Beitriige zur Hallstattzeit am Randeder Siidostalpen

Akten des 2. Internationalen Symposiums am 10. und 11. Juni 2010

in Wildon (Steiermark/Osterreich)

Herausgegeben von

Christoph Gutjahr und Georg Tiefengraber

vunVerlag Marie Leidorf GmbH ' Rahden/Westf.

20t5

INTERNATIONALE ARCHAOLOGIEKrbeifsgcmeinschalf . Symposium,

Tagung, Kongress

tsand 19

Begriindet vonClaus Dobiat und Klaus Leidorf

Herausgegeben vonClaus Dobiat, Friederike Fless

und Eva Stauch

Zugleich

Hengist-Studien

Band 3

Inhaltsverzeichnis

\ ^-,.^". ................................... /

Andri jana Pl-rvtourt (.tran:lated by S aba ksaladdin)Hillfort iolaci above Donji Vakuf in central Bosnia - nerv tesearch and new findingsin the central Bosnian cultural group through the qpologl'of ceramic Potterl ........... . .......... ..9-28

Daria LozNJ,\K DtzD|\R (tran dted b-)' .laryin Mtap.rt)Slatina/Berezine - Eadv Iron Age graves in Central Podrz\'rna ........................ ....2943

N{arko Dtzo,rnLate Hallstatt Female Grave from Belii6e . A Group of Late Hallstatt Findsin the Lorver Dra

Biba TLRZAN, Nlatrja Cnl,SN-ln, Branko l{uSlcFladv Iron Age barrows in the eycs of complementatt, archaeological tesearch.

Case study of Poitela near N'Iaribor (?odrar.je, Slovenia) ......... 61 82

Boris Il{\''unA look through a sLighdy open windou'. Absolute datrng of the Eady Iron Age

r\ndrej Pnnlozxtt<Archers from Libna: finds, data and interPretations ................... ................. . 95 106

Dragan BoztcDie Situla von Vade gehcirte einem Doppelkammhclmtrdger ... . ........... . .... 107-116

Dragan BozrcZu dem von Jernej Pednik imJahre 1889 bei Vade entdeckten Gtab mit Doppelkammhelm .....117-133

Dragan BoZtiZur Hetkunlt und Datietung eines singuliiren Tiidlenbeiles aus der Sammlung X{agajna ......... .. 135 149

Dragan Bozri and Ana M.q.ruc

Tu,'o-part late Cettosa fibulae v'ith aniron or Bronze spring and Pi........-............................. ... 151-160

Desiree EBNER BAURDas hallstattzeitliche Gribedeld von Frdg Rosegl.Die Grabungen des Bundesdenkmalamtes von 1962 bis 1969. Ein erster Uberblick .. ............. 1(r1 171

Christoph GullAHRDas Grab 3 aus dem spitbtonze- und frifihallstattzeidichen Griberfeld vonKainach bei !7ildon, Gem. STeitendor{ Steietmatk

Margret KRAMERDas Gtdberfeld bei der Hauptschule in $Tildon

Margret Klavnn und Andrea Cs.tpr-{nosErste Ergebnisse det Gtabungen im I(armeliterhof am FuBe des Grazer Schlossberges ...........

Georg und Susanne T1EFENGRABER

Zum Stand der Erforschung hallstattzeirltcher ,,ZentoJsiedlungen" in det Obersteiermark ......

173-194

1.95J09

211-215

zt t-zt J

Late Flallstatt Female Grave from Beli56e.A Group of Late Hallstatt Finds in the Lower Drava Valley

Illflio L)tzD.\R

f , H.ti',. \ltrnt p. ( ".l,ct ',rr c,,"r.rin..r { L-r,'-. r'.r rll'u1. ,, t.r,..b,," r,,n.rluL i,,. ',rI npe \1 llh. ,r brrcclcr .rn.l r fir'reerrir.rg, all maclc of bronze (Irig. 1). Tlrc hncls \\'ere c()llccrc(l lt

thc Zruajci sjtc lirllosinc the 1992 erploitation oisrnd. ln acldition ro thesc tlncls, hurr:rn Lronestt'ctc also mcntionecl.l The site is situafctl at the \\'estcrn cnd oi thc trsrr oi Bcliiic. nclr trrcJirlliica river. sevclai hunclrecl n.tcttcs clon'nstrean from thc Drala r-ilcr.'lhis is e slnclt- cler etiorrrisint rbote the surrounding los.lancls (Fig. 2). Tcst c\celatiolrs crtiecl out in thc autumn ()f 2()08c1ic1 not rclcal anl l-atc Hallstrtt tincls, but led to a r'liscor-cn oits<r l-etc Bronze '\gr crcmatienburials encl an car-h'mccliecr-al cremation ccmctcn.l

Ir is supposecl that the ilncls conr front a dcstror ecl iemele gralc tlom thc cnd of 5,1,rnclbcginning of .1'l' cent. B(- rttributeblc to rhc south Pannoniln l,atc Hallsttt group lhiclr lasdisttibr-rtccl Lctri'ecn Llkc llllaton and thc Sar-a rir-er-ancl chtlctcrizccl bl smellcr ccmctcrics s'itli lprccloninanth inhur.natior.r bur ial.l Thc closcst lnalogies halc bccn clocr,Lmrntccl in ()sijclir ancl onthe northcl-r siclc oi thc Dtar-a r-itcL et thc conternlrolrlltcous cctr.retef\ ir-r Szcntlijtinc..

_-

-t -

!-

I- 1t, l: I-tndt fun tfu.leato/e ,1n.trc h l)e/i. 'e.

Fibula

The cmcial itcrl tirr thc clating oi the lleliiic itncls is thc bronzc Certose trbuh oi crossbol con-strLlctiorl oi ti-pc \IIIh aftcr B. TI,tRl.\\.r, Thc trbula has e lcrf shrpecl bow oi sftrp shrpccl cross-sc'ction s'ith thrcc trnns\ crsc g1-ooles on thc tirot ancl a scr-ics of sl-rallov glootcs at thc encl 9f the be'.r,elong s'hosc cclgc t-rrn nnother nrrr krngituclinal sha1lo\ gloorcs. \cal thc cnil of thc tir6t thcrc is 11

small Lnob on a long necl'. Thc rcctangular crossbos' c()nstrlrction oi the ibula consists of thrcc spiralco s, of \hicli the t\o LrNeloucs t,,rlrl prtr,'f .r 'rp.Lr rfc rL-cf, n{ular constrLrcti()n thetis artechccl \itlt

S.\i. \lrr 200lI l)llL) \R l-r)l\l \L./l)lll) \R 201)9. Thc rcsearch \ rs cerriccl out rn thc tlnmc ol-thr scif]ltiic pratcct ,,lh.l,ltx.lt n,l,/rl)i/i/) ,l ltrtul,;.trii. trrxtrxn titt t )t tt)it/il0t/ttl ( t utt,t '(l(),- 1rl{)635 (1111).

'(;L!rr\/'Tr-nl\\ 19,-6;Tr.Rr\\ 19ll; \'\sr. l98l; \.\\tc l9l.il; \l\J\\t ('I)\\t)ll(.loili-sr,\tr 1961.

'Jr.Rr,\r 1()63.I 'l r R,/ \\ 19.6, 138, l:ig. i. I ]q. i(1.

.+5

Fig 2: Lncation af the ZagEci site near Be/iile.

its lateral ends to the ends of the upper spiral. A part of the loop from whch probably pefldanrswere suspended is ptesewed on one side of the lower spiral construction (Fig. 3, Fig. 6,1). Drm:length:4.8 cm, width of bow: 0.9 cm; width of spral 4.0 cm.

The closest ana.logy for the fibula from Belii6e has been documented in inhumation gtave 51 rnOsijek, which yielded a bronze fibula of qpe XIIIh, whose spiral has not been presewed fig. f .

Othet documented finds from the grave include an iron spear, a bronze hoop, a segment of anasttagal belt and a glass bead7, suggesting that this is probably not a secure gtave assemblage, eventhough it cannot be completely excluded that the finds come from a double burial. The Osijekcemetery yrelded also other Late Hallstatt finds that point to the begnning of burial at thisrenowned Eady and tr4iddle La Tdne cemetery of the Scordisci already during the 5* cent. BC,where the question of the continuity of budal tnto Late La Tdne must remain open, pdmarily dueto the lack of closed burial contexts.

The analogies for the fibula from Belii6e have been documented at the Szend6rinc cemeteryJwhere many female graves with qpe XIIIh Certosa fibulae were found: double gtave 3, grave 15 as

well as graves 24, 27 and 348. Brorze fibulae of q,pe XIIIh have been recorded also in the sites inSyrmia, such as Sotine, Stijemska Mitrovica, the bank of the Danube rivet near Zemunl0 or in the

7 SP^Jra 1962, 50, T. XXVI, 45 46.3 JERIN{ 1968, Fig. 19,3/1-2, Fig.21,15/1-2,F8 22,24/1,Ftg. 23,27 /1, Ft+.24,34/3-6.!] Ir-Krc 1999,T. XIX, 9 10.10 ToDORoVrc 1971, T. 41, 3, 5; VASrc 1977,28,P1.51, 6, 10; VASrc 1,999,T.51,861 862.

