tonus become in-creasingly traumatized by thistransient hypermobility. Theearly reflex effect of this trau-matic hypermobility is great anda minority of lesions remain inthis state and a few that fall be-tween areas of hypomobiity mayremain compensatorily hypermo-bile but definitely traumaticnever the less.

Usually however, with theabove mentioned traumatic fac-tors there is a concomitant me-chanical stimulus to the muscle

tissue and it resultantly and im-mediately undergoes contracturalspasm.

The traumatic rupture of thecontinuity of tissue, capillarydamage, hemorrhage, etc., re-sults in the liberation of Boyd'sH substance, a Histamin. Vaso-dilation results. One of twothings happen. Either the mus-cle tissues relaxes, the motionthen possible facilitates V & Lreturn, and the active hyperemianeutralizes and repairs the re-sults of the trauma; or if thetissue damage is too great or ifthe muscle remains in spasm thenthe vasodilation only contributesto the engorgement in the muscle,nerve, and synovial tissues andacute inflammation results. Themuscle spasticity in itself is agreat factor in maintaining astate of V & L congestion ofmuscle joint motion and musclecontraction and relaxation con-stitute the most important ele-ments in the facilitation of V &L return. From here on thepathology that develops is in noway dissimilar to that that re-sults from another etiologicalfactor except of course in thosefew areas of direct trauma.

In a reflex or compensatorylesion the neuritic factor is mani-fested first. The processes of theproduction of this neuritic factorin disease of a viscus or disturb-ance of the somatico-somatic re-flex arc has been touched uponand will be taken up in moredetail. The segmental hyperirrit-ablity, the lowered synaptic re-sistance, the canalization andsummation mechanics are all apart of the lesion but the effecton tissue is the element underobservation at present. There isthe increased number of impulsesflowing to the muscle maintain-ing its contraction and at thesame time a continuous streamof impulses flowing along thegrey rami and the post-ganglionicfibers to the blood vessels thatsupply the muscle. There is coin-cidently then a stimulation to themuscle producing work and astimulation to the blood vesselsproducing an ischemic factor ofconsiderable importance. Theprolonged ischemia and the te-tanic contracture of the musclehas a dual effect. The absenceof the relaxation phase disturbsgreatly the reformation of glu-cose from lactic acid and theacidity thus produced is storedand is cellularly and chemicallytraumatic. It is a maintainingfactor and an irritant predispos-ing to further physiologic dis-cord and subsequent pathology.The contracture of muscle if un-relieved creates an obstacle onthe V & L side and maintains thestorage of the acid radicals thatrender the sensory nerve termin-als hyperirritabile and canalizesthe somatico-somatic and somati-co-visceral reflexes further. Heretoo, the chemical insult to thetissues due to fatigue toxins willcause a liberation of Boyds Hsubstance and vasodilation willoccur. If the muscle will relaxand permit motion to facilitatereturn then the active hypermiawill usually repair. If however,the stimulation to the muscle is

maintained then the active hy-peremia only contributes to thecongestion produced by the fail-ure to facilitate return.

From here on the pathologycan not be differentiated fromthat due to other etiologic fac-tors. The muscle contractureimpedes V & L return and causesa continual increase in the con-centration of the acid products ofthe metabolism normal and ab-normal.

Muscle tissue has, a lower pHthan most other tissues and theH ion concentration becomes ofpathological importance in sev-eral different ways, in the lesionarea. First and most obvious isthe storage of fluid. Colloidaltissue in a relative or actual acidmedium imbibes fluid. Intra andextra-cellular edema results. Thisedema may be marked enough tobe visable, very frequently canbe palpated in the lesion area, itis always seen in section of ex-perimental tissue in any area ofinflammation. Acidotic edemaproduces 1. Cellular trauma, 2.Capillary damage, 3. Pressure orsensory terminals, 4. Hyper-irrit-ability of sensory terminals, 5.Maintained muscle contracture,6. Impaired mobility, 7. Increasedpressure within the joint capsule,8. Impairment to V & L return,9, Alters metabolism and troph-ism, 10. Holds in solution meta-bolic products and forms a fur-ther increase in the H ion con-centration.

Physiologists have establishedbeyond question the existence ofthese and other points in the areaof inflammation.

1. Acidophilic dye injected intolesion areas and into normal tis-sue stains the abnormal tissuesin the segment of the lesion anddoes not stain normal tissue.

2. Section of the lesion tissueshows intra and extra-cellularedema. Nuclei are found shiftedeccentrically and even the stain-ing of sections is impaired. Innerve tissue Nissl's granules aregreatly diminished or totally ab-sent in many cells.

3. Potentiometric determinationof the pH in lesioned muscle inanimals and humans shows ashift from 7.3 to 7.0 frequentlyand in actute inflammations alowered pH to the amount of .5below normal averages is fre-quently encountered.

These factors demonstrate avast change in the bio-chemistryand physiology in the lesion area.

-Byron E. Laycock

Bowling News

The bowling skill of Dr. J. W.Woods has once more come tothe front. Dr. ,Woods has thehighest average in the bowlingleague after three weeks of closecompetition. The high five av-erages are: Woods 157; Nagy150, Shade 150, Kwiatkowski 150,and Wentling 147.

The Phi Sigma Gamma teamafter a relapse in '41 are againat the top in league standing. Theresults to date are: PSG 9-0;Faculty 6-3; SSP 4-2; LOG 5-4;Atlas 5-4; OWCC 3-6; DO 2-4;ITS 1-8, and PSA 0-6.

_ I

i

THE LOG BOOK

I 3a F.~ -P. e.Civilian Defense

W. D. Andrews, D. O., Algona,chairman of the Society's Councilon Defense and Preparedness forKossuth County, has been nameda member of the Medical Advis-ory Council of the Kossuth Coun-ty Civilian Defense Council.

Vocational GuidanceMary E. Golden, D. O., vice

president of the Iowa Society andDwight S. James, secretary andattorney, attended a school of in-struction on Vocational Guidanceat Chicago, Illinois, on Sunday,February 1, 1942, conducted bythe Division of Public and Pro-fessional Welfare of the Ameri-can Osteopathic Association. Oth-er divisional societies representedat the meeting were Minnesota,Vvisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, In-diana, Ohio and Kentucky.

Following this meeting John Q.A. Mattern, D. O., chairman ofthe Vocational Guidance commit-tee of this society, in co-opera-tion with Presicent Jordan, be-gan the development of a state-wide vocational guidance pro-gram through the selection ofcounty Chairmen, to representtne profession in each County, instudent selection and guidance.

County Chairmen who havethus far accepted this responsi-oility are:

B. M. Hudson, Charles City,Floyd County; Kay Y. Yazarian,Traer, Tama County; G. I. Noe,Sheldon, O'Brien County; Theo.M. Tueckes, Davenport, ScottCounty; Paul E. Eggieston, Win-terset, Madison County; C. N.Maughan, Leon, Decatur County;H. Lachmiller, Clarion, WrightCounty; H. H. Jennings, MasonCity, Cerro Gordo County; E. W.McWilliams, Coiumous ounction,Louisa County; Walter G. Nel-son, Sidney, F'remont County; C.E. Worster, Laurens, PocahontasCounty; J. C. Bishop, Rock Rap-ids, Lyon County; Sherman Opp,Creston, Union County; SaraMiller, Sigley, Osceola County;L. J. Swift, Monticello, JonesCounty; N. A. Cunningham, Mar-shalltown, Marshall County.

District MeetingsMary E. Golden, D. O., vice

president of the society, will rep-riesent the state organization attne spring district meetings. Shewill, among other things, conducta school of instruction on voca-tional guidance at each meeting.

Dr. Harold D. McClure, direc-tor of clinics and professor ofneurology at the Kirksville Col-lege of Osteopathy and Surgerywill also be on the program. Hewill lecture on "Diseases of theCentral Nervous System" and"Diagnostic Points for YourPractice."

Second District ChangesConvention Location

C. R. Ayers, D. 0., presidentof the Second District Society ofOsteopathic Physicians and Sur-geons, reports the location ofthat district's convention hasbeen changed to Council Bluffs.The meeting will be held at HotelChieftain in that city.

Radio CommitteeLeo Sturmer, D. 0., a member

of the Radio Committee repre-senting the osteopathic professionat station KFNF, Shenandoah,has completed arrangements withthat station's officials to carrypublic service programs. Theprograms will be the new "Vic-tory series" prepared by the Di-vision of Public and ProfessionalWelfare of the A. O. A, and willbe heard over that station everyother Sunday at 1:45 p. m. Thenext program will be Sunday,March 22.

Dr. Benz Enters NavyFritz Benz, D. O., Quasqueton,

enlisted as Chief PharmacistsMate in the United States NavalReserve, on Saturday, February28, 1942.

Dr. Benz, who is thirty-sevenyears of age, is married and hasthree childrn. His family willremain in Quasqueton.

Dr. Benz has taken an nrtiveinterest in civic affairs and servedas Mayor of Quasqueton. He hasalso taken a deep interest in ath-letic activities in BuchananCounty having served as Presi-dent of the Wapsie Valley Base-ball League and the BuchananCounty League.

Convention ExhibitorsTwo additional companies have

contracted for exhibit space atthe Society's annual conventionsince publication of the last issueof the Log Book:

The Therapeutic OscillatorCorporation, West Des Moines,and L. C. Hunt Surgical Equip-ment Company, Des Moines.

Applications For MembershipR. R. Lamb, Des Moines.J. P. Hull, Newton.-Dwight S. James, Sec.-Treas.

Embryology(Continued From Page One)

formed in yolk sac. The num-ber at first is relatively smalland the hemoglobin content islow. However, there is a rapidincrease in number of corpuscles,in size of corpuscles and in hemo-globin present in each corpuscle.The greatest transformation to-ward increase in respiratory ef-ficiency occurs during the timewhen the liver is functional as ahemopoietic organ, During thelatter part of gestation the con-centration of hemoglobin does notvary greatly. At birth in the hu-man, the number of corpuscles isless than that of the adult, but,probably on account of spleniccontraction, the count rises tosix or seven millions per c. mm.within a half hour. It will be re-called that the size of the cor-puscles is greater, and thereforethe hemoglobin content per cor-puscle and total hemoglobin willbe greater than in the adult perunit volume. It is believed thatthe anti-pernicious anemia factorof Castle is in large measure re-sponsible for the blood picture offetuses. The substance is sup-posedly transmitted through theplacenta to the fetus, as shownby injection experiments; andthere is ordinarily a concentrationof the factor in the fetal liver atbirth.

Gaseous ExchangeWhen the embryo reaches the

uterus the uterine mucosa is al-ready intensely hyperemic. Thematernal placenta develops wellin advance of the fetal placentain order to provide nutriment forthe embryo during the first threeweeks of gestation. As a resultthe blood in the uterine veins inearly pregnancy is highly oxy-genated, whereas, toward termmost of the oxygen has been re-moved. Three important fea-tures govern the efficiency ofplacental oxygenation of fetalblood: (1) Direction of bloodflow, (2) Rate of blood flow, and(3) adaptation of fetal hemoglo-bin.

If the blood in the fetal pla-centa flowed parallel to the ma-ternal blood through the villi, itwould come into equilibrium onlywith maternal venous blood. Thiswould be adequate in the earlystages of pregnancy, but wouldcause fetal asphyxia when thefetus became large. Consequent-ly a neat vascular device has beenemployed by means of which theblood in the embryonic villi flowsin a direction opposite to that ofthe maternal blood. Umbilicalblood therefore comes into equili-brium with that in the uterineartery rather than the uterinevein.

The placenta reaches its maxi-mum size while the fetus is stillgrowing rapidly and some com-pensation must be made to sup-ply the growing fetus more ef-ficiently with essential materials,as well as to remove its wasteproducts. This is done by in-creasing the rate of flow throughboth the maternal and fetal sidesof the placenta; increase in rateof-flow in both instances is greatand approximately equal.

A third physiological device forassuring the fetus adequate oxy-genation lies in the peculiaritiesof the fetal hemoglobin. It takesup oxygen far more readily atlow partial pressures than doesthe adult hemoglobin, though itwill not take up quite as much asthe adult in an atmosphere ofunlimited oxygen. This fact is oftremendous importance to the hu-man fetus, when it is recalledthat the oxygen capacity of ma-ternal blood in late pregnancy isreduced by about 20 per cent,due primarily to a reduction inalkalinity. Moreover, gram forgram, fetal hemoglobin will takeup less oxygen than that of theadult and this deficiency is lit-tle more than compensated forby the larger quantity of hemo-globin.

As the fetus approaches term,the hemoglobin gradually ac-quires adult qualities. The valueof this change is easily seen forthe following reasons: (1) dur-ing fetal life the oxygen tensionis low in the maternal plalenta,and th fetus must use it to bestadvantage; (2) the total areas ofthe planental villi is only abouthalf that of the lungs at birth;and (3) at birth there is a suddenchange to a higher partial pres-sure of oxygen. The chief dis-advantage to the fetal avidity foroxygen at low partial pressuresis that it is more difficult to giveup oxygen to the growing tissues.However, because of the restrict-ed intrauterine activity the prob-

lem does not become acute. Itshould be added that carbon di-oxide is more easily released byfetal blood, just as oxygen ismore easily taken up.

By actual measurement it hasbeen shown that fetal bloodshows a higher oxygen contentduring and just after contractionof the uterus. It is thereforeimportant that tone be maintain-ed in the uterus, particularlyduring the last stages of preg-nancy. Also, the normal deple-tion of oxygen in the maternalcirculation can in some measurebe corrected by attention to thevascular supply of the uterus.

Asphyxia at birth is said to bedue, not to an accumulation ofcarbon dioxide as was formerlybelieved, but to a decrease incarbon dioxide accompanied by afatal decrease in oxygen. Theoxygen content may be no great-er than one volume percent, andas a result, pH may fall even toactual acid conditions.

Respiratory MovementsThe first movements of breath-

ing, that are discernible occur to-ward the end of the third monthof pregnancy; they are convul-sive, jerky movements simulatingdyspneic breathing or gasping.These indicate that the musclesare capable of contracting andthat their motor innervation hasbeen established.

Smooth, rhythmic, shallowbreathing has been observed dur-ing the sixth month of gestationand afterward. The change fromdyspneic breathing to the rhyth-mic type indicates important ner-vous changes. Primarily thechange is due to the developmentof the association center in themedulla and the establishment ofthe reticulospinal pathway, form-ing new neuron circuits whichare controlled by the respiratorycenter. As the internuncialneurons multiply and becomesubject to cortical influence thebreathing movements approachthose of the neonatal infant.

In spite of the early anatomicalcompetence of the breathing me-chanism, the fetus is ordinarilyapneic until birth. When theshallow, rhythmic movements areseen it is indicative of either avery high carbon dioxide contentof the fetal blood (for the thres-hold of the fetal respiratory cen-ter to carbon dioxide is muchhigher than that of the adult)or a serious lack of oxygen. Thelatter is the more common cause.When the oxygen lack becomesacute dyspneic movements occur,and these may cause aspirationof the amniotic fluid, resulting ina drowning of the fetus in itsown amniotic fluid. Such aspir-ation does not occur with thenormal, shallow movements be-cause no change is brought aboutin intrathoracic pressure. Oc-casionally fetal hiccoughing hasbeen observed. Presumably oxy-gen lack is responsible for thisphenomenon, as it is for the "nor-mal" breathing movements. (Thereader is reminded that the datafor this and other articles of thepresent series on fetal physiologyare drawn from Windle's Phy-siology of the Fetus, Saunders,1940).

-Hugh Clark, Ph. D.

. .

THEEntered as second classmatter, February 3rd, 1923,at the post office at DesMoines, Iowa, under theact of August 24th, 1912.

r> t Accepted for mailing atspecial rates of postageprovided for in Section1103, Act of Oct. 3rd, 1917,authorized Feb. 3rd, 1923.


Volume 20 APRIL 15, 1942 NUMBER 4

Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Aids in Diseases of

The PancreasIn the last issue of the Log

Book laboratory aids in diag-nosis and control of Diabetesmellitus were discussed, in thissecond article aids to diagnosis inthe remainder of the major path-ological conditions involving thepancreas will be discussed. Thoseprocesses in which laboratorymethods may be of help either indiagnosis or control will include:

Acute non-hemorrhagic pan-creatitis.

Acute pancreatic necrosis.Chronic pancreatitis.Tumors of the pancreas.Physiologically the pancreas is

concerned with the digestion ofcarbohydrates, fats and proteins,through the action of the enzymesamylase, lipase and. trysin. Thefunction of the gland may be esti-mated in two ways; first by in-vestigation of the stage of di-gestion of any of the aforemen-tioned sub-strates in the feces, orby a quantitative estimation of theenzymes in the duodenal contentsor the body fluids.

According to Elman, the bloodamylase percentage is of great-est value in differentiating acuteabdominal symptomatology thatmay be of pancreatic origin. In-volvement of the pancreas in anacute or sub-acute inflammationsgive rise to objective symtoms asupper difuse abdominal pain,nausea, vomiting and someamounts of visible jaundice; sogeneral are these symptoms thatthe process may be frequentlyconfused with biliary colic, acuteappendicitis, perforated ulcer, orcoronary thombosis.

In the laboratory differentia-tion of these conditions it may besafely said that an increase inblood amylase at the time ofacute symptom is clear evidence


Dr. Becker's ActivitiesDr. Arthur D. Becker, Presi-

dent of the College, will attendthe Texas Osteopathic Associationconvention to be held in Houstonon April 30 to May 2 inclusive.Dr. Becker will have several ap-pearances upon the program dis-cussing cardiac diagnosis and os-teopathic therapeutics pertainingparticularly to some of the morecommon heart involvements. Thegreat importance of heart diseasemakes this subject a most timelyone, and Dr. Becker's wide ex-perience in the diagnosis andtreatment of these conditions willbe capitalized to the advantageof the Texas Osteopathic profes-sion. -R. F. S.

Colorado Society Clinic Review WeekDr. Lonnie L. Facto of the Col-

lege Staff made a trip to Denver, Owing to the change n sched-Colorado, on March 14, where he ules ncident to the war program,lectured to the members of the it has been determined that thelectured to the members of the......Colorado Osteopathic Society atthe meetings of the Mid-WinterClinics held at the Rocky Moun-tain Hospital. He lectured onthe following subjects: The diag-nosis and treatment of commongynecologic conditions; the diag-nosis and treatment of low backpain; anterior poliomyelitis; andthe diagnosis and treatment ofirregularities of the heart beat.He, also, gave a short talk at theMonday noon meeting of theCortex Club, a radio broadcast,and a brief discussion of theOsteopathic Physician's place inNational Defense.

He reports that the meetingswere well attended and a greatdeal of interest shown.

Pursuit for a ReasonWe have reviewed the similar-

ity and dis-similarity of the mus-cle pathology in the first 48 to72 hours of the lesions existence.This variation in the predomi-nance of the pathology is veryevident when the etiologic factorsare considered. A great numberof factors are to be thought ofnecessarily:

1. Acute trauma. It is obviousthat acute strain to soft tissueand sprain of articular tissue willproduce acute local inflammationfirst. Blows against relaxed orcontracted muscles destroy tissueand incites reparative acute in-flammation.

2 Chronic trauma has an ac-n. l.- .1-.I -.... -r - ml, ri .e 1 , , 1 , - _cumuIIui;tIe eiiectL. I lle 11I1IU oc-

cupational and postural traumasthat have only slight damagingeffect in an hour-when repeateddaily for several years can anddoes produce extensive diffusetrauma to tissue in the form ofchronic joint sprain and chronicsoft tissue strain. Tennis elbow,comptometer neuralgia, the fibialtorsion of telephone repairmen,the flattened and painful feel ofthose who stand erectly or nearlyso most of the day without thebenefit of motion are good ex-amples not to mention the arth-ritic kyphoses due to high heels.

3. Acute hypermobility. Ashas been mentioned occasionallythere will exist during the first24-48 hours of the existance of alesion, an hypermobility thatpermits an unusual and traumaticrange of motion. This has greatlocal disturbance and intense re-flex effect.

4. Chronic hypermobility andits constant low grade traumaand persistant reflex arc disturb-


Post Graduate Review Week usu-ally schduled about the first ofJune, will not be presented thissummer The new class begin-ning on June 15 (which incident-ally promises to be a good one)brings so many added problemsthat it has been considered un-wise to attempt to add to theexisting and contemplated loadon our faculty group. The proxi-mity of the annual convention ofthe American Osteopathic Associ-ation, both in time and location,is a further reason discontinuingthe review week for this year.

It is our understanding that theprogram of the National AOAConvention to be held the weekof July 12 in Chicago, will placeparticular emphasis on war timeresponsibilities and problems ofthe osteopathic profession incidentto the war program. It is par-ticularly important that a cap-acity attendance be secured forthe Chicago National Conventionand we respectfully suggest thatall who would have attended ourweek of Post Graduate Week andClinic shall so arrange their plansas to attend the Chicago meet-ing. Our information is thatthere is every indication that theNational Convention meeting willbe a very large one. The sale ofexhibitors space threatens tobreak all records. It is in theinterest of the entire osteopathicprofession that we centralize ourpost graduate efforts in this thefirst summer of the war timeprogram.

-A. D. B., D. O.

Dr. Laycock Lectures

Dr. Byron E. Laycock, Profes-sor in charge of the Departmentof Osteopathic Principles andTechnic, will make two trips dur-ing the coming month to givetalks and demonstrations on pro-grams. He will appear at theChildrens Health Conference atKansas City April 15 to 18 in-clusive and at the MinnesotaState convention on the first andsecond of May, in Minneapolis.These invitations to take part onthe programs indicated are verycomplimentary because of thefact that Dr Laycock was a guestspeaker a year ago on each ofthese scheduled meetings.

Ohio State BoardThe Ohio State Medical Board

examination will be given thisJune 16-17-18 and 19.

EMBRYOLOGY

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FETUS

Digestion and MetabolismLike the breathing mechanism

the digestive system is functionallong before it has any apparentphysiological purpose. As earlyas the fifth month the swallow-ing reflex is completed, for num-erous experiments have demon-strated that amniotic fluid isswallowed. Swallowing of thefluid is stimulated by the injectionof saccharine into the amnioticcavity. This phenomenon hasbeen used to advantage clinicallyin reducing polyhydramnia, whenit had proceeded to the point ofcausing maternal discomfort. Asmight be anticipated from prev-ious reference to the excitatoryeffect of anoxia on respiratorymovements, similar conditionslikewise evoke the swallowingmovements.

The presence of amniotic con-tents in the intestine as well asx-ray studies indicate that gas-tric motility has been establishedas early as the fourth or fifthmonth. Regurgitation into theamniotic cavity also has been de-scribed, presumably accompany-ing dyspneic respiration. Hungercontractions of the new-born in-fant are described as being morerapid and vigorous than those ofthe adult.

Peristalsis has been observed inhuman fetuses in the eleventhweek, and it is believed to be ofneurogenic origin. Intestinalmovements continue during thelast quarter of fetal life. In latepregnancy, not only peristalsisbut also segmentation and pendu-lar movements occur.

Absorption takes place primar-ily in the fetal stomach, and toa smaller extent, in the lowerpart of the small intestine. Ma-terial passes through the duode-num so rapidly that absorptioncannot occur. Absorption is be-lieved to serve the purpose ofsupplying fluid in the last thirdof gestation when the placentaand maternal circulation beginto lose efficiency, although theevidence for such a conclusion isinadequate.

DefecationDuring fetal life as early as the


Birth

The many friends of Mr. andMrs. Richard Rogers will bepleased to hear of the arrival ofa daughter, Annette Jeanne, onMarch 31. Mr. Roge'rs is lectur-ing to the Red Cross traininggroup in addition to his regularclasses this semester.

Ac, (I)>

(I0

THE LOG BOOK

071Iota Tau Sigma feels that it

was very fortunate in obtainingMr. Robt. Blakely of the editorialstaff of The Des Moines Tribuneto address the faculty and studentbody at our assembly Friday,March 20. From the many fa-vorable comments heard we be-lieve his speech was well receivedby his audience. We hope wewill be priviledged to hear himagaii in the near future.

Several in the fraternity tookthe Iowa Basic Science examina-tions this rmonth Those takingthe examinations were: BobHatchitt, Bert Adams, Larry Bel-den, Chas. Schultz, Jack Shafferand John Halley.

Plans are being made to holdfirst degree initiation ceremoniesin the very near future. Thosebeing initiated are: Carl Crow,M. B. Landis, Loyola IGaudet,Wm. More, Wm. Blackler, MajorAnderson, Ray Pinchak, and BobGustafson. We extend heartycongratulations to these men.

-E. M.

At the last meeting of the Os-teopathic Women's College Clubheld at the East Des MoinesClinic April 7th, the officers forthe coming semester were elected.They are: President, DorothyBone; vice president, EstherZauder; secretary, Mary JaneCarhart; treasurer, GertrudeMossman. It was decided thatthe husbands should be invited toattend the graduation banquet.

Mary Jane Carhart was thevery capable chairman of the so-cial meeting recently held at thePhi Sigma Gamma fraternity.

P. H. S.

During the past few weeks thefraternity was very happy towelcome a few of the men fromthe field, who came to spend afew days in Des Moines.

Dr. Robert Rheinfrank (May'41) gave us an unexpected visit,Saturday, April 4. Dr. Rhein-frank is a second-class pharma-cist's mate in the Navy, and isstationed at Great Lakes, Illinois.

Dr. Merton Worster came toDes Moines to spend the Eastervacation. At the present timeDr. Worster is interning at Hut-tisford Hospital and Clinic, atHustisford, Wisconsin.

Dr. Jerome Robb came to DesMoines last week and spend afew days at the club. Dr. Robbcame to Des Moines to take theIowa basic science examinationswhich were given April 14.

P. J. .

*7AThere have been two meetings

in the past month. One regularbusiness meeting held at the PhiSigma Gamma house and a ban-quet meeting held at Younker'sCremona room.

At our regular meeting Doug-las Frantz, Willo Dunbar andJames Booth received their initi-ation and are now members ofthe organization. R. C. Rogersgave an interesting talk on"Neurosis and Neurosthenia."

Dr. Park was the speaker atour banquet meeting. His talkdealt with problems that wouldconfront us in practice. Muchvaluable information was receivedfrom Dr. Park's talk.

R. A.

AOrWith the first signs of ap-

proaching spring, plans for theannual senior outing are takingform. It will probably be heldagain this year at the LedgesState Park.

Congratulations to Frater Fein-stein on his recent marriage-also to Frater Ansfield on hisaward of the Dr. L. Williams key.

We are sure everyone joins withus in extending our sincere sym-pathy to Frater Lou Radetsky onthe sudden loss of his mother.

The best of luck to all theseniors in their qualifying exams.

I. A.

AnMarch was a quiet month for

the Deltas. Can it be that wehad to take time out to catch abreath ?

But don't get the idea that wedidn't do anything interesting-we did. On a Saturday night lastmonth the girls of Still Collegeall piled into cars and drove outto Avon Lake there to be royallyentertained by the Laycock'sEveryone forgot anything like adiet when supper w'ls served,then we spent a lazy, peacefulevening playing records, playingcards and-but oh, no, we never"just talk."

Oh ves! Have you heard?-

We're still going strong in theBowling League. Come on boys,we'll need your moral supportwhen we play the faculty-dowe have it?

-M. W.

Members of Phi Sigma Gammaare back to work again after theEaster vacation. It is always niceto get home for a few days buteverybody was anxious to getback to school.

The main social activity of thismonth was a inter-faternity stagheld at the Phi Sig house. Mem-bers of each fraternity of theschool were present and a riproaring good time was had by all.

,Gus Peterson and Pat Lombariboth joined the armed forces ofthe United States. We hated tosee these two men leave but wishthem all the luck in the worldand hope that they will be backwith us soon.

Several members of the frater-nity took the basic science examApril 14th. From the amountof extra studying that has beengoing on I would say that allshould come through with flyingcolors.

Due to the war situation every-body is anxious to do his part tohelp. We feel that we will be ofmore use by staying in school,finishing our course and thus bebetter qualified to help in thiswar. The members of Phi SigmaGamma are taking their workmore concientiously in trying tobecome better physicians. A greatpercentage of the members aretaking a first aid course and someeven two. Also social activitieshave more or less been pushedinto the background.

-H. C., Secy.




DESERT-ATIONSDuring the past two or three

months I have received so manyletters relative to locations in theSouth that it seems fitting thismonth to not only answer theseagain but also any who may con-template a move to a warmerclimate. Cold weather has beenthe major complaint but healthhas been mentioned also andshould be kept in mind. WhenI was teaching, this subject cameup frequently and I usually hada list of questions handy to askand out of them you can gleanthe answer in the majority ofcases.(1) Have you investigated the

financial stability of the re-gion where you wish to go?

(2) Have you investigated thetone of the community, thetypical native of the regionand the percentage of peo-ple with whom you wish tomingle ?

(3) What about school facilitiesand if a small community thenearness of a city where ar-ticles other than the staplesmay be secured?

(4) Do you expect to make thisyour permanent home or is itjust a stepping stone?

(5) If you have a family doesthis move meet with theircomplete approval? (It maybe a long way from mama)

(6) Can you afford to lose whatit will cost to make themove?

(7) If you are moving on accountof health what percentage ofsickness do you expect tofind in the new place andwhat can you do that is notbeing done in this commun-ity?

There are a number of otherquestions that apply to the indi-vidual and these should be goneover carefully before anythingdefinite is done. With the few,comparatively, who are practic-ing osteopathy (less than tenthousand) there is an opportun-ity almost anywhere but you willnot be a success unless you wantto actually live in the place thatyou go to. You will have to likeeverything about it. I can giveyou 100 reasons why I like thispart of the country. You mightlaugh at 90 of them and call mecrazy. (There is a bare chancethat you would be right.) Thepoint is this-no two people canagree exactly on the Sacro-iliaclesion and according to a wellknown mathamatical adage notwo people would agree exactlyon a place to live and practiceand raise a family. You willhave to look around, get all ofthe information you can on theseveral places you think youwould like, cut\ them down totwo or three and then shut youreyes and grab one and keep it.Better still, take a trip to thesetwo or three places and see themfor yourself through your owneyes and make it more than anhour's inspection. Las Cruces isnot perfect but it is very near it.

H. V. H.

DES MOINES GENERAL HOSPITALIr�lla�·-·llllrasl--·-·-- , ___ __�_ � _ _

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor ... Richard F. Snyder, B. S.

Advisor ...............Arthur D. Becker


Still College DramaticClub

A few weeks ago a group ofStill students formed the StillCollege Dramatic Club, the pur-pose of which is to provide enter-tainment and fun for the studentbody. They introduced them-selves to the college by puttingon an assembly program in theform of a variety show. VernStoner acted as master of cere-monies. Musical numbers wereby the quartet- (Gerald Rosen-thal, Gerald Dierdorf, ScottHeatherington, Bob More)-the"New Yorker,'" Jerry Zauder; the"Old Timer," Scott Heathering-ton.

Dick McGill officiated at thepiano. The other entertainerswere Herb Harris and Bill Crotty.

Because time did not permit forthe personal appearance of allthe club members, the M. C. in-troduced the others:

R. C. Rogers, Mildred Wey-gandt, Mary Torriello, E. MacAdams, Mary Williams, DouglasFrantz and Carl Waterbury.

The Dramatic Club is preparingto put on an evening's entertain-ment in the near future, a full-length play that promises to beloads of fun.

Will keep you informed-and-oh, yes, we'll need your help-we will appreciate your coonera-tion. -M. W.

Laboratory Diagnosis

(Continued From Page One)of pancreatic involvement, where-as the absence of such increase,or a decrease in the blood amy-lase will point to an extra pan-creatic lesion. In following theprogress of the attack with sub-sistence of the acute symptom, theamylase content decreases rap-idly.

The mechanism responsible forthe increased blood amylase maybe explained by the passage ofthe enzyme into the lymph dueto a mechanical obstruction ofthe pancreatic duct by the attendant edema of acute inflam-mation, or by increased liberationof the enzyme by the parenchy-matous cells of the gland involvedin degenerative changes.

An increase in the blood amy-lase will bring about a corre-sponding increase in the amountsof the enzyme excreated in theurine. The College laboratoryutilizes the procedure of Wohlge-muth for determination of theurinary amylase. Briefly theprinciple of the test is to estab-lish the minimal quantity ofurine capable of transforming 5cc of a 1% starch solution into

products which no longer yield a be assumed by the other articula-blue color with iodine as an in- tions of that vertebra and by thedicator. The normal values ob- ones immediately above and be-tained by this procedure expressed low. As long as they hypo-mob-as units will vary from 3 to 32, ility exists then the resultantin cases of 'pancreatic involve- hypermobility in the other articu-ment the units will be found to lations will continue to compen-be as high as 200. sate by assuming a greater me-

The changes in the concentra- chanical force and more extensivetion of blood lipase will parallel motion. The abnormal motion isto some extent those of the blood of course definitely traumatic.amylase. The majority of authors Frequently the effect of this trau-claim no lipase may be demon- ma is secondary lesion pathologystrated in the blood serum in the with contractural myositis ap-normal patient. Perhaps the pearing in the previously hyper-most important application of the mobile articular areas.estimation of blood lipase is its e. Projection or concentrationvalue in differentiating inflam- hypermobility is similar to thematory lesions of the biliary tract, lesion or local hypermobility ex-generally there is no elevation of cept that it falls between areasthe lipase content in biliary di- of general hypo-mobility andsease, whereas inflammation of therefore assumes as much mo-the pancreas will yield relatively tion as possible that should behigh values. spread over an area of a half

In chronic pancreatitis estima- dozen segments. We see thistion of the quantity of the enzy- force projected to the ends andmes in duodenal contents or in the center of curvatures and tothe feces is of greatest value. the points of greatest convexityThere is a profound decrease in and juncture of not only lateralthe elaboration of the enzymes curvatures but the gross increasesto a point where these estima- in our so called physiologiction in the blood or urine is of curves, There does not have tolittle value. On analysis of the be lesion pathology above or be-feces this fact can be brought to low this projection area wherelight. However, because of the forces are concentrated. Fre-small quantity of the enzyme uently in elderly folks the gen-which may be present, analysis eralized decrease in range of jointof the stool for fat and nitrogen mobility will create one or moreunder a carefully regulated in- areas of hypermobility. Thistake of fat and protein will be may be quite troublesome in thatof more value. the reflex arc disturbance is great

The next article in this series and yet as is usual in hypermo-will deal with tumors of the bility, areas above and below orpancreas. -R. C. Rogers on the opposite side must be

treated more than the immediate

Pursuit for a R eason area itself.f. Occupational hypermobility(Continued From Page One) as the name implies is due to cer-

ance is produced in a number of tain acts or positions assumed inways. the days work that throw a

a. Anatomical hypermobility is greater amount of force and mo -due to abnormal development of tion into a local area than it isarticular surfaces. A thoracic physiologically capable of assum-type facet not infrequently oc- ing. 'rine margin is narrow be-curs at the lumbosacral articula- tween chronic occupational trau-tion. This will permit a motion ma within the normal anatomicalon one side that is restricted by ilotion ranges and occupationala lumbar facet on the other A hypermobility that is chronicallymotion physiologic on one side and intermittently acutely trau-may be traumatic on the other. matic with the range of motionThoracic facets may appear in being beyond the average rangethe middle of the lumbar area or for the person, area and age.lumbar facets may appear in the g. Postural hypermobility isthoracic or cervical area. They similar to occupational trauma inare usually unilateral and there- hypermobile areas except that oc-fore introduce definite mechani- cupational hypermobility is pres-cal problems of traumatic hyper- ent only while the patient ismobility. working. Postural hypermobility

b. P a r a 1 ytic hypermobility. acts on the patient whether heMuscle paralysis due to general is working or not.disease or local neuritic factors The importance of hypermobil-that destroy most of the nerve ity in lesion areas or around les-cells leading to muscle, and the ion areas is that the excessiveatonicity of muscle in anemias motion is traumatic to not onlyand parasympathicotonics permits the area of hypermobility butto exist over a long time mobility also exerts a disturbing effectin a joint that is unprotected by upon the lesion area itself. Alsomuscle tonus. the excessive motion factor is

c. Lesion hypermobility due to traumatic enough that secondarythe damaging effect of lesion lesion pathology usually developspathology upon the nerve tissue and the reflex arc effect is great.and neuromuscular mechanism Thirdly the fact that pain is fre-will permit a condition similar to quently more acute in an areaparalytic hypermobility to exist of hypermobility than in the areathat is similarly severely trauma- of lesion pathology with restric-tic locally and productive of tion of motion on the other sidemarked reflex arc disturbance. is a potent source of error in the

d. Compensatory Hypermobil- diagnosis of the location of a le-ity. When lesion pathology pro- sion. Corrective forces thrownhibits a free range of motion in into the hypermobile areas areone articulation then all or most further traumatic and do notof the motion in the area must Itend to terminate the inflamma-

tory process nor to decrease thegreat reflex arc disturbance toany tissue, somatic or visceral,that may be segmentally relatedto either the lesion area or thearea of hypermobility or both.

The cause for the hypermobil-ity must be determined or it willtend to remain, another sourcefor untreatability in patients.

5. Reflex lesions are secondaryand caused by any initation toany number of afferent fibersthat is greater than normal.Pathways are possible for almostany effect to occur but fortunate-ly the reflex arc disturbance isusually a matter of segmentalresponse or disturbance in sometissue innervated by the samenucleus and less frequently inmore distant parts of the nervoussystem. Occasionally however,these associational pathways arecanalized and then symptoms areproduced that would otherwiseseem inexplicable.

6. Compensatory lesions arethose that are induced secondar-ily due to some mechanical defector lesion above or below thatthrows a force into the area thatputs it to a mechanical disad-vantage or requires an abnormalposition to maintain equilibriumor symetry of motion.

It is probably that only 2 to10 % of lesions are primary inetiology and that all the rest andeven many of those few that arepurey primary to begin with haveadded to them some of these fac-tors and are therefore of such anature that we have to ferretout the maintaining factor andthe etiological element before wecan make any valuable interpre-tation of where the lesion is,what caused it, its reason for be-ing present, its reason for re-maining, many times in spite ofall the "rolling of the bones."Osteopathic treatment thereforeis not synomymous with manipu-lative treatement. In these dayswhen the manipulative aspects ofosteopathy are spreading to allschools of therapy it is importanttha the osteopathic reasoning be-hind the manipulating hand notbe permitted to wander and onlytherein lies the future.

-Byron E. Laycock

Convention"Travel exclusively for pleas-

ure, and the nation's insatiabledesire for conventions of alltypes, must be curbed ... " Someare quoting this and assuming thatit means a small attendance atthe A. 0. A. convention in Chi-cago this summer.

