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The DMC Direct Reception:The DMC Direct Reception:
Intro and ApplicationsIntro and Applications
July 2013July 2013
DMCii and SSTL Company OrganisationDMCii and SSTL Company Organisation
� SSTL– Established in 1985, now 600+ staff– 45+ satellites built & launched– Currently in production: 9 satellites + 17 payloads
� DMCii– Wholly owned subsidiary of SSTL– Established 2003, now 30+ staff– Programmed Imagery Services– Direct Reception– Managed Satellite Imaging services– DMC satellite constellation coordination: 4 satellites– Value-added analysis– International Disaster Charter activities
UK-DMC2 satellite
Ground Station Requirements
• X-band antenna (not S-band!)
• Frequency: 8200 Mhz
• Modulation: QPSK - FEC (Viterbi r=1/2, k=7)
• Bitrate: 80Mnps
• Differential code (if any):
• Polarization: LHCP
• Antenna size (from 1.5m, the bigger the better)
A test downlink can be agreed between DMCii/SSTL and customer
Direct reception for South Africa
• Weekly coverage of the whole country possible!
• 22 passes per month over SA, more available for other countries
• Data subscription service
• 100min download minutes per month to use
• 48 national coverages in one year, to support agriculture sector
• Near-real-time acquisitions
Ground station upgrade
• Only software necessary to receive and decode UK-DMC2 data
• SSTL provides Smart-I software to produce L0R product
• Further processing software available on demand to produce orthorectified products and catalogue the acquisitions
The unique advantages of the 22m The unique advantages of the 22m wide swath Imagery wide swath Imagery
LANDSAT 185 x 185 km Images – 2-year mosaic
-26 scenes from different months/seasons
- Hard to apply consistent classification method
- Near real-time precision agriculture difficult
- Multitemporal coverage often unavailable for a given growing
season
TimelinessTimeliness
DMC 640 x 750 km Image
– single image from UK-DMC
- Most of England captured within 1 minute
- Ideal for consistent classification approach
- Near real-time precision agriculture fully supported
- Reliable multi-temporal coverage per season
- Many fewer images to process than Landsat
Rapid Coverage of Large AreasRapid Coverage of Large Areas
Available datasets of South Africa
South Africa 2011 South Africa 2013
South Africa 2012
UKUK--DMC2 image, 2012DMC2 image, 2012
Image sizeImage size
Swath: 650km
Along track: 1600km
Image sizeImage size
Single acquisition
Swath: 440km (out of 650km)
Along track: 1000km
Applications:Applications:Land use / Crop classificationLand use / Crop classification
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
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Aug
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Oct
Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
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Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
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Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
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Aug
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Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
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Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
Feb
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Apr
May
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Reliable multitemporal coverageReliable multitemporal coverage
USA Multitemporal Monitoring 2011USA Multitemporal Monitoring 2011 --1313
• For USDA Crop Monitoring
• Satellites used: 2 satellites (2nd generation - 22m)
• Complete coverage of 48 States every 15-days
• 12 coverages April–October (avg. 91% cloud-free)
• 150 Million km2 of cloud-free imagery delivered
Image courtesy of Astrium / Deimos Imaging
~ 9 billion pixels!