46

iemale.gt.ar-c lt-on.r Inclijalr; turthcr, in Nhat Nas probablr' a clestror ccl gtere tionl thc site "f\o6aj1:l *-hile scr-eral inclir-icluel frncls arc knos-n thm thc t]eithbourhoorl of Poirro-ncrr, alscr

plobabh from clcstroLcd .qrar-cs.' Bronze trbulae of iYpc' Xll lh a.-e linoNn also tr-cx-l-t thc sites jn 1t()rthctll Rosnia, fl-otr.t thc scttle

ment ancl ccmetel\'irrb,,nia Dolina, sherc thei'appeat ir.t tctlelc ur-ar-cs (cg gti.t l? ttotl -tht:

plrt oi hncl bcion-qing to ll. Pctror ii Jt. or grar e 4 from the plot of lancl oNnccl b! N Sohi6lr)''Crar.es

50 and 12i in Sanski ]Iosr each vielclcd ts'o ilbulac of tr-pc Xlllh ri-ith a triplc cr()ssbo\\-

c.)nstrLrcti()n rncl trapczoiclal pendnnts s,ith punchcd clecot:tlion. I -' At tlrc (-araLor-o ccmetcfl', :r

xlllh tvpc ilbula \a.s tiruncl in Inelc \-arrior qfale i.!.,Another ltbula is Lntl\n tirm thc sitc,,iil".,,"rir.,.' Bronzc (-ertosn trbulee oi n pc XIIIh s'ere founcl also rt thc sites in thc northcrn prrts

of thc (,arpathian Blsin, \'hcrc thcl' are llkcLi to be founcl in larQc numbcts, Particulerlr in thc

cemctcries icn'ecn rhe castern slopcs.ithc A$s ancl thc Da.ube. In adcliti'n t. \'clcnszcnn-icl1s,

n'. fib'lae oi n pe XIIIh rve.-e firuncl in icu]ale iniiumetion Ur-n'c f i af the Bui,itn\- ccnletcr\-Lr'

u'hile ancither one was clocuuentcd xt tlrc sitc ()f I\oii1t\':'Teking the clistribution of tr.pc xlllh Certosa trbulae into consiclcration (Ilap), thei'\l'cfe Pfc-

s.,mablv madc in the Parlnoniln \\"oflishops, but also those in northctn llosnir' Locei Pro('lucti()n

of Ccrtosa fibulac oi thc tvpc XIli is cot-toborarccl also br the flnrls oi nioulcls f(rm SiselilL rnrl

I\:rrabur-marr. (,et-tosl flbr-rlle Of tr.pc xlll Nith numerous r ar-iants rppelr ln the l,oNcr Carniol.r

ur'rqr cl'ring fhc *runeer- phase ,,i ih. (1.r,,,r" ilbule hodzon. cndrtrins thr.r-Lgh the ,11cr phasc "iih" N"g,,.,^ h.,rirn,r ,,,.r tt,. becin.inc of ,1,1,cc.t. RC.l f i'pc XIII (-crtosa fibuLae rrc che.ctctizr:rl

l,r," ct,rsslro*, c()nstruction, ii hich appcars on othcf tipes .f fibulac in the scir.rthclstcrn ,\lpt'car-ce tt'orr rhe lrtc 6th ccnt. B(-:1, l hile on (-ertose ibulae it appeal-s stlrting \\'ith rhc miil 5'f cenr'

LlC.ti Another iljstinctir e fcature of tvpc xlIJ fiirulac is thc tectanguhr tirtm of rhc bo\' of thc

splral coil, \.hosc lppeafancc on fibulae is ckrcurlented in the sccond haLi oi the 5'l' ccnt. ancl in rhc

4iL ccr.rt. BC.r. 'ltrc fibuta irorn lJeliiie probal,lr- hacl pcncl'.rnts ett.rchccl to the Lol-cr s;rirel, li,r'

\1.ich coniparisons cln be founcl at the Szcntliilinc cclrlctefl', \'her-c the Ccttosr ltbulae oi ttpc

\1II in \'ario,.rs r ariants but lLsO othcr irrlms (e.U. fibulec Nith a cLrLm sh'.tpecl bori ) hl\e lot4rs

to \,l.ich penclants \\,cre tttached.l- -l'rapczoiclal penclar]ts ttcLe rlocunenfccl also rln ttbuhe fi-om

Donia Dolinars, of at lcast loops or.r thc lo\,cr spiral of fibulac point tc.' thcir Prcscncc. Thcr s'cte

aLso clocutnclrtccl in Sanski IIost.l'lBronzc (,ertosa trbulee of npc Xlilh, blserl on thcir ccimbinatjons in grl\es in Srnski \It,sr

o'ith local imitrtjor.rs of i,a | I-aidnc fibulac *,ith clrum-shapcd borvs (grar-c 50)' \'ctc clated to thc

[.iiclc]lc encl the sccor.rcl half of tl.re 4'h cent. BC. r\t thc Szentliirinc ccmetct\- thesc tlbrLhc \'ere

docutncntecl in gra|cs that lre cor-rsiclcrccl earlier than thc c{lnl.i\ts Nith Elrh'T-a'l'enc tol-nrs of

frbr,rLle. brisecl on l'hich thcl are date.l to the 4'l' cent. Ll(- j )

Lr \' \sr(' L9tr, l . 50. 841.'\'\srar 1999, T. .0. 85'1.

,,\'\sr(. 19r().T.40,8.8'\-(lr Sr()ll(.20(O.59 60,T. l, 12-11, 1irr TrL Hr.r-l.\ 190.1. J;ig. '16 4r. T. X\\\'1I1.22, T. \l-lII' I' T \l-I\" 20 21. T l-XI\' 9 15.'1 1-\\\l' I ll

.lr\1..\ 1899, ll. I'ig.52,9-, l:ig 1l2rTrrRl.\\ 19i(r'lrig 50'2 3

L, (lr)\ L('1956. 1lJ8.T. l, 11.

: 1:r \r.\ 1891. 1.1'1. I ig.-+2.ri \ o\ llrsr.r. 19{)ll. T. \xxlX. 29.

" ll(t\ \i/R( )\r: \L l'lt 198i, 2l+, T l l,'+; No\'or\ i l(lil1. 9'1-95. 1 22' 269

r,'N()\ ()l\ \ 21)0L,9.1 95, T. ]2,268.I Ll \r.t,\-l-t,_rr \tat, 1001.rr V r:rrl 1999, 101, T. 50. 3r0rrTr,Rr \\ 19-:'6,391 39i; DrI\R21)01. 136. L4'+

rr (lL sfl\/ lltR7 \\ 1916. 1 89.

riTr,RZ\\ 1916.3i1; (ll -\'f1\/'l LRI\\ 1916. 19i)

r. C;r i'lr\/l l,R2\\ Lt-,-6, 190.

I .lr.Rr,\r 1968. lig. 19,2,r2, trig. 22.21 22i1',1'tg 26,11i1riTRLHr,r.r-\ 190.1. 1. \LIll.I,T ] I\,9, 1a. 1.\\\Xl,8.r) 1 r \r. \ 1899, Irjg. 52, lrig. 132.I Tr.Ri \\ 1916, l8(1.

4-:

.18

I

',.,).'

N

MaP: Sites oJ Certosaf bakt af 1'pe XIIIb'

Basecl on the finds ftom the cemeteries in Szentl6rinc (in grave 15 $''rth iron crossbow fibulae

ancl those rvith a back-bent i.:lc;t' tcl"pitJ Uy the fact that ihef were not associated rvith Ear\ T-a

ii""'qe.r'"i nullla.; ,,,d i"^sut-ttri i'lott (gra-te 1'2t with an Eastern Alpine zoomorphic fibula;

qra'e 50 rvith imitatrons ot tro.,io. with a Jrum shaped bow), certosa fiburae of qpe XrIIh are

dated to the last third of the 5s cent' and the first quarter of the 4'h cent BC ' rvhich would

correspond to the older pr1^t {]f if-tt'N "got'o

ho'i""]' i e thev are characteristic for a horizon

marked by Eastern Alptne 'uo-otfntt !1:J"ta. t1*- iron fii'ulae with a back-bent foot and

fibulae with a drum shaped u"*ll iyp" XIIIh irbulae rvere Partly contemPora+ - 31UaU.f 1----------------tle

end of the 5,h cent. BC. - -itt-, tlpe {riIc fibulae, which ovedap with the mentioned later torms, as

borne out by the Szentio'nt ;5 vi;k-'ti tt-ttttitt They presumably ceased to be worn from

the end of the first quarter .f tf* +* tt"t BC' when the'v are increasingly supplemented by Ear\'

La Tdne npes and late -'ariants of hinged fibulae'

Fingerring

ThegravefromBeLis6econtalnedalsoabronzepenannularfingerringwitlcoverlappingStfaPends,with a round plaque decorated with a punched concentflc .tt.t. 6[.4; Fig. 6,3). Diameter: 1 8

cm; diameter of piaque: 1 5 cm; width: 0 3 cm'

11 TLRZAN 1976,380, Fig.50-51'

49

-TF

ttiq l. lirytnirg

Fingerrings fravc bcen founcl in Late Hallstatt fem e gravcs in soutlrcrn Pannonian lrea ancltogcther vith carrings thel bear tcstimonl to a charactedstjc Late llailstatt jerr".ellerl set. A sih-crfingerrint l-ith or.erhpping ar.rd flrt be.rtcn cnds Llec()ratcd \\-rth conccntdc circles rvas founcl in thegrale fron.r \rcljliar:, rvhile a bronze strap fingerring l'as founcl in fen.ralc grar-e 10 at the plot oi S.