But analyze the words. Goingto an osteopathic convention isnot "travel exclusively for pleas-ure." A convention having to dowith the public health, and withscientific healing methods, doesnot come within an "insatiabledesire for conventions of alltypes ... "

What do the exhibitors believeabout it? Already more of themhave signed up than at the cor-responding period in any previousyear. They will be in Chicago,because they know you are com-ing for the good program beingarranged.

THE LOG BOOK

Forty-Fourth Annual ConventionThe Iowa Society of Osteopathic

Physicians and Surgeons will holdits Forty-Fourth Annual Conven-tion at Hotel Savery, Des Moines,on May 6 and 7.

Doctor Mary E, Golden, vicepresident and convention programchairman, reports that the fol-lowing program is scheduled:

Ralph L. Lindberg, D. O., Chi-cago, Illinois, "Management ofEdema"; and "Management ofHypertension".

J. S. Denslow, D. O., Kirks-ville, Missouri, "Electromyograph-ic Studies of the OsteopathicLesion'; and "Basic Principles inManipulative Therapy".

L. W. Jamieson, D. O., SiouxCity, "Osteopathic Surgery."

H. R. Schickley, D. O., Lin-coln, Nebraska, "OsteopathicTechnique Involving the ShoulderGirdle and Adjacent Lesions;" and"Osteopathic Technique Involvingthe Pelvic Girdle and AdjacentLesions".

Robert Bachman, D. O, DesMoines, "Pelvic Infections".

R. C. McCaughan, D. O., Chi-cago, Illinois, executive secretaryof the American Osteopathic As-sociation, "Our National Busi-ness".

Holcomb Jordan, D. O., Daven-port, president of the Iowa So-ciety, "State Affairs".

Lonnie Facto, D. O., DesMoines, a member of the MedicalAdvisory Council of the PolkCounty Civilian Defense Council,E. F. Leininger, D. O., DesMoines, a member of the HospitalAdvisory Council of the PolkCounty Civilian Defense Council;Charles N. Stryker, D. O., Shel-don, Captain of Company B ofthe Iowa State Guard and medi-cal examiner for that company;and S. H. Klein, D. O., DesMoines, chairman of the Society'sCouncil on Defense and Prepar-edness will conduct a panel dis-cussion pertaining to civilian de-fense, state guard, and the pro-fession's status in the nationaldefense program.

"Bob" Burlingame, WHO'spopular radio commentator, willbe the guest speaker at the con-vention banquet, his subject being'America and the World Con-flict".

Convention ExhibitsThe following companies have

contracted for exhibit space atthe coming convention, since pub-lication of the last issue of theLog Book:

Anabolic Food Products, Inc.,Glendale, California; VitamineralsCompany, Los Angeles, Califor-nia; Professional Foods, CedarRapids, Iowa; Mineral ResearchInc., Des Moines, Iowa; V-MNutri-Food Company, WilmetteIllinois; Bleything LaboratoriesDes Moines, Iowa; and Endoc-rine Food Company, Union CityNew Jersey.

Applications for MembershipMartha B. Morrison, Shenan-

doah.-Dwight S. James. Sec.-Treas.

Embryology

(Continued From Page One)

fourth month the intestines arefound to contain a composite sub-stance called meconium. It con-sists of desquamated epithelium,fluid and various secretion prod-ucts, particularly bile pigmentafter the fifth month. This ma-terial is naturally accumulatedby the fetus, partly because ofswallowing amniotic contents, andis passed at birth or soon there-after. Defecation in amnio mayoccur, however, much earlierthan this; it has been seen incases of hysterectomy under lo-cal anesthesia at four monthsgestation. It is thought that itis brought about, along with gen-eral visceromotor activity, dueto a decreased pH attendant uponincreased carbon dioxide tension.Oxygen starvation may also ini-tiate the activity, and frequentlyduring prolonged labor or asphy-xia neonatorum, the amnioticfluid will contain meconium.

'Digestive Glands and Enzymes

The presence of virtually allthe enzymes-from the salivaryglands, intestine and pancreas-has been established by the fifthmonth or before. Likewise, dur-ing the fifth month, bilirubin isproduced by the liver, and bili-verdin is apparent in meconiuma month later. The mechanismof escape of bilirubin to producethe hyperbilirubinemia of icterusneonatorum is not clear. Thelarge size of the fetal liver be-jpeaks several important prena-tal roles; these are associatedwith hemopoiesis, bile formationand several phases of metabolism.

Fetal Nutrition

In the human two methods ofnutrition necessarily exist-thefirst, a histotrophic type, beforeplacentation occurs; and a sec-ond, hemotrophic, after the inti-mate association between embrycand mother. Nutrition maytherefore be classified as follows:A. Embyrotrophe

1. Histotrophea. Transient endometrial de

tritus, etc., for the im-planting blastocyst.

2. Hemotrophea. Diffusible substances re-

quiring no resynthesis.(1) Cases, dextrose ancinorganic compounds.

b. Large nitrogenous mole-cules, diffusible but re-quiring resynthesis.

c Substances such as lipidstruly absorbed by trophoblast.

Placental Permeability

This important subject has beergiven a great deal of attentionbut data are still inconclusive irmany details because of the extremely variable structure andperfection of placentae whichexist in different species of ani-mals. Not only is the mode olattachment to the uterus differentbut also the actual structure dif-fers from the extreme of epithe-lio-chorial through syndesmochorial. endotheliochorial and hemo-

chorial (human) to hemoendoth-elial.

The basic principle of placentalactivity seems to be ultrafiltra-tion by means of which the sizeof the molecule is inversely re-lated to its diffusibility. Absorp-tion of lipids, however, indicatesthat the placenta itself plays anactive role in transmission offood substances. It is not un-likely that the same principlesof permeability and impermea-bility apply to the placenta as toother protoplasmic membranes,having peculiarities which arenot yet understood due to bothlack and apparent conflict of ex-perimental data.

Metabolism of Carbohydrates

The chief source of fetal energyis the dextrose derived from thematernal circulation. It passesreadily across the placental bar-rier and in the human is foundin concentration of 115 mg. percent in the fetus near term, beingslightly lower than that of themother (132 mg. per cent).

Both placenta and liver areimportant carbohydrate depots,and Claude Bernard in 1858 re-ferred to the placenta as a "tran-sitory liver" for the embryo. Gly-cogen is found here before it ap-pears in the fetal liver, but it isconfined to the maternal placen-ta. Glycogen storage is gradu-ally taken over by the fetal liverin the last quarter of pregnancy:the assumption of glycogenicfunction appears to be coincidentwith, or slightly previous to, thedevelopment of the islets of Lan-gerhans. The glycogen contentof the fetal liver rises towardterm although the amount varieswith the diet of the mother.Fetal glycogen is used but spar-ingly as long as maternal dex-trose is available, but is readilygiven up in a carbohydrate emer-gency.

The placental barrier seems tobe impervious to insulin, althoughparadoxically diabetic mothersare known to be protected by thefetus during pregnancy. This isprobably due to the utilization ofdextrose by the fetus, removingthe excess from the maternalbloodstream. Immediately fol-lowing parturition, glycosuriaoccurs in the mother.

Metabolisim of LipidsWell nourished fetuses have

good supplies of fat, and thequestion arises whether it istransferred directly or whetherit is synthesized by the fetusfrom simpler compounds. Fromevidence available, the fetus ap-pears to synthesize fat, for (1)fat stained with Sudan III is de-posited in the stained form inmaternal tissues, but in the fetusit is colorless; (2) regardless ofthe degree of saturation of thefat in the maternal diet, fetal fatis inevitably saturated; (3) fetalfat contains more palmitic andless oleic and stearic acids thanthat in the maternal diet, and(4) the lipid content of fetalplasma is 948 mg, percent, andthat of the adult is but 737 mg.per cent, although the erythrocy-te content in both is approxi-mately the same.

Near term the fetus may take

up about 50 grams of lipids, ofwhich 40 grams are phospholip-ids. The remaining 10 gramsconsists of free and neutral fats,the latter passing apparently ineither direction through theplacenta.

Protein Metabolism

Three methods exist for deter-mination of facts regarding fetalprotein metabolism: (1) compar-ison of chemical composition ofmaternal and fetal blood, (2)analysis of nitrogenous wasteproducts of the fetus, and (3)study of the structure of theembryo itself at different stages.These methods suggest (1) thatamino acids freely pass the plac-ental membranes, but may reacha higher concentration in fetalthan maternal blood; (2) thaturea, ammonia, uric acid andcreatinine pass directly fromfetus to mother by purely physi-cal processes; and (3) the fetusgrows very largely by means ofnitrogenous substances early inlife The nitrogen content of thetissues remains quite constantafter the first third of gestation,when the fetus attains "chemicalmaturity."

No variation in amide, humanand cystine nitrogen was observ-ed throughout development, butamino nitrogen increased where-as nonamino nitrogen decreasedthroughout development. In theearly stages lysine and glutathi-one increase, but then graduallydecline. Arginine, histidine andtyrosine decrease progressivelyfrom the beginning of develop-ment.

One of the most interestingfeatures of nitrogenous excretionis the elimination chiefly of ureaand ammonia by aquatic animals,and the formation of nondiffusi-ble uric acid, stored in the al-lantois, by terrestrial forms.Man, of course, falls into theaquatic group inasmuch as thematernal bloodstream functionsvirtually as a limitless receptaclefor fetal waste.

Inorganic MetabolismCopper, essential to the synthe-

sis of hemoglobin, is stored in thefetal liver, and reaches a highconcentration at birth to tide theinfant over the nursing period,during which the diet is lackingin this element. Iron likewise isstored by the liver and decreasessteadily during the nursing pe-riod. The pigment fraction offetal Hb is believed to be trans-mitted from mother to fetusthrough the placenta. For abouttwo months after birth there isalso an active physiological hem-olysis. Infants born of anemicmothers may exhibit hypochromicanemia during the first year oflife.

Following the fourth month ofpregnancy there is a sharp andcontinued rise in calcium andphosphorus of the fetus, and theseitems are dependent on both themother's intake of the mineralsand vitamin D available. Beforethis time there is little fetal de-mand on the maternal supply.

-Hugh Clark, Ph. D.

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THEEntered as second class .matter, February 3rd, 1923,at the post office at DesMoines, Iowa, under theact of August 24th, 1912. LOG BOK



Volume 20 MAY 15, 1942 NUMBER 5

Dr. Schwartz,New Presiden

Dr. John P. Schwartz, fo:twenty-two years closely associated with Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy, and for th<past seventeen years Dean of th(College, has been elected by th(Board of Trustees to fill the vacancy caused by the resignatiorof Dr. Becker.

Dr. Schwartz needs no introduction to the Osteopathic profession. He is Surgeon in Chie:of Des Moines General Hospitaland head of the Department o:Surgery at Des Moines Still Col

Dr. J. P. Schwartzlege of Osteopathy. He is pastpresident of the American Collegeof Osteopathic Surgeons. Underhis management Des Moines Gen-eral Hospital has established anenviable reputation. The collegeis fortunate in the fact that Dr.Schwartz will bring to the insti-tution not only an intimateknowledge of its problems but ahigh degree of executive ability.His past experience and wide, ac-quaintance in the Osteopathicprofession augers well for thecontinued growth and develop-ment of the college.

His reputation as a speaker andlecturer on scientific and techni-cal matters has caused him to bemuch sought after by variousOsteopathic groups for such con-tributions.

We not only congratulate Dr.Schwartz on his election to thisimportant position, but we alsocongratulate Des Moines StillCollege of Osteopathy and theOsteopathic profession because ofhis willingness to assume theduties and obligations associated.

-R. F. S.

Laboratory Diagnosist Pancreatic Tumors

The major findings of a labora-r tory nature in tumors of the pan-

creas will be disturbance of theblood sugar level-in most casesan hypo-glycemic response willbe noted.

e For carcenoma of the paren-echyma of the gland, the labora-- tory findings are not conclusivei nor differential in type, with few

exceptions. The fact that an ele-- vation of the blood lipase is char-. acteristic, has been mentioned inf a previous paper. The elevation

of the blood lipase is most con-f stant, and clear cut in cases in_ which mechanical obstruction in

the pancreatic duct occurs. Inall cases where jaundice occursin a patient without pain, andan increase in blood amylase andlipase is found-careful evalua-tion of the symptoms is necessaryto rule out tumors in the pan-creas. Other laboratory methodswhich may be of value, are theVan den Bergh reaction and thefecal analysis.

The Van den Bergh will yield adirect reaction in all cases. Aswe have an obstructive type ofjaundice; if the Van den Berghreturns an indirect reaction, theinterpretation will be obvious, asbeing of hemolytic origin. Bili-rubin may be present in the urineto be macroscopically visible, insome cases, i. e. the color of theurine may be indicative. In allcases when the concentration of2 mg. per 100cc jaundice becomesvisible in the patient.

The laboratory procedures onthe fecal sample wil report anincrease in the fat content of thestool, and a decrease in theamount of the bile pigment. Incompete obstruction of the Am-pulla, the pigments urobilinogenand urobilin will be absent inboth the stool and urine.

It is obvious from the foregoingdiscussion that the methods of la-boratory diagnosis in these casesare not discriminatory but onlyconfirmatory as to the amount ofobstruction produced by thetumor.

Carcinoma and Adenoma in-volving the specific insulin pro-ducing islands of Langerhans isindicated by the syndrome of hy-poglycemia. Pathologically themore frequent occurance is atrue adenoma in which the isletsare hypertrophical and in a stateof complete hyperplasia; clinic-ally almost identical with trueCarcinoma of the body of thegland. Statistically the condition

The New ClassNever in the history of the Os-

teopathic profession has therebeen greater need and demandfor competent Osteopathic Phy-sicians and Surgeons. Never inthe history of the profession hasthere been greater opportunityfor competent young men andwomen to do useful humanitarianservice in the great War Programconfronting our nation. Neverhave our Osteopathic educationalinstitutions been better preparedto give the scientific and clinicaltraining required to prepare stu-dents for a lifework of primaryand commanding importance.

Des Moines Still College of Os-teopathy offers to qualified youngmen and women outstanding fac-ilities to prepare for a field ofwork in which there is great andincreased demand. The entrancerequirements consist of two fullyears of collegiate work from anaccredited colege or university,without specification of subjectmatter. The new class beginningon June 15th will be the firstclass to enroll in the new plan,whereby the entire four years'work will be given in three years,by doing without summer va-cations, without loss of subjectmatter or lowering of scholasticstandards.

Now is the time to seriouslyconsider the opportunity and priv-ilege of preparing for a real placein the general scheme of thingsand at a time when there is in-sistent and continuing demand forcompetent Osteopathic Physiciansand Surgeons. Join with us fora great service, in a capacity re-quiring competence in a highlyspecialized field of activity.

-A. D. B.

of the spontaneous hypoglycemiaoccurs at least as frequently asthe condition of hypergycemia(Diabetes). Tumor, involving theislands are not the only etiologi-cal agent. However, and there-fore, the discovery of a low bloodsugar requires careful evaluationand study.

The usual symptoms associatedwith hypoglycemia are: hunger,weakness, tremor, perspiration,mental lapse, and at times, coma.Because of the fact that symp-toms such as mental confusion,athetoid movement, irritabilityand restlessness are of frequentoccurance. Mistaken diagnosis ofmental disease may be made.There are three distinct syn-dromes in which hypoglycemia


EMBRYOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY OF THE FETUS

Kidney FunctionThe method of urinary excre-

tion, essential in all embryos,varies considerably. Environ-mental circumstance dictates toa large extent the method fol-lowed. Birds, with no means ofeliminating waste, have develop-ed a large allantoic vesicle forstoring and concentrating urinarywaste in order to conserve water.Because of the continuity of theallantoic and amniotic cavitiesthrough the bladder and urethra,the amnion also receives somenitrogenous waste.

Placental attachment in mam-mals excludes the necessity of theallantois as a storage organ; nev-ertheless, it develops but doesnot, in humans, assume avianproportions. Waste material, ex-creted by the embryonic kidneys,does accumulate in the allantoisand also in the amniotic cavity.The bulk of the excretory prob-lems of the fetus are solved, how-ever, by the placenta.

The mesonephros and metane-phros are both functional, andindeed for a period, both act sim-ultaneously. It was found thatBowman's capsules eliminatedsodium ferricyanide, and alsothat phenol red was secreted bythe cells of the proximal convol-uted tubules. Secretary and con-centrating functions of the tubu-les was later observed in vitro,when phenol red and orange Gwere collected in the lumens ofthe tubules after having beentaken from the culture medium.

In summary, (1) the metano-phros begins to function at about9 weeks, and secretion is contin-uous but slow; (2) the mesone-phros begins to function earlierand its period of function over-laps that of the metanephros;(3) the rate of formation of thecapsular fluid is dependent onfetal capillary pressure, osmoticpressure of the fetal blood col-loids, carbon dioxide level of the-fetal blood and other factors;(4) the proximal convoluted tub--ules contribute to fetal urine;:(5) resorption takes place in theproximal tubules and in the thin


BirthiBorn to Dr. and Mrs. Robt. E.

Sowers of Warren, Ohio, a boy,on January 13, 1942. He hasbeen named Jerry Robert Sowers.

NEXT CLASS ENTERS JUNE 15, 1942

(411

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THE LOG BOOK

ATLAS CLUBThe election and installation of

officers for the new summer se-mester was held at the club onMonday, May 4. The followingare the newly elected members:Gordon Elliott, noble skull; JerryDierdorff, occipital; Bob Patton,pylorus; Ronald Woods, stylus;Carl Waterburg, styloid; JackPrice, Sacrum; and VernonStoner, receptaculum.

The initiation of eight pledgestook place at the frat house inthe form of spring house-cleaningfrom May 7th to 10th, followingon Sunday by the final degree ofthe formal initiation ceremonies.In the afternoon the annual Atlaspicnic added to the enjoyment ofthe busy week-end. Congratula-tions are in order for the follow-ing new initiates: Ken Blair,Scott Heatherington, Grant Her-man, Stan Kwiatkowski, CarlNagy, Bart Nelson, Les Rauband Don Young. The fra-ternity is proud of its excellentgroup of new men and we feelthat we will go places this com-ing semester.

The Atlas senior banquet,Thursday, May 14th, will honorthree graduating members,Lyle L. Ackerson, Robert J. Han-sen and Paul D. Taylor. Best ofluck fellows.

Now that the semester is aboutover, the sorority is again goingto be very busy. Plans are beingmade for the dinner in honor ofthe sorority members who are tograduate this month. The dinneris to be held on Tuesday evening,-May 19th at Mrs. Doty's TeaRoom. Some business, somepleasure and some sadness willenter into the evening. Sadnessonly because some of our fewactive members are about toleave.

New officers are to be electedand installed this month. We arehoping that the summer semesterwill be ushered in with severalnew women students-but timewill tell.

Delta Omega Beta wishes thegraduating members all the suc-cess in the world. We have spentmany happy hours together inDes Moines Still and shall missyou when you leave. So here'sto you, New Alumni.

-M. W.

At the last business meetingheld May 5th, Gamma chapter ofPsi Sigma Alpha elected new of-ficers as follows: President, LouRadetsky; vice president, RonaldWoods; secretary, Willo Dunbar;treasurer, Richard Bayns; corre-sponding secretary, Harry Living-ston, and reporter, James Booth.

-J. B.

MarriageOn May 9th Elizabeth Taggart

wa married to Dr. Robert Bergerof Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Berger isa Still College alumnus.

oirSuperb is the word for the Phi

Sig Spring Formal which washeld May first. Amidst the springatmosphere of May baskets andflowers so expertly arranged byour decorating committee ofZima, Crane, Crotty and Harris,the Seniors relaxed after theirtedious week of qualifyings andthe under grads tried to forgettheir oncoming exams.

At the next regular meeting ofDelta Chapter, Norman Fox, re-tiring president, will install thechapter's newly elected officers.The new officers are Glenn Deer,Archon; Herb. Harris, Sub Ar-chon; Henry Shade, Pronatarius;Doug Frantz, Crusophulax; JimCrane, Exastase; and Bill Rein-fried, Phulax.

Dick Snyder and Doug Frantzare in charge of the arrangementsfor the Senior Banquet to begiven in honor of our graduatingSeniors, Brothers Deegan, Fox,Reames, Rogers and Wentling.The date for the banquet is setfor May 21.

-H. G. H.

Awards for the bowling andtennis tournament will be madeat the senior assembly. At thesame time the two cups, giveneach semester by Sigma SigmaPhi will be presented. The com-mittee consisting of Glen Deer,Gordon Elliott and Robert Hat-chitt will determine the recipi-ents. These cups are given eachsemester to the two graduatingseniors who have been outstand-ing in service to Osteopathy andto the school.

Our senior banquet will be heldMay 12 at the Brown Hotel. Dr.Woods will be the speaker. Life-long certificates of membershipwill be presented at this time toour graduating brothers, Lilly,Geraghty, Landis, Randels, Went-ling and Ball.

The new officers for the com-ing year are G. Elliott, president;G. Deer, vice president; W. West-fall, secretary; R. Bennington,treasurer.

We are happy to announce thatBill Westfall was initiated at ourlast meeting. CongratulationsBill and we know you will be acredit to us.

AarThe activities of this chapter

are being brought to a close forthe semester.

We are pleased to announcethe initiation into our chapter ofWilliam Stoler which will takeplace in the next few weeks.

At this time plans are in prog-ress for the semester senior ban-quet in honor of our graduatingseniors. We want to take thisopportunity to wish all the grad-uating seniors the best of luck.We know that they will carry thebanner of osteopathy proudlywith them.

To Dr. Becker go our thanksfor many years of pleasant as-sociation together. We will allmiss him immensely and wishhim the best of luck.

-I. A.

Our last regular meeting washeld April 22 in the office of Dr.Donald Sloan. At this meetingLarry Beldon was appointed cap-tain of the golf team which willparticipate in the forthcominggolf tournament. Plans were alsomade for entering a tennis teamin the tennis tournament, one ofthe features of the school picnic.Much enthusiasm was manifestedin these two sporting events. Al-though Iota Tau Sigma did notwin the bowling tournament,those taking part had a most en-joyable time and are looking for-ward to next year's competition.

-E. M.

Laboratory Diagnosis(Continued From Page One)

may be observed other than theinvolvment of the pancreas-these are Addison's disease, pitu-itary tumor. and the diabetic ona very restricted carbohydrate in-take. It is of importance to theosteopathic physician that pre-version or section of the nervesupply to the liver will result inimmediate hypoglycemia.

The laboratory proceduresavailable for estimation of the-extent of hypo-glycemia arebased on the sugar tolerance ofthe individual patient. Funda-mentally the patient suffers fromthe lowered blood sugar becauseof the presence of an over sup-ply of insulin. The routine glu-cose tolerance test as previouslydescribed may be employed, a"plateau type" of curve will inmost cases be obtained. Thistype of curve indicates an in-creased tolerance to glucose, anda decline to the hypo-glycemialevel at some time after the in-gestion of the sugar. A typicalresponse will be:

Fasting specimen ........70mg%Given 100 grams of glucose.

1 hour specimen ........ 85mg%1 /2 hour specimen ...... 89mg%21/2 hour specimen ...... 85mg%31/2 hour specimen .-..-50mg%41/2 hour specimen ...... 50mg%

In the employment of the in-travenous administration of glu-cose, it is found that an increasedutilization of glucose is apparent.In a typical case, a patient util-ized 1.3 grams of gucose per kilo-gram per hour, in comparison tothe average value of 0.8 grams.This represents an increase of63%.

In some cases, the low bloodsugar level may not be demon-strated at first in suspected hypo-glycemic states; in these cases itis necessary to subject the pa-tient to a fast, of an absolutenature, normal activity being per-mitted during the interval, un-der ordinary cases, 12 hours issufficient to reduce the sugar toabnormal levels.

It is apparent from the forego-ing discussion, that blood sugarestimation should be of routinevalue, in dealing with the vagueand rather inconclusive sympto-matology of lassitude, memory-loss and irritability.

R. C. Rogers,

DESERT-ATIONSI had the pleasure of attending

the state convention at Raton,New Mexico, April 23, 24 and 25.Aside from the expected excellenttalks and much constructive plan-ning by our officers we had avery unexpected feature. Ratonsuffered a complete loss of wa-ter supply due to a flood the daybefore the convention. A smallthing like a shortage of watercould not dampen the enthusiasmof that bunch that attends theRaton Convention. Dr. HaroldDonovan and his able aides car-ried on just the same as if undernormal living conditions and thecrowd of about 150, includingvisitors, had even a better timethan in any of the previous elevenyears of this meeting.

I got a great thrill out of talk-ing to Dr. Ernie Johnston's wife,Deanne. Not so long ago a babywas brought to them having beengiven up to die by a local M. D.Dr. Ernie and Deanne started towork and Deanne spent the nextten days at the side of that babydoing without sleep and food andlosing her own strength plus fivepounds in weight. With the helpof oxygen and osteopathy thebaby lived and I would say withthe excellent nursing thatDeanne so freely furnished. Thedetail of it all, as she told it tome, would make excellent read-ing but it needed the radiance ofsuccess that sparkled from hereyes as she told modestly of herpart and proudly of Dr. Ernie'sfaithful treatment. These two,working and working hard in thedesert country, are true pioneersand my hat is off with a lowbow to both.

The past month has been color-ful with desert and cultivatedflowers everywhere. Mockingbirds, Orioles and Wild Canariesvie with each other for the airand dive-bombing Humming Birdsboom around the honeysuckle.The streets were filled today withall of the brilliant colors of therainbow as we watched a paradeof Ranch Hands, Sheriff's Posseand State College Sudents takingpart in the Annual Spring Rodeo.The first of the week we enjoyedattendance at a meeting of theAmerican Association for the Ad-vancement of Science and had thepleasure of entertaining DeanCummings of U. of Arizona. TheDean substituted for me whenFrances was married, giving thebride away, and so he is a sortof an adopted member of thefamily. Eighty years young andyou should have heard his talkon the restoration of Kinishba.My Staff Sgt. son Morrie writesfrom Ireland but it takes threeweeks to get a letter and thenews is not very exciting as youmay guess. The other memberof the defense part of the familyis now working along the bordersomeplace.

Keep June 15th in mind. Astudent from your home townshould be entering the study ofOsteopathy on that date. Haveyou planned who will take yourplace when the time comes?

H. V. H.

I I ::

THE LOG BOOK

^T1J T n ok B Board of Osteopathic Examinerssince its origin.T e o Bo i Honorary Degree

: - Dr. Becker was awarded theThe Official Publication of honorary degree of doctor of sci-

DES MOINES STILL COLLEGE ence in osteopathy by the Kirks-OF OSTEOPATHY ville (Mo.) College of Osteopathy

______________ and Surgery. At the 1941 con-Editor....Richard F. Snyder, B. S. vention of the American Osteo-

pathic association, he was given aAdvisor....-.........Arthur D. Becker distinguished service certificate.

The retiring president has spe-Osteopathy Without Limitation cialized in diagnosis and cardio-logy. Before returning to the Des

Dr. Beckr L avin Moines school, he was vice presi-Dr. Becker Leaving dent of the Kirksville College ofD. M Still College Osteopathy for 13 years.. M tll College Dr. Beckers' local affiliations

include membership in the Ki-At the request of Dr. Arthur D. wanis club, Chamber of Com-

Becker, for seven years president merce, Des Moines Dinner Clubof the Des Moines Still College of and University club. He is aOsteopathy, the board of trustees member of the board of deaconsMonday night made effective his of Plymouth Congregationalresignation, submitted more than church.a year ago. With College 22 Years

The board, which had request- Dr. Schwartz has been associ-ed Dr. Becker to remain until a ated with the college 22 years. Hesuccessor could be obtained, is a past president of the Ameri-elected Dr. J. P. Schwartz, a can College of Osteopathic Sur-member of the board of trustees geons. He is surgeon-in-chief ofand for many years dean of the Des Moines General hospital, and

neaa or tne department of sur-gery at Des Moines Still Collegeof Osteopathy, and is widelyknown in the osteopathic profes-sion throughout the country.

Courtesy Des Moines Register

Embryology(Continued From Page One)

segment of Henle's loop; (6)fetal excretion is very similar tothat of the adult, with perhapsmore emphasis being placed ontubular excretion; (7) the plac-enta is the chief organ of excre-tion of the human fetus.

Amniotic FluidARTHUR D BECKER, D. . The early amniotic Iluid is al-

, . most certainly formed by thecollege, to fill the vacancy. Dr. mother, rather than the fetus.Schwartz will assume his duties Some chemical compounds, enzy-June 1. mes and antibodies of the mother

Dr. Becker plans to divide his have been recovered in the am-time in the future between Michi- niotic fluid, but not in the fetalgan and Florida. He and Mrs. tissues. However, it is also quiteBecker will leave June 1 for their certain that a large part of thesummer home in Lake Orion, fluid later in pregnancy is theMich., and will spend next winter result of fetal renal action, asat Orlando, Fla. Dr. Becker will well as by secretion from theremain at the college for a short amniotic membrane.time in an advisory capacity. The amniotic fluid acts as a

During Dr. Becker's tenure of partial reservoir for fetal wasteoffice, the bonded debt of the col- products. It also performs sev-lege has been reduced more than eral other functions, including$94,000 and $10,000 has been (1) provision of an aquatic en-spent for modern laboratory vironment, allowing the uniformequipment. The faculty has been development of different parts ofincreased and scholastic standards the embryo; (2) prevention ofhave been raised. embryonic adhesions; (3) protec-

Des Moines Still College of Os- tion against shock and drying, al-teopathy is accredited in the though these functions are sharedAmerican Association of Osteo- with the chorion and uterus; andpathic Colleges. (4) action as a hydraulic wedge

Dr. Becker was graduated from for the descending head duringthe S. S. Still College of Osteop- birth and permission of posturalathy in 1903. adjustments of the fetus.

He served as national president Skinof the American Osteopathic as- Sweat glands are formed withsociation in 1931-32 and was a lumens at the seventh month,trustee of that organization for but it is doubtful whether they15 years. are functional in utero. Sebace-

While practicing in Minnesota, ous glands are functional andDr. Becker was twice president contribute an oily material to theof the Minnesota State Osteop- vernix caseosa, along with theathic association and was a mem- lanugo hair and desquamatedber of the board of examiners of epithelium. The function, if any,that state for nine years. He has of this debris is unknown. If notbeen a member of the National removed at birth, it will be ab-

sorbed in about 8 hours. Themammary glands are functionalin a peculiar way at birth, pro-ducing in both sexes "witchmilk." Lacrimal glands are wellformed, but apparently non-func-tional, at birth.

The ability to regulate tem-perature is very slightly develop-ed in the human at the time ofbirth. Practically no ability toreduce body temperature exists,although it may be raised by in-creasing the rate of metabolismthrough muscular exercise.

ENDOCRINE 'GLANDS

Suprarenal CortexThere is some, albeit little,

evidence that a cortin-like hor-mone is produced by the fetusand that the hormone may pro-long the life of an adrenalecto-mized mother. Of greater inter-est is the x-zone of the fetalcortex which is so disproportion-ately large in the fetus. Becauseof a supposed andromimetic ac-tion, it has been called also theandrogenic zone. Observers be-lieve that it may serve to coun-teract feminizing secretions ofthe mother. Antaomically it isbetter understood, for it consti-tutes 0.2% of the body weight atbirth. The adrenal x-zone be-gins involution at birth, andwithin a week the entire glandhas lost one third of its weight;degeneration continues for abouta year, at the end of which timefour fifths of the original weightof the adrenal has been lost.

Suprarenal MedullaThe adrenal medulla begins at

about seven weeks gestation bymigration of neural crest cellsinto the cortical tissue. Aboutthe middle of gestation, epine-phrin is produced by the glandsand coincidentally the, tissue ac-quires its definitive chromaffincharacter in most animals tested.These observations are contrastedwith the late human developmentof functional capacity of the ad-renal medulla, which is onlyslightly functional until afterbirth. Extreme development ofthe cortical androgenic zone maybe correlated with the medullarydeficiency.

Sex GlandsMale sex hormones can be ex-

tracted as soon as the testis isdifferentiated (about seven weeksin man), and the content fromfetal testicular tisue is propor-tionately greater than that of theadult. The best source of evi-dence for physiological activityof fetal male hormone is derivedfrom a study of the freemartinsin cattle, when the blood streamsof the male and femal twins areconjoined. When the circulationsof male and female are discrete,both male and female developnormally; when the blood of thetwo mixes the heifer is masulin-ized. Such results may be ex-perimentally duplicated in otheranimals by the injection of testos-terone. The reserve situation hasalso been created by the injectionof estrogenic hormones intomothers, with the result thatfeminized males are produced.The extent to which maternalhormones affect normally devel-

oping fetuses is not known, butdiminution in size of the fetaluterus after birth and secretionof "witch milk" in both sexes areindicative of a true influence.

ThyroidThis gland begins endocrine

activity early in development;thyroglobulin has been identifiedby a precipitin reaction as earlyas the third month, and iodine isknown to be present by the sixthmonth in humans. Fetal thyroidsbehave in the same manner asadults with respect to amphibianmetamorphosis, when taken fromboth three and five months hu-man fetuses. The maternal hor-mone in the human is availableto the fetus, and an athyreosismay develop after parturition al-though none was present in thefetus.

ThymusThere is virtually no evidence

for an endocrine function of thethymus. It is apparent in humanfetuses of about three months asa lymphoid organ. The experi-ments of Rowntree, involving in-jection of thymic extract into sev-eral successive generations ofrats resulted in more rapidgrowth, sexual precocity andgreater size of offspring; butthese results lack confirmation byother workers.

HyphophysisNeither posterior lobe extracts

nor gonadotropic hormones of theanterior lobe, when injected intorabbit fetuses, produced the usualeffects on the mother; likewisematernal injections failed to ap-pear in fetal fluids, strongly sug-gesting that the placenta is notpermeable to these substances.

A pressor substance has beenidentified in the human hypophy-sis at six months fertilizationage. Growth promoting sub-stances from the anterior lobe,however, appear later; and gon-adotropic hormones are the lastto become functional.

InsulinIslets of Langerhans can be

discerned at three months, butprobably are not functional atthis time. Because of the corre-lation of time of appearance ofglycogen in the fetal liver anddevelopment of islet tissue it isthought that fetal insulin playsan important role in carbohydratemetabolism. It has also beenfound that diabetic mothers havebeen protected during pregnancyby the fetal pancreas, thoughpancreatic hyperplasia in thefetus may accompany the protec-tion and result in postnatal hypo-glycemia.

(This series of articles basedon Windles's Physiology of theFetus will be concluded in thenext issue of the Log Book witha review of the fetal muscularand nervous systems.)

-Hugh Clark, Ph. D.




l ~ ~ ~ ~ _

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

THE LOG BOOK

Fortyourth C

Forty-Fourth ConventionThe Forty-Fourth Annual Con-

vention of the Iowa Society ofOsteopathic Physicians and Sur-geons was held in Des Moines onMay 6 and 7.

The following officers wereelected on Thursday, May 7:President, Mary E. Golden, DesMoines; vice president, J. K.Johnson, Jr., Jefferson, andDwight S. James, lay secretary-treasurer.

Trustees elected for three-yearterms are W'. S. Edmund, RedOak, and J. R. Forbes, Swea City,

Marvin E. Green, Storm Lake,was elected to the legal and leg-islative committee for a five-yearterm succeeding R. P. Westfall,of Boone.

Delegates to the American Os-teopathic Association conventionat Chicago, Illinois, are Mary E.Golden, J. K. Johnson, Jr., andHolcomb Jordan.

Department and CommitteeChairmen

President Golden has appointedthe following as department headsand committee chairmen for thepresent year: Department ofprofessional affairs, J. K. John-son, Jr., Jefferson; membership,H. L. Gulden, Ames; conventionprogram, J. K. Johnson, Jr., Jef-ferson; hospitals, L. W. Jamieson,Sioux City; ethics and censorship,J. W. Rinabarger, Keosauqua;vocational guidance, John Q. A.Mattern, Des Moines; conventionarrangements, Ruth Paul, DesMoines; Ophthalmology, H. J.Marshall, Des Moines; public andprofessional welfare, Theo. M.Tueckes, Davenport; press rela-tions, J. R. Forbes, Swea City;public education, Harold D. Mey-er, Algona; radio, Paul E. Kim-berly, Des Moines; department ofpublic affairs, D. E. Hannan,Perry; veterans affairs, H. D.Wright, Hampton; child healthconference, H. A. Barquist, DesMoines; industrial and institution-al service, Dale S. House, Du-buque.

Special ConmmitteePresident Golden has named J.

R. Forbes, Swea City, chairmanof the fiftieth anniversary cele-bration of osteopathic education.The celebration will be held inIowa, and throughout the nation,on October 3, 1942.

PersonalsE. W. McWilliams was recent-

ly elected mayor of ColumbusJunction.

R. K. Richardson, of Wesley,is now serving as president of theWesley public schools.

George C. Keays has been ap-pointed city health physician bythe mayor of Gravity.

Membership ApplicationsMabel E. Andrews, PerryWesley Glantz, Des MoinesGeo. W. Marston, LewisR. K. Richardson, WesleyHarry E. Wing, OttumwaJ. G. Garton, CharitonL. D. Barry, Belle PlainePhil McQuirk, AudubonLillian M. Dunlop, Pocahantas.Frances G. Saylor, Storm Lake.H. H. Bobenhouse, Earlham.

-Dwight S. James


We have considered briefly thevarying pathology in the osteo-pathic lesion area during its in-cipiency. It is diffuse or local,depending upon the etiology.After 48-72 hours, the pathologi-cal process involves a far greateramount of tissue. In fact thesecondary process is fairly gen-eral in the area-affecting eventhe area of initial trauma in theovertly primary lesion. This isthe pathologic process we nowwish to consider, both generallyand specifically, and it is vitallyinteresting in that it demonstratesthe source and mechanism of thereflex effect of a lesion, or themechanism of every somatic orvisceral expression.

Regardless of the etiologic fac-tor after the time interval men-tioned, the tissue in the lesionarea has a number of factors ofgreat concern. There is an isch-emic factor due to arterioar orartesial constriction that is trans-ient but recurs frequently. Sec-ondly, there is an hypermic andengorging factor that followseach ischemic phase, and it caneither be corrective or cellularlytraumatic. Thirdly, the mostcommonly found element is pas-sive congestion. The definitecongestion and engorgement ofthe venous and lymphatic returnchannels that is parent to a greatnumber of effects on colloidal tis-sue. It introduces another ische-mic factor, metobolic disturbance,pH change of measureableamount, fluid storage, acidoticedema and + hydraulic pressure,marked increase, and markedvariation in muscle tension, andmuscle, and nervous motor units,these being also of measurabledegree.

