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Diversity of Life
Adaptations
Definitions
Characteristics that give an organism a better chance of survival – a survival advantage
Special traits that help living organisms survive in a particular environment.
Reasons for adaptations
To suit their habitat
For protection
For attack
For feeding
For movement
Q. Try listing the top 5 reasons why organisms have adaptations…
.
.
.
.
.
Types of adaptations
Structural – external characteristics
size
shape
feet, eyes, bills, skin, scales
Types of adaptations
Behavioral - different ways of reacting to the environment
nocturnal
arboreal (lives in trees)
burrowing
Mating
Types of adaptations
Physiological - internal characteristics hibernation rumination (grass eaters) endothermic – can maintain own body temp. Eg: Humans and most animals Exothermic – can’t maintain own body temp, so need the sun to do this. Eg: All reptiles
Examples
Kangaroos moving in large groups is a behavioral adaptation - helps protect members of group from predators
Thick fur coat of arctic fox is a structural adaptation - helps protect it against cold weather
Camouflage is a physiological adaptation used by chameleons - helps blend into their changing environment
Try classifying the following examples as one of the three types of adaptations:
behavioural, structural, physiological
Sharp claws
Cat reacting at the sound of can of food opening
Skin colour darkens when exposed to sunlight
Flat teeth for grinding and chewing
What are these adaptations for?
What are these adaptations for?
Habitat: Dry inland Australia, including deserts and grasslands
Adaptations: It is able to go without drinking as long as green grass is available and it adapts well to drought.
They can hop as fast as 64 km and use this as their first line defense.
Kangaroos have a tendon in the leg which acts like a rubber band, conserving energy as the animal moves.
Tail serves as a balance when the animal leaps and as a prop when it stands.
Kangaroos
Habitat: Cold oceans
Adaptations: Black and white colors. These colors help camouflage them.
Their blowhole is at the top of their head. This enables them to come up and breathe more easily.
Blubber keeps them warm in the frigid seas.
Orcas are the fastest mammals in the sea. They can travel up to 50 kph. Their speed helps them catch their prey.
Orca whales
Habitat: Wet, humid and hot jungles as well as icy cold forests
Adaptations: A tiger's hind limbs are longer than their forelimbs, an advantage for jumping.
The forelimbs and shoulders are well-muscled and the forelegs can twist inward, enabling the tiger to grab and hold large prey.
Underside of the paws have soft pads which allow tigers to quietly stalk their prey.
Tigers
Habitat: Tropical secondary forest
Adaptations: Opposable thumb enables manipulation of objects; big toe also opposable for grasping.
Large and powerful arms used to break stalks or uproot vegetation while foraging.
High intelligence probably an adaptation for finding scarce or isolated fruit plants in the rain forest.
Gorillas
Habitat: Dry deserts
Adaptations: Spines serve a number of purposes in addition to protection from hungry and thirsty animals.
They provide shade, serve as a windbreak to prevent dehydration from dry winds, and help trap warm air close to the plant.
Root systems of cacti are very close to the surface of the soil, making it possible for them to take advantage of the slightest rain shower.
Cacti
Habitat: Underwater
Adaptations: Little or no mechanical strengthening tissue in stems. If these plants are removed from the water, they hang limply. They are normally supported by water all around them and so have no need of mechanical strengthening.
Air-filled cavities often extend throughout the leaves and stems of aquatic plants, providing an internal atmosphere.
Algae
Air Plants
(Tillandsias)
HabitatNative to the American Tropics
Due to their amazing adaptation, they can live in a wide variety of climates.
Prefers rocky areas
Needs to have some moisture in the air but not too much like a rainforest
Loves sunlight
AdaptationsCapture all required water and nutrients via small scales on the leaf surface rather than through roots
They are able to conserve water and never need watering or to be planted in soil
Habitat:
Adaptations:
Ants
Habitat:
Adaptations:
Koalas
Habitat:
Adaptations:
Bandicoots
Habitat:
Adaptations:
Tiger snake
What is the environment your animal lives in?
Grassland
Grassy woodland
Heathy woodland
Swamp
Wetlands
Wet Heath
Design your animal to live in a particular part of the Cranbourne botanical gardens
When you are designing your animal what do you think you will need to consider?
Size, colour and shape
Body structure
Its diet
How it moves
How it catches food? Gets water?
Where does it shelter?
How does it defend itself against predators
How does it keep warm/cool?
How does it reproduce / care for its young?
So what adaptations are you going to give your animal to survive in the environment you chose?