Distribution and Occurrence of Benthic Foraminifera ... · 2 - Benthic foraminifera. Foraminifera are marine unicellular protozoa that secrete a shell (test) of calcium carbonate;

Distribution and Occurrence of Benthic Foraminifera (Protozoa)

in the Georges River: An Environmental Assessment

November 2011

With support from

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Disclaimer: The Lower Georges River Sustainability Initiative, Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority and Sutherland Council have commissioned this study in good faith exercising all due care and attention, but no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to the relevance, accuracy, completeness or fitness for purpose of this document in respect of any particular user’s circumstances. Users of this document should satisfy themselves concerning its application to, and where necessary seek expert advice in respect of, their situation. This Report was written by:

Alberto D. Albani School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences

University of New South Wales, Sydney Project Managed and Reviewed by: Col Freeman (Lower Georges River Sustainability Initiative), and John Dahlenburg (Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority) ISBN 978‐0‐7313‐3991‐4 © November 2011 Lower Georges River Sustainability Initiative, Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority and Sutherland Shire Council. This material may be reproduced for non‐commercial purpose in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and the source is acknowledged.

Acknowledgements This work has been funded by contributions from Lower Georges River Sustainability Initiative, Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority and Sutherland Shire Council and assisted by the NSW Government with funding through the Environmental Trust and the Australian Government though the Caring for Our Country program.

The Lower Georges River Sustainability Initiative is a partnership between Kogarah City Council, Hurstville City Council, Rockdale City Council, Sutherland Shire Council, the Georges River Combined Councils' Committee and the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority.

With funding support from:

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Contents

1 – Introduction....................................................................... 4

2 – Benthic foraminifera.......................................................... 5

3 – Methodology..................................................................... 6

4 – Results

4.1 Foraminiferal Assemblages.................................. 10

4.2 Foraminiferal Biotopes...........................................14

4.3 Foraminiferal species............................................ 17

5 – Conclusions and Recommendations...............................19

6 – References..................................................................... 21

7 – Appendix........................................................................ 24

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1 - Introduction

During the last several decades the human impact on the marine environment

has increased enormously, in particular on the coastal zone with much of the

recent urban developments adjacent to or overlooking waterways. One of the

difficulties in establishing the level of environmental stress is the lack of

reference base levels and a suitable methodology for the treatment of long-

term data. Any attempt to evaluate physical-chemical parameters of the water

masses is, by the very nature of the measurement methodology, time related;

it gives only a snapshot of the environment. While this approach is valid for an

immediate response to environmental disasters, either for a punitive action

or/and for a remedial action, it fails to detect and monitor subtle long-term

changes in the water qualities.

A permanent record of these events is, however, available in the beds of our

waterways; the distribution of benthic organisms and the sediment

geochemistry reflect very closely the behaviour and quality of the water

masses they interact with.

The effects of quality changes, even slight but persistent in time, have

cumulative effects on the seabed. Some benthic life is affected by the

concentrations of the heavy metals in the sediments and, in turn, humans can

also be affected via the food chain. Other organisms are mainly affected by

the water quality and thus reflect the prevailing conditions at the sampling site.

The methodology here described has been applied with success to Australian

waters such as Broken Bay, Cowan Creek, Brisbane Waters, Port Hacking

and Botany Bay. Within the Botany Bay Catchment the following areas have

been investigated: Botany Bay (Albani, 2008), Cooks River, Scarborough

Ponds (Albani, 2005; Albani et al., 2011), Kyle Bay (Albani, 2007). In coastal

environments characterised by industrial pressures it has been possible to

identify areas with significant ecological abnormality (Albani, 1993; Albani, et

al., 1984; Albani et al., 1991; Albani et al., 1998; Serandrei Barbero et al.,

1997; Serandrei Barbero et al., 2004). In addition, the methodology adopted

5

here has made it possible to monitor time-related environmental changes

internationally (Albani et al., 2007, 2010; Serandrei Barbero et al., 2006) in

estuarine environments.

The sediment distribution and the geochemical characteristics of Georges

River have been presented in a separate report (Albani and Rickwood, 2010).

2 - Benthic foraminifera.

Foraminifera are marine unicellular protozoa that secrete a shell (test) of

calcium carbonate; their size generally ranges from 0.1 to 2 mm. They are

very sensitive to variations in the physical-chemical characteristics of their

environment such as salinity, temperature, food availability and water

qualities. The high abundance of individuals (population) and the considerable

variety of species (assemblage) present in a small sample of the bottom

sediment, even in a restricted environment, make it possible to recognise any

slight changes in the total assemblage, as well as in the various populations.

Often these differences are not in the presence or absence of various

species, i.e. at the assemblage level, but in the relative abundance of the

various species.

Because of their short life span, approximately 9-12 months, and the fact that

they secrete a shell, the occurrence of foraminifera is not restricted to the time

of the sampling and it offers a time-integrated view of the water qualities.