First the ischemic factor dueto the segmental stimulation.The segmental hyper-irritabilityis produced by the mass stimula-tion of the afferent end organsdue to local trauma, or the con-stant irritation of those endplates caused by the inflamma-tion in the viscus, or the seg-mentally related somatic area.The great number of afferent im-pulses bombard the given cordsegment, and produce a state ofsegmental hyper-irritability. Thecord segment, or nucleus func-tions in direct proportion to thetotal number of afferent impulsesfrom all sources. These impulsesare transferred to the connectorneurones as well as to the anter-ior horn cells through the associ-ational fibers. The motor cellsin the anterior horn respond bycontracting the segmentally re-lated musculature. That part ofthe nerve tissue involved beingprimarily affected, hence certainmuscles and parts of muscles areaffected more than other parts ofthe same muscle. The contract-ing muscle requires for normalfunction a greater amount ofoxygen, glucose, and a greatervenous and lymphatic return andintermittent regular relaxationphases. In the lesion area thisis prevented by the same factorthat produced the contraction ofthe muscle. The impulses pass-ing along the connector neuronesare spread widely to the cells of

origin of the grey rami communi-cantes, and through those fibersby way of the same spinal nervecauses vaso-constriction in thearea. Hence instead of having avaso-dilation and greater amountof glucose and oxygen there is areduction in these elements. Themaintained contraction impairsthe motion factor so essential invenous and lymphatic return, andthe products of metabolism arepermitted to accumulate. A stateof ischemia then exists. Themuscular tissue is forced to con-tract, and at the same time theessential elements for supply tothe muscle in ctnortction are re-duced in amount. This ischemiahas a chemically traumatic ef-fect upon the tissue. The meta-bolism is perverted, and the acidproducts are accumulated due tothe venous and lymphatic im-paired return. There is due tothe ischemia a destruction ofsome cells and Histamin orBoyd's H substance is liberated.A vaso-dilation or paralysis ofthe neuro-muscalur mechanismin the artery and arteriols re-sults, and the capillaries are in-creased in permeability. For allwe know this may be the actualmechanism of vaso-dilation fol-lowing any maintained vaso-con-striction. With the developmentof the paralysis of the blood ves-sels and the capillary dilation thestage of ischemia due to vaso-constriction and muscle contrac-tion is brought to an end. Theactive hyperemia that resultsmay neutralize the tissue acidity-restore normal alkaline bal-ance, carry adequate oxygen tothe area, and if the muscle relax-ation phase is present, the venousand lymphatic return facilitated,then the inflammation may be re-duced. Doubtlessly in this phasemost expressions correct them-selves.

If, however, the muscle con-traction remains, then the activehyperemia further congests thearea. Without the motion factorand without muscle contractionfollowed by relaxation the returncirculation is inhibited. Duringthe engorgement due to activehypermia there may be palpablepulsation if a large muscle is in-volved, and far more frequentlythe patient is aware of a throb-bing pain associated with eachheart beat. The same pulsationcan be occasionally produced byapplying heat to the body surfacewhen the inflammatory changesare in this degree. The momen-tary increase in pressure due tothe arterial wave added to thepressure of edema on the sensorynerve terminals is productive ofthe pain or throbbing. At thisstate an ice-bag is indicated morethan heat to prevent the en-gorgement as much as possible.Such treatment is indicated earlyin any acute myositis or even infractures. If fracture is not pres-ent the early use of ice to pre-vent engorgement and mild mas-sage to facilitate venous andlymphatic return may abort orrender less acute and far morerapid recovery from the, inflam-matory process.

The state of detectable activehyperemia is of short durationfor with a greater supply of fluidgoing into tissue and less return-

ing it is only a matter of severalhours at a time that the hypere-mia can exist until a state ofcomplete passive congestion re-sults.

It is during the state of activehyperemia with the co-incidentmyospasm that not only acutethrobbing pain frequently occursbut also hyper-function of certainviscera that are normally inhibit-ed by sympathetic stimulation.This active hyperemia producesin visceral tissue excessive secre-tion, excessive motion, perversionof motion, etc., hence for a perioddiarrhea, polyria, vomiting, exces-sive pulmonary secretion andasthmatoid attacks and other ef-fects can be so induced by thetransient periods of a lesion inwhich there exists an active hy-peremia. These effects are nor-mally the result of parasympath-etic stimulation.

Thirdly and most commonlypassive congestion or venous andlymphatic congestion is encoun-tered in the lesion area. Almostfrom the onset of the lesion, beit primary or secondary, varyingamounts of venous and lymphaticcongestion occurs, the same beingtrue for the related viscera. Thistertiary effect upon visceral func-tion is one of decreased functionto most of the viscera, particular-ly to the G.I. or G.V. tracts.There is decreased function, de-creased secretion, diminishedmotion or peristasis, and impair-ed trophism. A rich arterial sup-ply is necessary to get such sec-retion and a passive congestionreduces such secretions. Many ofthe bodies secretions are bac-teriostatic such as the nasal,sinus and respiratory mucosalfluids. Some secretions are lo-cally self protective as the anti-enzymes of the stomach and in-testines that prevent our own col-loidal tissue normally from beingbroken down by the proteolyticaction of pepsin wth HC1 andtrypsin. Hence it is easily under-stood how the effect of the lesionupon the viscus-impairing itssecretion or function predisposesto infections and metabolic di-seases.

The passive congestion in tissueproduces a characteristic train ofevents that is evidently the basisof all inflammation in absence ofinfection, and even then the in-fectious process is only added tothis basis of inflammation.

Venous and lymphatic conges-tion causes the accumulation ofnormal and abnormal metabolicproducts in the tissues. Theseproducts are acid and lower thepH of the tissues. An increasedHion concentration has a profoundeffect upon tissues and their phy-siologic function, but the visableeffect first is edema. This fluidstorage is seen in and betweencells in any area of inflammation.There is capillary damage andred and white cell infiltrationinto the area. This inflamma-tion and the perversion of phy-siology will be discussed regard-'ing each of the tissues separately.

-Byron E. Laycock

BirthDr. and Mrs. R. E. Lingenfelter'

announce the birth of a son, Step- .hen Irwin, on May 1st, 1942.

I


THE

LOG BOOKf Accepted for mailing at



Volume 20 JUNE 19, 1942 NUMBER 6I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _,

EMBRYOLOGY

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FETUS(Concluded)

Fetal MusclesContraction of smooth, cardiac

and skeletal muscle occurs em-bryonically before innervation ofthe fibers. The myoblasts respond

Dr. Hugh Clark

to chemical, thermal and elec-trical stimuli before myofibrilsare discernible. and therefore be-fore cross-striations have appear-ed. As might be expected thethreshold of mechanical stimula-tion decreases with anatomicalperfection of the muscle. Theseearliest contractions occur inhuman embryos of about 5 weeksand innervation of the shouldermuscles has been observed atabout 7 weeks.

The first muscular responsesare simple twitches in all typesof muscle. Later the twitchesbecome rhythmic, as in theamnion and heart. Rhythmicityhas been observed in skeletalmuscle also, but ordinarily as de-velopment proceeds it respondsonly to nervous stimuli whichmay or may not be rhythmic.With increase, in age, of course,larger number of fibers respondsimultaneously so that tetaniccontractions may be elicited at anearly age. Such responses mayalso be evoked by electrical ormechanical stimulation of thecord itself.

Nervous SystemFunctionally development of

the nervous system is manifest-ed in many instances in muscularresponse, and as these increase,so-called behavior patterns areinstituted. Three steps occur inthe formation of behavior pat-terns: myogenic responses illu-


Registration of Diathermy Devices

Required by FCC

All possessors of diathermy apparatus must registereach such device with the Federal Communications Com-mission in Washington, D. C., by June 8, 1942. Applica-tion for registration shall be made on forms furnished bythe FCC. The forms shall be obtainable from the FCC,Washington, D. C. or from any of the field offices of theCommission. Convenient field offices for physicians inIowa are: Inspector in Charge, FCC, 809 U. S. Courthouse,Kansas City, Mo.; Inspector in Charge, FCC, 246 U. S.Courthouse, Chicago, Illinois; Inspector in Charge, FCC,208 Uptown Post Office & Fed. Cts. Bldg., 5th and Washing-ton Sts., St. Paul, Minnesota. (See June A.OA. Journal,pgs. 441, 442.)

I i

Dr. R. B. Bachman National RosterReturns Of Scientific and

Specialized PersonnelGood news for his many friends

was that Doctor R. B. Bachman In the very near future the Na-is back for the coming semester tional Roster of Scientific andto teach the senior obstetrics Specialized Personnel, Washing-ton, D. C. (See April Journal, p.

352) will be mailing to everyosteopathic physician in theUnited States and territories, re-gardless of age or sex, a question-naire and a technical check listboth of which must be filled outand returned at once.

The purpose of the question-naire is to elicit a complete fileof information concerning educa-tion, experience, scientific andprofessional affiliations and otherdata. The purpose of the tech-nical check list is to develop foreach science or profession a com-prehensive analysis of the activi-ties in the respective fields beingsurveyed.

The questionnaire and checkDr. R. B. Bachman list are entirely separate from the

Selective Service Occupationalclass. Dr. Bachman is perhaps Questionnaire which most every-one of the outstanding ob- one has received, filled out andstetricians in the state of Iowa returned by this time and again

separate from the regular Selec-and needless to say the students tive Service Questionnaire whichof Still College are extremely is being mailed at the presenthappy to have him back on the time to registrants in the Thirdfaculty. Registration (ages 20 to 21 in-

Another new name on the clusive and 37 to 44 inclusive).faculty is that of Doctor Merle It is imperative that every phy-B. Landis who will teach Bac- sician, male and female, active orteriology in addition to his duties retired regardless of how manyin the obstetrical department. other questionnaires have been

Dr. Landis is a May graduate filled out already sign and returnof Still College. the National Roster's question-

Looking Forward

At the time this issue of theLog Book goes to press, activitiesin and about the College are at ahigh peak. The new class prom-ises to break recent records innumbers, and gives every evi-dence of a high quality of mem-bership. They come from widelyscattered areas, from as far eastas West Virginia and as far westas Utah. In spite of the factthat enrollment has been consid-erably lessened, due to the vari-ous activities associated with theWar Program, the past year hasbeen a most successful one, andwith the fine new class entering,the prospects for a constructiveyear ahead are excellent. TheFaculty has been increased andthere has been some re-arrange-ment of faculty load. Our newPresident, Dr. J. P. Schwartz,with his fine understanding ofcollege problems and needs,brings a new enthusiasm to theinstitution that speaks well forits continued progress and de-velopment.

A new waiting and loungeroom has been provided by theStudent Council for the studentdoctors in attendance on thevarious clinics. They aim for in-creased interest and comfort forthose engaged in these services.

There has been a feeling ofwonderment, and perhaps a littleapprehension, concerning the newplan of conducting the regularcollege session during the sum-mer months, but if the spirit ofinterest and enthusiasm manifest-ed continues, we have every rea-son to believe that it will proveto be a most successful venture.Both faculty and student bodyfeel that it is their privilege andopportunity to make this contri-bution to the War Program, andit is done gladly and generously.We are on the mark, we are set,and ready to go!

-R. F. S.

naires and check list just as soonas received. The Government hasan accurate check on whether ornot you return your question-naire and check list not onlythrough the Selective ServiceSystem but also through informa-tion supplied by the AmericanOsteopathic Association.

The American Osteopathic As-sociation is cooperating with theGovernment in the mechanicaldetails involved in the mailing ofthe National Roster's question-naire and check list.

NEXT CLASS ENTERS OCT. 17, 1942

c' ) O

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THE LOG BOOK

Before leaving for a short sum-mer vacation, several of themembers of Phi Sigma Gammahad the pleasure of taking partin the wedding of Brother Foxand Miss Dorothy Baker. BrotherPhil Reames was best man,Brother Crotty, vocalist, BrothersDeer, Wentling and Lewis ush-ers. Brother Harris played forthe formal reception held in thechurch parlor after the wedding.All the members gave the new-lyweds their best regards.

By fate of war, all the studentshave had to return for the sum-mer session. Although we are allgoing to miss the "good old sum-mer time," we all feel better tothink that we are doing all wecan to contribute to the war ef-fort.

All the members of Phi Sigmawelcome the new men who haveentered school this summer. Weare always glad to see such alarge class as has entered thisJune-especially during such atrying time. We will try to beof all possible assistance in yourorientation and hope that we willsee you after.

We hope to see many of ouralumni who are passing throughDes Moines on their summervacations. The house is alwaysopen and some practical advicefrom an alumnus in the field isalways welcomed.

H. G. H.

At a called noon meeting of thechapter, the following officerswere elected and installed.

Mary Toriello, President; MaryWilliam, Vice President and Cor-responding Secretary; EmmaMacAdams, Treasurer; MaryKlesner, Recording Secretary andGuard.

A dinner was held in honor ofthe graduating seniors, RachelAnn Payne, Mildred Weygandtand Maxine Seablom, at Mrs.Doty's Tearoom May 20th. Atthis time the graduates were pre-sented with Life Membership Cer-tificates and gifts from theSorority. At this same dinnerthe Sorority honored Dr. MaryE. Golden in her thirtieth yearof practice and presented herwith a small gift. Those presentwere: Drs. Mary E. Golden, Ra-chel Payne, Mildred Weygandt,Maxine Seablom, Ruth Paul, Ra-chel woods, Mrs. A. D. Becker,Mrs. Kenworthy, Mrs. Facto,Mrs. Laycock, Mrs. Cash, MaryKlesner, E. L. MacAdams andMary Williams.

Again a new semester is start-

Clinical

laboratory for

blood and

urine analysis

ing, and although our numberhas been greatly decreased, weexpect to have a busy and de-lightful summer.

M. W.

The Osteopathic Women's Col-lege Club met June 16th in thelounge of the Taylor Clinic. Thismeeting was held in honor of thenewly enrolled student's wives.Those present of this group were:Mrs. Blackler, Mrs. Sherwood,IV/l oi. .Lil lO tCIil~Uli, ¥ IVII ~3. kill! VV CI

and Mrs. Merrill.

The capable Mrs. H. J. Mar-shall has accepted the positionof sponsor of the O.W.C.C. Wewish to welcome Mrs. Marshallto our group.

Ambitious plans for the com-ing semester were outlined.

-P. H. S.

AorLambda Omicron Gamma, Cal-

varia chapter wishes to extendits greetings to all. Despite theshort vacation we are all gladand eager to be back at our work.To the new faces we extend ourheartiest congratulations on yourchoice of Osteopathy as your pro-fession, and wish you all the bestof luck.

The first meeting of the newsemester will have been held bythe time this edition comes offthe press. Presiding will be thenew officers, Louis Radetsky,cerebrum and Arthur Abramson,cerebellum. At this meeting thefoundation of our plans for thisnew semester will be laid.

-A. A.

BuyWar Savings Bonds

And Stamps

"We often speak of truth. Wesay great truth, and use manyother qualifying expressions. Butno one truth is greater than anyother truth. Each has a sphereof usefulness peculiar to itself.Thus we should treat with re-spect and reverance all truth,great and small. A truth is thecomplete work of Nature, whichcan only be demonstrated by thevital principle belonging to thatclass of truths. Each truth or di-vision as we see it, can only bemade known to us by the self-evident fact, which this truth isable to demonstrate by itsaction."

Still.

Still College recently receivedthe first registration for the fallsemester of 1943, that of HarryElston, son of Dr. H. E. Elston ofNiles, Ohio. Harry, an honor stu-dent in high school has enteredhis pre-osteopathic work.

Dr. Elston is a 1924 Still Col-lege graduate.

The Senior Banquet

On Monday evening, May 25th,one of the most brilliant and col-orful events of the college yearwas celebrated in the SeniorBanquet at Younkers beautifulTearooms. Covers were laid forsixty and the tables were beauti-fully decorated with peonies fromthe gardens of Dr. John M.Woods. Short talks were givenby Dean J. P. Schwartz, the newincoming President of the Col-lege, by Dr. John Woods, theFaculty Adviser of the Class, byOrva L. Wentling, the Presidentof the Class, and by Dr. ArthurD. Becker, Master of Ceremonies.An air of happy and carefreespirit was evident, and it was agenuine pleasure to have thewives and parents of members ofthe Senior Class present.

These Senior Banquets extend-ed to the members of the gradu-ating class and their friends bythe Officers and Faculty of theCollege are high-spots in mem-ory for those participating.

-R. F. S.

HOURS FOR RED CROSS INSTRUCTORS' ANDSTANDARD FIRST-AID COURSES DURING THE

A.O.A. NATIONAL CONVENTION

Instructors' Course(doctors only)

Standard Course(lay persons)

Mon., July 13 3 to 5 p. m. 1 to 3 p. m.Tues., July 14 8 to 12 noon 2 to 5 p. m.

7 to 9 p. m.Wed., July 15 8 to 12 noon 3 to 5 p. m.Thurs., July 16 8 to 12 noon 9 to 12 noon

2 to 5 p. m.Fri., July 17 8 to 12 noon 9 to 12 noon

1:30 to 5:30 p. m. 2 to 4 p. m.7 to 9 p. m.

Sat., July 18 8 to 12 noon1:30 to 3:30 p. m.

Total 30 hours Total 20 hours

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T1\T4cr h'>hriqciq -n0n Biro,/T q/t-hITTdqh

THE LOG BOOK



Editor ...Richard F. Snyder, B. S.

Advisor..-............Arthur D. Becker


The Graduating Class

On May 29th, 1942 Des MoinesStill College had the happy pleas-ure of graduating a fine group ofOsteopathic Physicians and Sur-geons, numbering twenty-seven.Commencement exercises wereheld in the beautiful auditoriumof St. Johns Lutheran Church.The speaker of the evening wasBishop J. Ralph Magee of theMethodist Church, who with hisfine background of experience,gave a most eloquent andthought-provoking address. Hissubject was "The Unearned In-crement of Personality."

Immediately following the re-cessional, a reception was heldin the parlors of the church,where the members of the grad-uating class had the opportunityof meeting and receiving thecongratulations of their manyfriends present.

A very large percentage of theclass plan to take internships invarious Osteopathic Hospitals indifferent parts of the country,from Boston to Denver. Obvious-ly Des Moines Still College ofOsteopathy has a continued inter-est in each of the members ofthis class, and extends to themsincere best wishes for success intheir somewhat widely chosenfields.

-R. F. S.


The processes of inflamationas they occur in the lesion area,the means of their detection ordemonstration, their effect local-ly and remotely on the mechan-isms of the production of thateffect are all of major im-portance. Each cannot be giventhe intricate consideration theydeserve in a paper of thisbrevity but an attempt will bemade to mention each of thefactors above and some indica-given as to their relative im-portance as we visualize the le-sion involvement of each tissuepresent.

1. Bone. Unfortunately theterm Osteopathy suggests to thoseignorant of the Science, that themajor point in an Osteopathiclesion would be a pathologicchange in the bone tissue. Actual-ly bone tissue in the lesion areais only midly altered and thenonly after the protracted pres-ence of lesion pathology. It istrue that certain medullary canal


Senior AwardsAnatomy

Lyle L. Ackerson, Jack R. Lilly,John A. Link, Rachel Ann Payne,Philip W. Reames.

ObstetricsLyle L. Ackerson, Merle B.

Landis, Rachel Ann Payne, PhilipW. Reames.

General ClinicLyle L. Ackerson, Merle B.

Landis, Philip W. Reames, Orva0. Wentling.

GynecologyCharles S. Randels.

Embryology


strating muscular competence;neuromotor activity, developedfirst in the trunk-shoulder region;and lastly, reflex pathways, whichfollow closely upon the establish-ment of neuromuscular connec-tions.

Reflexes cannot become com-pleted until afferent and efferentpathways are formed, as well asreceptors, connector neurons andsynapses. Two conceptions re-garding the origin of complicatedreflex behavior: (1) individua-tion from a fully integrated totalpattern and (2) separate appear-ance of local reflexes until themass reactions can be accomplish-ed. Suffice it to say that themode in humans probably is thelatter, whereas the former devel-ops in lower vertebrates which donot show such marked, early ce-phalic dominance. The first move-ments to appear in humans, atapproximately 7 weeks, are ex-tension of the head and motion ofthe forelimbs. These are dis-tinct and are both of reflex na-ture, which can be elicited in avariety of ways besides directstimulation of the face or fore-limb. Such physiological re-sponses are correlated with his-tological pictures which indicatethat the first reflexes are of thetwo or three-neuron type.

Following the appearance ofmany isolated, local reflexes suchas those mentioned, integrationof reflexes begins to develop asthe tracts of the cord becomefunctional. The first of these todevelop is the ventral longitudi-nal bundle; commissural neuronsdevelop at about the same timeand result in contra lateral re-flexes. Next, nerve fibers growcaudally from the medulla andmidbrain so that caudal stimula-tions of an 8-9 week fetus mayresult in (a) local reflexes, (b)reflexes involving more cephalicparts, (c) head movements and(d) trunk movements correlatedwith the head movements.

The reflex arc is initiated bythe formation of motor neuronswhich first establish connectionwith muscles; their appearance isfollowed by that of associationneurons and the last to appearare the afferent fibers. All ofthese elements are laid down be-fore synaptic connections aremade, and in a sense, reflex be-havior is actually delayed because

of the necessity for completion ofthe synapse.

Among the first connector neu-rons to appear are those in thereticular formation of the me-dulla which send fibers into thecord. Simultaneouly midbrainneurons differentiate and extendcaudally, forming a part of themedian longitudinal bundle. Theseare followed by tectal neuronswhich contribute to the tecto-bulbar and tectospinal tracts, dif-ferentiating in about the 5thweek in man. Four groups arethus developed: (1) local inter-and intrasegmental elements, con-stituting the ground bundles ofthe cord (2) reticulospinal tracts,(3) medial longitudinal fas-cicles and (4) tectobulbar andtectospinal tracts.

Spinothalamic fibers are nextformed, and shortly thereafter,thalamocerebral fibers appear. Itis only late in fetal life, how-ever, that the cerebrum exertsany considerable influence overlower motor activity. Some havemaintained that myelination isessential for function in thetracts of the brain as well aselsewhere but this does not seemto be true. Myelination andorder of development anatomical-ly may be correlated, but myelinis not a physiological necessity.

In spite of the early neuro-muscular abilities of the fetus,little movement occurs in humansuntil the fourth month of gesta-'tion. This lack of movement maybe explained by inadequate in-trauterine stimuli and also by thehigh threshold in the fetal cen-tral nervous system. It has beenobserved in lower mammals thatspontaneous motor discharge or-dinarily does not occur; afferentfibers and completion of reflexpathways are usually necessary.The threshold may be lowered byreducing the oxygen content inthe blood to the fetal brain,without actually producing as-phyxia; the result is more pro-nounced movements upon stimu-lation and even spontaneous, rhy-thmic respiratory movements. Theoldest established reflexes are thelast to be affected by anoxemia.

Fetal Motor Reactions andReflexes

Respiratory movements havebeen discussed previously (LogBook, March, 1942). Likewise,sucking and swallowing mechan-isms are completed well beforebirth. At 9 weeks opening andclosing of the jaws is possible,and shortly after this, the tonguemay be protruded, although itsedges cannot be rolled up untilseveral days later. Lip movementshave been seen at about 10 weeks.It would be safe to conclude thatthe complete, rhythmical, suck-ling movements can be made inthe fourth month. At this timeswallowing movements are alsofunctional and improve as gesta-tion progresses.

The components essential forlocomotion (righting, posturaltonus and alternate synchronouslimb movements) are all develop-ed at birth, although, because ofmuscular weakness they may notbe executed. All three are pres-ent well before term, presum-

ably a guard against prematurebirth.

Flexion of the fingers follow-ing tactile stimuli on the palmoccur at 11 weeks; at twelveweeks, the same stimulus elictsflexion of the thumb also. How-ever, sustained gripping does notoccur until about 6 months devel-opment. In the early fetal periodspontaneous dorsal flexion of thegreat toe has been seen. TheBabinski phenomenon could beelicited in the third and fourthmonths, and cervical section ofthe cord did not alter the re-sponses.

Fetal SensesFrom previous remarks it is ob-

vious that relatively early in de-velopment sensory fibers arefunctional from cutaneous areas.Distinction between pain, press-ure and temperature sensibilityprobably does not occur untillate in fetal- life. It is ques-tionable whether proprioceptivefibers are functional as such inearly fetal life, since the spe-cialized nerve endings do not ap-pear before three months. Theyprobably are responsible, however,for many fetal movements in thelatter half of pregnancy.

Taste and smell are developedthough in the latter case, it mayin late fetal life in humans,be the chemosensitive trige-minal fibers rather than olfac-tory fibers which are responsi-ble. The distinction between sour,salt and bitter probably is not de-veloped for some time after birth,although both late fetus and in-fant are sensitive to sweetstimuli.

Hearing is developed in latefetal life, but does not becomein any sense acute until amnioticfluid has drained from the middleear. Also pupillary responseshave been observed in prematureinfants, indicating the capacityto differentiate between light anddark even while in utero whereno light stimuli can be present.

This, and the preceding fourarticles on physiology of the fet-us which have appeared in theLog Book (February to June,1942) represent a brief, but it ishoped, adequate review of thesubject as presented by Prof. W.F. Windle in his book "Phy-siology of the Fetus," (Saun-ders, Philadelphia). In justice tothe author it should be stated thatit is not a complete abstract, sinceattention was directed particular-ly to human development. Thenature of the material and thevariety of experimental animalsused in the pertinent studiesvirtually necessitate the commis-sion of some errors in these re-views. It is hoped that Prof.Windle's highly- commendablesummary volume has not suffer-ed unduly at the hands of thepresent abstractor.

Hugh Clark, Ph.D.

"This is a war not for con-quest, popularity, or power. Itis an aggressive campaign forlove, truth and humanity. Welove every man, woman and childof our race; so much so that wehave enlisted and placed our livesin front of the enemy for theirgood." -Still.

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THE LOG BOOK

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Additional CommitteeAppointments

President Golden has appointedJ. O. Ewing, Bonaparte, Chair-man of the Society's Committeeon Maternal and Child Healthand L. L. Facto, Des Moines,Chairman of the Council on De-fense and Preparedness.

Dr. H. L. Gulden, Chairman ofthe Membership Committee, hasappointed the following member-ship subchairmen: C. K. Risser,Maquoketa, District I; Clive R.Ayers, Grant, District II; J. 0.Ewin, Bonaparte, District III; J.R. Forbes, Swea City, DistrictIV; W. C. Gordon, Sioux City,District V; and B. H. Devine, DesMoines, District VI.

Red Cross Instructors' CourseForty-eight osteopathic physi-

cians, from every section of thestate, attended a three-day(thirty-hour) intensive Red Crossinstructors' course on May 17, 18and 19 at the Des Moines 'StillCollege of Osteopathy and Surg-ery. The course was sponsoredby the Iowa Society under theleadership of Dr. Mary E. Golden.Speakers on the last day of thecourse were: Emerson G. Steph-ens, St. Louis, Mo., assistant di-rector of first aid water safetyand accident prevention, andCommodore W. E. Longfellow,assistant national Red Cross di-rector Washington, D. C.

Local physicians who becameinstructors through a similarcourse conducted last Februarygave the course for the first twodays. These instructors were:Paul Park, Paul Kimberly, JohnQ. A. Mattern, Hugh Clark, BerylFreeman, R. C. Rodgers andMary E. Golden.

Those who attended the three-day course are: Clive R. Ayers,Grant; W. R. Belden, Corona,New Mexico; John H. Broadston,Newton; Harry L. Cloyed, Blak-esburg; L. L. Facto, Des Moines;D. C. Giehm, Sioux City; G. B.Groves, Waterloo; H. L. Gulden,Ames; J. A. Hirschman, Chero-kee; R. W. Jack, Ogden; W. W.Jolley, Ottumwa; W. P. Kelsey,Des Moines; J. A. Kline, Mal-vern; R. R. Landry, Odebolt; J.R. McNerney, West Des Moines;C. W. Millard, Lake Andes, SouthDakota; W. F. Moore, Grafton;Theo. M. Tueckes, Davenport; C.R. Reynolds, Fairfield; G. A.Whetstine, Wilton Junction;Harry E. Wing, Ottumwa; C. E.Worster, Laurens; T. R. Griffith,Des Moines; J. H. Hansel, Ames;Rachel Woods, Des Moines; B. K.Bahnson, Burt; Martin Biddison,Nevada; W. P. Chandler, Jr.,Jefferson; T. S. Clark, Bradgate;Lillie M. Dunlop, Pocahontas; B.D. Elliott, Oskaloosa; F. M. Ge-Meiner, Stratford; W. C. Gordon,Sioux City; James E. Gray, New-ton; Marvin E. Green, StormLake; Harold Jennings, MasonCity; Lydia T. Jordan, Daven-port; Nellie D. Kramer Pella;E. J. Luebbers, Des Moines;Fred A. Martin, Murray; Har-old D. Meyer, Algona; Grace D.

Nazzarene, Dallas Center; H. M.Patterson, Mediapolis; K. B. Rig-gle, Des Moines; J. I. Royer,Woodward; T. J. Schloff, Palmer;B. E. Poundstone, Plover.

Alternates to A. O. A. Convention

The following have been namedalternates to the American Os-teopathic Association Conventionat Chicago, Illonis: 1. O. EdwinOwen, Des Moines; 2. G. A. Whet-stine, Wilton Junction; 3. H. D.Wright, Hampton.

The House of Delegates of theA. O. A. will be called to orderat 11:00 o'clock Saturday morn-ing July 11, in the Stevens Hotel,Chicago.

Department of ProfessionalAffairs

J. K. Johnson, Jr., Vice Presi-dent and Chairman of the De-partment of Professional Affairs,held a meeting of his CommitteeChairmen at Jefferson on Sunday,June 14. Also in attendance werethe membership subschairmen.

J. K. Johnson, Jr., to AddressHernia Section

J. K. Johnson, Jr., of Jefferson,has been invited to address theHernia Section of the A. O. A.'sforty-sixth annual convention.The invitation came from Wil-liam H. Behringer, Jr., Allen-town, Pa., program chairman ofthe Section.

American Association ofOsteopathic Examiners

D. E. Hannan, Perry, Presi-dent of the American Associationof Osteopathic Examiners, willpreside at the meetings of thatorganization which will be heldduring the week of July 12 atthe Stevens Hotel, Chicago.

Iowa Board of OstelopathicExaminers

The Board of Trustees, in com-pliance with the By-Laws of theSociety, has selected and sub-mitted the names of the follow-ing physicians (listed in alpha-betical order) for considerationby Governor Wilson in makinghis appointment to the Board ofOsteopathic Examiners:

H. A. Graney, Des Moines; M.E. Green, Storm Lake; J. A.Kline, Malvern; J. W. Rinabar-ger, Keosauqua; James R. Shaf-fer, Mason City; and H. B. Wil-lard, Manchester.

PersonalsLester McNichols, formerly of

Carroll, has recently moved toFremont where he is now en-gaged in practice.

R. C. Rogers, a recent grad-uate of Des Moines Still College,has opened an office in Hubbard.

Harry E. Wing, of Ottumwa,has been elected President of theLions Club of that city.

Membership ApplicationsJohn A. Link, Dubuque.Charles S. Randels, Des Moines.F. M. Crawford, RenwickR. W. Combs, ThompsonH. M. Fredericks, Ankeny

-Dwight S. James

Pursuit for a Reason(Continued From Page 3)

tissues are quickly affected asin castogenic anemia-but wehave no equipment that demon-strates the lesser changes in bonetissue until they progress to thedegree of visable osteogenesisor osteoclasis. These changes inbone tissue result from long con-tinued vasomotor and,trophic dis-turbances but they are indetect-able until their tissue effect ismacrosocopic. It must be remem-bered that arthritis is usually theresult of long standing or chronicsprain of joint surfaces with orwithout a super-added generaltoxemia of variable amount.

Arthritic changes in areas oflesion do occur and they are re-lated to the etiologic factors re-sponsible for the lesion. Thechanges may appear predominant-ly as atrophic arthritis with ad-hesion formation, diminution injoint space, destruction of intra-articular tissues and true ankylo-sis.

The changes may appear as hy-pertrophic or extracapsular ar-thritis with no reduction in jointspace, no ankylosis, but eburna-tion of the margins of the articu-lation with multiple exostasis andspur formation - with these ex-ostoses eventually reduction mo-tion range by impingement. Thereis local myositis, capsular thick-ening, fibrosis in each instance.Frequently there is a combinationof these pathological changes inchronic lesions with the intraand extra capsular factors devel-oping simultaneously in the ar-ticular region.

In the column of the pillarsthere are similar changes dueto the nutritional defect due toaberration. After years of a le-sion similar changes occur in thebodies and discs. There developslipping and spur formation aroundthe margin of the bodies, occa-sionally calcification of the liga-ments anterior and posterior, anda progressive charactistic trans-sition in the discs. If the lesionhas been one in which the articu-lation have been held at the ex-tremity of the range of motion-or if there has been a grouplesion as in an upper or middorsal kyphosis then it is foundthat the altered weight bearingfactors produces a greater in-volvement of a part of the bodywith thinning of the bone anddisc. Only occasionally is thisthinning great enough to obliter-ate the disc in an area with re-sultant bone to bone contact andsubsequent calcification and an-kylosis.

Occasionally a local osteoclas-tic change develops due to theyears of nutritional disturbanceand the bone is definitely de-vitalized to the point that lesioncorrection becomes a problem.This is particularly true in elder-ly individuals who have carried alesion for twenty-five to thirtyyears or more, but it is not limit-ed to the upper age brackets.

We can readily see that thelong period of time usually con-sumed in the development ofthese bone defects that the grossresponse of the bone to the le-

sion correction will be similarlyextended. Correction of such alesion might result in an im-mediate complete alleviation ofsymptoms and progressive im-provement take place - but westill would not observe altera-tion in the shape of the bone forseveral years at least.

Doubtlessly many of the acuteflare-ups following the first vigor-ous treatment, that incapacitatesthe patient, with acute inflamma-tion and pain for a period of fourto ten days is due to the break-ing off of spurs and lippings, rup-ture of adhesions and labrosities.If motion is maintained the in-flammation subsides and the rangeof motion and the patient is im-proved. If we do not retain themotion established by the manip-ulation and permit the chronicjoint to rest until it is free of painand inflammation then it is quitelikely true that adhesions havereformed in greater number thanpreviously existed. Hence the ad-vent of the rule, "Never manipu-late a chronic joint unless themotion can be maintained by re-peated application of mild forcesuntil the inflammation subsides."These factors of course will be upfor consideration only when inthe occasional instance that wefind great fibrosis and atrophyof the soft tissues, and a historyof long standing lesion existence.

2. Ligament and disc.Lesion pathology affecting the

ligaments and the intervertebraldisc occurs constantly in anylesion area. The histologicchanges requires a longer periodthan necessary for the myositicand neuritic changes but notnearly so long as those of bone.After several months there isobservable an edema of tissueand a progressive proliferation offibrous connective tissue. Yellowelastic tissue is rapidly replacedby white fibres, reducing, the re-siliency and the range of motion.There is ligamentous thickeningand shortening due to the con-traction of this fibrous tissue. Ifthe ligament or portion of thedisc is under great stretch it isthen thinned, atrophied andfurther fibrous changes result.Some occupations, postures, etc.-will stretch a thin ligament andmuscle also to the point that arange of motion greater thannormal develops. Usually thechronic trauma and chronic nu-tritional changes results in reduc-tion in motion and function of thejoint and the ligaments are short-er, thicker and firmer.

The disc changes in the lesionarea are particularly importantand interesting. Much researchhas been accomplished pertinentto the disc so that nothing is leftto be inferred from our path-ology text. The disc will be con-sidered in the next issue.

-Byron E. Laycock.





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LOG BOOKs


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Volume 20 JULY 15, 1942 NUMBER 7

Many FacultyMembers to Attend

National Convention

The Still College representationat the National Osteopathic Con-vention in Chicago, from July 12-17, is a large one. As you readthis the following faculty mem-bers and officials of the school^wi-i be ..enjoying -the -fellowshipthere.

Dr. John P. SchwartzDr. Lonnie L. FactoDr. 0. Edwin OwenMrs. K. M. RobinsonDr. Paul E. KimberlyDr. Robert B. BachmanDr. Mary E. Golden

BOOK REVIEWThe Lengthening Shadow of

Dr. Andrew Taylor Still

By Arthur Grant Hildreth, D.O.

Truly a remarkable man wasthe "Old Doctor." All who knewhim loved him, admired and re-spected him, and entertained adegree of awe for him. As wellthey might, for here was a manwho seeing the glaring incon-sistencies and inadequacy of allo-pathic therapy as practiced in hisday was not content to sigh out awish there were some way hecould better serve sufferinghumanity. No, instead he re-nounced the allopathic theory andthought carefully, reasoned in-telligently and arrived at the con-clusion that today we call theOsteopathic Principle. It is atruth that is supremely logicaland is soundly based in cold bio-logical fact, but when Dr. Stilldiscovered and applied it it hadbeen lying dormant since the firstamoeba stirred itself to split andform two lives. Today even theallopaths must accept its truth-though continuing to ignore theapplication of it to a large extent.There is no hard and fast defini-tion, of the Osteopathic Principle.Dr. Still was interested in it notfor itself but for its applicationto the curing of the ill. So thereis no carefully drawn up, highsounding statement known as"Still's Law." But briefly statedthe principle is that sound andnormal structure implies sound


She /Iew Semfee'The summer semester of college work is well on its way.

7We are now experiencing educational regulations necessi-tated by a nation at war.

The experience of a continuous curriculum has not provento be an unpleasant experience. The immediate responseof our faculty and student body in complete cooperation tomeet a war-time necessity has been most gratifying. Thespirit shown by both of these groups could only be inspiredby a desire to do their part in furthering the "all out" wareffort.

We are particularly pleased to note that each studentapparently appreciates the responsibility placed upon himby occupational deferment and is demonstrating this chargeby diligent application to his college work.

I believe too, that our alumni have an added respon-sibility at this time, namely student recruiting. All of ourOsteopathic institutions will be pressed by a reduction instudent enrollment. This will necessitate extra effort ininteresting prospective students and getting them registeredin our Colleges. We ask and expect your cooperation.

J. P. Schwartz, Pres.

Prominent AlumnusDies

Dr. D. H. Wire died June 24, atCorydon, Iowa, at the age of 38.Born in Columbus, Montana, in1903, he attended the Des MoinesStill College of Osteopathy wherehe was a member of the AtlasClub. He graduated with the Mayclass of 1930 and from 1932 haspracticed at Corydon. Here hewas for many years the cityhealth physician; a member oithe Masonic lodge, a well lovedcitizen(, and a successful doctor.