Jakiri6 in Donja clolir.rai. Coo-al u'itl.r thosc ere silver fingerrings bcaring rich filigree and gtanulation dccoration, as testified for instancc b-r'nr.o silr-cr finrerrir.rgs from Nikinci, l.ith rhomboiclplaclucs clecorated \\'ith a rosette motiF+ or three silr.er ingerrin'4s tinrl thc Curuq h, r.rrtJ \rlth ovalplaqucs (lccorated rvidr triangles and circles, rvhich are considcrccl a reflection of thc southeminfluencesl5. Finds of clecorated fingcrrings madc of precious mctals in southern Llalkans, as ri-ell ast.incls of eanings ancl beads trom Slijen.rska \Iitrolica, l}clr,rt or Osijck are c()nncctecl wirh roflucnces from thc Balhans, l'hcrc fiom the end of the (rd, ccnt. RC gold ancl sih-er cibjccts becomcincreasingll numerolLS s'ith thc appearancc of rich princclr- graves.16 TaHnc into consiclerarion thetipological fcatures, as rvcll as the numbcr of cliscor-crccl precious n-ietal finds, the iclel l,as purfonvard abor,rt the existcncc of local Svrnian rvork shops actir-c in the seconcl helf of the 1.,mille nnium BC.r"

Bracelet

Late Flallstatt temalc grar-es frequenth- contlined bronze or sih.cr bracelets. From the Bcli!ie gravea bronze lire penannular bracclct has remained presen-etl, on l'hose onc encl thcrc is an qr.alrvidcning rvith a hole usecl frrr iistcning the othcr encl, *.hich cncls *.ith a poir.rt (Fig. 5, Fig. 6,2).l)iameter: (r.7x6.4 cm; u'idth: tl.3 cm.

A similar- penannulzrr bracelet is knorvn from Bcrcmenclls, but sih.er nr.istccl bracelcts orc'.urings, likc\\.ise considcrccl as recognizablc southern Pannonian jel'cucn ior-ms, arc fbund in iar.larger numbcr of grar-esrr.

rr l)rlr) \rr/PoTnr,Br(j \ 21102, 113, T. 2, E-r. TRL HIir.K \ 19(1,1, T. l_l\', 18.rr \'\sr. 2005, f)8, I:is.21 22.r'\r,\src 1995, 8.1,8i, tiig. 1, 3.16 \'.\slc 1995, 83; \'\sr(: 2i)01, 23 21.r- \/^src 2001,25; \r,\sr.2005, ?2.is JriRrrrr 1911,81,.\bb.8, ll.i').J( )\.\No\ rc 19r.1.

50

I-ig 5: Ilranlet

'faking thc coLlccted fir.rds fron'r Beliiie into consideration, abor.e all the bronze Certosa tlbulaof tr,pe XIIIh, thcsc vcre probablv grave goods fiom an inhumaticin burial of a rvoman fron theend oi the 5d' ancl thc bcginning of the 4'h cent. BC, rvhich can bc connected s'ith a group oirelated sites clistributcd bcnveen Lake Balaton and the Sar.a rivcr, determined as the South Pannorirn Lle HalJ.r,rrr grouprt. rht 5irmian grouo l olhe iurug phrscr-. I' .rcrt: lh.lt rh( fr,,l,'.eJnamcs arc not entleh' appropriatc, considcring that thev clenote geographic locations. This applicsabor.c all to the Slrmian froup, $rhosc name does not reflect the actual spatial distribution of thcsites knorvn so fir, and the site chosen tLr dlnLrtc a phasc 1{-urug) represents only the \-oungestphase of the group. Due to this, it s'ould be best to choosc a representarive site for the group and

name the group aftcr it. In mr,opirion, the most appropriatc site f<rr this s'oulcl be the one rvith a

knou.n settlement and a coresponcling cemetef-\., for instancc, Osijek, rvhich t,ielded tl.re remains ofa settlement, but also of gra\.cs and numerous incliviclual findsal, u'hich rvcll rcprcscnt the period ofthe vounger phase of the Eadr. Iron Age in the area unclet obsen-atic,n.

Thc anah-ses of the prer.ious hnds have shorvn that the group aclopted r-arious influcnccs (fiomthe south castcrn Alps, eastern Pannonia, thc Balkans) and transformecl then into its os'nrecognizablc culture. The group is clated fi on.i the late 6'h cent. until the first half of the 4d' cent.tsC, ancl thc lorvcr time [mit rs .lehneJ precisclr bl thc finds o[ crossbou' Certosa fibulae.a4

Although both rites arc uscd in flat cemeteries, skeletal gra\:es are dominant, r"'hich is a clis

continuitv rvith regard to thc cadier burial rite. Changes rvere documented also in cetamic tbrms.ai

r" Tl)rz \N 1971.rL \/,\sr(i 1982; \''.\src 1987; \r^s(r 19ll9; NlEuo\,rclHTNSLL 2006.rr BoZr(: 1981.rl Sp'\trc 1954; Sp.Urc 1956: SpAlra 1962.

'r TLRZI\ 19?i, 1,1; \lt. r'7,\-F.R -\EllELSrcN 2002,418.r' NI]]rzN-FR NFBEr.srcK 20f)2, 203.

51

The group is also characterized b,v burials of horses vrith harness, as well as Greek-Italic imports.l6Considering the kno\rn corpus of finds, mostl,y disco\.ered as eady as the end of the 194' and thebeginning of thc 20,h centufi', the ptesented general chronological dir-ision of thc know'n grar-e

assemblages and characteristic hnds has not undergone anv changesar, and the neu'l,v discoverecl

H-r\'(\ can al..r fir intu ir. C. NltTlNt R NLLJtLst, li place. Ihi. grnup uirhir hcr 5' cerrmichorizon (ftom 550 BC), chatacterized. b1' relative scarcitr. of finds, rvith ceramic forms thatcontinue undl Nliclclle La Tdne.a8

Fig 6: Findsfroru lhe;fema/t graue ix Beliiie.

The beginning of the group is at the moment presented with dre finds from Banoitor andSabac, although the question of the relationship with the end of the Dalj and Bosut groups rematnsunclear.4e The next horizon is r.ery rvell represented by gtaves: Beremend, Vinkovci-Silos, Nor-i

16 GL,Srr\-/TERZAN 1976,193 794:TEF.ZAN 1990, 158,205.{7 GriSTr\/TERZ,\N 1976: V,\s(r 19B2r V,\s(: 1989.r$ trIfrzNrR N]jts]]LS]cK 2002,179.re ltom Bano(tor, ptobably ftom ser.etai desrroyed burial contexrs, rve Lnor'" of \.adous f-oms of fibulae $'ith a

trapezoidal foot (r,ar. Rusanor,i6i, Potpeiina, Amreva gomrla: after TERZ,\N 1987), dated to the second half of the 6iand the beginnlng of the 5d'ceot. BC (Glasinac IVc) (VASIC 1989, 105 106; VASIC 1999, 91, 93-94). ln the opinion ofB. TI-RZAN, fibulae of the Borajna, Potpeiine and Rusatoviii qpes can be dated starting from as earh' as the eod of the7d, cent. llc and to the second half of the 6i cent. BC (Glasinac Ivc2), *'hile the Arareva gomila npe appeats lrom themid-6,h cent. BC and duting the fitst half of rhe 5,h cent. BC (Cllasinac Va) (Ierlan 1987, 19). R. V,\St dates rhe fibulae

52

Jankor.ci, \ruicclol, Stuba ija, Srijernska Nlitror.ica I, Doroslor-o 2r(r {ith bronze Certosa ttbulac oft\-pe \" rvhich lppeaf ar the cnd of thc 6'b rncl cluring the first half of the 5d, cent. B(l fron the

southeastern Alps to Glasinlc ancl the Danubian Basin5l. Thesc fibulee atc cttt.tsiclercd as eliclencc

of thc renel.al of contacts bets.ecn the southeastern r\lpine and Pannonian atcas, l'hich continucd

aLso during thc periocl of use of the eastcrn Alpinc zoomorphic t-ibulae and tlpe XIII (-ertosa

ilbulac.:r This horizon is contemporan rvith Cllasinac \ra phase5l, and to it ()fle can also attribute

the inhr,rmation grar.e from Adaier-cl, s,ith a Ccrtosa fibuia of tvpe XIIIa, e\-cn thouch thc t-inds

plrbabLi' come ftom several destrolecl graves5l.

Fig. 7: (.uiasa jl;rla rtl te lpe XIIIbfrau 3ut,t 51 ln O.tijek.