If the main aim is to recognise ecologically similar environments, it is desirable

to adopt a technique that would tend to minimise seasonal variations. Both

living and dead individuals are considered, thus eliminating the problem of

repetitive sampling due to seasonal variations; an integrated view that

includes seasonal variations is obtained. Temporary changes in conditions,

which although may produce drastic but short lived effects on the benthic

population, have little impact on the overall data base as the span of time of

the sampled population may be of a few years. Only those persistent

conditions that affect permanently the overall assemblage can be recognised.

Because of these capabilities, the benthic foraminifera are an ideal group of

organisms for long term monitoring purposes.

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In recent years numerous studies conducted along the eastern coast of

Australia and overseas have shown that benthic foraminifera can be very

effectively used to delineate ecological provinces (biotopes). The level at

which the various sediment samples link together to form the biotope, is an

expression of faunal similarity.

To be able to recognise such conditions of environmental stress in the

Australian estuaries is of great importance for the remediation, planning and

monitoring programs. In particular for those waterways that are subject to

urban and industrial pressure such as the Cooks River, Georges River and

Botany Bay.

3 - Methodology

Sampling is carried out using a modified “grab sampler” that obtains a sample

of the top 10 cm of the seabed over a surface area of 40 cm2 (Fig. 1). The

grab is easily used from a relatively small vessel (Fig. 2) and the sample

obtained is placed in a plastic bag (Fig. 3). The sampling was conducted over

3 weeks to minimise any variation due to weather conditions.

A portion of 60 cm3 is taken from the original sample (Fig. 4), wet sieved

through a 63µm nylon mesh to eliminate silt and clay. The residue is dried

and the foraminifera concentrated using a floatation method (Fig. 5). The

concentrate generally contains up to 10,000-20,000 individuals; this

assemblage is subdivided using a micro splitter to obtain a representative

assemblage of about 500 - 800 individuals. All the individuals are identified

through microscopic examination (Fig. 6), their number recorded and, finally,

expressed as percentage species population of the total assemblage present

in the sample. In past experience (Serandrei Barbero, 1997) an assemblage

greater than 600 individuals does not change the final percentage value of

each population. The percentage population of each species, with respect to

the total assemblage form the numerical basis for the statistical analysis.

7

Figure 1 – The sampling “grab” in the open position.

Figure 2 – One of the sampling vessels

8

Figure 3 – Seabed samples being transferred into plastic bags

Figure 4 – The samples in plastic bags ready for analysis

9

Figure 5 – The sieving process

Figure 6 – The samples ready for microscopic examination

10

The data set is processed using a number of statistical approaches, among

which are factor and cluster analyses. The results are shown as a

dendrogram that graphically groups together the samples according to their

level of similarity, based on the composition of the foraminiferal fauna, and

therefore they identify areas of similar environmental conditions (biotopes).

The results are plotted on thematic maps to indicate the distributions of the

various species (Appendix 1) and they reflect the conditions of the

estuary/river bed at the time of sampling and when compared with the results

from similar future studies will reveal time-related changes (environmental

improvements or/and deteriorations), which can form the basis for long-term

monitoring programs.

4 – Results

4.1 – Foraminiferal assemblages.

Sixty samples have been used to evaluate the distribution of the foraminiferal

benthic assemblage in Georges River Estuary (Fig.7).

The Georges River has been traditionally subdivided into an upper section

from the source around Appin to the Liverpool Weir and it consists of fresh

water. The middle section is from Liverpool Weir to Salt Pan Creek and the

lower section from Salt Pan Creek to the river’s mouth in Botany Bay. The

middle and lower sections from Liverpool Weir to Botany Bay are subject to

tidal response.

11

Motorway

GR7

GR10

GR13

GR16

GR24

GR27

GR29

GR31

GR34

GR37

GR41GR48

GR45

GR46

GR51GR54

GR55GR58

GR61

GR62

GR60GR70 GR74

GR72

GR77

GR78GR76

GR64

GR66

GR67GR69

GR80

GR81

GR82

GR55 sampling stations

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

Illawong

Menai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPointWoronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

samples

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW

St. GeorgeMotor Boat Club

channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

KB325

KB324KB323

KB322

KB301

KB302

KB303

KB304

KB305

KB306KB307

KB310KB309

KB308KB311

KB312KB313KB314

KB315KB316

KB317KB318 KB319

KB320

KB326

KB321KB326

Sample Localities

Figure 7 - Locations of the sampling sites used for this study

The large catchment area (960 km2) and the relative small surface area of the

watercourse, 96 km long, but generally narrow, and the high level of

urbanisation are reflected in the variable conditions of the water qualities.

The foraminiferal assemblages reflect this hydrodynamic regime with a large

number of species occurring often in 1 sample only. In order to assess the

difference between a narrow river course and a wider embayment, that

generally offers more stable conditions, Kogarah Bay has been included in the

samples used for this study.

Out of the 60 sampling sites on the Georges River estuary, 6 of them,

equivalent to 10% of the total samples, did not record any benthic

foraminifera.

