INTRODUCTION TO INFRASTUCTURE FOR HUMAN

SETTLEMENTS

DEEPAK KU.HANSDAH211020073B.PLANNING2ND YEAR,3RD SEM

DIFFERENT TYPES OF

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LAY

OUT

DEAD END SYSTEM GRID-IRON SYSTEM RING SYSTEM RADIAL SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES: Distribution network can be

solved easily. Possible to easily and accurately

calculate the discharge and pressures at different points.

Shorter pipe lengths are needed, and the laying of pipes is easier . less no of cut off valve required.

It is cheap and simple, and can be extended easily.

DISADVANTAGES: Water can reach a particular

point only through one way .This may cause big problem by the time of fire.

If damage occurs in a main pipe or in sub- main pipe, considerable area may get affected.

There are numerous dead ends in this system, which prevent the free circulation of water. This stagnation of water may lead to the degradation in its quality.

By providing scour valves at each dead end, this stale water can be remove, this will result in a greater wastage of treated water.

SLUICE VALVE SCOUR VALVE

The  sluice valve, also known as gate valve,  that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate/wedge out of the path of the fluid.

These valves are used  to clean the pipe line.

• This system is more suitable for well planned towns and cities

• Water can reaches at different places through more than one route.

• In case of repairs, very small area will be devoid of complete supply or water can be supply through other route.

• Because of the different inter-connections , the dead ends are completely eliminated.

• During fire ,more water can be diverted towards the affected points

DISADVANTAGES:• This system requires more

length of pipe lines and a larger no of sluice valves.

• Its construction is costlier. The calculating for detailed mining accurately the sizes of the pipes and pressures at various key point

• This system is also called circular system.

• The distribution area is divided into rectangular or circular blocks , and the main water pipes are laid on the periphery of these blocks .

• The sub mains lines are placed in between the main lines

• The ring system is very suitable for towns and cities having well planned roads

• If a city or town is having a system of radial roads emerging from different centers, the pipe lines can be best laid in a radial method by placing the distribution reservoirs at these centers.

• In this system, water , is therefore, taken from the water mains, and pumped in to the distribution reservoirs placed at different centers . The water is then supplied through radially laid distribution

• This method ensures high pressures and efficient water distribution.

STORAGE RESERVOIR

FUNCTION OF STORAGE RESERVOIR

• ABSORB THE HOURLY VARIATION IN DEMAND

• MAINTAINES CONSTANT PRESSURE• SUPPLY WATER IN EMERGENCIES• LEAD TO AN OVER ALL ECONOMY

DISTRIBUTION OF RESERVOIR

( DEPENDING UPON THEIR ELEVATION WITH RESPECT TO THE GROUND)

• SURFACE RESERVOIRS• ELEVATED

RESERVOIRS

SURFACE RESERVOIRS ELEVATED RESERVOIRS

CONSTRUCTED AT GROUND LEVEL OR BELOW THE GROUND LEVEL.

GENERALLY CONSTUCTED AT HIGH POINTS IN THE CITY

MAINLY BASED ON GRAVITATIONAL SYSTEM.

CHEAP BUT NOT AS GOOD AS ELEVATED RESERVOIRS

CONSTRUCTED ABOVE THE GROUND LEVEL

THESE OVER HEAD TANKS ERECTED AT A CERTAIN SUITABLE ELEVATION ABOVE THE GROUND LEVEL AND SUPPORTED ON TOWERS.

BASED ON COMBINED GRAVITY AND PUMPING SYSTEM.

CHEAP, EFFICIENT AND RLIABLE