In 1941 Dr. Wire discovered hewas suffering from a fatal formof renal disfunction but despitebeing confined to his home hefaced his' plight with courage.

As a fitting tribute to his placein the regard and affection of thepeople of Corydon all the busi-ness houses on the town' squarewere closed during Dr. Wire'sfuneral services on June 26.

Both the school and the AtlasClub extend the most sinceresympathy to Dr. Wire's family atthe passing of this worthyalumnus.

BULLETINTo the Freshmen

You have no doubt experiencedsome evidences of the avid in-terest the fraternities have in you.But during the sixth week of thissemester comes your real chanceto get acquainted with the or-ganizations represented here atStill College. That is the weekof Fraternity Smokers and youare all welcome at each of these.In fact if you expect to pledgea fraternity this semester, whichwe hope you do, you must bepresent at all the smokers accord-ing to the ruling of the Inter-fraternity Council.

So put your bookmarks in yourtexts of Anatomy, Histology, et aland come out to meet the fra-ternities. There will be interest-ing programs of entertainment,refreshments and free smokes.We think you'll enjoy a briefrespite from trying to balanceyourselves "on the ball." So letthe ball roll on the followingnights and relax with the frats.

Monday. July 20-Atlas ClubWednesday, July 22-Iota Tau

SigmaFriday, July 24- Phi Sigma

Gamma

Pursuit for a ReasonThe intervertebral disc is the

important part of the column ofthe bodies of the vertebrae. Itsfunction is diverse and without itan incomprehensibly intricate dis-play of musculature would benecessary to permit the same phy-siology that the Vetebrata en-joy. Even then it would prob-ably not permit the assumptionof the erect position except forbrief periods of time and thedexterity of the human handwould never have developed be-cause of the constant require-ments of weight bearing and am-bulation.

The discs constitute 25% of

Byron E. Layocek

the movable spine, 20% of the en-tire spine, become thinned withdisease or trauma and are direct-ly proportionate to the mobilityof the spine. Biologically it is truethat function determines struc-ture, but in a given individual orrace at a given time-structuredictates the degree of function.

Anatomically considered thedisc is an interposed fibrocar-


Births

Word has been received of thebirth of a baby boy at the Dr.and Mrs. H. F. Heideman home.

The new arrival weighing 7lbs., 13 oz., has been namedThomas Henry.

Dr. and Mrs. Lyle L. Acker-son are the proud parents of ababy boy, born June 28, 1942.


o< ~~ - > 4--- ~ ~<

- -- ------ .-

----

-4.5Nze,

THE LOG BOOK

0UYWith the coming of the new

summer semester, all of the fel-lows have returned with the ex-ceptions of Drs. Lilly andGeraghty, lost through gradua-tion.

At our regular business meet-ing on Thursday, June 25, 1942,the annual election of officerswas held at the Taylor Clinic.Those elected were; president,Frank J. Nasso; vice president,Bert R. Adams; secretary andcorresponding secretary, ThomasMcWilliams; treasurer, CharlesSchultz; great historian, John Hal-ley; sergeant-at-arms; J a c kShafer; pledge master, RobertHatchitt.

We're glad to welcome these-*__ -Cfl' --- --~1 ., 1, 1- 1-

The beginning of the College'sfirst try at a summer sessionfound, in keeping with the times,the Atlas Club with a fewchanges made. Most notable, per-haps, was the absence of Brother'Gordon Elliott of Toronto, On-tario, Canada. Brother Elliottwas called back to his home toanswer the call of his country intheir war effort. Elliott, who wasNoble Skull of the fraternity, haspassed the requirements and isaccepted in the technical divisionof the Royal Canadian Air Force.Though his absence is conspicuous,we admire him and congratulatehim in his new effort.

Brother Ronald Woods, of DesMoines, was recently elected tofill the vacancy left by BrotherxElliott. "Ronnie", who prac-tically inherited an interest inAtlas, has been outstandinglyactive in his some three years ofmembership. It is generallyagreed that he will make a com-petent and reliable leader.

Local Brothers of Atlas andstudents were pleasantly surpriseda few days ago when 'Virg Halla-day, former head anatomy pro-fessor at the school and now apnysician in New Mexico, spe-

lnew unL'ceir andlu men oacK anducializing in orthopedics, stuck hisray the coming year be as highly ruddy complexion and broad grinsuccessful as the preceding one. around one of our corners and

.Snme nf the hrnothers and said. "Hi". "Vire" has been aalumni will be attending theA.O.A. Convention in Chicago.Greetings to them and may theirvisit be highly an educational one.

Congratulations to Pledge Ma-jor Anderson on being the proudpapa of a baby girl.

Keep 'em flying!!-F. J. N.

V3 P/^

Sigma Sigma Phi held itselection of officers for the com-ing year at our last meeting.Gordon Elliott was elected to theoffice of president. A short timeafter this honor was bestowedupon Gordon, he was called toenter the armed forces of hismother country, Canada. We arevery sorry to lose Brother Elliottbut we were assured by him, thathe will return at his first op-,portunity. The vacancy was fillledby Brother Glen Deer who willact in the capacity of presidentfor the coming year. The remain-ing officers are:

Vice president, De Lauriers; sec-retary, Westfall; correspondingsecretary, Hatchitt; treasurer,Bennington; Sergeant - at - arms,Gaudet.

Sigma Sigma Phi is planninga number of entertaining meet-ings for the coming summermonths. A picnic, steak fry,swimming party and several suchactivities have been discussed andwxill hp r,"eild"r unon at Iour nPext

meeting.

Invitations to prospective newmembers will be sent out in thenear future.

godfather and active "plugger"ior the local chapter for manyyears. While attending to someousiness here, he stayed at thehouse and many happy hours of"bull session" were spent withthe boys and old acquaintances.Dr. Halladay is opening a new of-fice in Albuquerque, New Mex-ico, at East Central and Mesa,and he has reported encouragingresults even before he could of-ficially open the doors or his of-fice.

Recent activities of the localchapter include a Practical WorkNight with Dr. John Woods, fra-ternity brother and local phy-sician, as the guest speaker. Histopic was "Hash", or Emergen-cies, as he proceeded to inter-estingly enumerate and demon-strate the mixed-up ingredientsof the 'unexpected" in a generalpractice. On' Friday, July 17,the Brothers with their wives and(or) sweethearts will gather inthe evening at the house ror a pic-nic 'lunch in coordination with ageneral house-cleaning and agood time.

The Atlas Club extends the mosihearty welcome to the new Fresh-men. We were glad to have youat our last Practical Work nightand are looking forward to seeingyou again at the smoker on July20.

-G. A. D.

Buy

War Savings Bonds

And Stamps

At the last regular meeting ofDelta Chapter of Phi SigmaGamma, the fraternity launcheda new plan for a summer socialseason. Under the direction ofa committee composed of Broth-ers Clausing, Crane, Crotty andHarris we all intend to beat theheat through the medium of pic-nics, swimming parties and in-formal summer dances.

A genuine fraternity spirit hasbeen, shown during the past twoSaturdays in an effort to preparethe house for summer. One ofthe disadvantages of having afraternity house is that it mustbe thoroughly cleaned occasion-ally but far above this disadvan-tage is the satisfaction of havinga well-kept house through thecooperative effort of all the mem-bers.

All the members are lookingforward to the smoker-sessionwith the new Freshmen. Thesocial committee has begun towork on the entertainment andfrom the first report it shouldprove most interesting.

A formal initiation will be heldSunday, July 26, at he ChapterHouse.

At the last meeting BrotherHerb Clausing was elected HouseManager for the ensuing year,and Brother Dave Heflin waselected treasurer to replaceBrother Doug Frantz.

H. G. H.

The Osteopahtic Women's Col-lege Club met July 7 at the Tay-lor Clinic. The speaker of theevening was Mrs. Sam Kuramotoand her subject, "Flower Ar-rangement." Mrs. Kuramoto isan authority on this, having stu-died under prominent men in thefield in Los Angeles, so her talkwas most interesting.

The Club will hold a picnicSunday, July 19, at Avon Lakewith Mrs. Laycock as host at herhome there. Husbands are in-vited.

-P. H. S.

Births

Word has been received of thebirth of a son to Dr. and MrsWilliam S. Aspengren, June 131942.

The name of the child is thesame as the father's. Mother andbaby are getting along fine.

Mr. and Mrs. Major Andersorare now the parents of a babygirl, born July 8. We are tollthe baby's name will be CaroAnn but her father could bewrong! Major is now a Junio]at Still College.

BOOK REVIEW

(Continued from Page 1)

and normal function; and thatall human ills may be traced backto some structural pathology,gross or microscopic. having ar-rived at this conclusion Dr. Stlilproceeded to search out the basiccauses or various ills and devisesome means to correct tnem. Hefound many, and devised manywonderrul corrective measures;more ai-e being ueveioped by theosteopatnic profession continual-ly, and it was LJr. Still's firmoelier that in "all the ills thatman is neir to,' an underlyingstructural pathology is present,the correction or which will re-move the manifestations of it thatwe call disease. Vve realize thattnere are certain conditions inwhich the structural pathology isso minute in nature as to defypresent day means or detecting it,out who can deny that it existsmerely because his perception isnot acute enough to find it?

In this book, written in a stylethat is simple yet beautiful inits sincerity, Dr. Hildreth de-scribes the working of the OldDoctor's mind towards his goal andthe trials through whose firesboth Dr. Still and osteopathy pass-ed to emerge as a great man anda wonderful system of healing.Arthur Hildreth's love for theOld Doctor and his supreme faithin osteopathy give the book awarm and personal flavor. Hisrelation of anecdotes about Dr.Still and the early days of theprofession are fascinating; thecase histories along with themethods used in treatment areillustrations of how osteopathysucceeds where all other healingsystems have failed. Dr. Hildrethis an osteopath of the old school,the "ten-fingered" school, and thereader of his book cannot fail tolay it aside with an increasedrespect for osteopathy, a greaterfaith in its possibilities and aninspired determination not tomake any compromise with otherhealing systems.

Throughout the book Dr. Hil-dreth emphasizes that our pro-fession has had a continual strug-gle for its rights with the ma-jority school of medicine -theallopaths Realize this fact andremember the biological fact thatonly the fittest survive and youcannot help but be impressedwith the progress made by osteo-pathy since it was formally in-troduced in 1874 when Dr. Stillopened the doors to the first classin the first school for the teach-ing of the profession. This wasthe "American School of Osteo-pathy" at Kirksville, now the"Kirksville College of Osteo-pathy and Surgery." The sur-vival of osteopathy and itsphenomenal growth, its presentpopularity with people who haveexperienced its benefits and thenation-wide recognition by statelaws that it enjoys prove thatit is indeed one of the fit.

Never have the allopaths ex-tended the "helping hand of


.

I

A^cmn A f^ , n nnr I

THE LOG BOOK

rThe o TB as disciples of his profesion. InI e hob Innk j/^Q/lno small measure we owe ourThe Lo Boo "^^^^0 -Imr ^O O present nation-wide, state recog-

nition to the efforts of this pio-The Official Publication of neer who was a member of Dr.

DES MOINES STILL COLLEGE Still's first class, who served onOF OSTEOPATHY the faculty of the Kirksville

school for many years, who wasEditor........ Lester Raub B. S a memoer of the Missouri stateEditor -.... Lester Raub, B. . legislature for several terms, aAd * visor - J. P. Schwartz president of the A.O.A. and whoAdvisor ..................... P. Schwartz helped establish the Still-Hildreth

Osteopathic Sanitorium, whereOsteopathy Without Limitation before unprecedented results incuring insanity have been secured.He was the president of the sani-

Tribute torium for many years, and inaddition to all his other services

Since last fall Mr. Richard was a loyal and loving friendSnyder has been editing this to Dr. Still and his sons. A pro-paper as all whom he has hound- cession which can boast of mened for articles know. Dick has like Dr. Hildreth and of adone a fine job and deserves the progenitor like Dr. Still is sure-warmest congratulations for his ly one well-blessed.good work. He has given up A point discussed in this bookbeing an editor now to go into is the necessity for maintaining

_business on his own-a story for separate Osteopathic State BoardHoratio Alger, Jr. We all hope Examinations. In the s-atesthe local boy makes good with where a Composite Board existshis present charge, the Still Col- there is perhaps one osteopathiclege Book Store. As a plug for physician on, the examining boardDick and as advice for the new with six or seven allopaths.Freshmen - may they all grad- Naturally the questions asked onuate-buy new books and keep the exams will be taken from anthem, a good library in the of- allopathic point of view. Thisfice will inspire confidence in makes it necessary for the osteo-future patients. Also you can't pathic colleges to teach from akeep all that stuff in your heads, snore or less allopathic point ofit's a good idea to have it where view in order that their graduatesyou can look it up! may be able to pass the board

The present editor wishes to exams and to secure a license tothank Dick for his valuable as- practice. Statistics are quotedsistance in showing him the ropes to show that in states where theof the job, and hopes to maintain Composite Board exists the per-the high quality of Dick's work. centage of osteopaths licensed toWithout our retired editor's aid practice has fallen off greatlythere just wouldn't have been a in comparison to the numberLog Book this month-which I licensed in the same state whenknow you would all regret! the previous separate Osteopathic

-L. R. Board was in existence. Inde-pendent Osteopathic Boards failas large a percentage of their

]BOOK REVIEW students as the Medical Boardsdo M.D. students , but in the

(Continued from Page 2) Composite Board set-ups a muchfriendship," to quote Dr. Hil- larger percentage of osteopathicdreth, to the osteopaths. Our than of M.D. students fail to pass.way has been made despite their 'ihis proves, I think, that the twoearnest and bitter opposition. Dr. types of board exams are equallyHildreth tells that this has been hard but of a different nature,a benefit in disguise for it has and that when an osteopathicnot only kept the profession from student is forced to compete inbeing swallowed up by a merging the tests of a Composite Board,with the allopaths, but has help- whose questions are predominant-ed secure public recognition and ly allopathic in approach-he hassympathy. People, says Dr. Hil- a much greater chance of failing.dreth, are inherently fair and Basic Science tests as establish-just, and they hate to see a ed in many states are merely,worthy cause beaten down by according to Dr. Hildreth, anothersuch a bullying, monopolistic chance for the allopaths to takegroup as the A.M.A. has tried to a crack at the osteopathic stu-become with no little success. Re- den even before he graduates.sults are what count with peo- Both the Composite Board andpie who are sick, and the su- the Basic Science Tests, says Dr.perior results shown by osteopathy Hildreth, are thinly disguised at-have convinced the people that tempts by the allopaths to eitherit is a worthy cause. Instances prevent the licensing of osteo-are cited in this book where paths or to force our schools toallopaths have legally attempt- teach allopathic subjects, to theed to prevent osteopaths from detriment of our own, and thuspracticing, in the early days of to engulf osteopathy into thethe profession, and the doctor's monopolistic maw of allopathy.patients have petitioned for per- So it is imperative for everymission for him to continue prac- practicing osteopathic physicianticing. Dr. Hildreth was instru- to join the A.O.A. which is ourmental in helping secure state instrument for combatting therecognition of osteopathy. Put- designs of the M.D.s and to fightting his private matters aside he vigorously himself for the con-travelled to state legislatures far tinuance or establishment ofand wide. He would treat the separate boards and the abolitionlegislators free of charge and by of existing Basic Science Tests,his amazing results secure them as well as the prevention of

establishment of more of them.Dr. Still originated what is

proving to be the greatest devel-opment in the field of therapeu-tics that the world has everknown. It was the child of hiskeen intellect and was nurturedby his unflagging zeal, by hisabsolute faith in his convictionthat his principles were right andby the men and women of highability that Dr. Still's wonder-ful logic persuaded. Unlike manygreat men he did not have towait for death to bring himrecogntion. When he died in1917, at the age of 89, he hadseen osteopathy become an honor-ed and successful method of heal-ing, he had watched the estab-lishment of its fine colleges, hehad aided in the opening of theStill-Hildreth Osteopathic Sana-torium and seen the wonderfulrecord of cures there made. Hisbrain-child had grown to man'sestate and though its trials werestill many it had developedstrength to combat them. Dr.Still himself was a man! greatlyhonored and loved by all whoknew him, and he died in everyway a truly happy and successfulman. To quote Dr. John R. Kirkwho beautifully expresses theepitaph to a beautiful life:

"To the curbstone lad wesaid, 'What is it?' He said, 'Mykite.' We said, 'Where?' Hesaid, 'Up there in that cloud.'We said, 'No.' He said, 'Takethe string and feel it pull.' Tous a thread of life is snapped,and yet we feel it pull. The frailform in simple garb is at rest.The widening work goes on. Init the man yet lives and is andwill be of the everlasting in allthe ages."*

Truly osteopathy is the length-ening shadow of this wonderfulman, Dr. Still, the Old Doctor.

Reading this book should be agraduation requirement in allosteopathic schools-sure it wouldbe the most pleasant requirementof the curriculum and one whichwould do as much to make eachgraduate a good osteopath as anycourse in the school.

-Lester Raub.

*Hildreth, The LengtheningShadow of Dr. Andrew TaylorStill, page 298.

Despite the recommendation ofthe National Selective Service au-thorities that Osteopathic studentsbe deferred, certain Local Boards,acting within their power and forreasons they considered good,have seen fit to call some of ourboys to the Army rather thanleaving them in school to fighton the home front. Others of ourstudents, realizing they would becalled, have preferred to enlist.We are all interested in the wel-fare and progress of these StillCollege men and so it will be thepolicy of The Log Book to keepits readers posted on the where-abouts of our former studentsand graduates who are thus serv-ing their country. We know youare interested in them and that



tilage, developing in the intervalbetween each of' the movablebodies. It consists of varyingamounts of yellow elastic, andwhite fibrous connective tissueand of a thick, mucoid, gelatinoussubstance. The disc is formed bythree structures:

1. Cartilaginous Plates (two).2. Annulus Fibrosis.3. Nucleus Pulposis.1. Cartilaginous plates mark

the cephalic and caudal limits ofthe disc. The plates are thin, per-forated by eighteen or twentyholes and are attached to thebody of the vertebra immediatelyabove or below according towhether the plate in question ison the cephalic or caudal surfaceof the intervertebral disc con-sidered. This attachment is onlyat the circumference, to thecortical bone of the body of thevertebra--the large approximat-ing surfaces of the vertebra beingspongy bone with no cortex.Blood vessels, from the body ofthe vertebra and eventually fromthe artery to the body of thevertebra, penetrate the aperturesin the plates during uterine lifeand 'the early post-birth years.As soon as weight bearing is as-sumed, however, these arteries arerapidly and completely oblitera-ted. From early life on then, thedisc draws its nutrition from thebody o6 the vertebra and itsartery only by osmosis. Two fac-tors are of the utmost importance,obviously, first the normalcy ofthe vaso-motor control to theartery of the body of the ver-tebra, and second the rhythmicityof motion so important to lym-phatic return and osmosis. 2. An-nulus Fibrosis or annulus lamel-losis is a restraining factor tothe nucleus puposis. The an-nulus is not present (Ubermuth)at birth or before, but developsto the degree of detection in thefirst several months of life. Assoon as six months, when the spinehas already been used as a sup-porting structure, the annulus


they will be glad to hear fromyou readers how things are goinghere in school, with practicingmembers of the profession andwith any other of their friendswho may see this.

Any information you can giveconcerning our men who havejoined one branch or another ofthe armed forces will be greatlyappreciated and an effort will bemade to publish it. Here followsthe addresses which are availableat prezent.Lieutenant Joseph P. Gurka3rd En, [Iq., 18th Infantry, A.P.O.

No. 1c/o Postmaster, New York, N. Y.Gordon Elliott349 Quebec AvenueToroaco, Ontario, Canada.

Still Students with the Armed Forces

THE LOG BOOK

1 !4 V$ (President Golden to Speak

Station WCLF, Chicago

Mary E. Golden, President ofthe Iowa Society of OsteopathicPhysicians and Surgeons, and Ar-villa McCall, Evanston, Illinois,President of the OsteopahticWomen's National Association,spoke at radio station WCLF,Chicago, Saturday, July 11, at5:15 p. m., on the subject "Fem-ine Fitness for War Work."

Vice President Johnson ReceivesImportant Committee

Appointment

J. K. Johnson, Jr., Vice Presi-dent and Chairmanl of the Depart-ment of Professional Affairs ofthe Society, recently receivednotice of his appointment as amember of the Committee onConstitution and By-Laws forthe A.O.A. convention at Chicago,Illinois.

Dr. 'Gowans Enlists in NavyCharles F. Gowans, Marion, re-

cently enlisted in the U. S. Navyand was sworn in at Des Moineson July 1, as a pharmacist'smate, second class. He had prac-ticed in Marion, for the last sixyears.

Membership CampaignStarted

On June 16, Dr. Gulden, Chair-man of the Membership Com-mittee, started this year's mem-bership campaign. His subchair-men have selected membershipteams for the purpose of contact-ing all delinquents and nonmem-bers in the State. Work is pro-gressing satisfactorily.

Clipping Bureau Service

Pursuant to authorization anddirection of the House of Dele-gates, the Society has contract-ed with a clipping bureau servicefor receipt of all news storiesappearing in the Iowa press per-taining to the osteopathic pro-fession and its physicians.

Public EducationH. D. Meyer, Algona, Chairman

of the Society's Public EducationCommittee, is making plans foran extensive and comprehensiveprogram of public education dur-ing the present fiscal year.

Membership Applications

E. C. Skinner, Sutherland.G. I. Noe, Sheldon.

-Dwight S. James, Sec.-Treas.

Address Changes

Every month we receive re-turned copies due to a change inaddress.


force against the annulus thatcan( and does return the bodies toa neutral position without muscleeffort. A neutral position is de-fined as one of rest, when thevertebral bodies are in the posi-

Pursuit for a Reason tion of rest. Without this hy-draulic force always pushing the

(Continued from Page 3) bodies apart and pulling themtogether to maintain a neutral

grows and continues to increase position it requires but littlein size or proportion with the imagination to visualize the tre-addition of years and use. The mendous array of segmental, pre-greater the use -the greater the vertebral musculature that woulddevelopment of the annulus. The be necessary to guard the columnconnective tissue of which the an- of the bodies against motion innrulus is formed invests the nuc- all directions and to realign eachleus in laminations similar to segment after every voluntarythose of the onion-but at the action. The startling absence ofouter margin of the disc the prevertebral musculature is evi-hber of the annulus laminations dence of the efficiency of thefibers of the annulus laminations normal disc. For instance inare variously interwoven. For flexion there is a compression ofhere the lines of force to be re- the eisc an c ompres sion ofsisted come from all directions. the disc and nucleus ventrally and·here are no blood vessels in the a stretching of the annulus pos-annulus but there are lymph teriorly. The pressure on thespaces and channels. The annulus nucleus ventrally pushes it back-increases in size at the expense ward against the stretching fibersi the cartainous lat the expense of the annulus. Both these fac-of the cartilaginous plates, the tors resist further flexion. The

nucleus pulposis and the motion t ors resi s t f urethe r fl x i Thefactor, ail three being reduced incr ure of the fluidproportionately. The annulus is nucleus against the stretched fibersproportioattc is he ry to the of the annulus tends to force theattached at itgin s periphery to the nucleus back anteriorly, pushingeardilaginous plate s, and to the the bodies apart from flexion, to-

edge or the body of the vertebra ward the neutral position. Theabove and the one below, and to reverse is true in extension, andthe anterior and posterior longi- the same principle is effective inLudinal ligaments of the spine, lateral flexion with rotation.3. Nucleus pulposis is the cen- -Direct compression of the disc.tral portion of the disc. It is as in weight bearing is resistedfilled with a highly gelatinous by the compression directly onsubstance held under pressure. the nucleus forcing it in all direc-When the disc is cut in half the tions against the annulus and flat-nucleus bulges forth due to the tening it. The pressure of therelease of the restraining pres- nucleus is increased against thesure. For all practical purposes annulus around its circumferencethe nucleus is a synovial cavity causing it to bulge. Rhythmicalof a diarthrodial joint. In, the compression and separation ofinfant the nucleus pulposis utilizes the bodies with regard to the discmore than half of the interver- does not diminish its thickness.tebral space. The older the but static compression as inindividual becomes and the more standing all day does make thedisturbance to the local nutrition, disc thinner. We can be as muchthe smaller becomes the nucleus as a half inch shorter after aand the greater the annulus. The dty of standing than we were incavitv in the infitnt- ,i f;-itta-- Ytn 1-lh .±LnLi-:,0 . r o e t

..... -i.......-,, u l. n.^ vL- wir u mrlllt i ni g llulll l. e oicaer we getinfolding marginal villi that se- the less this daily shortening andcrete the gelatinous substance so lengthening process is evident,characteristic of the nucleus. The for from forty years onward wenucleus is the remnant of the become shorter due to thinningembryological notochord. of the discs. Not infrequently

There is a gradual change in folks seventy to ninty years ofthe nucleus as it ages. It be- age are two to three inches short-comes smaller, narrower, shrinks er than they were at thirty. Thewith the appearance of horizontal difference is, of course, in thefissures, the boundary becomes disc, and the decrease in motionpoorly defined and then lost in in the spine is proportionate tothe fibrous, cartilaginous annulus. the decrease in the thickness of

The physiological function of the disc.the disc is of great importance The reverse of this process isand complexity. It is like the not true. Efforts have been madecement between bricks, keeping by exercise and by contraptionsthem apart and holding them tothat stretch the spine to increasegether at the same time. The disc the height of people. The effectin function permits a fluidity of when produced is very transitorymotion that could hardly be ob- and the disc thickness rapidly re-tained in ay other way. Normal- turns to what is normal for thatly the disc permits a great free- person.dom of motion but offers increas- Disc changes progress in aing resistance the further that fairly characteristic way unlessmotion is carried in a given di- accelerated by trauma, inflamma-rection. This resistance is the tion, or nutritional disturbances.result of increased positive pres- As the average the appearance issure in the nucleus against the as follows.annulus fibrosis and the restric- First decade. The disc is high-tion offered by the interwoven ly elastic and easily compressible.fibers of the annulus at its peri- The annulus is clear, with thephery. When the voluntary mo- nucleus clearly defined from it.tion is arrested finally by the Second decade. The disc isannulus the increased pressure of highly elastic and compressible.the nucleus offers a continuous The annulus fibers are coarse,

and fibers have developed at themargins of the nucleus.

Thir decade. The annulus isthe same but the nucleus is lessclearly defined from the annulusand is fibrous, white instead ofclear and is more dense.

Fourth decade. In this decadepathological variations becomeincreasingly more common. Theannulus is considerably morefiberous and coarse, showing analready established diminution ofspinal motion. The nucleus isalso more fibrous and is decreasedin size.

Fifth decade. Now the disc isflattened, horizontal ridging isdefinite, nuclear margins arenearly indistinguishable, the an-nulus is more fibrous and themotion factor is obviously greatlyreduced. It is common to findpathological acceleration of thetrend to fibrosis.

Sixth decade. In it is further ac-centuation of the fibrous changesexpressed earlier. Pathologicallocal changes are severe and mo-tion is greatly reduced.

These changes develop accord-ing to this plan over the yearswith a fair degree of constancy.Sometimes spines are found withthe disc changes usually found atsixty present at thirty or forty.Far more frequently there willbe one or more of the twenty-three discs that will be similarto the sixty or seventy year olddiscs present in a spine thirtyyears old or younger. Beadleand Schmorl were greatly con-cerned with this fact and with itsetiology. Their pursuit for areason would not have had toextend very far to find the Osteo-pathic Lesion one frequent factorpotent enough to produce thedisc changes in one or all of atleast three different ways. 1.Vasomotor disturbances to theartery to the body of the verte-bra. 2. Trophic or nutritionalchange. 3. Impairment of thelymphatic return by reductionnf the Pc:·Qnflt;n1 r P-i fu iv. it c.-iiuc:,ti ljl iU LIIu n iactor.

Another group is the eighty orninty year old folks with discsthat are identical to those of in-dividuals thirty or forty, yearsyounger. It is likely true thatthe suppleness of their spinalcolumns contributes to their longlife. There is more than idiomatictruth in the statement, "One isas old as one's spine." We maywell say that we are as old asour intervertebral discs, exceptfor the fact tlhat the other seg-mentally related tissues run aparallel in the proportion offibrous tissue to parenchymatous.Nodes of Schmorl are buddingsof the nucleus that perforate theannulus and plate and project intothe soft body of the verterbra.These herniations have receivedmuch attention in recent years.

The intimate relation of thediscs to motion is vital to thesegmental anatomy and to theOsteopathic Physician attemptingto normalize segmental mobility.The disc is one dominant reasonwhy each manipulative treatmentshould be concluded with at leasta few minutes of passive motionand the carrying of the articula-tions through their completerange of motion several times.

-Byron E. Laycock.

r


THE

LOG BOOK TXAccepted for mailing at



Volume 20 AUGUST 15, 1942 NUMBER 8.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Still StudentsWith the Armed Forces

Here are the addresses of moreof our fellows serving with theU. S. forces. We hope you havesome spare time to drop them aline.Pvt. Gustaf Peterson858th Chemical Co. A. B.Davis Montham FieldTuscon, Arizona.

Patrick Lombari, P.H.M. 3-C.U. S. Naval Hospital (Medical

Storeroom)San Diego, Calif.

Jack YarhamU. S. N. T. S.Camp Kidd,San Diego, Calif.

Larry M. BeldenCo. B, 103rd Med. Tr. Bn.,

1st PlatoonCamp Robinson, Ark.

Pursuit for a ReasonMuscle tissue is the next sub-

stance we must investigate inour pursuit for the reason forthe lesion effect and maintaining'factors.

Muscle pathology has beendscribed up to the 24-48 hour in-terval following the onset ofmyolsitis. It is important thatwe visualize that OsteopathicLesion pathology locally is iden-tical with the tissue changes pres-ent in any joint sprain or softtissue strain, and that the musclepathology is identical with anymyositis. There is nothing uniqueor original in the local pathologyof the lesion. A visualization ofthe effect of that inflammationis 50% of the 'so-called Osteo-pathic concept. Every inflamma-tion however slight has an effectlocally, reflexly and generallyand there is no doubt of that,but it is the scientific myopiaof other schools of practice innot visualizing that fact thatmakes a great distinction forOsteopathy. Sooner or later allschools of practice will neces-sarily arrive at the recognitionof this physiologic reasoning.The sooner the better, for theirpatients anyway.

Observation of the varyingdegree' of muscle pathology will


Minutes of the Annual Meeting ofDes Moines Still College Association

Held at Hotel Steveas,Chicago, Illinois, July 15, 1942

Meeting was called to order by President, Dr. Frank Jones,with approximately 100 alumni present. Dr. Jones made a veryinspiring address, especially stressing the opportunity for Osteopathytoday, the need for organized alumni activity, and the closecooperation between the schools and the profession.

Minutes of the last annual meeting were read and approvedas read.

President Jones called upon the Student Recruiting Councilor'sreport. No report made.

He then asked for the report of the Endowment Councilor'sreport. Dr. Rogers stated there had been no activities from hisdepartment during the year, but did give an address on the needof endowment, especially stressing the fact that graduates of aschool owed a part of their income each year to their alma mater,and that under present conditions it would be difficult to raisemoney from individuals oustide the profession. Because of thisfact, he recommended that a campaign be instituted whereby eachalumnus would be solicited for funds, preferably a small monthlydonation. His report was accepted and placed on file.

President then called for the Secretary's report which wasread and approved as read, as were the recommendations whichwere part of the report.

Treasurer's report was then read and accepted.A report was then made by Dr. Mary Golden on the progress

which had been made toward the purchase of lots upon which tobuild a clinical hospital.

A report of the Foundation Committee which included thearticles of incorporation and the names of the persons to be includedin the original corporation as well as on the Board of Trustees, wasread and accepted. This report showed that Mr. J. Newlinof Des Moines was president; Mr. Nelse Hansen of Des Moineswas Vice-President; Dr. Ruth Paul, Des Moines, Secretary;Dr. J. P. Schwartz and Dr. Paul Park were the other twomembers of the Board of Trustees.

Mrs. K. M. Robinson, Secretary of Des Moines Still College,was introduced and given a warm reception.

Dr. A. D. Becker was introduced and gave a report of theactivities of the Des Moines Still College during the past yearas well as a very fine address on student recruiting and the needfor it in all our schools.

Dr. J. P. Schwartz, President of Des Moines Still College,was, then introducced and given a very fine reception after whichhe introduced the following members of the Des Moines Still Col-lege faculty:

Dr. O E. Owen Dr. Paul KimberlyDr. Mary Golden Dr. L. L. Facto

Dr. Schwartz then reported on the college attitude in regardto the work of the Dr. Swope committee on legislature and selectiveservice informing those present that the college gave this com-mittee its complete support. He also gave his opinions onhow the war will effect our various educational institutions, callingattention to the fact that our college went through World War I,and it would be necessary to practice the strictest economy.

The election of officers was then held with the followingresults:President-Dr. P. L. ParkVice-President-Jack Voss, Albert Lea, MinnesotaExecutive Secretary and Treasurer-Lloyd Woofenden, Hiland Park,

Mlich.Student Recruiting Councilor-John E. Rogers, Oshkosh, Wisc.Endownment Councilor-Walter Goodfellow, Los Angeles, Calif.


Bacteriology andMedicine

All good Americans take pridein the thesis that "all men arecreated equal," but many shud-der at the thought of extendingthe maxim beyond human society.Yet it is an obvious truth thatall living organisms are createdequal and have the same right tolife, liberty and the pursuit ofhappiness . . . in whatever waythese objectives may be attained.Regardless of what a human'sopinion might be, such is thedeep-seated conviction of everybit of protoplasm. Each or-ganism is not only willing in, butso constituted that it cannotavoid, defense of this vitalprerogative; for life is, indeed,a state of dynamic equilibriumbetween internal and externalforces, not least of which arebiological forces, i. e., competi-tion by other forms of' life. Thisis the basis for the constant strug-gle for existence by living things.

Competition exists not only be-tween individuals of the samespecies, but also between differentspecies, whose constitution pre-ordains that they must fill similaror identical ecological niches.Moreover, the competing speciesneed not be of the same orderor animal perfection; indeed, twocompeting species need not evenbe two animal species. By andlarge the success of a speciesdepends upon the adaptability ofthe constituent individuals, andin general adaptability and de-gree of adaptation are inversely


Students AttendNational Convention

A number of our studentsfound time from their studiesto drop in on the National Con-ventionl. So Still College waswell represented there what witha goodly number of faculty mem-bers (names listed in the JulyLOG BOOK) and the followingstudents: Glen Deer, Dave Hef-len, George Lewis, Herb Claus-ing, Frank Nasso and Bob Ton-kins. Ed Mossmani couln't makeit but he sent his better half,Mrs. Mossman, to bring him backthe news. From the accounts ofthe students the Convention wasa very interesting affair and theyalso managed to get a look or twoat some of the interesting spotsin Chicago before returning toDes Moines and the books.

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THE LOG BOOK

Gamma chapter of Psi SigmaAlpha has had one excellent ban-quet, taken in several fine newmembers and is now looking for-ward to a vital program for thebalance of the semester.

At its banquet, July 22, thefraternity was honored by anaddress from Dr. Shiffler, pastorof the Highland Park Presby-terian Church, on "The Sub-limity of Life." Dr. Owen andDr. Kimberly told us many ofthe interesting highlights of theNational Osteopathic Convention.

August 5, Gamma chapterinitiated Gerald Dierdorff, CarlWaterbury and Robert Patten.Vern Stoner was pledged at thismeeting and Charles Schultz willbe initiated at the next businessmeeting. The society is proud toclaim these men of high caliber.

All its members are lookingforward to the banquet meetingto be held August 25 which prom-ises to be our outstanding gather-ing of the semester. The guestof honor and principle speakerfor that evening will be Dr. J.P. Schwartz, President of theCollege. It will be the chapter'sprivilege and pleasure to presentDr. Schwartz with an honorarylife membership to Psi SigmaAlpha Society. Dr. O. E. Owenwill be the toastmaster. Allalumni of the chapter in andaround Des Moines are cordiallyinvited to attend this event.

J. B.

Highlighting the activities ofthe past two weeks, a stag partywas held at the house last Fri-day night. Poker, ping pong,and harmonious (?) singingaround the "old grand" servedas the entertainment. A goodturn-out of members as well asa few guests were on hand toshare in the hilarity. This com-ing week-end a mixed party istentatively planned.

A letter (obligingly written inEnglish) was received recentlyfrom Dr. Herman Gegner, '42,who is located in South Dakota."Herm" indicates that he hasstarted a small clinic and man-ages to keep happily busy withhis first tonsillectomies andvaried cases of general practice.

Dr. Robert Smith, '41, was awelcome visitor at the schoollast week while on vacation fromNew Mexico. Brother "Bob" hadinteresting words of advice andtales of initial experiences instarting his practice in the ranchcountry of New Mexico. He ap-peared quite optimistic as to NewMexico's practice prospects.

-G. A. D.

Since our last written articlein the LOG BOOK, many andvaried events have occurred.Each of much interest.

Our Interfraternity CouncilMeeting was held in Chicago,during the A.O.A Convention inthe week of July 13th.

Those gathered were repre-sentatives from each of our Chap-ters from every one of the recog-nized Osteopathic Colleges.

The meeting began at 1:30p. m. promptly, and lasted thewhole day.

We discussed business of utmostimportance which pertained tothe further advancement of thefraternity. During this time, Ihad the good fortune to meeteach brother representative andspeak about various topics withthem.

The frat banquet was heldTuesday evening at the exclusiveCliff Dwellers Club overlookingbeautiful Lake Michigan. Here,we had present Brothers McFar-land Tilly, new A.O.A. President;Chester D. Swope, Washington,D. C., representative, and a fewof the founders of the I.T.S. fra-ternity, as well as many others.

The renewal of old acquaint-ances was refreshing and verystimulating to these men.

The Annual Smoker was heldat Walnut Park in the form ofa picnic, on July 22. The fresh-men all attended with the excep-tion of Jim Allender, who wasdetained elsewhere. Those whospoke were Drs. Cash and Soren-son. Hatchitt, pledge master,spoke to the freshmen and ex-pressed the views and aims of ourfraternity. We were proud tohave been the hosts to these newmen and trust that they havebeen completely "rushed" offtheir feet, and can now settledown to some plain "civilized"living again.

Our initiations will take placeon Monday, August 10, at Dr.Cash's home. Those receivingtheir first considerations are Dr.M. B. Landis, L. L. Gaudet andW. Moore. Let's welcome thesenew men into our ranks andcongratulations to them.