The numeric distributions of the 41 species found are based on the remaining

54 samples. The numeric treatment of the total assemblages is based on a

data set of 380 data points and the number of individuals in each sample

varies from 6 to 2008.

In Table 1 a summary of the quantitative character of each species is shown

together with the level of occurrence.

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Foraminiferal species average median range occurrence1 Ammodiscus incertus 14.86 0.92 0.78 - 65.91 52 Protoschista findens 4.05 13 Reophax scorpiurus 2.85 2.85 2.05 - 3.64 24 Miliamina fusca 10.46 5.41 0.12 - 41.18 95 Haplofragmoides australensis 37.46 37.77 2.70 - 85.00 186 Ammobaculites subcatenulatus 6.16 4.13 0.68 - 19.35 107 Ammotium cassis 0.83 0.91 0.68 - 0.92 38 Textularia conica 7.66 7.66 7.06 - 8.26 29 Textularia pseudogramen 1.70 1.70 1.55 - 1.85 210 Eggerella australis 11.86 7.14 0.40 - 100.0 3511 Trochammina inflata 4.21 1.70 0.13 - 34.48 2012 Paratrochammina bartrami 19.03 8.53 0.91 - 52.63 513 Tritaxis conica 5.41 5.27 1.85 - 10.34 1014 Spiroloculina communis 0.56 115 Spiroloculina lucida 3.01 2.32 0.12 - 6.49 1116 Quinqueloculina lamarckiana 0.29 0.29 0.28 - 0.30 217 Quinqueloculina oblonga 5.77 2.99 0.81 - 14.55 718 Quinqueloculina seminula 2.27 1.57 0.35 - 5.56 419 Quinqueloculina subpolygona 0.40 120 Quinqueloculina tasmanica 2.99 1.44 0.35 - 9.09 1021 Quinqueloculina tenagos 0.20 122 Quinqueloculina tropicalis 4.96 1.39 0.92 - 16.67 523 Triloculina tricarinata 0.54 124 Miliolinella labiosa 0.10 125 Guttulina problema 2.62 0.78 0.28 - 16.67 1426 Lagena striata strumosa 0.21 0.26 0.10 - 0.28 327 Fissurina fasciata carinata 0.19 0.19 0.10 - 0.28 228 Brizalina striatula 2.29 0.79 0.12 - 16.67 1429 Bolivina robusta 2.49 2.23 0.10 - 5.13 330 Siphogenerina raphana 0.53 0.53 0.26 - 0.80 231 Bulimina gibba 0.60 0.56 0.26 - 1.00 332 Cancris auriculus 0.50 133 Ammonia aoteana 53.29 49.31 1.36 - 100.0 4834 Elphidium advenum advenum 11.36 8.87 0.59 - 42.86 2035 Elphidium advenum limbatum 11.28 9.47 1.11 - 29.03 2336 Elphidium albanii 8.28 6.67 2.55 - 46.15 2837 Elphidium craticulatum 7.46 2.94 0.55 - 21.71 1338 Elphidium hispidulum 0.20 139 Elphidium hawkesburiensis 1.35 0.85 0.82 - 2.39 540 Elphidium lene 8.27 3.99 0.09 - 45.95 2641 Elphidium macellum 1.81 0.71 0.28 - 9.09 8

Table 1 – average, median and range of abundance of each species; occurrence is in number of sampling sites in which each species is present.

13

Of the 6 sampling sites without benthic foraminifera 4 are likely to be linked to

water quality conditions and land use:

GR7 – close to the Sewage Works at Warwick Farm and receiving water

inputs from Lake Monroe.

GR31 – just downstream from the Holsworthy Sewage Treatment Plant that

was decommissioned in 2008.

GR34 – off Pleasure Point, sewered in 2001 with a reduction of the septic

tanks leakages

GR46 – Salt Pan Creek downstream from the industrial estates.

GR58 – off Gungah Bay. The SewerFix programme (2006-2008) reduced wet

weather overflows.

GR51 may require a closer investigation of the River, the land use and the

location of effluent from drains.

Upstream from Sandy Point the benthic fauna (Fig. 8) becomes restricted to 1

or 2 species only, while the greatest diversity is in the most downstream

portion of the study area with a maximum of 24 species.

A greater influence of the tidal flow appears to be reflected in such great

diversity.

Motorway

no benthicforaminifera

A

B50 percentile

2

C90 percentile 13

7

Dmaximum 24

minimum

10 percentile

1

Distribution ofthe number of

species(assemblage diversity)

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 8 – Distribution of the number of species throughout the study area.

14

A similar pattern is exhibited by the number of individuals present at each

station (Fig.9) but with a more regular increase from Chipping Norton to Taren

Point.

The only exceptions, with low diversity, are at GR60, just off the railway bridge

at Como and GR72 in the downstream section of Oatley Bay. At these

locations a more intensive monitoring program should be considered.

The relatively small catchment area of the Woronora River and the stability of

its soil cover (i.e. bushland) determine a lower level of sediment input

reflected in a higher number of benthic individuals. Kogarah Bay shows a

similar pattern.