On this occesior.r, in vicl. of the t-incls from BeLii6e, :lttention is primarilr- itrcr-rsecl cin the

rounger horizon cif frncls, compdsin!! also the graves fron-r osijek: gtar-c 51 l'ith a XIIIh trPe

05.,1i. 1fig. 1), uravc 22 u,ith an astragal be1t56 and grave .18 rvith a kantharos u'ith a so callccl

cmbossecl bcllvi'. Irour golcl bcacls [hc those linotn from some*'hat cadier !!ra\.cs from Nor-i

Pazar, Srijemska }litr-or-ica I or Bcrementl 1 probabh'belong to this phasc.i8 Similar beacls at-c

tbund also at rhc Szentiaidnc cemcte r\, in qraves 41 and 44.5'Thc I{ruier-ica treasule, datecl bl thc

bronzc vessels to the efld qf the trtst hali of the 5tb ccnt. BC, iikel'ise bcats testimon\. to the

presencc of golcl and silver bcacls clecotated with gtanulation.6(r

Grar-e 89 trom the rinclard of L. Poitii in Dalj can probablr' be attributecl to thc same horrzon

as the trnds from Bcliiie ancl Osi jek.61 That crar-c lielclecl a silr-er omega pin oi n'pc IIIcl, ri ith hcrd

of rouncl crOSS section, bascd on l.hich it rvas dated to thc 5'l' cent. BC6l, although pins of that

tr.pe at CLasinac are datecl irom as eadr- as the end of tl-re 6rh ccnt. LlC.6l Dalj lielcled also other i .ate

Hallstatt fincls. but Nithciut information on the circumstances of discor-en'. i\ pin of thc same tYPc

oi the .\r-ercr a gorniLr tlpe Lo the clcl of rhe (r,. ancl the bcginning oi thc -ii' ccnr. BC ['.\slal 1999, 96). The find tloLn

llxnoiror is 1r..s.nth cotrsid..c.1 es belor-rgrng to rhc carLiest phesc oftht gloup O',\Sla 191t9, 109 11l) Thcfibulaeof

thc _\rare11 gomil.r npc vcre found in I gri\-€ l}(lD the sitc o[Jela irr Sebrc (\:rsrr: 19],-,26,Pl.52, 1 6i \',\sll-lli\'l(l

1911. L(,i 169, Frg.2, 1 r).., GL STr\,/TI,Rz,\\ 1916;Tl,RZ\\ 19llr\'\s]c 1982;\'\s(: 1r8,-;\'\s](:1989; trl :])ou(./ H.\\sl'L 2006

. Tl.Ri \N 19j6, l2l-32.+,351, 116, Irig. 18;.lr'rRlrlr 1981. 111,,\bb 1, Ii Tr,RZ.\\ 1916,382; lFR2\\ 1993,521.It is belicvccl that contrcts exisred untrl the timc ofthe boit shepccl fibulac,,f

thc Sm:rrjcta t\pe. Ir \\xs sho*,n on rhe exemplc of Sopton thar iortificd scttlements anrl burials unclcr tunnli cersc in

IIe D1. r.hile ftonr He 1)2,/3 .rppcar unfrrrtii-ie,:1 sctdcmcnts \\ith flit cemelcrics ancl ptedominanth sliclctrl Lurials

fTLRZ \N 1998,520 521).i TLRZ \N 1931, 19.

.r Hor,r{\rs 1901,282 235,lig.5.1 i8;BnL\S\ll1) 1t02, 12; \i.\sl(. 1917,28,Pl 53l\'\sl(: 1989. I0'1

't SP \trc 1962.'L X\\r].'15 -16... SP.\tIc 1956, 50.;- SP \T(r 1962, T. \XVI. ,14.

it Cl Srr\,/ l rRz \\ 1916, 195; Jrll(l'\l 1913, 81, ,\bb. 5, 5.

i, Jr.Rr.\r 1 t68. 1 1i6, Lig. 25, .1 1 / 1, l' ig. 26, 14 / 2.

1,, SRr.Jo\'Ic,/\'L K.\DIN 1988, I, Irig. 2. T. i\'.r'r \l\stir C \sP.\r.t\t 1913, 163..r \' \srar 1988, 1l(1..r\',\sra 2003, 122 121. Tat 68.

53

vas found in grar-e 12 at the plot of XI. Petroli6 Jr., with Certosa fibulae of qpc XIII h.61 Oncsuch pin is knol'n also from Gomolar-a (round cross section of the head), where it is datecl to thefirst half of the 5,h cent. BC.

Grar.e from Bclii6e is sl,nchronous with a cemetery in Vinkovci6s, w-here female grar.es rieldedbronze Certosa hbulae of t-vpe XIIIc and iron crossbow frbulae v'ith a back-bent foot, which areconsidered an imitation of the eastern Alpine zoomorphic fibula. Horsc harness lrom grave 1 isattdbuted to central European influence, while the bronze zoomorphic harness from horse burial 2rePrescnts influence from thc Lol'et Danubian basin. Connection rvith the cemeterics in Szent-l6rinc, Donja Dolina and Sanski Nlost, in additron to the mefltioned t\pes of fibulae, is docu-mente.l also by the fibula with a drum-shaped bou' and bv kantharoi. The cemetcry is dated to theend of the 5,h and the first half of the 4rh ccnt. BC66, v'hich is based rn additron to horse harncss

on the finds ctf lxorrze Certosa fibulac of q.pe XJIIc, documented also at thc coeval cemetery inSzend6rinc (grave 29;61 , in grave 48 at the plot of NI. Petror-ii Jr. in Donja Dolina68, as s,cll as tnthe inhumation grave of a l'oman and chiLd 176e and in grave 130 from Sanslii Nfostlo. The gteatestnumbcr of fibulae of q?e XIIIC l'ere documented at rhe sites in Lorr,'er Carniola, w.here ther.belong to the horizon madied also bv the hbulae of tpes III, Y, \TI ancl XIIIarl, but thev are alsc,partlv slnchronous - probabl_v towards rhe end of the 5d. cent. BC with fibulae of qpe XIIIh, as

testified b1. the cemeteries of Szend5rinc and Vinkor.ci. Fibulae of tvpe XIIIf, v'hich appear incertain grave assemblalles with fibulae of qpe XIIIc (grar.e 48 from the plot of NI. Petrovii Jr.)might be cofltcmpotaneous l'ith themT:. One Certosa hbula of the XIII| npe is know.n from theSzentl6rinc cemetet,vl3, which is also dated from the last third of the 5,1' cent. until the lattcr half ofthe 4,r' cent. BC.7a Thrs is corroborated bv the predominance of fibulae of n'pe XIIIc, ! h, whichare dated arouncl 400 BC or somel'hat later.i5 The youngest graves at the Szend6rinc cemeteryl.here situatecl at the southcastern part of the cemeteries, containing Eadl' La Tdne fibulae erar.es,10, 63, 65) attributable to the firsr half of the 4th cent. BC.76 The mentioned graves can be attrib-uted to the youngest horizon of burials at this hitherto largest excavatecl Late Hallstatt cemetcrybetween the I{apos and Sava rir.ers, We can, therefore, include into a separatc horizon that comesafter the finds from BeLiiie and Vinkovci the gral.e assemblages characterized, in addition to certain south Pannonian Late Hallstatt forms, b,v Eady I-a Tdne forms of fibulae, above all zoomorphic q.pes, grave 9 from Osijek rvrth a zoomorphic fibula and an astragal beltrT. This horizon rs

u,'ell represented bv the rich female grave from Velika, with the burial of a w.oman dressed in theEad,v La Tdne s5.1e, u'ith prcsence of certain local forms. The grave is dated to the mid 4th cent.BCis or the second half of the 4d' cent. BCre, although a number of zoomorphic fibulae and eadvforms of Dux fibulae, as well as bronze bracelets, possibl.v point to a somewhat eadier dare,probablv to the sccond quarter ofthe 4,h cent. BC, whtch shifts the beginning ofthe Eadr.La Tdneinfluence in southern Pannonia, preriously dated to the second half of the 4th cent. BC.80

6r TRrurELti,\ 1904, T. Xl,lV, 22.65 X{rUr.\,\Rrc PANDZTC 2003.66 lL\lNrRr(i-P,\NDZrc 2003, 501 502.6i

J ERE]\r 1968, Iig.23.29/5,tsig.25,42/3.6$ TRUHET-K^ 1904, T. LIII, 13.6, Lr,\r.,\ 1899,70, Fig. 25..1) fL\Ld 1899, 100, Fig. 1,13.i1 TERZAN 1976,380, sl.28.ir TRUHF.T.K,\ 1904, T. LIII, 12-13.irJERf,\r 1968, Fig. 22,21 22/1.?l.lEREi\r 1968, 194 195.

'i TrRZr\N 1990.

'6.JF.RFII 1968, 117,lig.25, 40 /3, Fig.29,63/ 4,7,lrg. 29, 6512-3; Popovrc 1996, 106.

'r SPAJTC 1954, T. lV.i3 NI,\lNAzuc Pr\DZrc 1996,31,35.-T P(n'ov(t 1996, 107.

'r1,JoVr\ovni 1979, 180, 183, 185; NL,!N.\Rr(:-P,\\D)]c 1,996,32.