The recent additions to thepledge ranks are three men ofthe freshman class: Waldo Mer-rill, R. Rassmuson and C. P.Christianson. Congratulations,too!! And may your choice havebeen the wisest one.

We regret the sudden illnessof Dr. Landis, of the O.B. depart-ment. Dr. Landis has been illthse past two weeks with strep-bronchitis.

When he returns with colorsflying weakly, the O.B. depart-ment will again resume itsnormal stride. So, hurry back.

Keep 'em Flying!!-F. J. N.

AOrOn Sunday, August 9th, the

Calvaria Chapter of LambdaOmicron 'Gamma held its pledgedinner at the Kirkwood Hotel inhonor of the pledges WilliamStoler, Paul Stern, and RobertTonkins. This formally in-

creases our small but active groupto five members, the two activesbeing Louis Radetsky and ArthurAbramsohn.

Plans are being made to holdstudy sessions in a seminarfashion, at which both activesand pledges will participate.

We wish to take this oppor-tunity to send our greetings toour Brothers in the service andin practice. -A. A.

Sigma Sigma Phi held a meet-ing at the Taylor Clinic Thurs-day July 16. On this occasionthe rushees wre decided upon.After the meeting the activeswent to a well known restaurantfor a light lunch.

On Thursday, July 23, we heldour annual pledge banquet atBabe's Cafe. A delightful steakdinner was served and enjoyedby all. The banquet was at-tended by a few of our practicingbrothers. After the dinner wewent to the Wil-Den Clinic inEast Des Moines and were enter-tained with talks given by Drs.Wilson, Dennis and Devine.

Sigma Sigma Phi is happy toannounce the initiation of severalstudents of high quality. Thesestudents were selected on fourqualifications, scholarship, char-acter,, leadership and affability.The new inductees are: Bill Cap-ron, John Halley, Thomas Mc-Williams, Dave Heflen, RollandMiller, Herbert Clausing andJames Bone.

The singles tennis tournamentsponsored by Sigma Sigma Phiis to be concluded within thenear future.

The doubles tournament hasbeen completed with GeorgeLewis and Glen Deer defeatingPaul Caris and Scottie Heather-ington in the final match, 1-6,12-10, 8-6. Sigma Sigma Phimedals will be given to the win-ners.

Business as usual-only morepleasant. The summer weathermakes our gatherings more en-joyable: viz., the girls were en-tertained at a garden dinner andsocial evening at the home of Dr.Mary E. Golden. Needless to saywe had a grand time.

This may sound as though allwe do is eat - but it's fun!"Mom" Wade turned her kitchenover to the ravages of the girlsa couple of weeks ago. Result--a spaghetti and meat ball sup-per with all the trimmings forMom and her household and thegirls.

Oh yes, occassionally we re-member school is in session anddeclare next week as one for con-centrated study-but you knowabout this "next" week stuff.

Dr. Paul Park opened his of-fice to the sorority one eveningin the recent past and demon-strated his method of historytaking and physical examinationof a patient. We wish to thankyou, Dr. Park for your time andcourtesy.

So goes it-a balanced mixtureof business and pleasure. Seeyou again. -M. W.

After an unusually interestingrushing season, smoker andpledging, Phi Sigma Gamma wasproud to hold their pledging cere-mony for six of the new freslh-men: Homer E. Allshouse, JamesW. Allender, Vernon D. Claus-ing, Robert J. McCracken, Rich-ard P. Mucci, and Gordon F. Sher-wood to welcome these six men toshare the fellowship of our fra-ternity and hope that they willbenefit from it as others have inthe past.

On August 5th, Gail Boyd ofDes Moines, was initiated formal-ly into the fraternity.

Such unexpected parties as wereheld July 19th are always wel-come diversions from the studyroutine. As is typical in fra-ternity houses "a bunch of thefellows" got together and de-cided to have an Italian spaghettidinner, inviting all the Freshmenand their wives. Under the ex-pert guidance of Mary Torrielloand the fine kitchen technique ofRay Sweeny, everyone had allthey could eat and didn't ob-ject to trying to eat more thanthey should. Just to prove hisculinary art was not just be-ginner's luck, Sweeny cookedanother meal for "the mob" atour fraternity picnic July 31.We're convinced now Sweeney,but don't let that stop you!

As a diversion from filling theirstomachs, the fraternity has plan-a record party to fill its recordfile. The admission to thisdance is one record per member.In this way everyone gets at leastone piece he really likes to danceto and the treasury remains fullwhile the house enjoys the rec-ords! for their duration.

We wish to thank Dr. Owenfor his very instructive demon-strations of osteopathic techniqueat our last work night. TheChinese say, "one picture isworth ten thousand words" thePhi Sigs say, "One demonstrationby Dr. Owen is worth ten thou-sand pages and an equal numberof thanks."

We send our congratulationsto Brother 0. G. Nielson and hiswife who have informed us ofthe birth of a daughter, SallyAnn, born on July 4th.

-H. G. H.

IMPORTANTEach month the school is put

to considerable expense payingpostage on returned copies ofthe LOG BOOK. You can do yourbit to help eliminate this un-necessary expense by droppingu's a postcard telling of anychange in your address. As wellas helping the College you willthus insure your receiving theLOG BOOK on time.

New LocationOne of our alumni, Dr. E.

Lawrence Hanson, has relocatedfor practice in Suite 401-404Thatcher Buildling, Pueblo,Colorado. Best wishes from theschool for your success, Dr. Han-son.

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor .......-..... Lester Raub, B. S.

Advisor J.........j. P. Schwartz


Osteopathy WithoutLimitation

OSTEOPATHY WITHOUTLIMITATION has appeared asthe slogan of the LOG BOOKfor many years and has, beenmaintained as the fundamentalaxiom of Des Moines Still Col-lege of Osteopathy since its_founding in 1898. How expressiveare these words as we are aboutto celebrate the FIFTIETH AN-NIVERSARY of osteopathic edu-cation this autumn. They rep-resent the ardent faith of thefounders of our profession; thebrilliant application of the pre-sent generation of practicingosteopathic physicians; and thezealous pursuits of the studentsin our colleges today.

How often do' we stop to con-sider the broad reaches of ourevery day job? We take forgranted the early advances inthe development of science; suchas the. invention of the miscro-scope; the discovery of the cir-culation of the blood; the ad-vancement of the germ theoryof disease; and within our owntimes, the principles of treatmentin diabetes mellitus, syphilis,pernicious anemia and manyothers. How often do we in ourown thinking list OSTEOPATHYalong with these other advancesin therapeutics, when in realityit represents one of the greatestof all the FRONTIERS OFMEDICINE presented to theworld! So great in fact, that ithas challenged over ten thousandmen and women during the briefspan of fifty years to follow itsprecepts and present them to aneedy world. So revolutionarywere the precepts of osteopathythat they led to the establish-ment of a new school of practice,while the other advances weresimply added to the establishedarmamentarium. There is; nogreater thrill than to see thegleam of enthusiasm and con-fidence in the eyes of an osteo-pathic student who has demon-strated for the first time WITHHIS OWN HANDS the healingpowers of this great science.

No longer can we say "the oldi's out of date, the new is notyet born." We have watched thisnew science come into being andfollowed it through its growingyears to maturity. OSTEOPATHYWITHOUT LIMITATION maywell serve as the perpetual re-minder of the widening frontierbefore us, as we pause to markthe fiftieth anniversary of itsprogress.-0. Edwin Owen, D.O., Dean,

Des Moines Still College ofOsteopathy.


(Continued from Page 1)reveal the different degrees ofvisceral involvement and formsthe basis for the different meth-ods of approach and diverse meth-ods of treatment. "Pathologydictates treatment."

After the preliminary 24-48hour period we find the lesionedmuscle tissue is passively con-gested. There is great embarrass-ment to the venous and lymphaticreturn. If the muscle is con-tractured this impediment to fluidreturn is accentuated. If themuscle is not contractured thecontinuous trauma of hyper-mobility maintains the inflamma-tion and the constant relaxationand stretch of the muscle offersalmost the resistance to the re-turn of fluid that is present incontractured muscle. It is "therhythmical contraction and re-laxation of muscle that facilitatesreturn," not maintained con-tracture or persistent hypo-tonicity.

Passive congestion of muscletissue initiates a definite pro-gressive train of macroscopic,microscopic, chemical and physiological changes. The muscleis turgescent and visibly inflam-ed. There is an increase in thenormal hydrostatic pressure in thebelly of the muscle. The veinsare distended, areas of capillaryhemorrhage are present. Fibrilla-tion is frequently present andthe muscle is hyperirritable.Usually there is an increase inthe tension element with themuscle shortened by contractureand, of course, the joint normal-ly influenced by the muscles istherefore restricted in itsmobility. Such a muscle whencut shows free fluid, edema; andthere is irregular puckering ofthe cut surface or corrugationdue to difference in retraction.

Experimentally a muscle so in-volved is found to be, when re-moved from the body, temporari-ly hypertonic and hyperirritable,but sooner than in normal con-trol muscle degenerative changesare evident. The muscle isfragile and ruptures its fibersand its mass with less weight.It is more extensible-the sameweight stretches it more. It isless retractible, it does not short-en, due to its depreciated elasticity,as much as normal muscle does.

Microscopically the muscletissue in the area of lesion ef-fect shows engorged veins andlymph spaces, intra and extra-cellular edema. There are furthersigns of the capillary damageevidenced by the frequent pres-ence of round cell infiltration,both red and whites being foundin the muscle sheaths betweenthe muscle bundles and fibersand also in the muscle fibrilsthemselves. There is eccentricity,edema, and shifting of the posi-tion of the nuclei of the cells.The fiber margins are not soclearly defined as in control mus-cle.

Many of the arteries, arteriolessnd venules show an intimalthickening, with adventitial pro-liferation in their walls. In a fewthis evidence of inflammation in

Minutes of Annual Meeting(Continued from Page 1)

After the election of officers, Dr. Frank Jones gave what hetermed the "Swan Song" and as usual left some very finethoughts with the group assembled. He also called attention to thefact that any adversity makes an individual or organization strongerbecause of having had the experience, and charged each and every-one present with the responsibility of doing his utmost for or-ganized Osteopathy and especially for its educational institutions.

Meeting adjournd at 11:00 p. m.-P. L. Park, D.O., Executive Sec. and Treas.

tafc vcosbiei 1 sU maicrjet-'U tI1dL tnelumen is all but, if not com-pletely, obliterated. In longstanding myositis a few vesselsart definitely reduced to fibrouscords.

The nerve terminals in themuscle give evidence of inflam-mation to the same degree as themuscle. The sensory processesare edematous and not clearly de-fined.

Chemically the muscle is al-tered quite markedly. First andmost obvious is the pH changewith increased H ion concentra-tion. The normal products ofmetabolism are acid in reaction,and where trauma is repeated orwhere muscle is contractured withinsufficient relaxation phase theseacid metabolites are impaired intheir removal and their neutral-ization. Increased H ion concen-tration is demonstrable by dyes,staining reactions, H ion measur-ing equipment and by the knowneffect of acidosis upon tissue.

Dyes sucn as acid fuchsin willdye acid tissue and not normaltissue. When injected intolesioned muscle and other areason the same animal examinationfinds the lesioned muscle is stain-ed and the normal muscle is not.In the staining of tissue sectionsit is found that the usual stain-ing materials stain muscle ofthe lesion area poorly due to theacidosis of the muscle. With apotentiometer and galvanometerit is. possible to determine theH ion concentration. Muscletissue is less alkaline than mostother body tissues and a pH of7.00 is not infrequently en-countered following extrememuscle exercise and mild inflam-matory reactions. ,A pH of 6.8or 6.9 is present in extremelysevere myositis such as is pres-ent in any acute lesion, showinga pH change of as great as .5of an H ion unit. This is apH change that is greater thanappears in any other body tissue.

The known effect of pH fluctua-tion upon tissue revals the effectsof acidosis in the lesion area.When colloidal tissue is placed ina more acid medium it becomeshygroscopic, absorbing and hold-ing fluid. An intra and extra-cellular edema is produced. Thisedema has considerable effectlocally upon all the tissue in thespinal area, including of particu-lar importance muscle, nervetissue, venules and lymphatics,the synovial membrane and thelateral chain ganglion. All ofthese tissues are exposed, by con-tinuity and contiguity, to thedeleterious effects of both thelocal acidosis and edema.

-Byron E. Laycock.(Continued Next Issue)


(Continued from Page 1)proportional. Hence those forms-which are most generalized willbe more successful than thosewhich are highly specialized, andbiological success may be definedas the ability of the individua'to reproduce its kind, to with-stand changes in the external en-vironment (or to change in re-sponse to external changes, eithertemporarily or permanently).

One of the most interestingmethods of biological adjustmentis parasitism, a phenomenon ex-hibited by all types of life fromthe simplest to the most complex.(And most people would concurin the inclusion of the hominidprimates). Parasitism is existenceof one ,species at the expense ofanother without doing great orirreparable damage to the host.It may, though it need not, havegrown out of a symbiotic rela-tionship in which the two speciesare mutually beneficial, or com-mensalism, whereby two specieslive together without damage toeither. Contrasted with theparasite, which derives its liveli-hood from a living host, is thesaprophyte which lives on deador decaying organic matter.

Bacteria, being "simple" as liv-ing things go, and generalized,have members which have triedall of these relationship's. Intheir proper habitat they repro-duce rapidly; they have a ratherwide range of tolerance for en-vironmental changes; they arewidely distributed. Bacteria arebiologically successful. It isfutile to try to decide whetherbacteria, simple as they are, con-stitute the genetic ancestors ofthe animal kingdom; or whetherthey are transitional or merelyconincidentally intermediate be-tween the plant and animal king-doms. The fact is that they aresimple and probably (conse-quently?) they were here first,and other animals as theyevolved, have had to contend with


Marriages

The Log Book is happy to hearof the marriage of Lorraine Ann,daughter of Dr. and Mrs. GeorgeH. Lawyer, to Mr. James DeweyMitchell on Monday, July 20, inHoughton, Michigan. The youngcouple will be at home at "Wil-Bil-Ett" Cottage, Chassell, Michi-gan.

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THE LOG BOOKI

I Il ------------.----------- lDr. Golden Elected A.O.A.

TrusteePresident Mary E. Golden was

elected a member of the Boardof Trustees of the AmericanOsteopathic Association at its re-cent national convention inChicago.

Dr. Hainnan Re-electedDr. D. E. Hannan, Chairman of

the Dept. of Public Affairs of theIowa Board of OsteopathicExaminers was reelected Presi-dent of the American Associationof Osteopathic Examiners at itsannual meeting held during theannual convention of the A.O.A.Dr. Lydia Jordan Elected Vice

President of O.W.N.A.Dr. Lydia T. Jordan was elect-

ed first Vice President of theOsteopathic Women's NationalAssociation at its recent annualmeeting in Chicago.

Dr. L. L. Facto HonoredDr. Lonnie L. Facto, Chairman

of the Society's Council on De-fense and Preparedness, has beenelected vice chairman of theOsteopathic Manipulative Thera-peutic and Clinical Research As-sociation.

Dr. Owen ElectedDr. O. Edwin Owen was re-

elected editor of Psi Sigma Alphahonor society, osteopathic fra-ternity, and re-elected secretary-treasurer of Phi Sigma Gammaosteopathic fraternity, at meet-ings of those organizations heldduring the A.O.A. convention.

Dr. Klein AppointedDr. S. H. Klein has been re-

appointed chairman of the Re-gional Advisory Council of theSeventh Corps Area of the A.O.A.by President E. McFarlane Tilley.

Board of ExaminersDr. H. B. Willard has been re-

appointed a member of the IowaBoard of Osteopathic Examinersfor a three year term by Gov-ernor George A. Wilson.

Board of TrusteesThe second meeting of the

Board of Trustees for the presentfiscal year will be held at HotelFort Des Moines, Des Moines, onSunday, August 30, 1942.

Osteopathic HospitalAssociation

Dr. L. W. Jamieson, Chairmanof the Hospital Committee ofth Society, is planning to calla meeting in the near future ofthe owners and operators of allosteopathic hospitals in the Statefor the purpose of organizing theIowa Osteopathic Hospital As-sociation.

Rocky Mountain SpottedFever

Through the efforts of Dr.D. E. Hannan, Chairman of theDepartment of Public Affairs,chick embryo vaccine for activeimmunization against RockyMountain Spotted Fever is avail-able for distribution by the IowaState Department of Health toosteopathic physicians upon re-quest. The use of the vaccine isbest limited to persons who aresubject to repeated exposure ina known endemic area.

Dr. Day Elected to CouncilDr. M. C. Day, Indianola, was

recently elected a member ofthe City Council representing thethird ward of his city.

Dr. Bobenhouse TeachingFirst Aid

Dr. H. H. Bobenhouse, Earl-ham, is teaching two Red Crossfirst aid classes in his town. Oneclass of sixteen is composed ofthe local members of the firedepartment and the other classof thirty-eight consists of mem-bers of several organizations inhis community.

Membership ApplicationsC. L. Henkel, Cumming, Iowa.O. H. Meyers, Sioux City, Iowa.-Dwight S. James, Sec.-Treas.



them and with their ability tomeet successfully new biologicalsituations. Among the specieswhich have had to contend withthem are humans; and the factthat this is being written is evi-dence in itself that in their con-tention they have been equippedwith adequate implements forbiological warfare. It will be in-teresting to postulate regardingthe source of some of thesemechanisms.

Because of the efficiency withwhich the skin: and mucous mem-branes act in preventing bacteriafrom gaining entrance to thebody, relatively few examples oftrue parasitism are found. Thesetissues possess the faculty oflocalizing bacteria by both chemi-cal and mechanical means. Usual-ly a protein constituent of thebacteria, but sometimes carbo-hydrates as well, elicits a specificresponse from the skin. Themethod used is not understood,but the result is that the proteinor carbohydrate antigenic sub-stance is anchored at the site ofattack. This is the phenomenonof tissue immunity; it is anability held by all tissues to vary-ing degrees, but it is greatest inthe tissues most frequently ex-posed to bacterial invasion.

If this device is inadequate tocontrol the invasion, the bloodstream assists in, the task. Itsaction may be direct-by pha-gocytosis of the organism, or itmay be indirect, by one of sev-eral means. Toxin-producingbacteria may elicit the productionof specific antitoxins by leucocytesor reticulo-endothelial cells; ag-glutinins may render bacterialattempts ineffective by causingthem to clump or agglutinate;precipitins cause the precipita-tion of noxious proteins; some-times following agglutination, andsometimes independently, plas-molytic destruction of bacteria oc-curs. Such hemal protectiveagents may be retained in theblood stream, so that they areavailable to resist entrance ancestablishment of the foreign ele-ment at some later time. Tem-porary, acquired protection or im-

Imunity, is not difficult to under-stand on the basis of retention ofantibodies. To explain naturalimmunity, however, it seems thatheredity must play a part-actualmorphological inheritance. Inthis instance the structure trans-mitted to cellular progeny mustbe of a molecular order; it wouldpresumably have come from theearliest animal ancestors which,accidentally, developed intracell-ular chemical mechanisms cap-able of resisting attack by bac-teria. These cellular qualitieshave then been transmittedthrough the long, unbroken chainof protoplasmic continuity in timefrom generation to generation.The fact that some cells have be-come modified (as muscle, nerve,bone, etc.) tends to draw our at-tention from the basic, chemicalcellular heritage, but if we re-move this veil of specialization itis logical that we should find themorphological and physiologicalqualities which have servedthroughout the history of proto-plasm to maintain it as a livingentity.

These cellular defense mech-anism, we may presume, are mostefficient in a cell whose meta-bolism is maintained at anoptimal level. In humans, cellu-lar metabolism is dependent onadequate supply of food and oxy-gen and adequate removal ofmetabolic waste. This means goodblood supply and good lymphaticand venous drainage. These fac-tors are maintained by auto-nomic nerve supply very largely.It will then be obvious that ade-quate functioning capacity of thechief body resistance factors isintimately associated with normalbony relationships in the verte-bral column. In active, exercisingindividuals such as our ancestorsmight have been, abnormalitiesin these relationships probablywere not such a serious problem;in sedentary or only moderatelyactive individuals, taking advan-tage of the non-biological devel-opments in human society anddiscarding when possible the ani-mal requisites inherent in theirbodies, the problem may becomemore acute. It is feasible thenthat osteopathic manipulationmay be prophylactic as well ascurative, in that the body cellsare better able to perform theirfunctions with maximum ef-ficiency. But it must be bornein mind that this phase of osteo-pathic therapy does not date from1892 or 1874, but from the be-ginning of life itself. "Osteo-pathy" in principle is extremelyancient; man's recognition of thepossibilities for applying the prin-ciples are recent.

Although the intrinsic qualitiesof the human race are sufficientto preserve it in competition withother animals, that, in itself, isinsufficient. Since the time whenbacteria were first observed andrecognized to play a role in in-fectious disease man has persist-ed in an effort to exclude bacteriaas causative agents. To this endeffort has been made chiefly alongthe following lines: (1) Identifi-cation of bacteria, and recogni-tion of those which are patho-genic, for no progress can bemade against them until theyhave been isolated, classified and

understood; (2) Diagnosis, by di-rect examination, serologicalmeans or other physiological be-havior, such as cultural char-acteristics; (3) Detection of in-dividuals susceptible to disease:and (4) Specific prophylaxis andtherapy.

Identification of the pathogeninvolves considerably more thanmerely staining and examiningorganisms from a site of infec-tion, included with the one re-sponsible for a given set of symp-toms may be many which areharmless. Hence, one must beobtained in pure culture and or-ganisms from this culture shouldDe observed to produce thedisease in a second animal, fromwhich another pure culture maybe made. When such conditionshave been fulfilled (Koch's postu-lates) the causative agent isreasonably well known; however,these requisites cannot be fulfilledin all instances, unless; anotherhuman being is used as the"guinea pig," (e. g., Gonococcus).Following the initial proof of as-sociation of a certain organismwith a specific disease, stainingand cultural reactions may suf-fice.

When it was recognized that aspecific antigen-antibody relation-ship existed in the body follow-ing infection, it became possibleto use this type of reaction inactual diagnosis. Such a phy-siological response on the partof the host in the presence ofthe bacterium in many instancesis quite as conclusive as directobservation. Examples of suchbehavior are the Dick test forscarlet fever, the Schick test fordiphtheria, and the Kahn andWasserman tests for syphilis andothers, as the numerous allergytests. The same physiologicalprocesses are not involved in allof these, of course, but all de-pend on, a response through oneor more of the body resistancefactors to an antigenic substance.

Specific prophylaxis and therapyhave been developed as rapidlyas the physiological behavior ofthe bacteria could be determined,for knowledge of their behavioris necessary for both preventionand cure. Simple antisepsis wasthe first step in this direction,by which is meant simply thatthe bacteria were destroyed,usually by a rather rigorous treat-ment with a chemical agent, heat,x-ray or other device found tobe bactericidal. These agentsmay be applied with comparativesafety outside the body, but thesearch for the perfect bactericidewhich will not poison or other-wise harm the body still con-tinues. The "sulfa" drugs arethe most recent and most suc-cessful developments in this field,although these must be used withcaution. Enough benefit has beenderived from them, however, towarrant close attention to themand additional work in their be-half, whereby their uses and;abuses may be more clearly com- Iprehended.

It is recognized that this shortpaper cannot do justice to therather presumptuous title; how-ever, it may serve to outline theproblems concerned.

-Hugh Clark, Ph.D.

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Entered as second class T H Ematter, February 3rd, 1923,at the post office at DestMoines, Iowa, under theact of August 24th, 1912. M, BOOK


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Volume 20 SEPTEMBER 15, 1942 NUMBER 9

ScheduleGraduation of this semester's

Senior A's will be on October 17;Registration for students old andnew will take place October 19;and the next day, October 20,classes will meet for the newsemester. We hope that in thefew weeks remaining studentsand especially alumni, who havemore chance for contacts, willdo their best to promote registra-tion of new students.

Pursuit for a Reason(Continued from August issue)

Muscle TissuePerversion of physiology of

muscle in the area of myositis isevidenced by its irritability, itsincreased tension, shortened re-laxation phases, more or lessmaintained contracture which isalways pathological and the fail-ure of the functions of musclethat normally aid other tissuessuch as the vessels, nerves andthe joint it moves.

Characteristics of muscle areits irritability and conductivity.A motor unit is made up ofabout 200 muscle fibers and onemotor neurone. A muscle is com-posed of thousands of such motorunits.

An impulse passes along themotor neurone and all of thefibers associated with it contract.A group of motor units contract-ing simultaneously produces mus-cle contraction. After each con-traction there is a relaxationphase normally and a refractoryperiod similar to that of nervetissue only not so inflexible. Dur-ing the relaxation phase the acidproducts resulting from the con-traction are mostly resyn-thesized and partly removed bythe venous and lymphatic drain-age. Normal muscle demon-strates a minimum of motorenergy units. Resting muscle hasnone-it is believed, contractingmuscle from 2 to 6 and oc-casionally 20 per second. Areasof myositis reveal sometimes ashigh as 40 motor energy unitsper second passing through thearea. Hence the irritability isincreased 10 to 20 times. Con-ductivity is accentuated as isseen by a single stimulus causinga rapid contraction of the wholemuscle in a myositic area. Ob-viously it is an error to vigorous-ly massage or knead an acutelyinflamed area. The shortenedrelaxation phase prevents theresynthesis of the various glucoseand acid combinations that formthe apparent energy for contrac-tion. The increased H ion con-centration and the subsequent


New Semester Opens on October 19liO. Edwin Owen, D. O., Dean

On October 19th the fall semester begins immediately follow-ing the close of the summer semester on October 16th. TheCollege has been in continuous session since September 1941,with the exception of two weeks at Christmas and two weeks inJune. The year-round war emergency schedule makes it pos-sible to complete the standard four year course in three yearstime without sacrificing subject content or lowering of standards.By this speed-up schedule wnell qualified Osteopathic Physiciansand Surgeons will be more immediately available to relieve theshortage of doctors which is so acute at this time of nationalemergency.

Young men and women who have completed two years ofcollege work should seriously consider entering Des Moines StillCollege of Osteopathy at this time. Never before have profes-sional opportunities been so great as at this time in our nationalhistory.

As we are about to celebrate the FIFTIETH ANNIVER-SARY OF OSTEOPATHIC EDUCATION on October 2nd,may we pause to visualize the growth and expansion of Osteo-pathy from the ideas of one man . . . Dr. Andrew Still, to theaccomplishments of a profession today embracing 10,000 prac-ticing physicians in various parts of the world. This growthhas emanated from the OSTEOPATHIC COLLEGES as suc-cessive generations of students have gone forth.

The challenge is even greater today, with the many modernadvances and applications of the original principles in osteo-pathic theory and practice. Des Moines Still College of Osteo-pathy is equipped in every department to present thorough work.Clinical material is abundant in every phase of disease. Eachdepartment is headed by faculty members well qualified in theirrespective fields. Student enthusiasm is high, cognizant of theimportant place they will soon hold in guarding the health ofthe nation.

We trust that an ever increasing number of young men andwomen will think seriously of beginning the. study of osteopathythis fall.

Program for the Fiftieth Anniversary ofOsteopathic Education

PRESENTED BY THE FACULTYof

DES MOINES STILL COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHYAT THE COLLEGE BUILDING

October 2, 1941720-722 Sixth Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa

9:30 A. M. Cerebral and Spinal Concussions, True "Shell Shock"Dr. R. B. Bachman

9:50 A. M. War Paralysis, Contractures, Rheumatism, Sciatica,Postures and Gait Dr. B. E. Laycock

10:40 A. M. War Neurosis Dr. L. L. Facto11:30 A. M. Gas Poisoning J. B. Shumaker, Ph. D.

1:30 P. M. Skin Diseases in War Dr. John M. Woods2:25 P. M. Dysentery H. D. Clark, Ph. D.2:45 P. M. Digestive Disorders in Soldiers Dr. O. E. Owen3:40 P. M. Trench Fever Dr. M. B. Landis4:00 P. 1M. Tetanus Dr. P. E. Kinberly

Lymphatics, Lymph andLymphoid Tissue

The lymphatic system consistsof four elements: tissue fluid,lymph, lymphatic vessels andlymphoid tissue. All of thesehave been considered importantby the Osteopathic Physician,and for this reason attention iscalled to the monograph by CecilK. Drinker and Joseph MendelYoffey (Harvard University Press,1941), from which most of thefollowing material is taken.

Tissue FluidUpon the evolutionary comple-

tion of the closed circulatorysystem, a rather anomalous sit-uation was created. The bloodstream, carrying metabolic es-sentials for the tissues, was en-tirely shut off from the tissueswhich were to be supplied. Yetthe cellular requirements were insolution in the blood and had tobe transported to the cells in so-lution. Obviously a fluid mediummust intervene between the bloodcapillaries and the tissue cells.This fluid is the tissue fluid, sim-ilar in many respects to lymphbut distinct from it because it isnot confined by a system of ves-sels. It is the tissue fluid, pri-marily, to which Claude Bernardreferred in speaking of the milieuinterieure.

Hence: (1) tissue fluid wasformed as a necessary vehicle forsolutes coming from the bloodstream and returning to the bloodas waste products, by virtue ofcapiliary permeability; (2) it isextravascular; (3) it is similar inconstitution to lymph (which isintravascular; (4) it is formedchiefly by the blood as a capil-lary exudate.Lymphatic Capillaries and Lymph

Because of the similarity be-tween tissue fluid and lymph, itis apparent that the permeabilityof lymphatic capillaries is high.If this were not true proteinwould be allowed to accumulatein the interstitial fluid, thus in-creasing its osmotic pressure andpreventing the dialysis of meta-bolic solutes and perhaps evendehydrating the blood.

"The great function of thelymphatics is to remove from thetissues material which is not ab-sorbed by the blood capillaries."Although colloidal solutions readi-ly enter lymphatic capillaries, itis understood that they must:reach the capillaries before theycan be absorbed. This acquiressome significance, for example,in the entrance of proteins andbacteria through the nasopharyn-geal membrane. Horse serum has


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THE LOG BOOK

On August 10th our newpledges: L. L. Gaudet, Dr. M. B.Landis, and W. T. More, receivedtheir preliminary initiatory de-grees, at the home of Dr. Cash.

Our assembly on Friday morn-ing, September 4th, had as itsguest speaker Mr. Thomas Mul-ready. Mr. Mulready is a newscommentator associated w i t hradio station WHO. He is con-sidered to be very well read anda keen observer on war eventsand world affairs. His topic, inthe form of an open letter en-titled "Hate," was aimed direct-ly at Hitler and what has hap-pened to our civilized world to-day. It was ably presented andwell received by the studentbody.

On the evening of September4th we were the guests of Dr.Gehman. Dr. Gehman is con-sidered an accepted authority onblood and its diseases, and hisreputation as a hemotologist iswell known here and elsewhere.

During the same evening wepledged Mr. Woodmansee ournewest and latest addition Con-gratulations.

Our Brother Alumnus, Dr. B.L. Cash, has returned from histwo weeks' vacation looking fineand healthy. With his return theX-ray class is now meeting againas usual.

Anyone can easily see that the0. B. Clinic is once more assum-ing its rigid standards of func-tion. It's simply due to the factthat Dr. Landis (Simon Legree),Director, having completely re-covered from his recent illness isagain ruling with an iron hand.Woe to those who cannot meetthe requirements!

Our newer activities will in-clude f u rther initiations ofpledges, followed by a meetingas guests of Dr. Sloan at his of-fice, and a surprise for the stu-dents at assembly time, shouldarrangements be completed suc-cessfully.

Keep 'em Flying ! ! !-F. J. N.

AarUAll has been quiet on our fra-

ternity front this last month.Everybody has been busy pre-paring for their twelve-weeks ex-ams-the seniors, of course, arebusy preparing for qualifyingexams. We want to take thisopportunity to wish them all thebest of luck.

After qualifying exams areover we are planning to havework nights on various subjectspertaining to osteopathy. ArthurAbramsonn is preparing a pro-

gram for one night to familiarizeour group with the work beingdone by Dr. Sutherland oncranial technic.

Congratulations to Dr. IrvingAnsfield, one of our last yearalumni who is getting marriedthis month, we know that he andhis wife will be both successfuland happy.

-A. A.

The last two meetings of PsiSigma Alpha have indicated adefinite note of progress in theorganization.

On Aug. 24 at the Atlas Clubthe fraternity initiated CharlesSchultz and then heard an ex-cellent discussion by its presi-dent, Lou Radetsky, on the pur-pose, plan and value of the new"extern system" recently adopt-ed by the Des Moines GeneralHospital for Senior A's.

At the Brown Hotel Sept. 8,Psi Sigma Alpha had the honorof presenting J. P. Schwartz,president of the college, with anHonorary Life Membership. Thefraternity was further honoredby two representatives of theDrake University chapter of PhiBeta Kappa, Mrs. Kenneth Shaw-han and Mr. Frankhauser.

Dr. Owen, Dr. Graney, Dr.Schwartz and Mrs. Shawhan eachspoke briefly on the value ofgreater scholastic effort in allschools, particularly under pres-ent world conditions.

-J. B.

A breathing spell again to pre-pare for the "end of the semes-ter" activities.

Sarah Jean Gibson was enter-tained by the sorority at a "rush"dinner held at the Tallo-Ho Clubfollowed with a show downtown.

The sorority is making plans todonate something to the new stu-dent lounge-so far however,nothing has been definitely de-cided upon. But give us time-we'll think of something.

Right now we are busy makingarrangements for our assemblyprogram coming up Friday. Bythe way fellows, Captain Rayburnis going to give us an advance tipon traffic regulations.

Delta Omega Beta extends itsdeepest sympathy to those suffer-ing Senior "A's" as they worrythrough those inevitable "qualify-ings." If wishes and sympathyfor you are of any avail-yourfuture is assured.

-M. W.

Since the Phi Sigs last madetheir monthly report to the LogBook, the Chapter house hastaken on a new and more cheer-ful atmosphere with a new coatof wall paper in all the rooms.It is a long-looked-foreward-toevent and all the members arewell pleased with the results.

On Sunday, September 6th,Brother Herb Clausing and theformer Miss Betty Annas' weremarried in the bride's home in.11. -____ - 1_ -_ .. ._..

tends its congratulations and bestwishes to the new couple.

Pledge Master C rane an-nounced that pledge McCrackenhas been elected Pledge Captainby his Pledge brothers. Theyhave promised to show the ac-tive chapter several good timesbefore their initiation which isexpected to take place sometimein late October or early Novem-ber.

Brother Bill Carhart has madearrangements for several veryinstructive movies which will beshown at the next work night atthe Chapter House. All duringthe month of August the regularwork nights have been cancelleddue to the heat; but now thatfall is in the air again everyonefeels more like going places anddoing things. In the past thework nights have always provena fine extra-curricular activity-enough so to be continued forsome time into the future.

-H. G. H.

ATAS C@LDBetween pressure from Dan

Cupid and Adolfus Hitler, theAtlas Club recently deemed itadvisable to make some changes.Due to the new low in studentenrollment because of the wardemands and the fact that thesudents who have enrolled thelast three semesters were to agreat extent married men, (andthe old "confirmed" have slippedtoo) the Atlas House, as haveother fraternity houses, found it-self with the fewest occupants inmany years. Because the housethus served a relative few ex-cept for the several "bull ses-sions" and frat parties, thetrustees and members of the cor-poration took advantage of theincreasing demand of defenseworkers, nursing homes, etc., formore living quarters, and soldthe house and property to aMrs. White. Thus, rather thanbeing a burden to the goodbrothers who have succumbed tothe marriage vows, receipts fromthe property, above any stocks ordebts, will stand as a potentialinvestment for a house in thefuture--if Cupid and Hitler will"let up." Until then, the club,will continue to meet and holdits activities in some rented hall.

A last, lively party on the eve-ning of August 29 found near-ly twenty couples at the houseengaged in "having themselvesa time." Representatives fromthe other social fraternities of theschool were present as well asseveral alumni and wives. Danc-ing, refreshments, and a briefprogram served to entertain thegroup.

The following men have beenpledged to Atlas since the smok-ers of the first semester: EdYogus, freshman; Charles Sch-wab, freshman; Floyd Tollen,sophomore and Chris Ginn, junior.The Atlas Club is pleased tcreceive these new men as pledges

LYMPHATICS(Continued from Page 1)

been absorbed to the extent(rabbits) of producing anaphy-lactic shock by this route; activeimmunization to both diphtheriaand scarlet fever has been pro-duced in the same way; more-over, B. tuberculosis and Pneu-mococcus type III have been col-lected from cervical lymph with-in an hour after being placed inthe nose. There is likewise arapid absorption of water, crys-talloids and particulate matter,including Pneumococcus, fromthe lungs. This organism hasbeen cultured from lymph onehour after having been placed inthe rabbit trachea. The move-ment of the organism is too rapidto be accounted for by phagocy-tosis and migration of the phago-cyte-the actual mechanism in-volved is not understood. How-ever, "for such rapid absorptionthe movements of breathing arevery important." The rate ofabsorption from the pleural cav-ity is much slower, but "just asis the case in the lungs, respi-ratory movements are of greatimportance in bringing aboutlymphatic absorption in the pleu-ral sacs." And it follows that theosteopathic lymphatic pump like-wise hastens the clearance ofpulmonary epithelium of infec-tive agents.

There is no evidence that par-ticulate matter will pass throughthe intestinal wall without phag-ocytosis. It is generally thoughtbacterial invasion can occur onlyafter mucosal injury. Drinkeradds, "It seems certain that suchorganisms as the typhoid bacillusmust penetrate the normal epi-thelium and proliferate in them u co s a, particularly in thelymphoid tissues. Once residentin the mucosa-with little doubt-will after a time be found inthe lymph, and will very pos-sibly reach the blood largely viathe thoracic duct lymph."

Permeability of lymphatics, andtherefore lymph constitution andfunction in many other organshave been summarized by theauthor. The ultimate destinationof all the lymph is the bloodstream, and an analysis of fac-tors governing the return fol-lows.


West VirginiaState Board Exam

The next meeting of the WestVirginia Board of Osteopathywill be held at the Daniel BooneHotel, Charleston, West Virginia,October 26 and 27, 1942. Thetime of the meeting has beenL1, - - A A. _ , _ L+ I- Ir Ieiiniigeau uue LO LIe cinage indate of graduation at our schoolsowing to the war effort.

Applications for either exami-nation or reciprocity to be con-sidered at this meeting must befiled with the Secretary not laterthan October 1, 1942.

Application blanks may be se-of the fraternity and sincerely cured by writing the Secretary,desires that they will never have Guy E. Morris, D. O., 542 Empireoccasion to regret their decision. National Bank Bldg., Clarksburg,

-G. A. D. West Virginia.