Motorway

Distribution ofthe number of

individuals(assemblage abundance)


minimum

10 percentile

50 percentile

90 percentile

maximum

6

13

63

688

2008

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

313

308

307

Figure 9 – Distribution of the number of individuals throughout the study area.

4.2 – Foraminiferal Biotopes

Q-mode cluster analysis has been applied to the total data set. The similarity

matrix has been generated using the Euclidean distance coefficient and the

15

output has been plotted as a dendrogram, which graphically represents the

links between stations on the basis of the levels of faunal similarity.

Seven groups have been recognised and interpreted (Fig. 10).

Inner Bay

Outer Bay

Inner Estuary

Outer Estuary

locally modified

Environment Biotope

Bay(Kogarah Bay)

Estuary(Georges River)

Inner Marine

Figure 10 – Foraminiferal Biotopes and environmental considerations.

The Biotopes are labelled following their predominant occurrence in the study

area (Fig. 11).

Motorway


Benthicforaminiferal

biotopes

Inner Bay

Outer Bay

Inner Estuary

Outer Estuary

locally modified

Environment Biotope

Bay(Kogarah Bay)

Estuary(Georges River)

Inner Marine

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 11 – Distribution of the Biotopes in the study area.

16

Table 2 – Distribution of each species within the Biotopes.

F o rami n i fe ral species E1 E2 B1 B 2 T 1 Ammod i scu s i n certus2 Pro t osch i st a f i n d ens3 R e o pha x sco rpi u rus4 Mi l i ami n a f u sca 5 H a p l ofra g mo i d es australensis6 Ammob a cu l i t e s su bcatenulatus7 Ammot i u m ca ssi s 8 T e xt ula ri a co n i ca 9 T e xt ula ri a p se u d o gramen1 0 Eg g erel l a a u st ral i s 1 1 T ro chammi n a i n f l a ta1 2 Pa ra troch a mmi na bartrami1 3 T ri t a xis co n i ca 1 4 Sp i rolo cu l i na co mmunis1 5 Sp i rolo cu l i na l u ci d a1 6 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a l a marckiana1 7 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a o blonga1 8 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a seminula1 9 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a subpolygona2 0 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a t a smanica2 1 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a t e nagos2 2 Qu i n qu e l o cu l i n a t ropicalis2 3 T ri l o cul i n a t ri ca ri n ata2 4 Mi l i olinel l a l a b i o sa 2 5 Gu t t ulin a p rob l e ma2 6 L a g e na st ri a t a st ru mosa2 7 F i ssurin a f asci a t a carinata2 8 Bri zalin a st ri a t u l a 2 9 Bo l i vina ro b u st a 3 0 Si ph og e ne ri n a rap hana3 1 Bu l i min a g i b b a 3 2 C a n cris au ri cu l u s 3 3 Ammon i a a o t e a n a 3 4 El ph i diu m a d ve n u m advenum3 5 El ph i diu m a d ve n u m limbatum3 6 El ph i diu m a l b a n i i 3 7 El phidi u m crat i cu l atum3 8 El ph i diu m h i sp i d u l um3 9 El ph i diu m h aw kesburiensis4 0 El ph i diu m l e n e 4 1 El ph i diu m ma ce l l u mE 1 ‐ I n n er Est u ary; E2 O uter Estuary; B1‐ Inner Bay; B2‐ Outer Bay;T ‐ I n n er M ari n e

17

Three environments are clearly identified; open Bay, Estuary and Inner

Marine that extends in the outer portion of Kogarah Bay. In addition 4

sampling sites, 2 each in the Estuary and the Bay appear to be related to local

inputs possibly from urbanisation and they are labelled as “locally modified”.

Some further environmental assessment is suggested. In Kogarah Bay the

inputs seem to be associated with the stormwater outlets as both stations are

in proximity of the same input source.

It must be noted that the distributions of the Foraminiferal Biotopes along the

Georges River, downstream from the weir, closely coincide with the

traditionally established subdivisions of the River itself.

The composition of each Biotope is tabulated in Table 2. 4.3 – Foraminiferal species The distribution of the 41 foraminiferal species is closely linked to the

environmental conditions prevailing in the different sections of the Georges

River.

A great number of species (14 = 34% of the foraminiferal fauna) occur in 10%

or less of the sampling sites and only 7 (= 17% of the fauna) occur more than

90% of the stations (Fig. 12).

2 14 19 21 23 24 32 38 3 8 9 16 27 30 7 26 29 31 18 1 12 22 39 17 41 4 6 13 20 14 37 25 28 5 11 34 35 40 36 10 33

10

20

30

40

50

0

number ofstations

1050

90percentile

foraminiferal species

S1 (rare)

S2 (frequent) S3 (common)

S4(v. common)

Figure 12 – Distribution of the foraminiferal species (see identifiers, Tables 1, 2) according to the number of stations in which they occur.

18

They can be subdivided into four groups according to their occurrence.