54

The grar.e from \rclika, indir.iclual fincls from Dalj and osijek ancl graves from Donia Dolina

clemonstrate that the contacts s,ith the ah-caclv latcnized nolthem parts r-if the Carpathian l3asin

startecl ahcacll during the first half of the ,1d' ccnt. RC. It reuains opcn rvhether rve are clealing rvith

cultural influenccs, population mo\.emcnts of tfansfer of technologr-s1, although a combinatjon of

all tl.re mcntioned possibiLities scems thc most Plausiblc solutiofl'

The cemeten in Donja DoLina contains similar burial contcxts witll Eadl I-a Tdne fibulac in

association rvith Latc Hallstatt forms.Er Grar.e 6 fiQm thc plot of NI. Petfovii Jr' Presents an intcr-

esring situation, u,ith a zoomorphic fibula rvith a spiral placed on thc sicle, similar to (]ertosa

trbula.-c, g'hich perhaps points to an cafh' local ilnjtation.sr Gravc 41 from the plot of XI. Petror-ic

Jr., \.ith a pair cif loca1 plaquc-shapcd fibulac of thc Sansl<i llost fipe, r'icldecl an llarlr. l.a Tdne

irb.,l^...ith'" bngitudinallv ribbecl btirv.s+ There arc sevetal othet graves rvith a combination ofIocaL forms ancl tiadl- La Tdne fibulae, ancl grar-e 9 from the plot of S, Jakarii is in thct the onh' one

\,hcre Eadr.La Tine fibulae aPPcaI on their ou,n.E5 fibuLae oi the Szcntendrc tYpe also belong tcr

tl.ris horizon. Ther. are characterired br. the attachment oi the zoomotphic foot rvith thc bow dcccr

ratecl nith ztgzat ancl trllts\-crse lncs.E6 On the other hand, siiver tvisted bracelcts ancl cafirngs, as

autochthonous tbrms in grar-cs, \,erc attributed to ne$'lt attivecl rvomen based on theil Pfcsence 1n

tl.re earliest Ccldc grar.essr, in spite of the fact that these fofms can be followecl from earlicr Latc

Hallstatt grar-es (e-g. Beremend), u'hich makes it more plausible that such bracelcts ancl carrings

shoulcl bc considerecl an er-iclcnce of the acccptancc of local forms bl- the ccltic \Vomen, of coll

r.crseLv that \\ orr]cn oi Pannonian origin rverc introducecl into the ncu cc,mmunitic'. It ls inter

estinjto note that the Lat\' La Tine objects arc found exclusir-ely in the Srar-cs of g'omen' rvlule

ther- are entircll abscnt irom contcmporafl- malc grales.

,\nother e-amplc belonging to the same horizon tiom the scconcl and third cluarters o[ thc 4'1'

cent. B(- is the gra\.c Srijemska NIitrolica II, \'ithout anr documcntecl Fiarl,r'La Tdne ttnds.38 Thc

finds from thc grar-es in Bogdanor.cise and the iurug hoardet)are someu,hat \ounlacr ancl belong tcr

the end of thc grnop, r.,h..r the costun.re is still characterizcd bl combinatjons of Late Hallstatt and

lilarlr,La Tdne itcms. Bog.lano"ci yielded also a silr.cr omega-pin of IIIcI n.pe rvith the head oi:rectangulaf cross-secdon, based on rvhich it \,as clated to the 4rh cent B('.!rl The best tcstlmon\. \ve

1]"*. .ln fnl of thc contacts of the indigenous population rvith the in]micrants come frtim thc in

r.estigations of thc biritual cerneten at Peiine near l{ostolac. The slicletal gra\-es, situatecl in rhE

cential part of the cemeten., r'ieldcd omcgalins, cun.ed kniYes, spears and hand-macle vcsseLs. The

Earh,La Tdne gra\-cs can be eithcr inhumations or cfcmations, ancl bcar testjmonY to the eafh'

(.eltization .,f th. ^r.o

of thc confluence of the Xlorava and the Danube.e: Skelctal gravc Ci3 991

containcd a pair of silr-cr t\\,istcd eal rings, a Certosa ancl an Earli' l.a Tinc frbula, a pair of simple

bronze carrings ancl an Ea r- I-a Tdnc belt buckle.!3 Grar.e 987, rvith a pair of n'pe lva omega-pirs,

and $,.ith \.eaponn, ancl beacls, is probabLi' some$.l.rat, catlier.r+ In Donia DoIna rve can attllbutc to

this horizon ihe do.,ble grave frcim thc plot of N. Soki6, r.hich containecl, in acidition to plague

hbulae of the Sanski trIost tvpe, earLier ancl latcr forms of Earlr, La Tdr.re fibulaces, bascd on s'htch

31 PoPo\]ar 1997, 122.ir PoPo\ rc 1996, 101 1 10.

rrTRL IlF].r. \ 190.1, T. \LiIl, l'+.rr TRL Hr,r-Ii\ 1904, T. xl-\rII, 21.

t'iTRLrrrLK.\ I9tt1,T.L,21;-f. LI,21;T. I-I\',8-9;'I l-I\" '-, 11-1'11'l l-xIV,i 8

*i Sz.\B() 191-it Sr.,\l)l(:2001.i- lo\'.\\()\'rc 1994, 112 115; P()PO\'I(] 1997, 118;J()\ \\o!lc 20r.)l

'H BuL'--SrnD I902, 78 80, sl. 38 19.*'] BRr \S-\rD 19f)9.\, \r.\sic 1988. 113-17,+: PoPoYlc 1996, 118; \r.\slc 1995, 8l,L \',\s]c 2003, 122 123.!r.Jo\ -\NO\lc 1985.]r Jo\' \Nouc 199.1, 1 1 1-1 12: Jo\',\\()\'lc 1999, 3? 18; \'\sr(l 1t99' T 50' 83-!r\'\src 1937x. 651.T. 61,12 13;\'\s(r 20{13, 124,T.'f6,918 919

'" \I.\Rr(' 196,+,'1. I\tl, 6 ll, 11 12.

.t.l

the grave rl'as clatecl to the end of the 4d, ccnt. BCe6, er.en though it is probablv older, that is, fromthe beginmng of the seconcl half of the 4,h ccnt. BC. Grave 13 from the plot of I. Stipanievii canbe attributed to the same phase as the hnds ftom Bogdanovci.'r'- The cnd of this horizon is markedbr, nvo female inhumation graves from l{araburma (63 and 67), belonging to v".omen of localongin.e8 This is also the timc to rvhich the earJiest grar.es of Belgradc 1 phase from the last third ofthe 4ir cent. BC can be dated.

Thc tlnds of the youngest horizon of the South Pannonian Late Hallstatt group, or the Osijekg1ouP, belon!! to a periocl u'helr objects of the F,arl1. La Tdne culture arrir-e increasinglv moreftequendv from the northern parts of thc Carpathian Basin, bearing testimonv to the beginning ofthe Latenization process, which \vas soon followed bv Celtization, that is, bv the arrival of a ner.v

population. At the beginning of thc lest thuJ of the 4m cent. BC nerv material forms came to thcfore ancl burial rites changcd, primaiJ,\- \\'ith regarcl to the introduction of cremation, l'hile ccrtaincemeteries such as Dalj, Osijek or Peiine shou' a continuiq of burials. The nvo ritcs rvouldprobabl,r'bc uscd in parallel fot a litde rvhile longer, but this process which rvas morc intcnse andstronget along important communication routcs lcading through the vallels of thc Sar.a, Drava andDanube rivers came to an end at the cnd ol the ,l h cent. BC.

The probable continuitt of the popuLation that accepts the new cir.ilizational attainments of theLa Tdne culture, but at the samc dmc presefi'es its orvn recognizablc and characteristic materiallegacr. is at present most cleadv demonstrated bt certain shapcs and motifs and techniclucs ofdecoration ofhand-made cetamic r.essels kantharoi in particular and certain t\pes and techniquesof decoration of costume and jewellerv pieces.

-r\ testimony of this are the results of the excar.ation of the Nfidclle La Tdne ccmetery in Zvonimiror-o in the central Podravina region, u'hich so far f.ielded 99 cremation burials. The cemetelr'has been attributed to the Nfokronog group (Nlokronog IIb phase) on the basis of the anallsis offemale costume. Some finds (footed kantharoi, bronze belts composed of l1're shapecl segments)indicate intensive connections r-ith thc Scotdisci in eastern Slavonia and Svrmia. The mentionautochthonous heritagc rcptcsents hand made ceramic r.essels u'hose have clirect anallogies in theforms and dccorations at the sites of the mention south Pannonian Late Hallstatt group,ee It ts

interesting that in all grar-es ftom Zvonimiror.o that contained such vessels the t-inds includecl alsovcsscls made on a r.vheel in traclition of the La Tine culture.

The most common are kantharoi rl,-ith a biconical body ancl tv"'o strap handlcs. The kantharoihar-e been clecorated u'ith shallow and oblique gtooved Jines (grave LT 15), then u'ith a horizontalrou' of oval clepressions at the transition lrom the lower part of the bodv into the shoulcler (graveLT 38) u'ith direct parallcls in the cemetery at Szentltirinc.100 The kantharos from grar.e LT 43 hasa horizontal rorv of embosscd decoration, often present on ceramic forms ftom the 1'or-rnger phascof the llarh'Iron \e like in pgar.e ,18 in Osijekrot or in Szendiirincr0l. A small kantharos also s'asfound during the excar-ation of the settlement in Zvonimirovo, situated ser.etal hundrcd metersfrom thc ccmete{i at VeLiko Polje.to:

ln terms of ti'pological and technological fcatures, the hancl made kantharoi from Zvonimirovohave manr, analogres on other Latc Hallstatt cemeteries dated between thc 6,h and 4th cent. BC:grave 3 in Vinkor.cil0a; grave 19/1910 in r.inel.ard Par.oier-ii in Daljro5 Vukoyarrr)6; sraves inSrrbarli'ar : grn\( 45 in Du-u.lu\ul '8: Srbacl ' : serlrmenr /nd rLL grr\q\ in Donjr D,,lina | . Tuo

t. PoPoYrc 1996, 110.