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T'" .....1 A ,', 'P h star '1Y'i ewenil, luwowa. iL ite ux-y ~

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor ...........Lester Raub, B. S.

Advisor .............. J. P. Schwartz


Pursuit for a Reason(Continued From Page 1)

edema maintains contracture.Failure of the muscle to per-

form its normal functions is animportant factor in the lesionarea. Contraction, relaxationand the joint motion element arethe reasons for the presence ofmuscle. Whenever the muscleremains contractured or does notrhythmically contract and relaxto move joints there ensues apathologic change. Contractionand relaxation of muscle facili-tates venous and lymphatic re-turn from the belly of the mus-cle, from the venules and lym-phatics around and under themuscle and the oscillatory jointmotion resulting is the importantelement in removing fluid fromthe interior of the joint. Whenthese aids are not operative thenprogressive inflammatory anddegnerative changes begin. Fluidaccumulates in the soft tissueand in the joint. The fluid thataccumulates is the venous andlymphatic return containing themetabolic products. As has beenmentioned before relative acidosisand finally definite acidosis re-sults. This causes the imbibitionof fluid, or edema. Edematouspressure further impedes venousand lymphatic return and in-creases the fluid pressure in andaround the muscle and in thejoint. Capillary damage and theresultant hemorrhage producesfibrin and stimulates fibrous tissueformation. Fibrous tissue is amechanism of repair. It attemptsto resist passively the strain thatwould otherwise continue to fallon muscle. Fibrous tissue in ajoint restricts joint mobility un-less it is ruptured but fibroustissue reduces parenchymatoustissue function and it impairsvenous and lymphatic return andtherefore tends to maintain lesionpathology. Manipulative treat-ment that maintains joint mobilityand causes normal muscle con-traction-relaxation prevents theformation of this scar tissue andprevents its replacing the paren-chymatous tissue. Motion re-moves fluid from the muscle andthe joint and prevents its reten-tion of metabolites and its tissueeffect. The fluid in a spinal jointas in any other joint producesfirst an inflammation of thesynovial membrane and finally apressure atrophy, fibrosis and ad-hesion formation. The reflex ef-fect of the synovitis due to theembarrassed joint motion isgreat, just that study constitutesa separate survey in itself. Pre-venting this inflammation byproper manipulation is one of themost important indications forOsteopathic treatment during thecourse of any condition that pre-

FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONOF OSTEOPATHIC EDUCATION

The first class of osteopathic students began their train-ing under the personal supervision of Dr. Andrew TaylorStill in a small school room at Kirksville, Missouri on Oc-tober 3, 1892. This year, 1942, marks the GOLDEN AN-NIVERSARY of that momentous occasion. The week end-ing October 3rd, 1942 will see many celebrations in honorof the OLD DOCTOR and particularly commemorating thehumble beginning of a profession that has seen constantgrowth to this day. It is the desire of the American Os-teopathic Association and the pleasure of Osteopathic Phy-sicians and Surgeons the country over to pause for a fewhours to let others know what has been accomplished in theunselfish interest of humanity.

Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy in cooperationwith the Polk County and Sixth District Societies, is plan-ning a large celebration in Des Moines on October 2, 1942.There will be a technical program at the College openingat 9:00 a. m. and closing at 4:30 p. m. The chief feature ofthe program will be a symposium on WAR INJURIESAND DISEASE, emphasizing information every physicianneeds to have at his finger-tips just now.

The Polk County Wromens Auxiliary has extensiveplans for an Afternoon Tea, to which the wives are invited.This event also, will be pitched to, a high crescendo.

The high-light of the celebration will be the eveningprogram. A banquet will be held in the Grand Ballroom ofthe Fort Des Moines Hotel. Dr. H. G. Harmon, Presidentof Drake University is the speaker of the evening. Themaster of ceremonies will be the able Mr. Arthur Braytonof the Des Moines Chamber of Commerce.

THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONOF OSTEOPATHIC EDUCATION is destined to be anoccasion long to be remembered in the annals of our pro-fession. Osteopathic Students and Physicians, their familiesand friends, business associates, vocational guidance directorsof colleges, and prospective osteopathic students alike, willfind the entire day's activities an opportunity to enhancetheir understanding of the accomplishments and opportunitiesadvanced by the Osteopathic profession.

Plan now to be in Des Moines on October 2nd to joinin the celebration.

I in rl ·vY. -e-.i fnO i +-ittrm nf hten unnhobervant of a definiteV e tlL 1all'llllcl jLll a

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venous and lymphatic return byrhythmical contraction and re-laxation of muscles and oscillatoryjoint motion.

*e * *

Intervertebral ForamenThe requirements for space

necessitating the cutting of theprevious paper continued inthis issue, permits the completionof this section with a few observa-tions on the Intervertbral Fora-men. A very superficial examina--tin of thi iFnramen or TnDct osta.

its anatomy and the structureswhitin it reveals that we haveneglected this subject. Possiblyone reason for avoiding it hasbeen our definite effort to informthe lay public that bony pressureupon nerves in the foramen doesnot occur, except in dislocation,fractures or overgrowth of bonedue to hypertrophic lipping, andthat bony pressure therefore doesnot enter into the reflex mechan-em of the Osteopathic Lesion.

In leaning over backwardsavoiding the Foramen we have

pressure element due to fluid col-lecting in it.

How much this edema in theforamen plays in every Osteo-pathic Lesion only subsequent re-search will demonstrate but be-cause of the anatomy and phy-siology of the area we can withoutmuch hazard predict that the fora-men is an important factor inmany lesion, and its involvementis doubtedlessly also an importantmaintaining factor in lesionpathology.

The Duct Osta is boundedsuperiorly and inferiorly by thevertebral pedicles, posteriorly bythe articular processand facets,anteriorly by the intervertebraldisc, and in the thoracic area bythe heads and necks of the ribs.

The foramen is a tunnel 3/-inchin diameter and roughly 3/4-inchlong. It is lined by reflectionsfrom the surrounding ligaments.Centrally it is occluded by re-flections from the meninges andby a fibro-adipose plug. Thisfibrous and fatty tissue becomesincreasingly more fibrous until

BirthsStudent Contributions:

Vernon Stoner and wife, Adaire,announce their second son, JamesWilliam, born at Mom Wade's onJuly 25. This is one the LogBook slipped up on last month,Vern may be wondering if wewere waiting until the baby couldread this notice.

One of our Japanese studentsfrom the Los Angeles school,George Shimoda, and his wife,Tama, also have a baby boy,Christan Tobo, born August 13.

Mr. and Mrs. Peace announcethe birth of an eight and halfpound son on August 1st. Theboy has been named Dale Conradand was born at the Des MoinesGeneral Hospital. Formerly Mrs.Peace was also a student butDale's advent forced her to lether husband carry on at Still fora while alone.From the Alumni:

Lt. and Mrs. Joseph P. Con-nolly announce the arrival ofJoseph Patrick III, on August 19.Weight-eight pounds; officiating-Dr. Burnie Moeller.

Dr. Stephen D. Russell and wifeannounce a baby born August 3rd,weighing seven pounds and thir-teen ounces. Yet it's a boy too,Larry Stephen, and Dr. Russelsays, "Everyone is doing fine, in-cluding me."

at the external end of the fora-men the occluding plug is most-ly fibrous tissue and is continuouswith the surrounding ligaments.

The purpose of the fibroustissue in and at the ends of theforamen is of course to preventintra-abdominal or intra-thoracicpressures from influencing mark-edly the pressure on the cord.

The following structures arefound inside the closed tube thatwe call the foramen:1. Nerve of Luschka.2. Nerve endings, trophic and

proprioceptive.3. Dorsal root ganglion.4. Spinal nerve.5. Spinal artery, vein, lymphatics

and their tributary branchesto all tissues medial to theexternal end of the interver-tebral foramina.

6. Vasa vasorum and Vasa ner-vosum.

7. Nervi vasorum and nervi ner-vosum.

8. Reflections of periosteum, liga-ments and fascia from thesurrounding spinal tissues.

10 to 25% of the area of theforamen is filled by nerve tissue.The remaining 75 to 90% is filledwith artery, veins, lymphatics, fat,fascia, etc. It is obvious there-fore that bony compression ofnerve trunks is impossible sincethe range of motion is greaterinto flexion than into extension.

The ability of edematous pres-sure in the foramen to pervertfunction in the above listedanatomical structures is evident,and the rather extensive effect onthe cord and peripheral visceraland somatic tissues is of equalinterest. Passive motion in aid-ing to remove fluid from andthrough the foramen cannot butbe a desirable element of treat-ment. -Byron E. Laycock.

THE LOG BOOK

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1-3. --- - - e.-Fall District Meetings

President Golden announces thefall District Circuit Meetings willbe held as follows:

District I, Monday, October 12,Cedar Rapids.

District II, Friday, October 16,Atlantic.

District III, Sunday, October 11,Ottumwa.

District IV, Tuesday, October13, Mason City.

District V, Wednesday, Oc-tober 14, Storm Lake.

District VI, Thursday, October15, Adel.

Annual Society ConventionRuth Paul, Chairman of the

Committee on Convention Ar-rangements, reports that the an-nual convention of the Societywill be held at Hotel Fort DesMoines, Des Moines, on Mondayand Tuesday, May 17 and 18,

The House of Delegates willconvene on Sunday, May 16, 1943.at the same location, and ar-rangements for that purpose havebeen completed, according toChairman Paul.

Osteopathic Hospital AssociationUnder the leadership of L. W.

Jamieson, Chairman of the Hos-pitals Committee of the Society,a meeting of representatives ofall osteopathic hospitals in theState was called and held at Al-gona on Sunday, September 12,and the Iowa Osteopathic Hos-pital Association was organized,as a unit of the Iowa Society ofOsteopathic Physicians and Sur-geons.

Public EducationHarold D. Meyer, Chairman of

the Public Education Committee,in co-operation with J. R. Forbes,Chairman of the Fiftieth Anni-versary Celebration of Osteo-pathic Education, is now mailingto some four hundred legislators,candidates for the legislature,and judges, the formal announce-ment of the Fiftieth AnniversaryCelebration which contains abrief educational presentation on"Osteopathy Today."

Board of TrusteesThe Board of Trustees held its

second meeting of the fiscal yearat Hotel Fort Des Moines, onSunday, August 30, 1942. Allmembers of the official familywere present. Many importantmatters were considered and de-termined.

Membership to 'Those inArmed Forces

All osteopathic physicians ofthe State who were members ofthe Society during the last fiscalyear and are now in, or may sub-sequently enter, the armed forcesof the nation were granted gratu-itous membership in the Societyfor the duration of the war bythe Board of Trustees at its lastmeeting.

QuestionnairePursuant to direction of the

Board of Trustees a detailed andcomprehensive questionnaire willsoon be mailed by the Society toall members of the Iowa profes-sion for the purpose of obtaining

information essential for the pro-fession's "all out" contributionto the war effort. Your promptcooperation in filling out and re-turning the questionnaire to theoffice of the Secretaryi is urgedby the Board of Trustees.

The Iowa OsteopathThe Society will begin publica-

tion of its own official newspaper,the "Iowa Osteopath," within thenext sixty days, according topresent plans.

Applications for MembershipC. R. Barry, Alexander.Anna E. Gelander, Manilla.Lester J. Swift, Monticello.R. C. Rogers, Hubbard.M. B. Landis, Des MoinesC. 7V. Peterson, Fertile.

Dwight S. James,Sec.-Treas.

LYMPHATICS(Continued From Page 2)

Lymph FlowIn a quiescent limb a very

slight movement of lymph mayoccur; however, the lymphaticvessels are essentially dependenton other bodily activities for thepropulsion of lymphatic fluid.Several factors influence the flowof lymph in varying degrees.These include: (1) Pulsation ofblood vessels, (2) massage, (3passive motion, (4) muscular ac-tivity, (5) Cardiac activity, (6)intestinal peristalsis, (7) in-creased venous, but not increasedarterial pressure, (8) heat plusmassage or passive motion, (9)oxygen decrease to 75% of thenormal blood content, and (10)carbon dioxide increase to, 10 vol-umes per cent. With these sev-eral agents continuously modify-ing the rate of lymph produc-tion, absorption and passagethrough lymphatics, the net rateof flow must be variable. Theaverage of several measurementsin human beings of thoracic ductflow is less than 1.5 c.c. perminute.

The rate of lymph flow, andtherefore, the rate of lymphaticreturn to the blood stream de-pends directly on the lymphaticpressure and indirectly on theseveral factors mentioned above.Of particular interest is thethoracic duct pressure becausethe physiological capacity of thethoracic duct is, in a sense, theindicator of lymphatic behaviorin the thoracic as well as ab-dominal cavities. The pressurein dogs has been found to aver-age approximately 11 mm. Hg.and this was increased more thantwice (26 mm.) under conditionsof forced breathing. Beck, alsoexperimenting in this field, con-cluded that "lymph pressure isinfluenced readily by pressuresapplied from without the lym-phatic system such as pressureupon the abdomen or markedchange in the intrathoracic pres-sure." The entrance of lymphinto the subclavian vein (dog) isfurther facilitated by a gradientof pressure between the thoracicduct and the recipient vein.Rouviere and Valette foundthroacic duct pressure to be 5mm. Hg. and that of the internaljugular to be approximately 2mm.

Lymphoid TissueIn the cold blooded vertebrates

lymphoid tissue is absent. It be-gins to appear in birds, and thetendency in mammals, whichhave exploited the possibilities ofthis tissue to the greatest extent,is general and wide distributionthroughout the body. The func-tions which the tissue serves inthe healthy body are not clearlyunderstood, nor is it clear wheth-er the entire mass of lymphoidtissue throughout the body actsas a single "organ". The virtualimpossibility of total extirpationof lymphoid tisue and the con-flicting results observed afterpartial extirpation indicate thatthese problems will not be set-tled for some time. There areindications, however, that the fol-lowing functions are served bylymphoid tissue: (1) Productionof lymphocytes, and the lympho-cytes reach the blood stream al-most entirely by way of lym-phatic vessels; (2) metabolismand transport of protein and fat;(3) vitamin storage; (4) elabora-tion of internal secretion; and(5) destruction of red cells. Be-cause of the close association be-tween the lymph cells and thereticular cells in a lymph node,it is often impossible to assign toeither group any particular func-tion.

Of these functions, elaborationof an internal secretion is mostquestionable and will not be dis-cussed. Destruction of red cellsis probably a mechanical phe-nomenon, followed by activephagocytosis accomplished by thereticulo-endothelial portion of thelymph node. Vitamin storage isopen to some question. It hasbeen observed that lymphopeniaoccurs during hypovitaminosis Aand hypovitaminosis B, thoughthe latter finding is not significantbecause it was observed beforethe several components of the Bcomplex were isolated. VitaminD has been said to exert an in-hibitory effect on lymphoid tis-sue, but also here contradictoryevidence is available. Lymphoidtissues in general have a highvitamin C content, but this isexplained on the basis of therapid metabolic rate due to ordi-nary mitotic proliferation in thenodes. The most clearly percep-tible role of the lymph nodes islymphocyte production, but a dis-cussion of the physiology or onto-genetic relationships of the lym-phocyte cannot be discussed here.

Lymph nodes show an increasein size following a diet of highcaloric content, particularly if itis rich in fat. After periods ofstarvation the nodes undergo aremarkable involution, which isalmost instantaneously counter-acted by a high calorie diet. Fatis retained to some extent in nor-rmal lymphoid tissue, but lym-phocytes have not been observedto ingest fat particles, pointingprobably to the role of the reti-cule-endothelial cells in fat stor-age.

Protein likewise has a stimula-tory effect on the lymphopoietictissue. Parenteral administrationof protein results in a lympho-cytosis and a general lymphoidhyperplasia. This suggests thepossibility that lymphocytic re-

sponse in a period of chronic in-fection may be simply a general-ized response of lymphoid tissueto the foreign protein present.The fact that similar increasesin lymphocytes both in blood andlymph nodes followed injectionof killed Streptococcus and Hem-ophilus pertussis cultures wouldseem to support this viewpoint.The application of such a prin-ciple in health is probably of lim-ited value, however, because ofthe limited quantity of proteinwhich would reach the bloodstream unchanged.

Lymphoid 'Tissue in DiseaseIn 1860 Virchow proposed the

"barrier theory" of lymph nodefunction, pointing out the filter-ing efficiency of lymph nodes.His reference to cancer of thebreast is interesting. "When anaxillary gland becomes cancer-ous, after previous cancerous dis-ease of the mamma, and whenduring a long period only theaxillary gland remains diseasedwithout the group of glands nextin succession or any other organsbecoming affected with cancer,we can, account for this upon noother supposition than that thegland collects the hurtful in-ingredients absorbed from thebreast, and thereby for a timeaffords protection to the body,but at length proves insufficient,nay, perhaps at a later perioditself becomes a new source ofindependent infection to the body,inasmuch as a further propaga-tion of the poisonous matter maytake place from the diseasedparts of the gland."

This aspect of Virchow's theoryremains unassailable even atpresent. It has, however, beenextended with increase in knowl-edge of bacteria, to include thelymph nodes as sites of antibodyformation. That the extension isparticularly justifiable is withoutquestion; that the nodes are thesole, or even the main site ofantibody formation is withoutfoundation. The efficiency of thefiltering capacity of the nodeswith respect to bacteria is de-termined by (1) number of bac-teria, (2) lymph pressure, (3)virulence of the organisms, (4)massage of the node (includingnormal muscular massage), and(5) phagocytosis of bacteria andmigration of the phagocytes.Available evidence, using the vac-cinia virus as a criterion, indi-cates that viruses not only arenot filtered but may even prolif-erate in lymph nodes whichwould thereafter act as a cen-ter of dispersal.

Contrasted with the power offiltration in the nodes is the abil-ity of the lymphatic vessels todisseminate infective agents-atleast to the location of the near-est lymph nodes.

In this brief review it has notbeen possible to enter into a de-tailed analysis of the entire lym-phatic system. The reader is re-ferred, therefore, for details ofthe material discussed and for dis-cussion of additional problems tothe monograph of Drinker andYoffey, LYMPHATICS, LYMPHAND LYMPHOID TISSUE, Har-vard Univ. Press, Cambridge,Mass., 1941.

-Hugh Clark, Ph. D.

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Entered as second class

matter, February 3rd, 1923,

at the post office at DesMoines, Iowa, under theact of August 24th, 1912.

--- THE -

LOG BOOK L Accepted for mailing atspecial rates of postageprovided for in Section1103, Act of Oct. 3rd, 1917,authorized Feb. 3rd, 1923.


Volume 20 OCTOBER 15, 1942 NUMBER 10

Cerebral and SpinalConcussion

True "Shell-Shock"Dorland in the nineteenth edi-

tion of his medical dictionarystates: "Shell-shock, a condition oflost nervous control with num-erous psychic symptoms, rangingfrom extreme fear to actualdementia, produced in soldiersunder fire by the noise and con-cussion from bursting shells.' Theshell-shocked individual, however,may not present symptoms limit-ed to the reactions of noise andconcussion alone as single factors,so one must consider some in-separable conditions and asso-ciated injuries.

Shell-shock in its true senseshould be applied to a conditionwhich follows exposure to theforces generated by the explosionof powerful shells in the absenceof any visible injury to the heador spine. The areal compressionproduced at the time of the burst-ing of a high explosive shell mayreach ten tons to the square yardwith a corresponding decompres-sion. Pressure may be readilytransmitted through the cerebro-spinal fluid to all the neurones ofthe central nervous system, pro-ducing by concussion, slight andtemporary, but definite changesin the central nervous system re-sulting in a temporary loss offunction.

Multiple punctate hemorrhageswere found in the white matterof the brain, on postmortem ex-amination, of men blown up byhigh explosives, who died with-out gaining consciousness. Chro-matolysys with eccentric nuclei ofthe nerve cells of the medullawere also found, especially in thecardiac and respiratory nuclei.The corpus callosum, internalcapsule and the cerebral pedun-cles were the areas where most ofthe multiple punctate hemorrhageswere noted. The delicate lymphchannels may be ruptured by thesudden dispersion of the cerebro-spinal fluid with injury to theadjacent tissues.

Some French observers foundthat the cerebro-spinal fluid con-tained albumin and blood with asmall increase in lymphoctyes andincreased fluid pressure, if thepuncture were made within a fewhours of the onset of symptomson a man concussed by a shellexplosion. These findings werenot present if the puncture wasrepeated forty-eight hours later.When the lumbar punctures weremade at a base hospital the cere-brospinal fluid was almost nor-nal.

It is quite obvious then that insome of these cases the organic


5O h A n v r a yoIs e p t i50th Anniversary of Osteopathic

Education

Celebration Held October 2, 1942

The Anniversary Ball was held in the Grand Ball Room of theHotel Fort Des Moines, with music by the Paramount orchestra.The dance was sponsored by the Student Council of Des MoinesStill College of Osteopathy.

A+ I,- tE0+1, Arin:xnv, on, -v7 DcZnnALt tI1C LutIl llllAlVtlvelsay Dtall-

quet the program was:Toastmaster, Mr. Arthur

Brayton, Convention Secretary,Des Moines Chamber of Com-merce; Speaker, Dr. H. G. Har-mon, President, Drake Univer-sity.

The following guests werepresent:

Mayor John MacVicar, Dr.Walter Bierring, Adj. Gen.Grahl, Major Bennett; ColonelHalligan, Rev. J. L. Weertz, Mr.H. L. Horton, Prof. Geo. Huff,Mr. J. Newlin, Mr. Nelse Han-sen, Mrs. Max Mayer, Mr. JohnAdams, Mr. Walter Yarn.

The dinner itself was ex-cellent and the menu follows:

Fresh fruit supreme, celeryhearts, radishes, olives, roastmaplecrest turkey, g i b 1 e tgravy, candied sweet potatoes,new peas, braised lettuce, cauli-flower au gratin, mixed greensalad, rolls, muffins, 50th An-

Dr. H. G. Harmon niversary ice cream, coffee.

CONTINUOUS SCHEDULE--TRIMESTERSYSTEM

-- * -

New Semester Opens onl

October 19thO. EDWIN OWEN, D.O., Dean

Never before in the history of our country have physiciansbeen called upon to render so vital a service as that which is theirresponsibility today in guarding the health of the armed forces andthe civilian population.

Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy is bending every effortto bolster the ranks of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons byoperating on a continuous war emergency schedule. Summer vaca-tions have been eliminated, permitting three semesters of eighteenweeks in rotation. The standard four year course is now presentedin three year's time. There is no shortening of courses or lower-ing of standards; in fact, more extensive courses have been addedto the curriculum in preventive medicine, public health and sanita-tion, military medicine, Red Cross first aid instructor courses, andtropical medicine.

Those young men and women who have completed two years ofpremedical college work can make no better use of their talentsthan to enter training now to become Osteopathic Physicians andSurgeons.

There is still time to enroll with the October 19th class. Thecollege is prepared to answer your inquiries promptly so that notime will be lost.

The Kenny Method ofTreatment for Infantile

Paralysis

A few weeks ago Miss Kennycame to Des Moines for the pur-pose of opening a clinic for thetreatment of infantile paralysis.The evening before the clinic wasofficially opened a banquet wasgiven at which she was the hon-ored guest.

Following the dinner she gavea talk describing her method oftreatment for infantile paralysisand compared the results of hermethod with the usual way oftreating such cases. In order toexplain some of her remarksmore clearly, a film taken of thework done at the MinneapolisGeneral Hospital the past twoyears was shown. This was veryhelpful as it enabled us to seehow some of the patients wereexamined and treated by her atthat institution.

Her method of treatment dif-fers from the orthodox methodof treating infantile paralysis inthat she begins treatment duringthe acute stage, in fact she starts


Commencement Program

Graduation exercises for thissemester's Senior A's will be heldOctober 16, 1942 at the St. John'sLutheran Church. The programis as follows:Processional ----...

-..-....-- ..- .Mrs. Samuel B. GartonInvocation ...---. Rev. G. P. KrebsSelection.--- Mr. Kenneth GfellerAddress .--- Dr. R. C. McCaughanSelection ..--- Mr. Kenneth GfellerPresentation of Class --.

...----- -.. . Dr. 0. Edwin OwenDean

Administration of Oath .....-...------ -. . Dr. John P. Schwartz

PresidentConferring of Degrees - .. .......

.. . ........ Dr. John P. SchwartzPresident

Recessional - -------...-..-....... Mrs. Samuel B. GartonThe graduating class includes

ten members and is the first classto receive diplomas at the end ofthe recently instituted third orsummer semester. The ten newDoctors of Osteopathy are:

Roger Banks Anderson, RobertCorwin Bennington, Cyril JohnLouis Des Lauriers, WilliamMeyer Diem, John CrawfordHalley, Jr, Emma Louise Mac-Adams, Richard Oliver McGill,Louis Martin Radetsky, EarleGordon Sperry, Ronald KentWoods.

1

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THE LOG BOOK

FraternitiesATLA CMLUM

Sunday, September 20, the Atlaspledges and their wives met withthe membership Committee for apicnic in the wilds of WaterworksPark. Kenneth Schwab waselected head (Noble Scum) of thepledge class. Mid hamburgers andhilarity the group decided tomake such meetings a regularfeature throughout their pledge-ship.

In honor of our only graduatingmember, Ronnie K. Woods, aSenior Banquet was held in the-Green Room of Hotel Fort DesMoines, September 30. AlumnusDr. Harry Marshall was the toast-master and Dr. Fred Campbellgave the address which was anexcellent presentation of theproblems confronting Osteopathyin connection with the war. TheAtlas club congratulates Ronnieand extends its best wishes for hissuccess. Brother Woods hasserved very capably as our NobleSkull this semester and has al-ways been a credit to our or-ganlzatlon.

The officers for the nextsemester are:

Noble Skull, Jack Price; Oc-ciptal, Joseph Cullen; Pylorus,Robert Patton; Stylus, Carl Nagy;Sacrum, Scott Heatherington;Receptaculum, Vernon Stoner;Styloid, Paul Senk.

-G. A. D.

*TAWith the termination of the

summer semester, Gamma chap-ter of Psi Sigma Alpha has elect-ed a new group of officers andhonored its graduating seniors.On Sept. 22 at the P.S.G. housethe following men assumed guid-ance of P.S.A.'s future activities:Hal Beals, President; Carl Water-bury, Vice President; Jim Booth,Secretary; Dick Bayne, Treas-urer; Gerry Dierdorf, Correspond-ing Secretary; Charles Schultz,Reporter.

Wednesday night, Oct. 7, atYounkers Cremona Room, theChapter bade farwell and goodluck to its members about to en-ter practice: Ronald Woods,Roger Anderson and Lou Radet-sky.

P.S.A. wishes to congratulateall the new freshmen and wishthem well in the vital work whichthey have chosen to undertake.

-C. S.

@)irAt the last regular meeting of

Delta Chapter of Phi Sigma Gam-ma, Brother Henry Shade wasvoted the new president to re-place Brother Glenn Deer whonas just completed a very suc-cessful term. The other new of-ficers are: Vice President, Rol-land Miller; Secretary, HerbHarris: Pledge Master. Jim

.~_..... .------ Crane; Treasurer, David Heflin;On'T^ Pand Seargent-at-Arms, Eugeneu CT - Sheldahl.

The Beta Chapter of Iota Tau To replace the traditionalSigma has just closed its semester senior banquet this year the chap-of highly successful activities by ter will honor its solitary grad-having the semi-ennual senior uating senior, Brother Roger An-banquet at Hotel Kirkwood, Octo- derson, at a noon luncheon atber 8, honoring its graduating Younker's Tea Room on Octoberbrothers who will soon leave theactive ranks to become alumni.These men are: R. Bennington;C. DeLauries; and J. Hally.

The affair was recorded thelargest and finest in the Chapter'shistory by the consensus ofopinions. Among those presentwere: Drs. Cash, Sloan, Kale,Englund, their wives, and Drs.Golden and Sorenson.

Our guests for the evening werethe Delta Omega Sorority, wivesand lady guests of the brothers.

Our president, Frank Nasso,had the unusual distinction tohave as his guest of honor, noneother than the charming presi-dent of Delta Omega, Miss MaryToriello.

The evening was highlighted bymusical renditions and climaxedin fine spirits for everyone.

Every . member extends con-gratulations to our parting men,may they well be successful inall they undertake.


BirthMr. and Mrs. Joe Cullen an-

nounce the birth of a baby daugh-ter weight 9 lbs. 131/4 oz., onOctober 3, and named ColleenKaye by the parents who areboth doing well. Joe says he isglad it happened before final testssince if he flunks out of Still thebaby won't have a D.O. for adaddy.

16. This will be an especially finesend-off for Brother Anderson ashis life membership certificatewill be presented to him by theGrand Archon of Phi Sigma Gam-ma, who will also be a guest atthis luncheon. The Grand Archonis making his routine chapter in-spection tour and we feel for-tunate in having him here forour Senior Luncheon and theGraduation exercises.

The chapter sends its best wish-es to Pledge Jim Allender and hiswife on the birth of their son,Jay Guy, at Des Moines GeneralHospital, Saturday, October 3.

-H. G. H.

AorThis last week of school finds

examinations winding up theend of an interesting semester.

We extend congratulations toArt Abramson upon his recentmarriage. Mav happiness andsuccess ensue. Art is overflowingwith joy, and we rejoice withhim.

On this 50th year of osteopathiceducation, we as a fraternity, feelfortunate to be members of themost progressive profession inthe world. The banquet com-memorating the 50th anniversaryof Osteopathic Education, we feel,was the most dynamic tribute tonsteonnathv seen in this state. Thecommittee in charge of arrange-

ments deserves the highest com-mendation.

Congratulations to Lou Radet-sky upon his graduation from thisschool, Oct. 16, 1942. Good luckto him and the rest of his class.

Alumni NotesThe Alumni association is 100%

behind Dr. Roger's plan to haveeach graduate of Des Moines StillCollege contribute $1.00 permonth to the Alumni AssociationFund. This Fund is to be usedto help the College finance itsextension program and establisha hospital clinic.

During and immediately follow-ing this war we are bound togo through trying times in theCollege for reasons which are ob-vious. Therefore the need of thisfund is very great.

We had a very enthusiasticmeeting in Chicago at our annualconvention and the response sinceto Dr. Roger's plan has been veryencouraging. But we need to gomuch further. There is no rea-son why this should not be 100%subscribed by our alumni. Thereis not one graduate of Des Moineswho can not afford $1.00 a monthto this cause. You can not helpa more worthy cause.

If your school is forced to close,you will be the one to suffer most.A Doctor without an Alma Materis the worse kind of an orphan.Des Moines Still College gave youa training that enables you topractice and make a name foryourself. If you paid what youowe Des Moines Still College youwould be sending them not onebut ten dollars or more a monththe rest of your life.

So let's get a little conscious-stricken, send me your dollar foryour annual dues and in additionsend a dollar each and everymonth to Des Moines Still CollegeAlumni Association, 710 ClintonAvenue, Des Moines, Iowa. Thennext March deduct the wholething from your income tax. Ifyou don't give it to us you willhave to give it to Uncle Sam any-way.

Let our slogan be 100% mem-bership.

Fraternally,Lloyd Woofenden, D.O.802 Murphy Bldg.,Highland Park, Mich.,Secretary-Treasurer.

Marriages

The Log Book is glad to hearof the marriage of Edythe Gates,D.O., and Jess S. Varner, D.O.,class of '41, Still College; thewedding was last March and Dr.Jess Varner is now serving inthe army, being stationed at pres-ent at Camp Grant, Illinois.

* * *

Since all the folks back homeknow now, the editor can revealformally his marriage, on June 16,to the former Miss Miriam Smithof New Castle, Pennsylvania. Mrs.Raub is now spending a twoweeks vacation here in Des Moineswith her lucky husband.

Kenny Method


treatment just as soon as the dis-ease has been diagnosed. Shedoes not use massage, splints orbraces of any kind, or a respi-rator, but instead uses hot fo-mentations, passive movementsof the joints, and muscle re-education.

This treatment was developedby Miss Kenny while caring forpatients suffering from infantileparalysis in the "bush" countryof Australia. She worked formany years with these cases andthrough her keen observation ofchanges taking place in the mus-cles of the body was led to thebelief that the disease, infantileparalysis, in the acute stage af-fects not only the anterior horncells but also adjacent portionsof the spinal cord. That is, it mayspread through the segment ofthe cord so that symptoms otherthan those due to the involve-ment of the anterior horn, cellsmust be present.

Before discussing her methodof treatment, let us spend a littletime on the symptoms and pa-thology for it will make it lessdifficult to understand this newmethod of treatment.

According to Miss Kenny, themain symptoms are spasms andshortening of the affected mus-cles; coordination is frequentlyreplaced by incoordination; thepatient frequently loses power inthe non-affected muscles becausethe affected muscles are pullingthe non-affected muscles fromtheir normal resting place andretaining them in this lengthenedposition through the unrelaxedspasm in the affected group; andthe non-affected muscles fre-quently refuse to contract due toan interference between thehigher and lower centers,

In the above group of symp-toms there are three outstandingfactors which distinguish theKenny concept of infantile paraly-sis; namely, muscle spasm, inco-ordination, and "mental aliena-tion."

Muscle spasm is a physical con-dition of a skeletal muscle, char-acterized by firmness, tenderness,prominence, and pain w henstretched due to its incompleterelaxation.

In her discussion of the mus-cle spasm, Miss Kenny stressesthe point that the spastic musclesare the ones that are most af-fected by the disease in the cen-tral nervous system, and acuteanterior poliomyelitis should beclassed as a spastic paralysisrather than a flaccid paralysis.The spastic paralysis developsfirst, the flaccid paralysis is sec-ondary, developing as a result ofthe spastic paralysis. If the mus-cles on the posterior surface ofthe leg are in a spastic state, thenthe muscles on the anterior sur-face of the leg will show the flac-cid paralysis.

Miss Kenny considers the flac-cid paralysis as mostly, if not en-


. Il I

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor ............. Lester Raub, B. S.

Advisor....................J. P. Schwartz



(Continued From Page 1)changes in the central nervoussystem were so slight that theprobable minute capillary hem-orrhages and chromatolysis of thenerve cells rapidly and completelydisappeared.

The cerebral symptoms of con-cussion in uncomplicated shell-shock--are the same as those ofconcussion in civil life. The im-mediate effect of a high explosiveshell is to render a man uncon-scious, instantaneous death mayoccur. Breathing is stertorousin the severest cases and deathmay follow within a few hours ordays without regaining conscious-ness. In' serious cases where ulti-mate recovery takes place, thepatient passes into a condition ofstupor being wholly unconsciousof his surroundings. He mayswallow and even chew the foodthat is given him but does notspeak and apparently does nothear or see. The pupils may re-act poorly to light or not at all.He usually lies inert and incon-tinent. After a few hours hechanges into a dazed conditionfrom that of complete insen-sibility.

Automatic acts may be carriedout in an apparently normal man-ner and then find himself milesaway from his unit with noknowledge of his actions or howhe covered the distance. Thiscondition should not be confusedwith acute confusional insanityor the stupor that occurs as a re-sult of emotional strain withoutany concussion, following the ex-plosion of a shell. The first con-dition may be determined bychecking with his unit or by ob-servation for a time, until hismemory returns. In the latter,the stupor following emotionalstrain comes on gradually and isnot associated with any changein the cerebral-spinal fluid or fol-lowed with severe headaches. Thestupor may be indistinguishablefrom the stupor following anepileptic seizure.

The stupor following completeinsensibility may vary from a fewminutes or hours to several days,it rarely lasts more than a week,when it may pass off with thepatient having no recollection ofthe intervening events.

His memory up to the time ofthe explosion soon recovers andhe may even recall the sound ofthe coming shell, but the follow-ing moments remain a blank. Hemay live the terrifying events ina dream and forget them again onwaking. A retrograde amnesiamay be present, forgetting hisidentity and his entire previouslife, his faculties however which

have become automatic as a re-sult of years of practice are notforgotten. He is still able to read,write, talk, dress and feed him-self.

A lethargic state may exist fora time during which very littleif any interest is taken in eventshappening around him. He may,however, obey simple commandswith a delayed action; the sym-ptoms closely resemble dementiapraecox. Complete recovery,however, eventually occurs.

Headache is invariably present,but as long as the patient is in asemi-conscious or dazed conditionas a result of the shell-shock, hemay have only a heavy uncom-fortable feeling of the head; thesevere pains, however, do notregister until his mind begins toclear up. The smallest mentaleffort increases its intensity, it isfrequently worse at night andoften prevents sleep. The painappears to be 'more severe in theback of the neck and in theregion of the occiput. After thesevere neauacne leaves, a auul un-comfortable feeling still existsand varying intensities of cranialdiscomforts return with theslightest degree of excitement orany activitiy or exertion whichone may undertake, even in a con-servative way. Concentration andsustained attention are impossiblebecause of the sense of the ex-treme weariness they cause. De-cisions are difficult and brainfunction is poor, and oft times asource of considerable worry.

Mental irritability is very com-mon and self control is difficult;fatigue is readily felt with verylittle, if any, desire to exert him-self physically or mentally.

The evanescent changes in thecentral nervous system resultingfrom concussion, caused by arealcompression, may have additionalconcussion injuries caused by fly-ing missiles, falling objects, or thestriking of the head, after beingtossed about by the explosion it-self. These injuries may proveto be a more serious type of in-jury than the concussion from theareal compression.

Spinal concussion disturbancesare generally due to injuries sus-tained from flying missiles orpressure from falling objects with

or without evidences of skin andmuscle injuries.

Some cases have been examinedwhere men were suffering fromspinal concussion while still inthe trenches and within a fewminutes of being injured, the fol-lowing symptoms were noted: thecutaneous reflexes were absent,except the plantar, which was ex-tensor. The tendon reflexes wereexaggerated and extreme hypo-tonus of all muscles was present.In slight cases the hypotonus pass-ed off in a few hours with thepatient still unconscious, the legsdeveloped a slight spasticity witha normal or increased knee jerkwith the plantar reflex absent orflexor. In more severe cases thereis a diminished muscular tone fora longer period of time, and amarked flaccidity may persist,with an absence of the knee andankle jerks. In time the tone re-turns, the normal jerks are notedand the paralysis disappears.

In the profound changes in thecord, the flaccidity is replaced byincreasing snasticitv with extensorplantar reflexes, ankle clonus andincreased knee jerks; most casescompletely recover. In some,permanent lesions of the spinalcord from concussion may occur.Ocassionally the extensor reflexespersist, with slight spasticity ofthe leg muscles and an increasedknee jerk.