Group S1 – It is composed by rare species occurring generally in 1 or 2

sampling sites. Nine of them (species 14, 16, 19, 21, 24, 27, 30, 32, 38) are

restricted to the Inner Marine Biotope that benefits from the influx of marine

waters; two species are present in the Kogarah Outer Bay (9, 23) and 2 in the

Outer Estuary (3, 8). Only one species (2) is present in the Inner Estuary. The

Inner Marine Biotope has the greatest diversity of all the biotopes and reflects

the marine input.

Group S2 – This group consists of the 50 percentile of the fauna (9 species =

22% of the total fauna) and again the Inner Marine Biotope shows a slightly

richer fauna with 5 species (18, 26, 29, 31, 39) while the remaining 4 species

are present in the estuary (1, 7, 12, 22).

Group S3 – Common species form this group (11 species = 27% of the total

fauna). They show a much wider occurrence although with some selective

presence. Three species (17, 25, 41) are present in the Inner Marine and in

the Inner and Outer (Kogarah) Bay Biotopes; 2 (6, 15) are present in the Inner

Marine and Estuary Biotopes, 4 species (4, 5, 13, 28) occur in the Estuary

and Bay while 2 (20, 37) in Kogarah Bay only.

Group S4 – Only 7 species (equivalent to 17% of the fauna) are very

common and occur in most sampling sites. Three (10, 11, 33) are the most

cosmopolitan species in the study area, while 2 (34, 36) are present only in

the Outer Estuary and Kogarah Bay Biotopes. Two more (35, 40) occur in the

outer portion of the Estuary and in Kogarah Bay environments.

While these distributions are the results of the present sampling program, the

variability of the environmental parameters may generate a slightly different

pattern if sampling is repeated after a long period of relative uniform

conditions, both climatic and land use.

19

In the Appendix the distributions of each individual species are shown as

thematic maps. The identifications are based on the Interactive Computer

Catalogue (Albani et al. 2001) and the illustrations are also from that

catalogue as well as from a number of publications (Albani, 1968, 1970, 1974,

1978, 1981; Albani and Yassini, 1989, 1994, Lewis, 2006).

5 – Conclusions and Recommendations

The distribution of the benthic foraminiferal species reflects the predominant

hydrodynamic behaviour of the water masses flowing along the Georges

River and its Bays and tributaries. The patchiness of the “rare” and “frequent”

species responds to the variability of the environmental conditions.

The overall distribution supports the geographical subdivision of the river

course into middle and lower sections; however, the section downstream from

Bald Face Point reflects more the input of the tidal waters from Botany Bay

with the consequent enrichment of the benthic fauna (Inner Marine Biotope).

In the most outer portion of the estuary some pelagic foraminifera, which are

transported by the marine currents, have been found (Fig. 13).

Motorway


pelagic foraminifera

2 stations3.70 %

0.40 - 078

Globigerina bulloides Neogloboquadrina dutertreiCabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 13 – Distribution of some pelagic foraminifera

20

The restricted circulation within Sylvania Waters is also reflected in the

distribution of the foraminiferal fauna that assume a character typical of the

most inner sections of the estuary.

A number of sampling sites did not record any benthic foraminifera and, while

some are closely related to anthropogenic local inputs (GR7, GR31, GR34,

GR46 and GR58) one, GR51 off Little Moon Bay, requires a closer attention.

In case of Gungah Bay it should be noted that a study of Kyle Bay (Albani,

2007) did not find benthic foraminifera, possibly suggesting that these shallow

bays may often assume brackish conditions. It is recommended that these

localities be examined further and a re-sampling program carried out as soon

as practicable.

Low diversity, compared with nearby samples, occur at GR60, just off the

railway bridge at Como and GR72 in the downstream section of Oatley Bay.

At these locations additional sampling should be considered to verify these

findings.

This study forms a baseline data set that should be considered an initial point

for time related assessment of the Georges River. If the hydrodynamics of the

water flow within Georges River are modified in response to the potential sea

level rise. Also if the hydrodynamics and water quality of the estuary is

altered, as a result of the treatment of stormwater pollution (quality and

quantity) from urban development or, conversely, if urban densification occurs

without improving stormwater treatment, a comparison between the

distributions of benthic foraminifera from this study and a new future sampling

program may offer an understanding of the effects and consequences of

these events or changes in management practices.

21

6 - References ALBANI, A.D., 1968. Recent Foraminiferida from Port Hacking, New South

Wales. Contribution of the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 19: 85-119.

ALBANI, A.D., 1970. A foraminiferal fauna from the Eastern Continental Shelf

of Australia. Contribution of the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 21: 71-77

ALBANI, A.D., 1974. New benthonic Foraminiferida from Australian Waters.

Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 2: 33-39. ALBANI, A.D., 1978. Recent foraminifera of an estuarine environment in

Broken Bay, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 29: 355-398.