'r- TRUHF.r.ri^ 1904, T. l-XXVI, 3 4.er ToDono\,r(i 1972.e.r I)rzD,\R 2010.rrr r

JLRrrlr 1968, Fig. 22, 21-22 / 3.

'L'r SP,\!c 1962, T. XX\rI,4,1.r,rlrRIrlI 1968, 188, fig.20, Lig.22, P1. XLnr, 1,3.rt,r DrzD\R 2005, 75, fig. 7.101 NI.\l\-\Rr(i 1,.\\D7rc 2003, 484, Abb. ,1, 1.L1,i NILTZ\r-R Nr.Br.LSr(r 2002, T. 70, 2.11,6 l\lF'fz\FR NEBELSTCK 2002, T.110, 9.rL- f{EDo\:Ic 20i17, Fig. 8, (r, Fig. 9, 12, lrig. 11,4.

56

kantharoi founcl in an llat Li La Tinc qtr\-e trom Ncr-rfeld fton-r the trtst half oi thc 5'r' cent BC

sho\, the continuit\- t't atpn'tot"-t t'iiti"tL^'-t]i tt""t the I-ate FlalLstatt to Earli' La Tdne graves r' '

Ar.ralogies of hand ..rade k"".n";il;,,;';i,.'...].,.r.' in Zvonimitovo har-e becn tegistcrccl at the

sltes of the Scordisci Like 1n thc t""*tt" - Kt-tpinc't'c'll: ancl thc llrentioned Earh J-a Tene rvomali

gr.ar-c 6i at IiatabutmalLr'. Iland-macle kantharoi <lecoratccl s'ith polishecl motifs' ls rvell' es-s'ith

inciscci an<l applied vertlcal lrncs ancl ban<ls arc founcl also in J'atc l-a Tine sctdemeflts ol the Jc()r

rlisci in Eastcrn Sler.onlarLa *a irr-i^itt Tl.rc all l.rentionccl makrgics sho* that these shapes of

k'lnthlroi appear cluting tf.tt t']u" 'secontl,haLf of the 1" millenniun.t BC' lncl therr productron

.','.STT1*::il::31:#T:L:l:",-?.1",,n. grarcs i' Zronimiror-o probabi,'can bc consrcleteci

es a rcsult oi thc influence ot the J-ate Ilallstrtt llroup spteacl.in the ccntrxl Pocll-lvina region and

inclicatc tl.r'.rt this arca *'as t"t"'"ft tittftti'.1"'i"i t t'pttioa tnxt Prc'lated the Celtic ttt'ltt--tlil lllthe scconcl lraLf oi the a'n t""t 61:' ' 'l ltntp-^ti"'.t oi J-etc tlallstan hencl-maclc t'pe oi .,csscls rn

heritasc of Taurisci alrd Scorcllsci is pc'ssible tluc to.the ,svmbolic

slsnificancc ancl the clcfined role

thel plaletl in the cetaruc '* t'"t' ilt it"ta maae fan1fi111^aiso can bc eviclcnce tbr ptcscncc of

population ol autochthonous origin *'ho rost r1 ric1.-*112'-r-!lt-n:ti:"g.t ot "n"n::ijl:.i.t*l') "'ih. L^ Tart" cuLturc The tt"tt'tt'lh of thc mentionccl vessels anc'l theit incotporatton 1nt() tne ne\\i

i;;;.il.1i,1.... fu' tht' ti"'t'i"tt't-t of a cettain pert of population of thc autochthonous

Pennor.fan origln ancL 'ntt' "ttn'-i-"J'.t

i'-"t' tf tt "ttlllf ,i"t-t:f cc'mmunities' characterizccl bl thc

nc\r ^ttxlnments

of tl.re La I ii-re c.,lt.,rc, abor e all thc *.eaFons '.rnd picccs .f c.stumc rncl

le\,ellerr'. Similar moclci it '"tll;;;;;;ttr i'.t tt'tt gravcs of

'l.tt trlt'L'n']t'e gtoup in Novo xlestcr

s,here a butial of thc gtaves of the )lokronog grouP ne\t to thc ] lnilstatt tr'rmu[ indicetirlq

sr,rn'iline of thc .l()caL F()Pulatlon ancl thelt incorporation intrr nes' cililizational curcnts LLi

It is interesting that the cemctef in Zvonin-irolo is the onh' sci far knol'n cemetcn' of the

Nlokronog srouP that t'ititltd ;;;tl;;tit k^''ttL^'ni Nl'iicl-r tlePenclecl on thc position of thc ccmc

tefl.on the eastcrn pcriphcfl- "i',1. i""ri..l that prer-ioush' bclongc.i to that I-lte Flxllstatt.gfouP'

rvhich encon-ipassed tne area to:"tthitg from cential Podl a-'vina thtough 13arania to eastcrn 5la\1)nla

ancl Sr-rnti'.r. At the beglnntng of the I-ate lron Agc occunec'i a chanse rvhen thc ccnttal PoclLar-tna

il";;;;il;:;::'::till*:*j*ll*::::::.ffi ;5ff"il;]"J,:il':il'i..'[^:'-"'*i;:h: ::: J',: ii:'lffi:* [:'.'.T'Jil,;'?i: i*:::T::i*,:::::nx ]i',1'5i il:t:

'Ihereforc, thc hetcrogeneous heritage of .the

Taunsct anrl Scordisci has roots in the cltr erse

cncounterccl south pannonian ,;tr.rd ,,,utl,.^rt r\Lpinc cultural ethnic substlates tlf thc l 'etc Hnllstatt

Petkrcl, s'ho erc tocli), ^"a tr-tit'p^'-tit"f"'l' "ppit''

to tl:,::llth Panonnian region' poorh'linol'n

The cliscor-en oi thc frncls tr# g"tii6. is a-small contribution to tbc future exan-rinatior-t oi this

veff interestiflg an.t 't-ti"tn"tl"i

t'^titit"-t 1''"'ttt' from thc Flarh to J'atc lron Age'

ListofthesitesofCertosalibulaeoftypeXlllh(eftelTL,RZAx1976.340,Ilig'3{J):

Belii6c (Fig. 3)

Os;1a. 1i-ij. ri 1SL--rlrc 19(r2, 50, T xxvl' 45-46)

Szentlcirinc (lr,.Rr\r 1968' ftg"1;,:7-;, rig ir' r:/r 2'Fig 22' 24l1' Fic 23'2-11'Pig 21'

3+ /3 6')

,rrs i\lFlx)\ l(',/i l.\\sl,l' 2006''I \'lll''+'r1! \I \sll ll:\ l(l 191i, |ig 4' l'Lr'fltlFl].]-li\ 1904.P] X\, 1 2' 5'Pl XIl'21'Pl \l-lll'2; ]l\Rl(. 1964'Pl \\'llI'I 5

Lrr JF.Ri:\r 1996, 103 1tli, '\bb l' 5 (; \bb 8' 1'

r1rIlLN\ \D) 19'12, Pl l-\VI. 8; II !\'\lu'l P \\l)ll(: 19i0' 33' PI \'4rrr TOI)ol1( )\'l(: I9 ,-2, 28, 'I .\\\J. 1'

,,i l)rzD.\R 2001.8(1, r'it. rz.ll +, + cr' 13' 5 3' Pl ' 1'

t:,fl-].t'-' ' o' '+l' 1' Pl '+'r' '+

rri I()\'.\\()\'l( B'/JoIrxolir: \1 191J8' l']l \i' 12' 14 Pl X\I\'5'Pl \1-'5

iL. bIZD.\R 21105' ir:)-?l; Dr -D \R 2(l0l' 132 l3'1

Lr I)lrl) \11 201oLL{ liRI/- 200 '

57

Sotin (ILKIC 1999, T. XIX,9-10)Srijemska Nlitrovica (after Trn2,lu 1976)Indija (VAStc 1999, T. 50,851)the bank of the Danube river near Zemun flooonoyrc 1971, T. 41,3,5; VASIc 1977, 28,PL 51,6,10; VASrc 1999,'1.5L,861 62)No6aj (VASrc 1999, T. 50,854)neighbourhood Poiarevac (VASIC 1999, T. 50, 8584,C; SToIIC 2000, 59-60, T. I,12,13, 15)Donja Dolina CRUI.IELL{ 1904, Fig. 46-47,T. XXXVIII, 22, T. XI,III,3, T. XLIV, 20 21,T.LXIX, 9, 15, T. LXXXI, 7_8)

Sanski Nlost (FIAI-^ 1899,77,Ft1.52,97,Frg. 1.32; TEI2AN 1976, Fig.50,2 3)

Carakovo (Covli 1956, 1S8, T. I, 11),Car.arine (FL\l -,'\ 1893, 144,Ftg.42),Vclemszennid (voN N{ISKE 1908, T. XXXIX, 29),Budan.v (Bu1xa/RONISAUER 1983, 234, T. II, 4; NovorNi 2001, 9 4 9 5, T. 22, 269),Koiliq' (NlovorN A 2001, 9 4-9 5, T. 22, 268).

Bibliography

BAIEN-LETUNIC 2003i D. B^LEN LETUNIa, I(alup za Lijevanje voltanih modela certosa fibula iz Siska,Opuscula Archaeologca 21, Zagte\, 251 -256.BRUNSMID 1902: J. BRUr-SxnD, Prethistorijski predmeti iz Srijemske iupanije, VFLA.D n.s. VI, Zagteb, 68-86.