Anaesthesia or analgesia, partialor complete, over varying areasmay be found. The milder casesaffect the feet or legs only. Themore severely involved cases mayreveal sensation disturbances ex-tending as high as the cord seg-ment involved, when the kneejerk is absent. X-ray may show nosign of injury even though thespine may show some rigiditywith tenderness and pain on mo-tion or bending. There may bea girdle of increased sensitivenessto pain at the upper limits of thearea of diminished sensation.

The patient may be incontinentfor a few hours, followed by arentention or difficult micturitionfor a few days but shortly nor-malizes.

In the treatment of these casesof concussion of the brain or thespinal cord, complete rest in bedis one of the most essential fac-tors for recovery. Chronic head-

aches following cerebral concus-sion and persistent backachesafter spinal injuries so frequentlyfound in civil practice could havebeen, prevented by sufficient restin bed after the injury. The sameis true after true shell-shock andafter spinal injuries from burial.Many men who received all kindsof treatment in going from onehospital to another with practical-ly no benefits could have beencured with rest immediately afterthe injury.

One must bear in mind that ifa patient is kept in bed for toolong a period of time, he mayloose his power of walking andcreate the impression that he isseverely injured and develop ahysterical complex or a para-plegia. When the patient no long-er complains of pain in the headand back and no symptoms ofstupor are evident, limited activitymay be granted, such as bath-room privileges. When this iswell tolerated with no unfavor-able symptoms, appropriate butconservative exercise should bestarted.

Many of us may be eager totry osteopathy on these cases. Itsresults are not always beneficial.Many medical writers state thatmassage often aggravates thepain.. As a comment from onethat suffered a cerebral concus-sion with a prolonged recovery, wecan state that massage or manip-ulation of the neck or spine pro-duced excruciating pain over theocciputal area and at the pointof cranial injury. According tothe amount of manipulative workdone, the pain would persist froma few hours to a few days with-out the slightest let up.

Stupor and amnesia usually re-quire no special treatment. Thestupor disappears spontaneouslyand complete recovery from theamnesia soon follows. It is con-sidered unnecessary to make anyattempt to restore the lostmemory when partial amnesiapersists. The blank in the memoryis usually for a short period oftime and may be a benefit to beunable to recall unpleasant events.

A more or less complete retro-grade amnesia may require activetreatment if there are no signsof it disappearing after thepatient's general condition is wellimproved. Hypnosis is the onlytreatment that has been reportedwhich has any effect. Forgottenfacts and other details may bedescribed and their names writ-ten during hypnotic sleep, whichat first means nothing to themwhen awake. Patience and per-severance are required to restoretheir memory.

The hysterical symptoms fol-lowing concussion are a study inthemselves. Hallucinatory delir-ium of a hysterical type was arather frequently observed symp-tom of the shell-shock victims. Theemotional upheaval must be in-tense, as in war, to break downthe self control of some men, andthe "break down" can be expect-ed because of the severe fear andextreme fright accompanying theacts of war. This can affect anytype of person.

The disorders of the nervous sys-tem that arise out of fear and


STILL COLLEGE CLUBHAVE YOU JOINED YET????? . . .

This club is something new and something hot..It's less than six weeks old and has 135 members withnew ones coming every day . .

The purpose???? To put the Teaching Clinical Hospitalon a functional basis by providing funds to the PublicRelations Committee of the National Alumni Association.

Dues???? One ($1) dollar per month. Anyone witha buck may belong. We even pay the postage.

Details available upon request ...

Send dues to D. M. S. C. AI,UMNI ASSOCIATION710 Clinton, Des Moines, Iowa

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THE LOG BOOK

3. *. (O P. ISmallpox-Diphtheria Campaign

D. E. Hannan, Chairman of theDepartment on Public Affairs, re-cently submitted to the IowaState Department of Health, theSociety's plan for participation ofthe members of the osteopathicprofession in the Department'sstate-wide smallpox and diph-theria immunization program andapproval was promptly grantedby Walter L. Bierring, Com-missioner. The campaign will beheld during the week of Novem-ber 9.

Information and material per-tairing to the program will bepersonally distributed, to those at-tending the fall District meet-ings, by President Golden. Thosephysicians not attending the meet-ings will be mailed the necessaryliterature.

District MeetingsAs this issue of the Log Book

goes to press, President Goldenand Dr. VV. J. Huls are attend-ing the District meetings. Presi-dent Golden is addressing eachmeeting on the subject "State Af-fairs," and Dr. Huls is lecturingon "Osteopathic Technic."

Board of 'TrusteesThe third meeting of the Board

of Trustees for the present fiscalyear will be held at Hotel FortDes Moines, Des Moines, on Sun-day, November 15, 1942.Osteopathic Hospital Association

The following were elected of-ficers of the Iowa OsteopathicHospital Association, at its or-ganization meeting at Algona, onSunday, September 12: L. W.Jamieson, President; W. D. An-drews, Vice President; andDwight S. James, Secretary-Treasurer.

The Association has adoptedarticles of incorporation whichare recorded in the office of thePolk County Recorder, DesMoines, and has also adopted by-laws.

Quad State OsteopathicAssociation

The Quad State Osteopathic As-sociation, comprising the Statesof Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakotaand Minnesota, announces that ithas cancelled its fall meeting,special attention having beengiven to statements issued by theOffice of Defense Transportation,the War Department, the NavyDepartment, and other govern-mental agencies concerning theholding of conventions and con-sideration also having been givento the call that would be madeon the time and work of phy-sicians involved.

Radio ComrmitteePaul E. Kimberly, Chairman of

the Radio Committee, announcesthe resumption of public servicebroadcasts once each month byradio station KSO, Des Moines,beginning the last week in Octo-ber and continuing until nextJune.

Public EducationHarold D. Meyer, Chairman of

the Public Education Committee,will mail during the presentmonth the booklet "Surgery asTaught and Practiced in Ap-

proved Osteopathic Colleges andHospitals Affiliated for Teach-ing" to four hundred legislators,legislative candidates, other stateofficials and judges in Iowa.American College of Osteopathic

SurgeansJ. P. Schwartz, President of

Des Moines Still College of Osteo-pathy, spoke at the fifteenth an-nual clinical assembly of theAmerican College of OsteopathicSurgeons, October 10 to 15, inKansas City, Missouri. ByronCash, professor of roentgenologyat Still College also was on theassembly program.

Fifth District PicnicOsteopathic physicians and their

families from the Fifth Districtenjoyed the hospitality of Dr. andMrs. B. W. Jones at a picnic din-ner and program at their sum-mer home on Spirit Lake, Sunday,September 13. The cafeteria din-ner made up of baked WalleyePike and all the trimmings wasenjoyed by the guests at tablesset up on the lake shore.

Civilian DefenseG. A. Whetstine, trustee, has

recently been appointed Chief ofEmergency Medical Service ofthe Wilton Junction Civilian De-fense Council.

George C. Keays AppointedExamining Physician

George C. Keays, Gravity, hasbeen appointed camp physician(examining physician) for theRoyal Neighbors of America, Con-way, Iowa, Camp No. 5252.

Applications for MembershipA. W. Dennis, Des Moines.Walter S. Swift, Keokuk.Charles L. Hall, Lakota.E. J. Luebbers, Des Moines.Roger B. Anderson, Des Moines.Ethel Boyd, Spencer.

C. O. Meyer, Des Moines.Ira L. Christy, Farmington.Oscar DuBois, Oskaloosa.-Dwight S. James, Sec.-Treas.


(Continued from Page 3)fright are not always proportion-ate to the severity of the phy-sical injury. So it can readily benoted that the hysterical oranxiety symptoms are often super-posed on physical injuries.

In uncomplicated cases of trueshell shock, recovery often occurswith remarkable rapidity. Themajority of light cases neverreach a base hospital or never getsick at all. When severe symp-toms do develop they are general-ly the result of hysterical mani-festations becoming grafted uponthe organic changes of shell-shock, caused by areal or directconcussion. In the confusedmental condition which followsshell-shock and exhaustion fromstress and strain of active serv-ice, a man is abnormally sug-gestible. The organic paraplegia,the result of concussion injuriesof the cord soon disappears withthe return of the spinal cord toits normal condition, and a hys-terical paraplegia has replaced it.With the paralysis. at first organicwhich he discovered when comingout of his stupor, he accepts hisparalized state and makes no sub-sequent effort to move his limbs.

He then carries on, in a pseudoparalized state, which can onlyDe corrected by persuasion andsuggestion. LaKewise an initiallyorganic hemiplegia easily mergesinLo a hysterical hemiplegiawnich at times has been curea ina few minutes by simple psycno-therapy.

It is extremely difficult so longas any organic signs persist tojudge to wnat extent the symp-toms are organic in origin. Anattempt, however, should oe madeas soon as the initial stupor haspassed away to persuade tnepatient to walk.

It has been stated that somephysical signs of organic diseasesuch as an extensor plantar re-flex, a greatly exaggerated kneejerk, and true ankle clonus andunilateral absence of the abdomi-nal rellex may still be presentwhen the character of the gaitand its rapid improvement withpersuasion and re-education showsthat the symptoms are almost en-tirely hysterical.

In summarizing the findings inshell-shock, it can be stated thatdefinite injuries to the centralnervous system occur and theseverity varies with the amountor areal compression and decom-pression produced by the burstingshells.

'ITat associated injuries, director indirect, may be coexistant;and mental and hysterical symp-toms may be superposed on condi-tions that are a direct result ofinjuries.

That those who survive showchanges in the cerebrospinal fluidfor twenty-four to forty-eighthours, pass from unconsciousnessof varying length, through aperiod of stupor, a lethargic state,varying types of amnesia andheadaches of different durationsof time and intensity with event-ual recovery.

That nervous disturbances areevident and mental irritability isnoted. Mental and physicalfatigue is readily felt, concentra-tion is difficult and there is verylittle desire for exertion.

That the injuries of war are thesame as those resulting from brainand cord injuries in civil life,requiring rest in bed with ap-propriate care until all symptomsof the cerebral and spinal cordinjuries have subsided.

That the superposed nervousdisturbances and hysterical mani-festations must be corrected byre-education, suggestion and per-suasion.

For additional information andcase histories of the various typesof disturbances mentioned, I re-fer you to the book "MedicalDiseases of War" by Sir ArthurHurst.

-R. B. Bachman, D.O.

Kenny Method

(Continued from Page 2)tirely, functional in nature ratherthan due directly to the diseasein the central nervous system.If one group of muscles is inspasm and cannot relax, the an-tagonistic group is preventedfrom fully contracting due to thebrake-like action of the spasticmuscles; any attempt at contrac-tion of the non-spastic group

stretches its antagonistic spasticgroup and increases the spasmand pain; a fear complex is setup and the patient refrains fromusing his non-spastic group; afunctional breakdown betweenthe brain-control and the non-spastic group develops and thenon-spastic muscles undergo aflaccid paralysis. Miss Kenny be-lieves that the patient loses hismental awareness of these flac-cid muscles, and the flaccid mus-cles becomes "alienated" fromtheir brain control. She teachespatients to use flaccid musclesmerely by restoring the patient'smental awareness of those mus-cles and thus correcting theiralienation.

Contrast the above discussionof paralysis of poliomyelitis withwhat has been generally acceptedby the majority of physicians whodiscuss this disease. They havesaid that when the anterior horncells motor or cranial nuclei areinvolved we have a flaccid paraly-sis because of the destruction ofthe nerve cells in the gray mat-ter of the central nervous sys-tem; therefore, no impulses willreach the muscles normally sup-plied by these nerve cells. Wenow know that such a conditionrarely occurs.

Pathologists, for a number ofyears, have discussed certainearly changes of anterior polio-myelitis. These changes areedema, perivascular infiltration,petechial hemorrhages and the di-rect effect of the virus on the an-terior horn cells. The first threealter the nutrition of the cellsand probably their function, butit is only temporary. The actionof the virus on some of the neu-rons may be totally destructive,causing permanent loss of func-tion, while on others it may causeonly temporary damage, the cellsafter a period of time regaintheir normal function. If weknew more about the pathologicphysiology of the central nervoussystem in poliomyelitis or of theaffected musculature, we probab-ly would appreciate to a greaterextent Miss Kenny's discussion ofthe symptoms and treatment ofthis disease.

The newer knowledge of thepathology of poliomyelitis indi-cates that it is an encephalopolio-myelitis and ganglionitis. Thelesions of the brain are just asmuch a part of the disease asare the lesions of the cord. Theareas in the brain, most common-ly showing the severe lesions arethe vestibular nuclei and asso-ciated cerebellar centers, espe-cially the roof nuclei; the cen-tral gray matter of the midbrain; the thalamic and hypo-thalamic nuclei, and area 4 (mo-tor area) of the neo-cortex butno other part of the cortex.Here we have the backgroundnot for a single, simple pictureof flaccid paralysis, but for di-verse symptoms and signs; forincoordination, for tremors, forvariations in tonus, and for auto-nomic anomalies. Further we havehere a background for transitorysigns and symptoms, for temporaryparalysis, possibly for that con-dition Miss Kenny has called"mental alienation."

Lonnie L. Facto(To be continued.)

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LOG BOOKAccepted for mailing at


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Volume 20 NOVEMBER 15, 1942 NUMBER 11

WAR GAS POISONING

John B. ShumakerThe use of poison gas in war-

fare is not new. Its use datesback at least to the fifth century,B. C., when, in the PeloponnesianWar., Archidamos ordered faggotsimpregnated with pitch and sul-phur to be ignited outside thewalls of a city. The windchanged, however, and the fumescarine-backi iintoi the faces of thebesiegers. The attack failed. TheBritish advocated the use ofpoison gas as early as 1812 butdid not use it because it wasagainst the principles of civilizedwarfare. In the first WorldWar the Germans exploitedmodern gases, starting withchlorine, and later resorting tomustard gas, the sternutators,phosgene, and even the arsenicalvapors. Mussolini employed gassuccessfully in the Ethiopian Warwhen one of his Italian armieswas in danger of being surround-ed. The Japs have used Lewisite,an arsenical, in their war withthe Chinese.

Poison gas is best employed asa defensive weapon, and serves tohamper the progress of an ad-vancing army. The persistentgases such as mustard are mostsatisfactory in this respect, sincethey remain in a locality formany hours after the defendershave withdrawn from the area.

Despite the deadly character ofmost poison gases, the number ofcasualties from its use are sur-prisingly low, providing adequateprotection, such as gas masks, isavailable, and common sense isapplied. Total gas fatalities inthe World War were only 2%7 ofthe total, and of these, mustardgas caused 8 times as manyfatalities as all the other gasescombined.

Some Simple Precautions1. Put on the gas mask when

warned. Also put mask on a gasvictim or adjust the one he isalready wearing.

2. Move across the wind andup hill to escape the gassed area.Gases are heavier than air, andthey drift with the wind. Stayaway from basements, subways,and the lower floors of buildings.Try to get to the third floor ifpossible.

3. Learn the odors of thevarious gases and act accordingly.Keep cool and try to allay thefears of others. A gas panic iseasily started, and casualties aregreatly increased through fear.

4. Learn to know and to ap-prenhend the weather conditionwhich are best suited for gasattack and be prepared. Bewareof cool, calm, cloudy weather.



Paralysis

(Continued)Incoordination, according to

Miss Kenny is the second of themajor symptoms of infantile

Dr. Lonnie Facto

paralysis, and is classed undertwo headings. First, that due tothe spreading of motor impulsesirnt-ndrri fnrr n crtfain miuscle tn

less carefully supervised and di-rected may do great harm, there-fore, and lead to difficulties insecuring the return of normalfunction.

"Mental Alienation," the thirdof the major symptoms of infan-tile paralysis, is the term used byMiss Kenny to describe a condi-tion in which there is inabilityto produce a voluntary, purpose-ful movement in a muscle inspite of the fact that the nervepaths to that muscle are intact.

This is a physiological blockwhich must be distinguished fromthe organic interruption result-ing from destruction of anteriorhorn cells by the disease. Thereare several ways in which mentalalienation may conceivably beproduced, the most frequent areas follows:

1. A muscle is pulled beyondits norrmal Iestings length by itsopponent which is in spasm.

2. A muscle may become"alienated" when pain is pro-duced in its involved opponent bythe attempt of such unaffectedmuscle to contract.

3. The spasm, or its later re-sults, in an affected muscle maybe so severe that the brakingaction or check on the normal

other muscles or groups of opposing muscle may discouragemuscles due to such conditions as the latter enough to producepain on attempted motion of the "alienation."involved muscle or inability of 4. The disease may producethat muscle to perform its proper changes in the nervous systemfunction. Second, that occurring which do cause loss of conduc-within the involved muscle itself tion power and interference withso that ineffective contraction is normal neuro-muscular action.produced instead of a coordina- Muscles that are non-function-tion rhythmic contraction producing due to "mental alienation'ing maximum motion at the inmay remain permanently in thissertion of the muscle. state unless treated.

Uncontrolled voluntary motion, An example of "mental aliena-when attempted in the presence tion" not due to infantile paraly-when attempted in the presenceof spasm, leads to the symptom of sis, frequently seen by orthopedicincoordination by the development surgeons, is the inability of someof abnormal motion patterns and patients to contract the quadri-misuse of muscles. Active mo- ceps after a knee operation ortion on the part of a patient un- (Continued' n -Page 2)

Pursuit for a ReasonThe mechanism of effects of an

Osteopathic Lesion or of the ex-pression of any symptoms mustpursue one or more of thesethree channels: 1. Reflex arc dis-turbance, 2. Vaso-motor disturb-ance, 3. Intoxication by accumu-lated and perverted metabolicproducts. Always one, usually all,of these methods are operativein an almost incomprehensiblycomplex cycle in any lesion areaor disease, not that the Osteo-pathic Lesion is not a disease initself.

Of primary interest, however,is the nerve tissue; for no mat-ter what mechanism is responsi-ble for a lesion effect or a symp-tom, nerve tissue is the conduc-tive system over which it oper-ates. Hence a current knowledgeof the anatomy and physiology ofthe vegetative nervous system isnecessary. I say "current" forall that is known of nerve tissueanatomy and physiology and itsreaction in disease is far frombeing all there is to know. Medi-cal publication usually containssome new adaptation or applica-tion that has not been previouslyvisualized, certainly not back inthe days covered with must whenmany of our texts were laid torest in type.

Involvement of nerve tissue bytoxicity, trophic change and in-flammation is not identified or-dinarily by those simple terms.The terms neurosis, neuralgia,and neuritis are three distinctnames that indicate a differencein degree of toxicity or inflamma-tion! of nervous tissue. Even theseare not adequate and so neurosisis broken down to apply to eachindividual nerve, viscus, and eachimportant symptom of mentalaberration and glandular dysfunc-tion. Similarly a multitude ofneuralgias are recognized; and,of course, neuritis is usually ap-plied to the area innervated bythe nerve involved. This com-plexity of nomenclature indicatesthat involvement of nerve tissueis as varied as the symptoms itproduces, as diverse as the num-ber of individual nerves and theirarea of distribution.

Therefore, one of the problemsof the next few papers will bean effort to establish a generaliza-tion regarding nerve tissue inorder to clarify, if possible, thefunction of and involvement ofnerve tissue in disease.

The progressive sequence ofnerve tissue involvement is neuro-sis, to neuralgia, .to neuritis, and


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THE LOG BOOK

Looking back over the intervalbetween the last time Deltachapter of Phi Sigma Gamma re-ported, we can report one of thebusiest months the fraternity hashad in a long time. Among themost prominent occasions was thesenior banquet at which we werehonored by having both theGrand President of Phi SigmaGamma, Dr. Blind, and the GrandSecretary-Treasurer, Dr. O. E.Owen. After the banquet Dr.Blind, a prominent surgeon in theosteopathic field, showed severalfilms of his latest optical opera-tions.

With the opening of the newsemester, the usual and unusualrushing parties again take aprominent place in fraternity life.This year, because of the short-age of bachelor students, the PhiSigs substituted for the tradition-al smoker a dinner to which thewives of the new students wereinvited to attend with their hus-bands. We always welcome theopportunity to become acquaintedwith the new students, and foundit doubly enjoyable to meet theirwives, too.

With all the above events outof the way, we are now lookingforward to the fall initiationwhich will be held on Friday,November 13th, and Sunday,November 15th. On the Fridayfollowing the initiation, the chap-ter will hold a formal dance atthe chapter house in honor of thenew actives.

-H. G. H.

fnnn' A

Business was the theme of thePsi Sigma Alpha honorary fra-ternity meeting held Tuesday,October 27, at the Phi SigmaGamma house. If plans are fol-lowed there should be a very in-teresting semester's work ahead.

A hearty welcome is expectedto all the new freshmen.

-C. S.

Since you last heard from uswe have been busy indeed. Wehave had a meeting at the Pitwith royal spareribs for a feast,and our new pledge for company.Then there was that lovelyPledge Dinner and Senior Ban-quet combined out at Mrs. Doty's.At that time we honored our onedeparting senior, Emma Mac-Adams, much better known to allof us as just our Mac. MissSarah Jean Gibson also at thattime received her welcome intothe sorority as a pledge and atthe present time she is carryingout certain duties of which the

students who frequent the Stu-dent Lounge are well aware! Tocontinue on this banquet theme-we want to wish to our seniormember, and to all seniors thebest that can go with them asthey leave us for further workin the field of Osteopathy. Weknow they will carry our torchhigh and prove that Osteopathyhas a place in therapeutic valuessecond to none. To Doctor Owenand Jack Price who made ourbanquet that evening more en-joyable by furnishing records anda player we want to extend ourthanks. You should have seenthe fun we had-and the, expres-sions on those faces!

Before it is forgotten we'd likeyou to know that even with oursmall numbers we do have of-ficers and they were installed atthe same time of our Pledge andSenior Banquet. The honorablepresident is Mary Williams, thevice-president and recordingsecretary-treasurer is our viva-cious Mary Toriello, and the cor-responding secretary, escort andguard is the one who gives youthese reports now-Mary Klesner.We will keep the sorority busyand useful as long as we are here,even though our number seems tocontinually diminish. Again theplea is heard - send us moregirls!

A very pleasant meeting washeld at the home of "the twoMarys" a few evenings ago, andwe found it a special pleasureat that time to begin educatingour pledge to the mysteries ofthe organization with which shenow has become associated. Wehope that soon our plans for herinitiation will be worked out andyou may hear more of that inthe next edition of the Log Book.

-M. K., corr. sec.

Kenny Method(Continued From Page 1)

other painful lesion of the joint.Sometimes re-education is neededfor a prolonged period before nor-mal ronftrol f t

hmrvoil. ic; ,h,_-abases* %-Avll6 VLA V% 1 % lI U >lUj ulC 1J UU-

tained in these cases.Before taking up the treatment

of infantile paralysis, I would liketo say that there are a numberof important questions that mightbe asked which have not beenanswered in this discussion; suchquestions as: whether the musclespasm is of central or peripheralorigin; whether the spasm is ofinflammatory, toxic, or anoxemicorigin; the relation of musclefasciculation to massive fibrilla-tion; the peripheral circulatoryfactor; the relation of acetylcholine to the myoneural junc-tion or end-nlate: the relationof the myoneural junction tofatigue; the effects of decreasedblood flow on the acetyl cholinecontent; the influence of potas-sium ions; the question of organicparalysis and pseudo-paralysis;the pathologic changes in oraround the sympathetic nervecells in the spinal cord; the im-portance of the "cooling off" pro-cess between application of thehot fomentations. To attempt toanswer these questions would leadus into a lengthy discussion which

is not called for at this time.Treatment

The Kenny treatment shouldbegin just as soon as the diagno-sis of infantile paralysis is made,The patient is put to bed andkept comfortable and relaxed inthe normal anatomical positionwithout splints or braces or anyother forms of fixation whichmight lead to rigidity or stiffnessof the joints, or aggravate themuscle spasm that is already pres-ent.

The mattress should be firmand supported by a fractureboard between the springs andthe mattress. A piece of wallboard or other like materialwhich is several inches longerthan the width of the mattressfor the purpose of tying it to thefoot of the bed, and from twelveto eighteen inches wide and isheld away from the mattress bytwo four-inch cubes of wood atthe outer corners of the mattressis used. This leaves an open spacebetween the foot of the mattressand the foot of the bed which isfor the patient's toes or heels torest in when he is lying on theback or face down. The footboard is for the purpose of allow-ing the patient to maintain thestanding reflexes during his stayin bed and it is not in any sensea splint. The patient's position inbed is one that closely approxi-mates the normal standing posi-tion 'with the body straight, thearms at the side and the legsin a straight line. He lies in bedbetween woolen blankets with acotton drawn sheet under thehead and another under the but-tocks. The bed clothes coveringthe patient are carried over thefoot board which serves the addi-tional purpose of keeping thecovers off the feet. A foldedtowel is placed under the kneesto prevent hyperextension, whichmay be modified to take care ofany part of the body, in anydegree of muscle spasm, and isfor the purpose of relaxation. Togive the patient greater relaxa-tion, he should be turned facedown two or three times a dayunless this position causes respir-atory embarassment. In theacute stage the patient is urgedto lie flat, but one no longerfears that the patient will do him-self harm through voluntarymovement. If the abdominalmuscles are in spasm, the patientlies on his back with the hips andknees flexed, the lower legs rest-ing horizontally on a pile of fiveor six pillows. The pillows aregradually removed as the spasmdecreases. No restriction isplaced on the position in whicha patient chooses to sleep. Ifthere is active spasm in the calfmuscles the foot is not put incontact with the foot board untilthe spasm has been released.The Equipment Used in Preparing

The Fomentations1. An ordinary clothes boiler.2. An ordinary clothes wringer

attached to the center of ahome-made table frame.

3. Squares of rubber sheeting20" x 20".

4. Woolen fomentation material.The size and shape of thefoments varies with the pa-

tient to be treated. For theback, abdomen, and neck,rectangular foments are used.For the arms, shoulders, legs,and buttocks, triangular ones

are used because there ismore give to material cutdiagonally, they fit better andallow for free movement ofthe part while the fomenta-tion is in place. The triangu-lar shape also allows thefomentation to carry from thethigh to the buttock, shoulderto chest, so that the wholemuscle spasm may be covered.

5. Dry flannel and venetiancloth, cut 2 inches larger thanthe fomentation material andused to cover the hot fomenta-tions.

6. Cotton binders to keepfomentations in place.

7. Safety pins, spring clothespins, and lifting forceps.

Treatment of the 'Spasm"As soon as spasm is diagnosed,

treatment should be started bythe use of hot fomentationswhich are prepared in a man-ner somewhat different from theusual procedure. Woolen clothssuch as old blankets are cut tofiit the parts accurately so thatthere will not be too much bulkby folding, but so that there aretwo thicknesses over each areato be treated. A light water-proof covering is used and aroundthis a piece of dry woolen ma-terial of appropriate size andshape is wrapped and pinned inposition. These outer coveringsare spread out and placed ac-curately in position under thearea to be treated before the hotflannel is removed from the con-tainer.

The foments are boiled andwrung from the boiling watertwice through a very tight wring-er at the bedside so thac as muchwater as possible is removed.They are then applied directlyand as quickly as possible on thepart so as to minimize anychance for cooling. It is wellto use old wool for the wet packsbecause new wool seems to bemore irritating to some patients.It is unnecessary to protect theskin with ointments althoughsome patients show sensitivity tothe application of wet heat by askin rash but burns should notoccur. The packs are placed ac-curately over the entire muscleand care should be taken tomake them of adequate size sincethe wool tends to shrink from theboiling.

Joints should not be coveredby the packs because of the re-sultant limitation of motion andincreased difficulty of treatmentunless the involved muscle itselfcovers a joint, as for example,the deltoid covering the shoulderjoint. In the hand and foot, ofcourse, joints are necessarilycovered because of the small areainvolved. The packs do not inany way constitute splints andthey must not give the patientany sense of fixation. They are,renewed usually every two hours,but may be applied as often asevery fifteen minutes when thespasm is unusually acute orthreatens the life of the patient,


I

THE LOG BOOK

The LoA BookThe Official Publication of


Editor .........-.. Lester Raub, B. S.

Advisor...................J. P. Schwartz


Kenny Method(Continued from Page 2)

as in involvement of the musclesof respiration. In such a casethe wet packs may be used with-out covering. The packs are con-tinued uninterruptedly beingchanged as indicated throughouttwelve hours of each day. Thealternate heating and cooling ofthe parts as accomplished by

--these packs seem to be the factorwhich tends to overcome spasm.

Passive motion through therange that can be obtained with-out pain is carried out at leastonce a day but care should betaken not to aggravate spasm bytoo frequent examination.

The Kenny technique does notpermit muscle testing or the useof respirators. Muscle testing,which incidentally has never beenaccurate in the acute stage ofinfantile paralysis, is definitelydangerous because of the likeli-hood of exaggerating spasm, or ofproducing incoordination and"alienation." The respirator isnot used because its mechanicalaction in pullling on the ribstends to aggravate the spasm inthe intercostal muscles and be-cause the treatment in thesecases, in which spasm is thecause of respiratory difficulty,should be by hot foments. Thecases in which the higher cen-ters are involved are not bene-fitted by either treatment, andmay be damaged by the use ofthe respirator.

-Lonnie L. Facto.(To Be Continued)

WTar Gas Poisoning(Continued from Page 1)

Persistent GasesPersistent gases are most dan-

gerous. Their rates of evapora-tion are slow, and they tend toremain in the area for manyhours contaminating the air, andoften the shrubbery, walls, andground. These gases are: mus-tard, Lewisite, chloropicrin, andbrombenzylcyanide.

ClassificationThe substances used in gas war-

fare may be grouped under sev-eral headings in descending orderof toxicity.

I. Vesicants-including mustard,Lewisite, ethyldichlorarsine.

II. Asphyxiants (lung irritants)-chlorine, phosgene, chloropicrin,diphosgene.

III. Lacrimators - chloraceto-p h e n o n e, brombenzylcyanide,ethyliodoacetate.

IV. Nasal irritants (sternuta-tors)--Adamsite, diphenylchlorar-sine, diphenylcyanoarsine.

V. Smokes-sulphur trioxide inchlorsulfonic acid, titanium tetra-chloride.

Strictly Plutonic

Trihydrol and dihydrol, oxonium alcohol,Aqua pura, distillata (water, one and all):Solid, gas and liquid states conform to common rule,But challenge scientific men with varied molecule:They're alcohol and aldehyde, straight-chained and cyclic, too;They come in 4's, in 3's and 2's-this chemist's Waterloo.

Opinions on such aggregates arise from deep researchOn water's critical temperature, below which units merge.Its boiling point is much too high for simple H2 0.Its freezing point, when it's dissolved, alas, is far too low!The reason for the polymers, our chemist friends decides,Is quadrivalent oxygen, which must be satisfied.

Its odd specific gravity, inordinate latent heat,Great interfacial energy, make water hard to beat.Electrolyte and catalyst and solvent, all in one,And dielectric constant high make most reactions run.Its thermal conductivity and low internal frictionLeave water standing sans pareil, to use poetic diction.

It keeps terrestrial temperatures within a vital range,Prevents our protoplasmic stuff from making lethal change.Essential for the bugs and worms and fish and human kind,But whose peculiar molecule perplexes human mind,Yes, "Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink,"But water, water anywhere, should surely make us think.

-Hugh Clark.

VI. Incendiaries - white phos-phorus, thermite.

Symptoms and TreatmentIn every case of gas poisoning,

the victim must be protected bya gas mask properly adjusted toprevent further inhalation of thevapors. He must be removedfrom the area of contaminationto pure air as soon as possible.If poisoned by a persistent gassuch as mustard, his clothingmust be removed as promptly aspossible to prevent furtherolistering of the skin. Transfer toa hospital must be made as soonas it is feasible.

I, VesicantsThese are exemplified in mus-

tard gas and Lewisite. Mustardhas the odor of garlic, onion, orhorseradish but faint. Lewisiteis reminiscent of geraniums. Bothare heavy oils with low volatilityand penetrate leather, and allsubstance except glass, porcelain,etc.

Mustard has a delayed actionof two hours or more. It ir-ritates the eyes and nasal pas-sages, and when on the skin,causes after a few hours, severeburns which usually become in-fected and leave scars after heal-ing. The gas is oil-soluble andenters the lipoid tissue. Thepoints of attack on the body sur-face are usually the moist areassuch as the axillae, genitals, andgroins. Clothing should be re-moved and the affected areaswashed with oil, kerosene, or anointment to remove liquid mus-tard. Soap and water, or sodiumbicarb. solution should be ap-plied. Blisters should be open-ed with a syringe. Tannic acidpreparations are recommendedfor later application. Codliver oildressings are also good.

When the eyes are affected,there is noted intense smarting,photophobia, lacrimation, painand headache. The eyes swelland often close. Conjunctivitismay follow. Palliative treatmentis recommended. Sterilized liquidpetrolatum between the eyelids

will prevent their closure. 2%argyrol and 1% atropine are use-ful. The eyes should be shaded butnot bandaged. The patient shouldbe encouraged to use the eyes asmuch as may be convenient.

The respiratory tract, exclud-ing the small bronchi, may beaffected. Early symptoms aresimilar to a severe cold, includ-ing sneezing and extensive waterydischarges. The nares becomesore and sometimes ulcerationand hemorrhage occur. A nasaldouche with 5% sodium bicarb,and tincture benzoin inhalationare recommended. Pneumoniamay follow, and this condition isto be treated as usual.

The stomach may be disturbedif any of the gas has beenswallowed in saliva, etc. Epigas-tric pain and vomiting may occurwithin 8 hours. In severe casesdiarrhea may follow. Stomachdisturbance is usually over in 48hours.

Lewisite exhibits its symptomsmore quickly than mustard, thesebeginning to appear within 20minutes. They are similar tothose of mustard, and are treat-ed accordingly. Treatments mustbe made promptly to avoid dan-ger of arsenic absorption andsubsequent poisoning.

II. AsphyxiantsThese are primarily chlorine,

phosgene, and chloropicrin. Treat-ments are the same for each gas.Chlorine is a visible yellowish-green heavy gas and has the odorof bleaching powder, and Hilex,pungent and irritating. Phos-gene is almost colorless, with theodor of new mown hay, or sil-age, is pungent and disagreeable.Chloropicrin has a licorice-likeodor.

These gases cause pulmonaryedema which retards the processof respiration. In severe casesasphyxia may occur, resulting indeath. Vomiting and retching ac-companied by headache andweakness in legs may be noted.Bronchitis or bronchial pneu-

monia usually follows gas inhala-tion.

In the treatment, absolute restis essential. The patient must betransported on a stretcher. Hemay be given hot drinks particu-larly coffee as a stimulant. Some-times artificial stimulation isnecessary to empty lungs offluid. Oxygen inhalation relievesasphyxia, but patient may ob-ject to the oppression of a maskon the face. In mild cases 5grains amonium carbonate every3 hours is recommended. Mor-phine, 1/6 grain for mental dis-tress is suggested, but not atro-pine. Recovery is aided byactivity and exercise. The symp-toms of phosgene poisoning maybe delayed for 12 hours and pa-tient may not be aware of beingpoisoned before he collapses.Generally speaking the use ofalcohol and smoking are notrecommended.

III. LacrimatorsThese gases (chloracetophenone,

brombenzylcyanide, etc.) exhibitmore or less transient symptomsand are not to be regarded asdangerous. They attack the eyesand cause temporary discomfortto the eyes and nasal passages.Apply boric acid or weak sodiumbicarb. and avoid temptation torub the eyes. The lacrimatorshave long been used by police todispell mobs.

IV. SternutatorsAdamsite smells like coal

smoke, causes sneezing, headache.Keep patient quiet, warm, let himsniff bleaching powder, and giveaspirin for headache. Other sneezegases behave similarly and aretreated similarly.

V. and VI. Smokes andIncendiaries

Aside from temporary flow oftears the smokes do little or noharm. Phosphorus burns aretreated with copper sulfate packs,imbedded particles are removed,and treatment for burns is fol-lowed.Gas masks afford adequate pro-tection against all gases. Recog-nition of a gas determines thetreatment and saves a life.

Note-This paper is a resumeof a lecture presented by Dr.Shumaker, Oct. 2, at the Tech-nical Program of the Fiftieth An-niversary Celebration of Osteo-pathy.

West Virginia

The next meeting of the WestVirginia Board of Osteopathy willbe held at the Daniel BooneHotel, Charleston, West Virginia,April 26 and 27, 1943. The timeof meeting has been changedfrom February due to the changein dates of graduation at ourschools owing to the war effort.

Applications for either examina-tion or reciprocity to be con-sidered at this meeting must befield with the secretary not laterthan April 1, 1943.

Application blanks may besecured by writing the Secretary,Guy E. Morris, D.O., 542 EmpireBank Building, Clarksburg, WestVirginia.

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THE LOG BOOK

Trip to Macon

On October 24th in the weesmall hours of the morning sev-eral cars left Des Moines filledwith students of the Senior class-es and wound their leisurely way

to Macon, Missouri, for the an-nual visit to the Still-HildrethSanitorium.

A short visit was made atKirksville on the way includinga rapid tour through the Kirks-ville Osteopathic College.

We continued the short driveto Macon and met at the Sani-torium according to schedule. Dr.Fred Still 'met the group andshowed us to the ballroom wherewe gratefully sank into comfort-able chairs while listening to thelectures.

Dr. Fred Still began the lec-tures by a short resume of thefounding of the instiution, thehistory of the buildings them-selves and a brief sketch of thecare of patients. (Believe it ornot, we were all there listeningto the lectures when Dr. Factoarrived imagine his surprise!)Particular mention was made of"Woody" (Chief Wahoo) Hocka-day, telling about his conditionand many of his exploits."Woody" then came in to lec-ture to the group. As usual, histopic was world peace and he re-counted to us his ideas for se-curing peace and recognition. Hetold us about several of his visitsabout the country on his peacecampaigns and requested anaudience with one of the groupto make further plans. ClydeJohnson was selected to act inthis capacity and can, no doubt,give you quite a bit of informa-tion about ridding the world ofwar.

Dr. Fred then introduced thestaff of the institution and an-nounced the adjournment for din-ner. We were served a mostdelicious chicken dinner follow-ing which Dr. Fred extended thewelcome from Still-Hildreth. Dr.Facto responded with our ap-preciation and called upon EdMossman (senior A vice-pres.)and Jim Bone (student councilpres.) to give a word.

Dinner was followed by a tourthrough the main building andannex, visiting with some of thepatients and hearing about theindividuals and the care andtreatment given.

After the tour, again we metin the ballroom and heard a lec-ture by Dr. Hoyle about Schizo-phrenia.

We all gathered on the stepsfor some pictures then wearilyclimbed into the cars and startedhomeward.