ALBANI, A.D., 1981. Sedimentary environments and Pleistocene chronology

of the Botany Basin, N.S.W., Australia. Geo-marine Letters, 1: 163-167. ALBANI, A.D., 1993 - Use of benthonic foraminifera to evaluate the

environmental characteristics of Port Hacking: significance for coastal engineering works and pollution; pp. 28-37. In McNALLY, G., KNIGHT, M. and SMITH, R, (Ed), Collected Case Studies in Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Geological Society of Australia , 137 pp.

ALBANI, A.D., 2005 – Cooks River Survey – prepared for the Environmental

Services of the Marrickville Council. 51 pp. www.canterbury.nsw.gov.au/www/html/223-cooks-river-survey.asp

ALBANI, A.D., 2007 - Kyle Bay Survey – bottom morphology and sediment

study. Prepared for the environmental unit of Kogarah Council. ALBANI, A.D., 2008 – Environmental Assessment of Botany Bay, N.S.W. –

prepared for the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority. 57 pp. www.sydney.cma.nsw.gov.au/bbcci

ALBANI,A.D., DONNICI, S., SERANDREI BARBERO, R. and RICKWOOD,

P.C., 2010 – Seabed sediments and foraminifera over the Lido Inlet: Comparison between 1983 and 2006 distribution patterns. Continental Shelf Research, 30: 847-858.

ALBANI, A.D., EDWARDS, D. and HYDE, M., 2011- Cooks River Survey, Part

2, Cores. Prepared for the Rockdale, Marrickville and Canterbury City Councils. 66 pp.

22

ALBANI, A.D., FAVERO, V. and SERANDREI BARBERO, R., 1984. Benthonic foraminifera as indicators of intertidal environments. Geo-marine Letters . 4: 43-47.

ALBANI, A.D., FAVERO, V. and SERANDREI BARBERO, R., 1991 - The

distribution and ecological significance of Recent Foraminifera in the Lagoon south of Venice. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 23 (2): 129-143.

ALBANI, A.D., FAVERO, V. and SERANDREI BARBERO, R., 1998 -

Distribution of Sediment and Benthic Foraminifera in the Gulf of Venice, Italy. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 46 (2): 252-265

ALBANI, A.D., HAYWARD, B.W., GRENFELL, H.R. and LOMBARDO, R.,

2001. Foraminifera from the South Pacific. Australian Biological resources Study. CD-ROM.

ALBANI, A.D. and RICKWOOD, P.C., 2010 – An environmental assessment

of Georges River. Prepared for the Sydney Metropolitan CMA. 106 pp. www.sydney.cma.nsw.gov.au/bbcci

ALBANI, A.D., SERANDREI BARBERO, R., DONNICI, S., 2007 –

Foraminiferal Biotopes as biological indicators in estuarine monitoring programs. Ecological Indicators, 7: 239-253

ALBANI, A.D. and YASSINI, I., 1989 - Taxonomy and Distribution of Shallow

Water Lagenid Foraminifera from the South Eastern Coast of Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 40 (4): 369-401.

ALBANI, A.D. and YASSINI, I., 1994 - Taxonomy and distribution of the

Family Elphidiidae (Foraminiferida) from shallow Australian Waters. UNSW Centre for Marine Science, Technical Contribution Series, No. 5, 54 pp.

LEWIS, D., 2006 - Modern and Recent Seafloor Environments (Sedimentary,

Foraminiferal and Ostracode) of the Pitt Water Estuary, South-east Tasmania - PhD thesis (unpublished), School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart

SERANDREI BARBERO, R, ALBANI, A.D. and ZECCHETTO, S., 1997 -

Palaeoenvironmental significance of a benthic foraminiferal fauna from an archaeological excavation in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 136: 41-52

SERANDREI BARBERO, R., ALBANI, A.D. and BONARDI, M., 2004 -

Ancient and modern salt marshes in the Lagoon of Venice. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 202: 229-244

SERANDREI BARBERO, R, ALBANI, A.D. and ZECCHETTO, S., 1997 -

Palaeoenvironmental significance of a benthic foraminiferal fauna from

23

an archaeological excavation in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 136: 41-52

SERANDREI BARBERO, R, ALBANI, A.D., DONNICI, S. and RIZZETTO, F.,

2006 – Past and recent sedimentation rates in the Lagoon of Venice (Northern Italy). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 69: 255-269

24

7 – Appendix

Thematic maps representing the distribution of all the species

recorded in the study area. The species are listed in their

taxonomic order (= identifiers, see Tables 1 and 2); identifications

and illustrations are based on the Interactive Computer Catalogue

(Albani, 2001).

The number of stations represents the number of sampling sites.