Crop Classification: e.g. USACrop Classification: e.g. USA
Image Courtesy of USDA
Temporal Coverage Temporal Coverage -- 20112011
• Maximum coverage 36 times
• 100% - covered 12 times• 45% - covered 20 -23 times
USDA Crop Classification Results: USDA Crop Classification Results: North Carolina ExampleNorth Carolina Example
Landsat & DMC Landsat Only DMC Only
Producer User
ALL CROPS
81.7%
Corn 94.3% 92.1%
Cotton 96.3% 94.4%
Soybeans 84.7% 84.0%
WW/Soy 93.9% 87.9%
Pasture 66.5% 68.1%
Peanuts 87.1% 92.8%
Producer User
ALL CROPS
69.0%
Corn 83.3% 81.9%
Cotton 91.0% 85.3%
Soybeans 62.9% 71.1%
WW/Soy 79.9% 82.0%
Pasture 58.5% 44.0%
Peanuts 71.4% 90.0%
Producer User
ALL CROPS
81.6%
Corn 94.6% 92.1%
Cotton 95.9% 94.4%
Soybeans 84.3% 83.3%
WW/Soy 93.8% 87.7%
Pasture 67.2% 68.9%
Peanuts 82.1% 91.0%
118 bands 73 bands 66 bands
Statistics courtesy of USDAStatistics courtesy of USDA
Applications:Applications:Precision Agriculture and Water Precision Agriculture and Water
ManagementManagement
The Imagery Acquisition Challenge for The Imagery Acquisition Challenge for Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture
• Highly demanding application for remote sensing:– Very large areas to be covered for operational services
– Multitemporal coverage needed
– Timeliness is vital (cloud-free data at specific growth stages)
– High enough resolution to map within-field variability
– Rapid processing & delivery (for NRT services)
– Must be low cost per hectare
• DMC constellation matches these demands well
– Wide swath sensors, 22m resolution, multiple satellites
• DMC imagery used for Precision Ag in:
– UK, France, Netherlands, Lithuania, Ukraine, USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Russia, Bulgaria, South Africa, Japan
30
• GEOSYS has used DMC data since 2005 for
Precision Farming Service in UK
• DMC data selected for its exclusive capacity to
provide almost daily coverage of large areas
• FarmSat™ application maps delivered through
SOYL less than 3 days after DMC image acquisition
• High frequency of acquisitions on an area of more
than 125,000 km²
� January to May : over 30 full coverages of
most of UK, from England to Scotland
� Means 7-12 cloud-free coverages per field
� >3.6 million acres of variable rate Nitrogen
application maps delivered in 2012
UK coverage: a successful and growing serviceUK coverage: a successful and growing service
FarmSat (UK + France)FarmSat (UK + France)
• Weekly updates using multiple data sources incl. DMC• 10 quantitative parameters• All crop types
Fieldlook
•• YieldYield
•• MineralsMinerals
•• GrowthGrowth
• Moisture
• biomass production (kg/ha) • CO2 intake (kg/ha) • leaf area index LAI (m2 leaf/m2 ground) • vegetation index NDVI
• evaporation shortage (mm/week) • current evaporation (mm/week) • surplus rain (mm/2 weeks) • reference evaporation
• Nitrogen content in the top leaf layer (kg/ha) • Nitrogen content in all leafs (kg/ha)
• Potatoes, Wheat, Maize, Sugar beet• Dry matter content• Sugar Yield• Protein content
Weekly updates on:•Water requirements
•Biomass production
•Water consumption•Ground water abstraction
Regional and Field-Specific Intelligence
Irrigation recommendations:
• When to irrigate
• Where (variable rate or flat rate) • How much
Applications:Applications:Tropical Forest Monitoring Tropical Forest Monitoring ––
Deforestation (REDD+)Deforestation (REDD+)
Amazon monitoring 2005 for INPEAmazon monitoring 2005 for INPE
2005
Image Courtesy of INPE, BrazilImage Courtesy of INPE, Brazil
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Landsat, 1986Landsat, 1986UKUK--DMC2 image, 2010DMC2 image, 2010
UK-DMC2 reception for INPE (Brazil)
• Acquisitions in near-real-time and download directly to the ground station in Cuiaba
• Much more data available per month
• Imagery available for free for the public
• Upgrade for INPE from 250m MODIS pixel to 22m DMC
Applications:Applications:Disaster ResponseDisaster Response
Disaster responseDisaster response
• Coordinated disaster response by many of the world’s space agencies and data providers
• DMCii and UKSA provide UK contribution
• 40-50 Charter activations per year
• 100 -200 DMC images per year delivered rapidly
• DMCii also provides on call duty officers and training
Pakistan flooding 2010
UKUK--DMC2, DMC2, 1616thth August August
20102010
UKUK--DMC2, DMC2, 66thth October October
20102010