BRUNSMTD 1908-1909: J. BRr \\\ID. P-erLi'rori:.k pre.lmeu iz Srrjemske Zupani:e. VH.\D n.s. \. Zrgreb.231 237.Bo2te 1981: D. BoZIa, Relativna kronologja mlajie ieiezne dobi v jugoslovenskem Podonavju, ArheoloikrVestnik XXXII, Ljubljana, 315 336.BUJNA/ROMSAUER 1983: J. BI-JNA,/P.RONISALTER, Spithallstett und frr,ihlatinezeitliches Gtiberfelo nBudan,v, Slovenska Archaeoiogia 3 1 /2, B nnslava, 2'7 7 -321.eovlc 1956: B. e ouc, Ilirska nekropola u iarakol.u, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja NS XJ, Sarajer.o, 187204.DIZDAR 2001: NI. DIZDAR, Latenska naselja na vinkovadkom podrudju, Dissertationes er Nfonographie 3,Ztgreb.DTzDAR 2005: NL DIZDAR, Grob LT 71 iz Ztonrmitove ptimjer dvojnog pokopa latensLe kultute,Opuscula Archaeologca 28 (2004), Zagteb, 41 89.DIZDAR 2007t NL DIZDAR, Bikoniini lonci sa stepenidasto raidianjenim ramenom s groblja Zvonimitor.o\reliko polje, Prilozi Instituta za arheologju 24, Zagteb,121 141.DIZDAR 2010: NI. DIZD.rIR, I(antharoi of autochtooous-,,pannonian" origin ftom the La Tdne culturecemetery in Zr.onimirovo, Croatia, in: Iron Age Communities in the Carpathian Basin, Proceedings of theInternationai Colloquiums from Tirgu NIureS 9 11 October 2009, ed. S. B!.REctd, Bibliotheca NlvseiNlarisiensis, Seria Archaeologica II, Editura l{ega, Cluj-Napoca, 297 -301 .

DTzDAR/PorREBrcA 2002: NI. DIZDAR/H. POTREBI()\, Latenska kultura oa prostiru Poieike kothne,Opuscula Archaeologlct 26, Zagre\.7I1 131.DULI.R 2003: J. DUL\R, Halitatske oekopole Dolenjske, Opera lnstituri Archaeologici Sloveniae 6,Ljubijana.FIALA 1893: F. FIAL{, Die Ergebnisse det Untersuchung priihistorischer Grabhiigel auf dem Glasinac imJahre 1892, Vlssenschaftliche Nlitteilungen aus Bosnien und der Herzegor,-ina I. Band, Wien, 126-168.FIAr-A 1899: F. FIAI-A, Das Flachgriberfeld und die prihistorische AnsiedLung in Sanskimost,Wissenschaftliche N{itteiiungen aus Bosnien und der Hezegov'ina VL Band, Vien, 62 128.GUSTIN/TERZAN 1976: NL GUSTIN/B. TERZAN, N,lalenikova gomila v Novem mestu, Prispevek kpoznavanju povezav med jugovzhodnim alpskim svetom, severozahodnim Balkanom in juino Panonijo vstarejii ielezni dobi, Arheoloiki VestniL XXVI, Ljubljana, 188-202.HOERNES 1901: Nf. HoER\ES, Funde verschiedener Altersstr.rfen aus dem westlichen Syrmien, Nlitthei-lungen der Prihistorischen Commission der I{ais. Akademie det \Missenschaften I. Band N. 5, 1901, 1Vren,

265-289.HUNYADY 1942: I. HUNYADY, Keltik a Kelpitmedenc6ben (Die Kelten im I{arpatenbecken), Diss. Pann.Ser. II No. 18- Budaoest.

58

Ir-KrC 1999: \1. Il-tixi, FIn-atslio Poclunevljc u ieljeznom dobu - posljednie tisuiljeie prije l{rista,

maqisterski racl, Zacler.

JEREM 1968: E. JiIRL\r, The Latc Tton Agc Ccnet|' of Szentliirinc, IAASH XI, Budapest, 159-2011

jnruu 1973: L. J[RE\I, Zut (]eschichrc des spriten Eisenzcjt in 'l'rensclanubie: spitciscnzeitLichc Grabfundc

ron Rcrcmencl, A;\'\Stl X-\\r/ 1 2, IiLclapest, (r5 86.

JERENI 1981: E. JLRI,)I, Zur Sprithallst.rtt- und Friihlaraflezeit in Trensclanubie, in: Dic Flallstettlnltur,

Bcricht iibcr clas S1r1Dosi1rn in Stci'r 19110 eus ,\n1a8 clcr Jnternltionaien Ausstcllung cles Lancles ()ber

clsterlcich, T-inz, 105-1 36.

JTIREM 1996: 11. Jr.RL,\r. Zur Ethnogenesc clet ()stkclten Spitl.rellstart uncl friihlatir.rezcitliche (ltibcr-

telcler- zq.jschcn Ttaiser-rtai gnd DonauLnie, ir-r: Die Iielten in clcn Alpen Llnd xn det Donau, Buclepcst-\\'ier-r,

91 110.

JovANovIc 1979: B. JOv,\No\,tC, The |onrration of the Scorclisci on the basis of archacologicel rnrl

Historicel sourccs, ir-r: Lcs mour.emcnts celticlucs clu \" au 1' sitcle venat notre ire,;\ctcs du X'\\rIII" colirr

que orglnis6;.r l'occasion du lX. (iongr€-s Intetnerional des Sciences Pt6historiques et Protohistoriclues, \ice,l; 19 seprcmbre 1976, id. P. \L DL\',\r-/V. Iirur,r, Eclitions du Ccottc National cle la Rechcrche Scienri

ficuc. Paris. 179-181.

JovAliovlc 1985: R. J()\'.\\o\.lc, Nehopola na Pciinama i starije gozdcno cloba PocllLnerlje, Starinar

L\ )iVI, Beograd, 13 17.

JovANovIC 1994: B. Io\'.\N()\'lC, Horizont r.rajstarijih keltskoh grobova na severn()m Relkanu, rn: I(ulture

gr-.zdcnog cloba jugoslore r.rskog Podunavlja, Balkanolo!ki ir.rstitut S'\Nll, Poscbne izdenja 55, ed. N. T.\sl(i.

Bcogtad, 11 1-1 11.

JovANovtc 2007: B..J()\,.\\()\'rc, Srcbrne nauinice u nxkitu r.rnoll latena Sreclnjeg Poclum-lie, in: Scripta

Praehistorica in honorem lliba Terier.i, ccls. \L BLLailc/\I CRliSN.-\R/B. HlNSEr./r\. Hl'l'l'\lt'fH/L"lr\rSrR/(.. trlr,.TZ\ER NI-i3l.l.sI(lK, Situla 4'1, Lir,rblia1la, 821-827

JovANovIC/JovANovIC 1988: B. J()\'dNou(l/.U J()\"\N-oYlc, (lomolala' Neseljc mladeg plozclenog

c1obe, sr'. 2 iz serijc ,,Gomo1ala", Novi Sacl-Beogracl.

KRrZ 2005: R. KRrz, rNovo mesto YT, I(apitcl]ska r.rjiva, Illaj(e2elcznoclobno grobiiie, Cerniola '\rchaeoltgica 6, \ovo me sto.

LOZNJAX DIZDAR/DIZDAR 2009: D. L()ZNl.\K DIZD.\R,/NI. DIZD'\R, PraPolijesno gtobljc u Zagajcrma'

Zbornik 3, Bc[i6e,22 26.

IU,A.JNARIC-PANDZTC 1970: N. trL!NA1UC P.\\DzlC, I{eltsko,latenskr Lultr,Lra u s1a!oniji i Stiiemu, '\ctaIlusei Cibalensis 2, Vinkor-ci.MAJNARTC-PANDZTC 1996: N. lL\lN \RlC P-\\DZIC, Einigc Beispiele clcr spitlarincze itlichen Siccllr,rngen in

\orclkroatier-r uncl ihte Beziehung zu clcn Zentren cler ftiihcn Romar-isation, ,\rheoloiki Vesrniii 47, I-jub1

ltn;1,257 266.MAJNARTC -PANDZTC 2003: \. ,\L\I\,\RIC I,ANDZIC, Ein spithellstattzejtliches Gflibetfeld in vinkov, i

(1\orclkroarien) uncl clas Problcm eines ncucn Phrinomens det Pfcrdeausstxttung in diesem Gebier, (lernlenir

8l /2. Frenkfr,rrt a. II.. 481 511.

MARIc 1964: Z. }L-\RI(;, Donia Dolina, (ilasnik Zemaljsliog i\Iuzeja XIX, Saraievo, 5 128.