25

Motorway

no presencerecorded

Ammodiscus incertus (d’Orbigny)

minimum

average

maximum

0.78

14.86

65.91

65.91

occurrence

5 stations9.26 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 14 – Distribution of Ammodiscus incertus (d’Orbigny) [species 1]

Motorway

Protoschista findens (Parker)

4.05

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

26

Figure 15 – Distribution of Protoschista findens (Parker) [species 2]

Motorway

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort

occurrence

2 stations18.52 %

2.05 - 3.64

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 16 – Distribution of Reophax scorpiurus Montfort [species 3]

Motorway

Miliammina fusca (Brady)

minimum

average

maximum

0.12

10.46

41.18

41.18

occurrence

9 stations16.79 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 17 – Distribution of Miliammina fusca (Brady) [species 4]

27

Motorway

Haplophragmoides australensis Albani

occurrence

18 stations33.33%

minimum

average

average+ 1SD

maximum

2.70

37.46

59.68

85.00

85.00

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 18 – Distribution of Haplophragmoides australensis Albani [species 5]

Motorway

Ammobaculites subcatenulatum Warren

minimum

average

maximum

0.68

6.16

19.35

19.35

occurrence

10 stations18.52 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 19 – Distribution of Ammobaculites subcatenulatum Warren [species 6]

28

Motorway

no presencerecorded

Ammotium cassis Parker

0.68 - 0.92

occurrence

3 stations5.56 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 20 – Distribution of Ammotium cassis Parker [species 7]

Motorway


Textularia conica d’Orbigny

occurrence

2 stations3.70 %

7.06 - 8.26

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 21 – Distribution of Textularia conica d’Orbigny [species 8]

29

Motorway

Textularia pseudogramen Chapman and Parr

occurrence

2 stations3.70 %

1.55 - 1.85

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 22 – Distribution of Textularia pseudogramen Chapman and Parr [species 9]

Motorway

Eggerella australis Collins

occurrence

35 stations18.52 %

minimum

average

average+ 1SD

maximum

0.40

11.86

33.64

100.00

100

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 23 – Distribution of Eggerella australis Collins [species 10]

30

Motorway

Trochammina inflata (Montagu)

minimum

average

maximum

0.13

4.21

34.48

34.48

occurrence

20 stations37.04 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 24 – Distribution of Trochammina inflata (Montagu) [species 11]

Motorway

Paratrochammina bartrami (Hedley, Hurdle & Burdett)

minimum

average

maximum

0.91

19.03

52.63

52.63

occurrence

5 stations9.26 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 25 – Distribution of Paratrochammina bartrami Hedley, Hurdle & Burdett [species 12] (Image after Lewis 2006)

31

Motorway

Tritaxis conica (Parker and Jones)

minimum

average

maximum

1.85

5.41

10.34

10.34

occurrence

10 stations18.52 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 26 – Distribution of Tritaxis conica (Parker and Jones) [species 13]

Motorway

Spiroloculina communis Cushman and Todd

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

0.56

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 27 – Distribution of Spiroloculina communis Cushman and Todd [species 14]

32

Motorway

Spiroloculina lucida Cushman and Todd

minimum

average

maximum

0.12

3.01

6.49

6.49

occurrence

11 stations20.37 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 28 – Distribution of Spiroloculina lucida Cushman and Todd [species 15]

Motorway

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d’Orbigny

occurrence

2 stations3.70 %

0.28 - 0.30

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 29 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina lamarckiana d’Orbigny [species 16]

33

Motorway

Quinqueloculina oblonga (Montagu)

minimum

average

maximum

0.81

5.77

14.55

14.55

occurrence

7 stations12.96 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 30 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina oblonga (Montagu) [species 17]

Motorway

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linnè)

occurrence

4 stations7.41 %

no presencerecorded

minimum

average

maximum

0.35

2.27

5.56

5.56

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 31 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina seminula (Linnè) [species 18]

34

Motorway

Quinqueloculina subpolygona Parr

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

no presencerecorded

0.40

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 32 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina subpolygona Parr [species 19]

Motorway

Quinqueloculina tasmanica Albani

minimum

average

maximum

0.35

2.99

9.09

9.09

occurrence

10 stations18.52 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 33 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina tasmanica Albani [species 20]

35

Motorway


Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

0.20

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 34 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker [species 21]

Motorway


Quinqueloculina tropicalis Cushman

minimum

average

maximum

0.92

4.96

16.67

16.67

occurrence

5 stations9.26 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 35 – Distribution of Quinqueloculina tropicalis Cushman [species 22]

36

Motorway


Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

0.54

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 36 – Distribution of Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny [species 23]

Motorway


Miliolinella labiosa (d’Orbigny)

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

0.10

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 37 – Distribution of Miliolinella labiosa (d’Orbigny) [species 24]

37

Motorway


Guttulina problema d’Orbigny

minimum

average

maximum

0.28

2.62

16.67

16.67

occurrence

14 stations25.93 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 38 – Distribution of Guttulina problema d’Orbigny [species 25]

Motorway


Lagena striata strumosa Reuss

occurrence

3 stations5.56 %

0.10 - 0.28

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 39 – Distribution of Lagena striata strumosa Reuss [species 26]

38

Motorway


Fissurina fasciata carinata (Sidebottom)

occurrence

2 stations3.70 %

0.10 - 0.28

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 40 – Distribution of Fissurina fasciata carinata (Sidebottom) [species 27]