Our thanks to Dr. Facto for ar-ranging this trip for the Seniors.Perhaps we should thank bothDr. Facto and Dr. Fred Still formaking sure we all got out ofthe Sanitorium, although we wor-ried a few minutes about theabsence of little -Sue (ask: herwhat happened).

-Mary Williams.



even ending in complete degnera-tion of the nerve itself and con-sequent changes in the tissue in-nervated. In other words thenerve disease begins with an in-toxication; trophic change, dis-turbance of the gradation ofsynaptic resistance with the ex-pression of the condition in thearea innervated being any dys-function, perversion of functionor acquisition of abnormal char-acteristics. This extent of in-volvement constitutes a neurosis.

The etiology of the changes thatconstitute a neurosis is as variedas the symptomatology. "Everyordinary or exceptional experi-ence of human life" is the ubi-quitous etiology. Toxemia, dueto drugs, ingested and absorbedsubstances, metabolic disease,acute or chronic infectious dis-eases and even toxicity of ourown accumulated metabolic prod-ucts, is adequate to initiate theinvolvement. Inherited instabilityof nerve function (abnormalgradation of synapses), trauma,emotional disturbances, perverteddiet, and avitaminosis are alldoubtlessly etiological factors.Thus neurosis is a nutritional ortoxic disturbance to a nerve cellwith resultant dysfunction of thenerve itself and of the tissue in-nervated.

PathologyPathology of nerve cells in-

volved in neurosis consists onlyof: a diminution in the numberof Nissels granules slight ab-normality in staining reactions;barely detectable irregularity andswelling of the cell. Even thoughthese changes are by some con-sidered a non-pathological evi-dence they are with increasingfrequency being appreciated to bemore than functional disturbancesbecause of their constancy. Evi-dence is established that there ispersistent metabolic disturbance,nutritional defection, vaso-motorabnormality and the absorbtionby the nerve cells of toxic sub-stances mentioned above in diE-cussion of etiology. Therefore,neurosis represents the conditionof the beginning of true path-ology.

ClassificationThe common classification of

neuroses, along with an exampleof each type, follows:Glandular neurosis - Froelich's

SyndromeFatigue neurosis NeurastheniaMotor neurosis ParkinsonianismSecretory neurosis - Hyperchlor-

hydriaInfectious neurosis ChoreaSensory neurosis - Pain anc

paresthesiaSyncho-neurosis-HysteriaOrgan neurosis-GastricVascular neurosis-Raynaud's

SymptomatologyAs has been mentioned any

symptom, since all are the re-sult of toxemia, reflex arc orvaso-motor disturbance, may becaused by this beginning phaseof neurosis of the nerve cellsThe effect on the -structure in-

nervated may be: hyperfunction;hypofunction; or the effect ofthese altered functions on othertissues.

TreatmentTreatment by ordinary allo-

pathic physicians includes amongother things equally inexplicable,iron, quinine chloral hydrate,triple bromides, strychinine; bella-dona, arsenic, all the vitamins,salicylates, lead water, potash nuxvomica, morphine, T.N.T., HC1,mercury, chloroform, ephedrine,adrenaline, iodides, cocaine,acetanilide, antipyrin, phenacetin,fish oils, valerian, ergot, castoroil, mustard, cannabis indica.Also the following treatments areused for apparently no moreplausible reason than the inef-fectiveness of the above "stand-ard prescriptions": long wavediathermy, short wave, infra-red,ultra-violet, ichthyol, magnesia,vibrations, glandular and sup-posedly glandular products,x-rays, ozone, to which theChinese add shark-fin soup. Uponretrospection the last might bethe best if it tastes good.

Rational treatment includes:The eradication of etiological fac-tors responsible for toxicity andnutritional disturbance; normal-ization of synaptic resistances bythe correction of spinal and vis-ceral lesions, and by the facilita-tion of drainage from the nervetissue by manipulation; and theestablishment of proper routineand application in the patient'slife. This is usually all the treat-ment necessary for this low gradeinvolvement of nerve tissue.

The next degree of nerve tissueinvolvement, that classed asneuralgia, will be considered ina subsequent paper.

-Byron E. Laycock.

Births

Doctor and Mrs. Neal Johnsonof Scottville, Michigan, announcethe birth of a baby boy, AllenNeal, on October 19 in the DetroitOsteopathic Hospital.

Also in Michigan Doctor andMrs. R.'P. Perdue of Flint sendnews of a 73/ pound son, ArnoldLee, born October 16.

Kenneth SchwabReceives Commission

Kenneth Schwab of the Fresh-man A class has been called toactive Naval service. He hasbeen granted a commission asEnsign and will leave Des MoinesSaturday, November 14, to joinhis wife in Washington, D. C.,before proceeding to the postwhere he will receive his prepara-tory training. We wish EnsignSchwab the best of luck and areexpecting to have him back atStill, after the duration.

Freshman ElectionThe Freshmen A's held a meet-

ing Wednesday, November 4, forthe purpose of class election andthe choosing of a class advisor.This class of 14 with Mr. H.Waldo Merril, student councilrepresentative, as chairman, elect-ed Mr. James W. Allender aspresident, Mr. ,Gorden Sherwoodas vice president, and Miss Sarah-Jean Gibson as secretary-treas-urer. For their advisor theychose Dr. B. E. Laycock. Thiswas the first organized meetingof the Freshman A class, but farfrom the last. This class, I'msure, is going to be one of themost lively in school.

Military NewsRecently acquired addresses:

Private David FriedmanInfirmaryNew Cumberland, Penna.

R. L. Nicholas30 M.T.B., Co. A, 3rd Pit.Camp Grand, Illinois

ACTIVITIES:Lieutenant Joe Gurka has re-

cently been visiting in Glasgow,Scotland, while on a furloughfrom England where he is sta-tioned.

Junior A Class MeetingThe Junior A class recently

elected their officers for the cur-rent semester. The results were:President, Dave Heflin; vice-pres-ident, Carl Waterbury; secretary-treasurer, George Shimoda. Dr.Clark of the faculty has consent-ed to be the class sponsor.

-George Shimoda.

STILL COLLEGE CLUBHAVE YOU JOINED YET????? .

This club is something new and something hot ....It's less than six weeks old and has 135 members withnew ones coming every day....

The purpose???? To put the Teaching Clinical Hospitalon, a functional basis by providing funds to the PublicRelations Committee of the National Alumni Association.

Dues???? One ($1) dollar per month. Anyone witha buck may belong. We even pay the postage.

Details available upon request ...

Send dues to D. M. S. C. ALUMNI ASSOCIATION710 Clinton, Des Moines, Iowa

P. E. K., D. O.

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Entered as sematter, Februaryat the post offiMoines, Iowa,act of August

cond cs ss T H Econd class Accepted for rr 3rd, 1923, ^s special rates ofce at Des - -- -provided for inunder the * * 1103, Act of Oct.24th, 1912. authorized Feb. .

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3rd, 1917,3rd, 1923.

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Volume 20 DECEMBER 15, 1942 NUMBER 12

j .2'I'UI2P4"*j A rj I ' I I\Jio I lS_1zrA flnI . . .

A Progressive Science

"A stream rises no higher thanits source." As a corollary tothe above quotation, we may saythat the Osteopathic professioncan rise no higher than its educa-tional standards and its educa-tional policies and facilities. OnOctober 3, 1942, we celebrated the50th anniversary of the beginningof Osteopathic education and theestablishment of the first institu-tion for the teaching of the sci-ence of Osteopathy. This date isindeed an important mile-stone,and is worthy of the attentionand thoughful consideration ofscholars and philosophers, as wellas of those who are primarilyinterested in the growth and de-velopment of Osteopathy as amodern science of healing. Be-ginning in a very humble way,in a small cottage in Kirksville,Mo., on October 3, 1892, with aclass of seventeen, Dr. AndrwTaylor Still, laid the foundationstone of the Osteopathic educa-tional program. The faculty waslimited, but had the priceless ad-vantage of the inspiration andthe vision of the founder.

The course of study consistedof two full years of ten monthseach, which was the requirementfor the following fourteen years.Irn 1906 the requirements wereextended to three years of ninemonths each with high schoolgraduation as an entrance pre-requisite. Ten years later, in1916, the course of study wasagain extended to four full yearsof nine months each, high schoolgraduation remaining as thenecessary entrance requirement.In the meantime other Ostepathiccolleges were established in vari-ous parts of the United States, anumber of which had adequatefinancial background and profes-sional leadership, and which havesurvived and constitute today animportant part of the Osteopathicsystem of education. OtherOsteopathic colleges not so strong-ly endowed, played their partin the early development ofOsteopathic education and wereeither discontinued or absorbedby the better established Osteo-pathic institutions.

With the extension of theOsteopathic curricular programs


Dr. Bachman Ill

To Dr. Bachman, who has beenlaid up in bed the last few days,the school and the Log Booksend their best Christmas and get-well wishes.

_ Al , { WA

GREETINGS...

As we once again approach the Christmas Seasonit is not with the customary joviality and merriment asin years past. Once wae took it all for granted . .Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! This yearthe same old greeting pulls at our heart-stringss as werealize that almost every family-circle in the Nationis broken by the absence of one or more members awayin the service of our Country.

Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy . . . theBoard of Trustees, the Faculty, the Students . . . are

all on the job to do their part in filling the urgent de-mand for well-trained physicians at this time of crisis.

To our many friends everyewhere . . . wherever youmay be . . . we send a hearty greeting .. MERRY'

MERRY CHRISTMAS and a HAPPY EVENTFULNE /W YEAI R!


Paralysis

(Continued)Muscle Re-Education. - The

Kenny method of muscle re-edu-cation is based on the symptomsand concept of the disease pre-viously described.

First, it assumed that nervecells are not permanently or com-pletely destroyed until failure ofthe muscles supplied by thosecells, to respond to treatment, in-dicates that destruction has oc-curred.

Second, in addition to anteriorhorn cell destruction the lack offunction is considered to be alsothe result of loss of connectionwith the central nervous systemeither through "mental aliena-tion" by which the impulse issuppressed, or through incoordina-tion by which the impulse is di-verted to other channels, or both.

The purpose of re-education isto restore connection of the partwith the central nervous system(to restore "mental awareness").Muscle strength is not a primary



NeuralgiaNeuralgia is one of the most

common of diagnoses. It satisfiesthe patient even though it doesnot satisfy the physician whomakes it. Neuralgia, or pain inthe nerve, is a symptom, withsome definite soft tissue changesboth in the cell body of the nervecell and the tissue innervated.All neurgalias are due to some-thing, and a diagnosis of neu-ralgia without the etiologicalfactor determined is no diago-sis.

The existence of pain naturallyconcentrates our attention on thesensory aspect of nerve tissue andalmost entirely upon cerebro-spinal and certain cranial nerves.The fibers associated with thevegetative nervous system areusually forgotten since they conl-tain no pain fibers, however cap-able they may be of partaking ofthe same soft tissue changes, thesame functional perversion, thesame reflex arc disturbances thataqre nrp.Pnt in) th. nrv. itc..lf

Every FridaySometimes it seems that we

Still College students do notproperly appreciate (or often at-tend) the assembly programswhich are an every Friday fea-ture for our entertainment andinformation as well as an op-portunity to get together for an-nouncements and for just plainfriendship. Because so many ofus have outside jobs and therest of our spare time is oc-cupied in study (or so we liketo say) there isn't a whole lotof intrascholastic social life. Sohoping to whip up your interestand appreciation of these meet-ings, students, and for your in-formation, alumni and friends,the Log Book will give a shortreport each month on the as-sembly programs. We hope alsoto influence the boys (and cer-tain professors even) who gatherin the corner drugstor each Fri-day at 10:20 a. m. to come alongto the fifth floor with the rest ofthe school.

Friday, November 20Dr. Bachman was responsible

for a very fine program, he hadas the guest speaker the Rev.L. K. Bishop, of the CentralChurch of Christ. In an inspir-ing address Rev. Bishop dealt withthe things we had to be thankfulfor this Thanksgiving and hepointed out to us that despite thewar these things are many. Pre-ceeding his talk Dr. Bachman'scharming and talented daughter,Miss Enid Bachman, played twoharp solos so well that sev-eral encores failed to satisfy herenthusiastic audience. We don'tknow if the harp and theReverend were an intentional


Singleton EssayPrize Contest

As in past years the Under-graduate Essay Contest, sponsor-ed by Dr. R. H. Singleton ofCleveland, will be held in theOsteopathic Colleges. This year aprize of $25.00 is offered forthe best essay submitted by astudent from this college on thesubject, "APPLICATION OFOSTEOPATHIC PRINCIPLES INTHE TREATMENT OF INFAN-TILE PARALYSIS." The win-ner of the contest from DesMoines Still College enters compe-tition with the best from theother colleges, and the best ofthese six essays wins an addi-

awlv: i " i t M t llu l-vu .i.ti.r uional 5z0.uu, to be presented atwhen it is in the state called the 1943 National Convention."neuralgia." The contest is open to students

Etiotogically neuralgia is more in the upper half of their sopho-(Continued on Page 4) more year, juniors and seniors.

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THE LOG BOOK

FRAT NOTES

On Sunday, November 22, DeltaChapter of Phi Sigma Gammawelcomed into its membershipBrothers Allshouse, Clausing, Muc-ci, and Sherwood. Following theinitiation the members had aluncheon at the Silouette.

At the last regular meeting thechapter pledged Bob Allen, HoyEakle, and Eugene Stano. Wewelcome them into the pledgeshipof our fraternity and hope thatwe will be able to help them ontheir road to osteopathic success.

Along with the Christmas sea-son comes memories of the an-nual Phi Sig "Tom and JerryChristmas Party". We have de-cided to combine this with arecord party, so it should proveto be a gala affair to end theschool year before leaving for ourrespective homes for the Christ-mas vacation.

The old chapter house hastaken on a new aspect since ournew house-mother has taken onthe upkeep of the house. Her finecooperation in keeping the housecleaned and making a more home-like atmosphere in the chapterhouse is truly appreciated by allthe members.

H. E. H.

AarLambda Omicron Gamma takes

this opportunity to wish all ourfriends a very Merry Christmasand a Happy New Year.

Our first social event of thissemester will be a dinner Sundaynight, December 13th in honor ofour new pledge, Tobias Shield.With the pledging of Toby, ourpledge group now numbers fourmembers. We are happy to haveRobert Tonkins back with usagain and glad to see him havethe chance to finish his profes-sional training.

Alumnus Dr. Paul Green wasin town for a few days and fromthat healthy look internship andmarriage are definitely agreeingwith him.

Plans are being made for futurebusiness and social meetings ofour chapter.

-A. A.

At the regular meeting of PsiSigma Alpha held at the PhiSigma Gamma fraternity house,November 10, business was thetheme. Following this, we had avery interesting discussion on theinterneship at the Des MoinesGeneral Hospital and interneshipin general.

A dinner, in honor of the menreceiving highest marks duringtheir sophomore and freshmanyears, was held in the Cremonaroom at Younkers on November24th. Those honored for sopho-more high grades were: JimrBooth, Robert Patton, and GeraldDierdorff. Those receiving highfreshman marks were: HerbHarris, Don Young, and LesterRaub.

Following the delicious turkey

dinner, we were honored by aninteresting talk and practicaltechnique demonstrated by Dr.Roberts. Dr. Roberts was af-filiated with the college duringits early years and taught tech-nique at that time. -C. D. S.

nTEThe final initiatory degrees be-

stowed upon our new brothers:L. L. Gaudet, Dr. M. B. Landis,and W. T. More climaxed the so-cial events of the past month.

Dr. and Mrs. Cash, our hostsat their home, brought to an endthe evening's activities with afine "after-initiation" dinnerwhich each of us enjoyed to theutmost. We wish to extend thanksand appreciation to them both forthe fine spirit and good-willshown.

Congratulations have been givento our newest pledge Mr. E.Small, which adds another manto our list of pledges. Theothers being: M. Anderson, H.Beals, "Christy" Christianson, R.Gustafson, R. McCracken, W.Merrill, R. Rasmusson, and J.Woodmansee.

On the evening of November11, the Iota Tau Sigma held theirsemi-annual smoker at WalnutWoods. This party was the firstone of this kind held by themen, in the form of a B.B.Q.it was something novel and dif-ferent to them as well as theguests. Over the metal gratesof an open fireplace, outdoors,the tasty hue and odor of 30 lbs.of B.B.Q.'ed meat could won-derfully be detected. Under thepersonal guidance of BrotherMore, chief cook of the occasion,the rolled meat was further en-hanced by the addition of a tangysauce of his own invention, amidthe sighs and exclamations of theguests.

The freshmen with the excep-tion of one, were present as wellas guests of the brothers and thealumni. The dinner ended withshort talks and greetings to thenew men by the practicingbrothers.

Further social activities willinclude surgical and non-surgicaltechnic demonstrations and enter-tainment of an educational natureto be presented soon.

By special permission, electionof officers shall be held in thelatter part of February, insteadof the usual time.


ATLAS CLUThe Atlas Club continues to

meet at the YMCA and is wellstarted on a new phase of activityboth social and educational. Weare having our regular PracticalWork lectures by prominent phy-sicians as usual and right nowa dinner Sunday, Dec. 13, foractives, pledges and guests isplanned. Wednesday, Dec. 16, isset as the date for initiation oflast semester pledges. Our mostrecently acquired pledges areFred Lowrie and Francis Ayres.The Atlas Club sends its bestChristmas and New Year's wishesto all of its alumni and friends.

-L. R.

for the mere satisfaction of hap-hazard motion of the joint invites

Our Sorority is now proud to disaster.present a new member, Miss Technique of Muscle Rel-Educa-Sarah Jean Gibson, whose initiation.-As soon as joints can betion took place this last month, moved passively through a smallat the apartment of our presi- range without pain or inco-dent, after a lovely "Grace Ran- ordination, indication that spasmsom" dinner. Following the initia- is lessening, muscle re-educationtion a business meeting was held, within that range is started withand now we are planning for a the patient still in bed. At firstChristmas party to keep the spirit this consists largely of maintain-of the season and of Delta Omega ing or developing a "mentalalive and warm. awareness" of the muscles and

M. K., Corr. Sec. their insertions. Later, as spasmdecreases, the more active re-education can be added. In the

Kenny Method presence of incorrect muscleaction such as substitution or in-

(Continued from Page 1) coordination, active motions onconsideration but the re-estab- the part of the patient are pro-lishmen of "Awareness" and the hibited until passive motions canproduction of a normal rythmic be carried out by the technicianmotion, no matter how weak, is with complete relaxation of thethe aim of the treatment. In- patient. Having achieved thiscrease in muscle strength will state, voluntary motions on thefollow. Muscle testing in the part of the patient may be in-form of attempt to determine stituted but such action is alwaysmuscle strength by isolated action under the control and guidanceof individual muscles is avoided of the technician. For this laterbecause of the danger of pro- muscle re-education the patientducing or increasing incoordina- is placed on the treatment tabletion and "alienation" as well as in as normal a position as pos-spasm. sible. This is considered to be the

The neuromuscular system is usual standing position with thehighly specialized. Although each arms at the side, the legs in amuscle has a definite primary straight line with the body, theaction, which is a direct pull upon feet at right angles and theits insertion, it rarely acts alone knees straight. Th patient mustbecause of the integration and be relaxed and cooperative. Re-cooperation of the adjacent mus- education cannot be carried outcles. When a joint is moved in in babies who are crying, or inany specific direction a number children or adults who are fear-of related muscles come into play. ful of pain or other harm There-However, there is usually one fore, re-education cannot be at-muscle which is primarily re- tempted before painful spasm issponsible for any given motion eliminated.and this muscle can be known Before treatment is startedas the primemover of the joint the patient is instructed to liein that particular direction. One quiet without using any musclesmust also remember that for each other than the ones to be treat-motion performed by a muscle ed. His attention must be con-there is an opposite motion per- centrated solely on the motion toformed by an opposing muscle be performed. The technicianand that the effective function of then firmly grasps the part to bea joint depends upon the order- treated and without causing painly regulation of these opposing carries out the intended motionunits by the controlling nervous ssively throug h whatever rangesystem. When a flexor begins to is possible without pain. Thecontract the extensor must simul- technician instructs the patienttaneously elongate in a graduated concerning the part to be movedmanner so that smooth action of by stroking the exact insertion ofthe joint results. The elongating the muscle group to be trained.muscle must retain at all times a With the patient concentratingcertain amount of tonus so as on this point of insertion the mo-to be able to contract immediate- tionl is carried out twice passivelyly and reverse the joint motion. and then the patient is instruct-This harmonious action which ed to attempt to carry out thatallows a smooth, orderly and ef- motion actively. A muscle,fective functioning of muscles is whether paralyzed or "alienated,"well referred to as coordination. which is being trained, must beThe disappearance of a particu- made to contract at least in alar muscle action from the motor mental sense if in no other way;scheme, whether due to direct in- the conscious mind must acceptvolvement of the innervation of this "awareness" of the muscle ifthat muscle by the disease, to in- orderly and coordinated action isdirect involvement by "aliena- to be obtained. If any visibletion," or some other cause, will or palpable motion is accomplish-result in attempts by the ad- ed, the treatment is stopped im-jacent muscles to substitute for mediately in order to leave withthe lost motion with the develop- the patient the memory of thement of incoordination. accompiusnment. It any muscles

In starting muscle training this other than the one to be trainedsubstitution of muscle action come into play, the attemptedmust be completely removed and motion is stopped immediatelyprevented. Every mental and and the unwanted muscles putphysical effort of the patient out of action by instructing themust be guided to the muscle (Continued on Page 3)which is being trained and tothat alone. Allowing and even Buyencouraging a patient in the freechoice and substitution of muscles War Savings Bonds

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THE LOG BOOK



Editor........-....Lester Raub, B. S.

Advisor .............. Dr. J. P. Schwartz


Many Students NeedHelp!

The Student Loan Fund of theAmerican Osteopathic Associationwas set up eleven years ago tohelp worthy students in osteo-

pathic colleges who have exhaust-ed other sources of financial as-sistance.

The annual sale of ChristmasSeals to osteopathic physicians,their patients and friends, whichis now in progress has been theprincipal source of income, al-though there have been othergifts and bequests.

The total receipts to date arenow $37,565.62.

Loans have been made to 140deserving students, both men andwomen.

All available cash is constantlyon loan and applicants for loansare on file awaiting action. Con-tributions are needed to meet theincreasing number of requests forloans.

The Committee requests $1.00for each sheet of 100 seals, buthopes that the average contribu-tion will exceed that amount.

The Student Loan Fund Com-mittee deeply appreciates yourprevious contributions and isagain anticipating your generoussupport this season.

Military AddressCorporal C. B. Bolton (May, 1941)Co. "E", 2nd Platoon,Billings General Hospital,Fort Benjamin Harrison,Indiana M. D. T. S.

BirthsOn Monday, November 30th, the

family of Dr. and Mrs. Neil R.Kitchen was increased by thebirth of David Wayne Kitchen.Best wishes David.

A daughter, Marjorie Anne, wasborn to Dr. and Mrs. Alan R.Becker, Nov. 16. Dr. ArthurBecker of Lake Orion, Mich., isthe proud grandfather.

OSTEOPATHY . . .A Progressive Science

(Continued From Page 1)and the inclusion of the teachingof associated surgical specialtiesin 1906, the Osteopathic clinicswhich had been adequate for thepractical teaching of OsteopathicTherapeutics were found to be in-sufficient for all needs and Osteopathic hospitals were built in as-sociation with Osteopathic teach-ing institutions. Later Osteo-pathic Hospitals, Sanitoria andClinics were established in variousparts of the country not directlyassociated with any Osteopathicteaching institutions.

An organization known as theAssociated Colleges of Osteopathywas developed and, fostered bythe American Osteopathic Associa-tion, through the years has beenof incrasing importance in thedevelopment and co-relation ofthe Osteopathic curriculum. TheBureau of Professional Educa-tion and Colleges was evolved inthe machinery of the AmericanOsteopathic Association and anlan for nn nnlual incrnfiran] n ofOsteopathic colleges materialized.These two organizations, The As-sociated Colleges of Osteopathy(now the American Associationof Osteopathic Colleges) and thebureau of Profession Educationand Colleges of the AmericanOsteopathic Association have hadmuch weight and influence anddirective force in the progress ofOsteopathic education and Osteo-pathic Educational Standards.

In 1938 the entrance pre-requisite for all accredited Osteo-pathic colleges was increased toone full year of college workand in 1940 it was further in-creased to two full years of col-lege work. A number of ourOsteopathic colleges had antici-pated these increased entrancerequirements by several years.

There are now six accreditedOsteopathic colleges with as'-sociated hospitals and clinicsmaintaining the high standardsdetermined by the Bureau ofProfessional Education and Col-leges of the American OsteopathicAssociation.

Legislative recognition of theworth and integrity of Osteo-pathic educational programs inthe various states has kept pacewith the development and prog-ress of Osteopathic educationalstandards, so that today Osteo-pathy, as a system of practice, islegalized in every state and inthe District of Columbia. Na-tional legislative enactmentshave also recognized the value ofOsteopathy as a system of prac-tice by including Osteopathy asa recognized system of practicein various bills and privileges.

This very brief survey of therise of Osteopathic education can-not be otherwise than impressivewhen one considers the small be-ginning and the progress madein the relatively short period offifty years. Osteopathic educa-tion has made as much progressin these first fifty years as hasbeen made by contemporary pro-fessional systems in the past 15C

years. Much honor and respectis due to those leaders in Osteo-pathic education groups who out-lined the policies and directedthe growth of our Osteopathiceducational institutions. Theeducational policy has been de-veloped upon a broad plan andhas been inclusive rather thanexclusive. It has been a liberalpolicy rather than a restrictiveone.

Today, after fifty years, Osteo-pathic educational institutionsstand shoulder to shoulder withmodern contemporary institutions.The colleges are modern, well-equipped and have strong facul-ties, composed of individual teach-ers with high scientific trainingand extended clinical experienceOur Osteopathic hospital will com-pare favorably with the best inthe United States. This broad,inclusive and forward lookingpolicy in Osteopathic educationaugers well for the continuedgrowth and development of thegreat Osteopathic profession.

The science of Osteopathy hasproved to be, as the result offifty years trial in the brightlight of experience, a contribu-tion to the well-being of humanityof great value. Resting notupon our laurels, but rather en-couraged and sustained by theprogress of the past fifty years,the Osteopathic profession withrenewed courage girds itself foreven greater progress in the com-ing fifty years. If we keep thelamp of scientific honesty bright-ly burning and if we keep thespirit of service ever formost,we should continue to grow anddevelop as a useful profession,and thus be enabled to make anincreasingly valuable contribu-tion to our fellowmen.

Des Moines Still College ofOsteopathy takes justifiable pridein its record of forty-four yearscontribution to this great pro-gram of outstanding achievementin scientific education. The con-tinued progress of the college isassured by the fine spirit ofloyalty evident in its strong andactive alumni organization.

-Arthur D. Becker, D.O.,Lake Orion, Mich.

Kenny Method(Continued from Page 2)

patient to do so or by fingerpressure against the muscle. Muchcare is observed to prevent in-coordination, which is shown bythis attempt of the patient tcbring other muscles into playCare is taken, also not to tirethe patient in any way. Treat-ment must be discontinued if thepatient shows evidence of fatigueor is uncooperative for any rea-son. As the patient learns howto move the muscles, more move-ments are given, gradually in-creasing the range and numberof motions, although enough workto tire the muscle is never al-lowed.

If there is no trace of motionin spite of absence of spasm, theproprioceptive reflexes are stimu-lated by placing the muscleslightly on the stretch and thenstimulating the muscle through

the tendon by moving the jointbackward and forward. This pro-cedure is repeated daily or sev-eral times daily even while thepatient is receiving hot foments.Miss Kenny has demonstrated thatfunction of that muscle shouldeventually return if the musclecan be stimulated by this pro-cedure so that the course of thetendon can be followed from itsinsertion to the muscle belly."Loss of tendon" which indicatescomplete loss of muscle tone isan indication of probable perma-nent and complete loss of func-tion.

For a proper understanding andexecution of muscle re-educationby Miss Kenny's technique aknowledge of her classification ofmuscles is necessary.

Group 1. Muscles that con-tract within their normalresting length.

Group 2. Muscles that have tobe removed from theirnormal resting length be-fore a suitable contractioncan occur to perform theirprimary action.

Group 3. Muscle groups withseparate origin and com-mon insertion and multipleaction.

Group 4. Muscle groups withdual origin and dual inser-tion and multiple action.

Group 5. Muscles that stabilizepositions obtained by othermuscle groups.

The first two are the most im-portant groups.

The biceps of the arm and thehamstring muscles of the lowerextremity belong to the firstgroup and the triceps and thequadriceps to the second, and oneexample will show the importanceof this classification. The quadri-ceps, to contract so as to performits normal action, must first bepulled from its normal restingposition by flexion of the knee.Only then can the pull be placedat the insertion of the patellartendon and the knee extended.The performance of this motionis the primary function of thequadriceps muscle. So-called"setting" of the muscle with theknee extended does not have anyplace in the Kenny method.

Muscle re-education, then, de-pends upon the relief of spasm,the teaching of muscle awareness,the combatting of incoordinationand "alienation," and the retrain-ing of nerve pathways back tothe non-functioning muscles.

In the following discussion, afairly complete description of there-education of the neck muscleswill be given, and then the otherareas of the body will be men-tioned as to muscle groups, butno specific discussion will begiven as it is similar to that forthe neck. It is understood thatthe same general procedures arecarried out in each case. ONLYTWO POSITIONS ARE USED,THE SUPINE AND PRONE,AND ALL THE ANTERIORMUSCLES ARE TREATED BE-FORE THE PATIENT IS TURN-ED OVER TO ALLOW THEPOSTERIOR ONES TO BE AT-TENDED.

-Lonnie L. Facto, D.O.(To Be Crontinuedo

~~_~_ _ _ I_ _ _ C _ _ _ _ _ _~~~ _� _ __ II___ _I__ __ I� _ _

N . ev vast ·r "AiI...... .... -.c-.....-

THE LOG BOOK

An Interesting CaseHistory

On August 6, 1942, Mr. W. A.G. came to our clinic for anexamination. His age was 36 andhis occupation that of a travel-ing salesman. The patient camein complaining of a frontal head-ache that was made so intense byany quick motion, such as sneez-ing, coughing, jerking of thehead, or bending over, ;that hehad to use pressure on -his tem-ples to relieve the pain. He saidthat there was some aching in thetemple region almost constantlyand this pain seemed to radiateup over the frontal region. Thepatient first noted the pain inMay, 1942, and as it continuedto increase he went to a phy-sician for a general check up. Thereport at that time was negativein all instances and the patientwas given various sedatives overa .period of time.

On the recommendationi of thisdoctor he had his eyes examinedand was fitted with a pair ofglasses. The patient wore theglasses for one month and notedno relief. He then returned tothe medical doctor again, and wasinformed that there was no ap-parent reason for the severe ach-ing.

He was advised by a friend togo to some physician usingmanipulation therapy. After afew treatments from one withoutany results he went to anotherbut obtained no relief. Throughcontact with a student of StillCollege he decided to come tothe College to see if he couldfind out the cause of his head-aches.

The physical examination ofthe eye, ear, nose and throat,pulmonary, cardiovascular, andgastrointestinal systems werenegative. The respiratory ratewas 24; heart rate 70; and ablood pressure of 122 over 75.All reflexes were negative.

The laboratory examinationshowed a negative urine with theexception of a trace of albumin.The blood examination showed ahemoglobin of 90%, red cells 4,-450,000, white count of 8,000, anda differential count of polys 59%,lymphocytes 30%, large monocytes.11%. The Wassermanr test atIowa City was negative.

The spinal examination showedlesions of the occiput and thefirst two cervical vertebrae, anupper dorsal flexion group, andsome change at the lumbo-sacralarticulation.

A tentative diagnosis of lesionsof the upper cervical and dorsalregions was made.

Treatment. - The patient wastreated in the clinic every otherday. After the third treatmentrelief of the headaches was ob-tained, and patient was advisedto come back to the clinic if theheadaches returned. During thefollowing weeks the interval be-tween treatments increased asthe patient returned only whenthere was some pain or discom-fort in the head. After ninetreatments the patient felt thatthere was no use to continuetreatment as he had no symptomsof headache. However, he was

advised to return in one monthfor a general checkup. This hedid with the report that he hadnot been bothered with headachessince the last treatment.-- George Lewis, Senior Student.


(Continued from Page 1)verbose than neurosis but in gen-eral the causative agents are saidto be the same.

Neuralgia is classified both asto etiology and to locus, as toxicor traumatic neuralgia, or asbrachial or gasserian, neuralgia.

PathologyThe pathology present consists

of changes in the cell bodies andin the tissue innervated. Thereis evidence of toxic or nutritionaldisturbance, diminution of nissl'sgranules, eccentricity of the nuc-leus, chromatolysis, slight edema,and abnormal staining reactiondemonstrating an increased H ionconcentration (i.e. a decrease inp H). These changes are mostlyevidence of intoxication. Oc-casionally red cells are found inand around nerve tissue in areasof neuralgia. The same degreeof trophic disturbance and intoxi-cation is present in the tissue in-nervated by the involved nerveor nerves.

Physiologic PerversionThe perversion of the phy-

siology of the nerve tissue andits area of distirbution is moremarked than the so-called path-ology. The nerve tissue is hyper-irritable. The sensory terminalis stimulated by lesser irritantsthan normally it is and conse-quently an increased number ofimpulses are constantly flowingcentrally. Likewise impulses aretransmitted with greater facility.The synapse is impaired in itsfunction and does not offer thenormal degree of resistance. Im-pulses which normally would bescreened out at the synapse be-come adequate and pass to pro-duce reflex response. Thus thereis a greater efferent dischargeover the trajectory of the nerveand these increased impulses havean at least proportionately in-creased effect on the motor orglandular tissue with the pos-sibility that their effect is dis-proportionately exaggerated. Thishyperirritability of nerve tissueand the radiation to reflex arcefferent limbs with which thetissue would be normally unas-sociated accounts for the nutri-tional, toxic and vasomotor per-versions present in neuralgia.

The tissue supplied show evi-dence of this physiological per-version. Vasomotor crises areprecipitated with greater ease.Muscle tissue is maintained in ahyperirritable condition and hy-pertonicity is present. The mus-cle tends to undergo contracturewith slight irritation, with whatwould normally be insignificanttrauma or with sudden stretching.The skin over such areas showslowered resistance to infectionand consequently pimples, boilsand contact dermatitis developwith understandable frequency.The skin may be hyperkeratoticand the hair is usually coarse anddry.

The physiologic perversion is a

natural invitation to pathologicchange, a 'locus minoris re-sistentiae." True neuritis is proneto develop.

DiagnosisThe diagnosis is made upon

finding tne following mildchanges evident. The presence ofpain and its recurrence in thesame area is seen. The pain isworse at night, when blood pres-sure is lowered and when jointmotion and muscle action aregreatly diminished. Weatherchanges, humidity, etc., constipa-tion and any decrease in theelimination rate by the variousexcretory avenues intensify thepain. Toxemia due to any causemagnifies the discomfort.

'TreatmentSince all these changes are

present in the lesion area neu-ralgia is amenable to manipula-tive treatment. The ordinarymedical treatment descriptionwould mean, the reviewing of allthose used in neurosis and theaddition of a further list of equallength whose combined effective-ness does not merit the space re-quired to list them. One lookat the tissue changes suggests theproper and obvious manipulativetreatment.

In the next paper we will con-cern ourselves with the moreserious involvement of nervesand their related tissues classi-fied as neuritis.

Byron E. Laycock.

Every Friday


combination but they certainlywent well together.

Friday, November 27,Thanksgiving Vacation

Friday, December 4Dr. Schwartz, the Still College

prexie, prevailed upon the Navyto show us a couple of motionpictures dealing with the war.Chief Petty Officer Oliver, U.S.N.,presented these two pictureswhich were extremely interest-ing and instructive. The firstfilm was "Target for Tonight,"it depicted the vast amount ofplanning and information neededto prepare for a successful R.A.F.raid over Germany. Actual scenesfrom the raid were also included.Then in technicolor we saw theofficial movies of the grim"Battle of Midway," showing thedestruction wrought by the Japsat the island and the high pricethey paid for what small successthey had.

Friday, December 11Dr. Landis, in charge of this

week's program, secured for usan excellent singer and piano ac-companist. Both young ladieswere Drake students and theirmusic was greatly appreciated bythe students and faculty. Thespeaker at the assembly was Mr.Carlson from the Iowa StateHealth Department who inform-ed us of certain state laws gov-erning general practice, pro-cedures in signing death certi-ficates, etc. After his speech hedistributed booklets which wentinto the subject in greater detail.

Christmas Tree

In the clinic waiting roomstands a large and beautifullydecorated Christmas tree, furnish-ed by the school. It will remainthere to bring Christmas cheer toour patients until Friday, Decem-ber 18, when it will grace theauditorium at the Christmas as-sembly.

Special AcademicFeatures at Still College

Red CrossFirst Aid Classes

The Senior A and B classeshave just completed the advancedRed Cross First Aid course of tenhours having previously passedthe twenty hour Standard course.Their instructor in the traininghas been Dr. Beryl Freeman, oneof the outstanding Red Cross in-structors of Des Moines amongOsteopathic Physicians. Shortlyafter New Years an instructorwill be sent from the Red Crossoffice in! St. Louis to teach thesestudents the fifteen hour Instruc-tors' Course. Those who qualifyin this final phase of first aidtraining will possess the Standard,Advanced, and Instructor's RedCross Certificates and will be en-titled to teach Junior, Standardand Advanced Courses to laymen.This is another of the many waysin which Still College is con-tributing to the war effort.

Program at Polk CountyOsteopathic Association Meeting

On Friday night, December 11,the College presented a technicalprogram at the Polk County Osteo-pathic Association meeting heldat the Kirkwood Hotel. A din-ner and a business meeting werefollowed by lectures given byfaculty members. Dr. Owen'ssubject was "Tropical Diseases,"Dr. Facto talked about the"Pathology of Pneumonia," andDr. Laycock's address dealt withthe "Pathology of Bronchiectasis."All of these lectures were il-lustrated with kodachrome slides.

Gynecological TechniqueOn December 3 the Gynecology

Class was shown several reels ofmotion pictures demonstratingseveral types of gynecologicaltreatment that can be made apart of office procedure.

BirthsDr. and Mrs. C. R. Barry an-

nounce the arrival of Kay Diane,October 24. Her father writesthat they like her so well the3have decided to keep her!

We have the pleasure of an-nouncing another baby girl, bornNovember 30, 1942. She is Bar-bara Dianne, the daughter of Dr.and Mrs. C. W. Ball.

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DMSCO Log Book Vol.20 1942