METZNER-NEBELSICK 2002: C. NiF- l zNl-R NEBELS]CTi, Der ,,Thrako I(in]merische" Formenkteis aus cler

Sichr der Urncnfelclcr- und Hallstartzeit rnr sr,iclcjsrlichcn Pannonicn, \rotgeschicl-rtliche Forschungen Bancl

23. Rehden,/\\'cstf.MEDOVTC 2007: P. NII:D()\'r(:, Sruberlija, Nekropola neselie Feuclr.ar kod \Ic.,iorlna (Beika), \luzej \rojro-clioe, Posebna izdenja, I{njiga XX, Novi sed

MEDOVTC/HANSEL 2006: P. IIEDOYIC/B. HA\Sl-1., Die Srem Ci'uppe, Nekropolen bei den Siecllungen

der Bosut-Clruppe, in: Flomegc to \Iilutin Gatalenin, ed. N 'f'\slc/C. (lRozD.\\()\', Serbiao '\cademr ofSciences ancl Ats \Ilccclonian Actrdcm\ of Sciences end lrts, Beogracl, '189 512

voN MISKE 1908: I(. F. \'oN \IlsKi'l 19(l{J, Dic ptriiristorische Ansicclelung \1elem St. Vrd, l. Band:

Beschrcibung der Raubbaufuncle, \('ienNovoTNA 2001: NL No\()T\,i, Dic Fibeln in cler S1o$'alici, PBF Abtcilung XIV' Band 11, StuttgeltpopovIi 1996: P. P()po\.IC, llarlv La Ttne bet*"een Pannonia and the Balkans, Sterinar \T,\'Il, Bcograd,

105 125.

SALAJIC 2001: NI. S.\L,!lC, Iz proilosti beliiianskoga ktaja, Zbotr.rili 1, \Iuzej ,,Beliiic"' Be1iiie,31-4i1.

SLADT6 2003: Nl. St-,\DIc, Ttagom raoih keltskih uticeja na prostorLr Timodke ktejinc, Balcanica X'\-XIIXXXlll, Beogtad, 3?-47.SpAJrc 1954: E. SP,r1I(i, Nalaziite mlacleg ieljeznog doba s terena ()sijeka, Osiedki Zbotnik I\r, Osijek, 7 18.

59

SPAIrC 1956: E. SPAJIC, Nalaziite mladeg Leljeznog doba s terena Osijeka, Osjedki Zbornik V, Osijek, 47-53.SPAJIC 1962: E. SPAJIC, Nalaziite mladeg ieljeznog doba s terena Osijeka, Osjetki Zborni1< MII, Osijek, 3755.

SREJOVTC/VUKADIw 1988: D. SRElouC/O. VuK.'DrN, Biago iz Kruievice, Raika badtina 3, Raia, 7-18.SToJIc 2000: M. SToJIC, Najnoviji sludjani nalazr El:;ula iz gvozdenog doba u dolini Mlave, Viminacivm 11,Poi,atevac, 57-67 .

SzABo 1975t M. SzABo, Contriburioo a I'Etude de l'Art et de le Chronologie de La Tdne Aocienne enHongne, FoJia Archaeologia XXV, Budapest, 71 86.TERZAN 1976: B. TsnzaN, Certoika fibula, Arheoloiki Vestnik XX\4I, L|ubl)ana,317443.TERZAN 1977: B. TnnZ.tN, O horizootu bojevniikih grobov med Padom in Donavo v 5. .in 4. stol pr. n. 6t.,in: I{eltske itudije, ed. M. GUSTIN, Posavski muzej Bre}ice knj, 4,Brciice,921..TERZAN 1987: B. TERZAN, The Eady Iron Age Chronology of the Central Balkans, Archaeologica Iugo-slavica 24, Llt;lcllana,727 .

TERZAN 1990: B. TERZAN, Starejsa 2elezna doba na Slovenskem Stajerskem, Katalogi ir Monogtafije 25,Ljubljana.TERZAN 1998: B. TERzAN, Auswirkungen des skvtisch geprdgren I(ulrurkeis auf die hallstattzeidichenI(ulturgruppen Pannoniens und des Ostaipenfaumes, ifl: Das Katpatenbecken und die osteuroprischeSteppe, Prdhistotische Archdologie in Siidosteuropa Band 12, hrsg. B. rL{NSEL/J. I{-q.CHNIK, Miincheo,511-560.ToDoRo'itC 1971: J. ToDoRouC, Katalog praistorijskih metalnih predmeta, Muzej gtada Beograda,Katalog III, Beograd.ToDoRol'IC 1972: J. ToDoRor,'rC, Praistorijska Karaburma I nekopola miadeg gvozdenog doba,Dissertationes et Monogaphie SADJ XIII, Beogtad.TRUHETxA 1904: C. TRUHELK{, Der vorgeschichdiche Pfahlbau im Savebette bei Donja Dolina @ezirkBosnisch Gradi$ka), Bericht iiber die Ausgtabungen bis 1904, Wissenschafdiche Mitteilungen aus Bosnienund det Herzegowina IX. Band, Wien, 1-156.VAsrC 1977: R. VASIC, The Chronology ofthe Early Iron Age in Serbia, BAR SS 31, Oxfotd,VASIc 1982: R. VASIC, A Conffibution to the Study of,,Illyrian" Helmets in north Yugoslavia, ArchaeologiaIugoslavica XXII-XXIII, Beograd, 76 80.VAsIc 1987: R. VASIe, Sremska grupa zapadnobalkanskog kompleksa, in: Praistodja jugoslovenskih zemaljaY,Zeljezno doba, ed. A. BnN-a.c, Sarayevo, 555-558.VASIC 1987a: R. VASIC, Moravsko-timodka oblast, in: Praistorija jugoslovenskil zemalje V, Zeljezno doba,ed. A. BENAC, Satajevo,651 672.

VASrC 1988: R. VASlc, Ein Beitrag zur Chronologie der Spithallstattzeit im Sremgebiet, in: Gomolava 1,

Chronologie und Stratigraphie der vorgeschichdichen und Antiken I(uituren det Donauniederung und Siidosteuropas, hrsg. N. TASIC/J. PETRoUC, Novi Sad,169-1.'76.VASIC 1989: R. VASIC, Jedan prilog proutavanju Sremske grupe, GodiSnjak Cenua za Balkanoloika Ispirrvanja knj. XXVII/25, Sarajevo, 103 113.

VAsrc 1995; R. VASIC, Srebrni nakit IV veka pre n. e. na teritoriji srednjeg Podunavlja, in: Radionice ikovnice srebra, Narodni muzej u Beogradu, Beogtad, 83-91.VAsrC 1999: R. VASIc, Die Fibeln im Zentralbalkan, PBF Abb. XIV Band 12, Stuttgart.VASrc 2001: R. VASIC, Gold and Silver in Iron Age Serbia, Archaeologia BulgaricaY / 3, Sotta,23-28.VAsIC 2003: R. VASIC, Die Nadeln im Zentalbalkan, PBF Abteilung XIII, Band 11, Stuttgart.VASIC 2005: R. VASIC, Srebrni nalaz iz Nikinaca, Stainar LY,Beograd,67-73.VASILJEVIC 1977: M. VASILJEVIC, Naiazi srarijeg gvozdenog doba u Sapcu, Starinar XX\III (197 6), Beograd,167-17 +.

VINSTc-GAspARrNt 7973: l{-. VINSKT GASPARINI, Kultura polla stL i,ztama u sjevemoj Hwatskoj, Mono-grafije Filozofskog fakvheta t Zadru 1., Zadat.

60

Das LandSteiermark

+ Wlsseischaft und Fo6chung

276 Seilen mir 135 Abbildungen, I Tabelle und 3 Kaflen inkl.6 Taleln

Cedruckt mit finanzieller Unterstiitzung des

Bibliografi sche Intbrmation der Deutscherr Nationalbibliothek

Gutjahr, Christoph / Tiel'engraber, Georg (Hrsg.):Beitrdgc zur Hallstattzeir am Rande der Siidostalpen ; Akten dcs2. lnternationalcn SymposiLrms an 10. und ll. Juni 2010 in Wildon( Steiennark/C)sten eich) / hrsg. von Christoph Gutjahr ... .

Rahden/West1. : Leidorf, 201 5(lnternationalc Archiologie : Arbeitsgemeinschati, Symposium,Tagung, Kongress; Bd. l9)lsBN 978-3 89646-,1.19 I

Gedruckt auf alterungsbestiindigem papier

Dic Deutsche Bibiiothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie.Detaillierte bibliograflsche Daten sind im lnternet iiber http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.

Alle Rechte vorbehaltena!) 2015

Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbFIGeschiiftsfiihrer; Dr. Bert Wiegel

Srellerloh 65 . D-32369 Rahdcn/Westt

r"1., *.lsl(o)srztl;;aFax: +49/(0)5771/ 95l0 75

E-Mail: infb(1vml.delnternet: http://www.r,nl.de

ISBN 978-3 89646-4,19 IISSN 1434-6427

Kein Teil dieses Buches darfin irgendeiner Form (Druck, Fotokopie, cD RoM. DVD, I n t e rn c t oder einenranderen Verfahrcn) ohne schriftliche Genchl,trigung des Verlages Marie LeidorfCmbH reproduzierr 1r'etclen

odcr unter Verwcndung elektronischer Systen1e verarbcitet, vervielfiiltigt oder verbreitet werderl.

Umschlagentwurf: Dirk Bevermann, Bad Lacr und Berr Wiegel, Rahden/WestlUmschlagfuto: Kegelhalsgcfiin aus Grab j des Grabcrfeldes Kainach bei Wildon

(s. S. 189, Tal. I in diesem Band), Maria Windholz Konrad. A GrazGestaltung und Prepress: G & G nedia Gcs. b. R.. A_Craz

Lektorat und Redaktioni Christoph Culjahr. Gcrnot p. Obersreiner und Georg Trefcngraber, A_Ctaz

lS;;r-.BE

@

Dfuck und Produktion: druckhaus kdthen Gmbl I & Co. KG. D-K.tthen