Motorway


Brizalina striatula (Cushman)

minimum

average

maximum

0.12

2.29

16.67

16.67

occurrence

14 stations25.93 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 41 – Distribution of Brizalina striatula (Cushman) [species 28]

39

Motorway


Bolivina robusta Brady

occurrence

3 stations5.56 %

0.10 - 5.13

5.13

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 42 – Distribution of Bolivina robusta Brady [species 29]

Motorway


Siphogenerina raphana (Parker and Jones)

occurrence

2 stations3.70 %

0.26 - 2.80

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 43 – Distribution of Siphogenerina raphana (Parker and Jones) [species 30]

40

Motorway


Bulimina gibba Fornasini

occurrence

3 stations5.56 %

0.26 - 1.00

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 44 – Distribution of Bulimina gibba Fornasini [species 31]

Motorway


Cancris auriculus (Fitchel and Moll)

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

0.50

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 45 – Distribution of Cancris auriculus (Fitchel and Moll) [species 32]

41

Motorway

Ammonia aoteana (Finlay)

minimum

average

average+ 1SD

maximum

1.36

53.29

79.50

100.00

100

occurrence

48 stations88.90 %

no presencerecorded

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

310

Figure 46 – Distribution of Ammonia aoteana (Finlay) [species 33]

Motorway


Elphidium advenum advenum (Cushman)

minimum

average

maximum

0.59

11.36

42.86

42.86

occurrence

20 stations37.04 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 47 – Distribution of Elphidium advenum advenum (Cushman) [species 34]

42

Motorway


Elphidium advenum limbatum (Chapman)

occurrence

23 stations42.59 %

minimum

average

average+ 1SD

maximum

1.11

11.28

19.87

29.03

29.03

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 48 – Distribution of Elphidium advenum limbatum (Chapman) [species 35]

Motorway


Elphidium albanii Hayward

occurrence

28 stations51.85 %

minimum

average

average+ 1SD

maximum

2.55

8.28

17.08

46.15

46.15

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 49 – Distribution of Elphidium albanii Hayward [species 36]

43

Motorway


Elphidium craticulatum (Fitchel and Moll)

minimum

average

maximum

0.55

7.46

21.71

21.71

occurrence

13 stations24.07 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 50 – Distribution of Elphidium craticulatum (Fitchel and Moll) [species 37]

Motorway


Elphidium hispidulum Cushman

occurrence

1 station1.85 %

0.20

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 51 – Distribution of Elphidium hispidulum Cushman [species 38]

44

Motorway


Elphidium hawkesburiensis (Albani)

minimum

average

maximum

0.82

1.35

2.39

2.39

occurrence

5 stations9.26 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 52 – Distribution of Elphidium hawkesburiensis (Albani) [species 39]

Motorway


Elphidium lene Cushman and McCulloch

occurrence

26 stations48.15 %

minimum

average

average+ 1SD

maximum

0.09

8.27

18.26

45.95

45.95

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 53 – Distribution of Elphidium lene Cushman and McCulloch [species 40]

45

Motorway


Elphidium macellum (Fitchel and Moll)

minimum

average

maximum

0.28

1.81

9.09

9.09

occurrence

8 stations14.81 %

Cabramatta

WarwickFarm

ChippingNorton

Moorebank

Holsworthy

VoyagerPoint

PleasurePoint

SandyPoint

Panania

East Hills

Revesby62 42 000 62 42 000

62 41 000

62 40 000

62 43 00062 43 000

62 45 000

62 46 000

62 47 000

62 41 000

Padstow

Picnic Point

Peakhurst

Lugarno

IllawongMenai

Salt PanCreek

ComoOysterBay

Sylvania

OatleyHurstville

Blakehurst

Kogarah

TarenPoint

Woronora

62 40 000

62 39 000

62 38 000

62 36 000

62 35 000

62 34 000

62 37 000

62 34 000

62 35 000

62 36 000

62 37 000

62 38 000

62 39 000

62 33 000

62 45 000

62 47 000

62 46 000

3 13 0003 10 0003 09 000

3 11 000

3 10 000

3 12 000 3 13 000 3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 17 000

3 18 000 3 20 000 3 21 000 3 22 000 3 23 000

3 14 000 3 15 000 3 16 000 3 18 000

3 24 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

3 24 0003 23 0003 22 0003 21 0003 20 000 3 25 000 3 26 000 3 27 000

Georges RiverN.S.W.

0 1 2

km

326000 E 327000 E

St. KildaPoint

CARSSPARK

BlakehurstBaths

327000 E326000 E

KOGARAHBAY, NSW


channel

channel

storm wateroutlet

Stormwaterchannel

6237000 N

6237500 N

6236500 N

6237000 N

6236500 N

6236000 N

Kogarah BayCreek

SansSouci

Figure 54 – Distribution of Elphidium macellum (Fitchel and Moll) [species 41]

Documents

Distribution and Occurrence of Benthic Foraminifera ... · 2 - Benthic foraminifera. Foraminifera are marine unicellular protozoa that secrete a shell (test) of calcium carbonate;