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H ELSINKI U NIVERSITY OF T ECHNOLOGY. Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchically under Frequent Location Updates. D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen, T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen TSE-Institute Telecommunications and Software Engineering Laboratory of Information Processing Science - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchically
under Frequent Location Updates
D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen,
T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen
TSE-Institute
Telecommunications and Software Engineering
Laboratory of Information Processing Science
Helsinki University of Technology
Finland
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
• a need to support efficient and seamless roaming with e.g. multimedia applications
• scaling mobility over the subnet boundaries
• independent of link-layer techniques• real testbed, not only simulated• testing environment for further ideas
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Our solution
HA
Home Network
Mobile Node
CNInternet
FA4 FA5
FA2
HFA1
FA1
FA3 FA6
IEEE 802.11WLAN
Foreign Network,FA hierarchy
Mobile Node
Mobile Node
• partly distributed HA functionality
– ability to send registration replies– tunnel updates within the organization– private addresses may be used within the FA hierarchy
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Signaling
• scales to multiple levels of hierarchy– localized registration are only sent as high
in the hierarchy as needed
• HA's binding lifetime updated separately (forced registration)
• tear-down (session key reset)
• potential race condition
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Security
• shared secret between HA and MN
• session key distribution and usage– session key used for localized registrations– HA as KDC – public key encryption or shared secret
between HA and FA organization– local replay protection
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Localized location update
CN HAInternet
Home Network
WLAN
FA5
FA2
HFA1
FA1
FA3 FA6
Mobile NodeMobile NodeMobile Node
FA4
SFA
FA4FA3
FA1 Foreign Network
FA4
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Localized location update
CN HAInternet
Home Network
WLAN
FA5
FA2
HFA1
FA1
FA4FA3 FA6FA4
Mobile Node
FA5
FA2
SFA
FA2
FA5
FA1
FA4
HFA1
Foreign Network
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Feasible scenarios
• rapidly changing connection type (e.g. GPRS--WLAN)
• Need for optimized location updates
• vehicle connection
• multi-channel environment
• latency between FAs (e.g. radio links between access points)
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Testbed
HA
Home NetworkCN Switch
Delayhost
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
HFA1
FA1 FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4 FA5
FA15
FA6
Organization 1,Foreign Network 1
Mobile NodeIEEE 802.11 WLAN
HFA2
FA7 FA8
FA9
FA16
FA10 FA11 FA12
Organization 2,Foreign Network 2
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
• wireless connection between the MN and the FAs– Lucent's IEEE 802.11
compatible 2 Mbps WLAN adapters in ad hoc mode
• wired connections between mobility agents
• delay host to generate additional latency
HA
CN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4
FA15
FA6
Organization 1,Foreign Network 1
FA1
Home Network
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
FA5
Testbed
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Mobile Node
• two foreign networks • a separate four node non-
hierarchical configuration• mobile node able to roam
within and between the networks
HA
CN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4
FA15
FA6
Organization 1,Foreign Network 1
FA1
Home Network
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
FA5
Testbed
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Mobile Node
• HA & HFAs: Intel Pentium II and Pentium desktops
• lower FAs: 486-based embedded access points (Martnodes)
• MN: Intel Pentium II laptop• all nodes running Linux 2.2
kernels
HA
CN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4
FA15
FA6
Organization 1,Foreign Network 1
FA1
Home Network
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
FA5
Testbed
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Mobile Node
Test methods
• forced location updates
• handoff latency measured in the MN
• data throughput measured with netperf– maximum TCP throughput and paced UDP
streams (about 1.4 Mbps)
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests, Handoff times
HA
Home NetworkCN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4 FA5
FA15
FA6
Organization 1
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
HFA2
FA7 FA8
FA9
FA16
FA10 FA11 FA12
Organization 2
FA1
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests, Handoff times
HA
Home NetworkCN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4 FA5
FA15
FA6
Organization 1
FA1FA1 FA2
FA3 FA5
FA13 FA15
Location update latencies for some transitions
OLD FA
NEW FA
Average in ms
FA1 FA2 24.0FA3 FA5 43.3
FA13 FA15 62.6
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
0
100
200
300
400
0 20 40 60
CN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4 FA5
FA15
FA6
Organization 1
FA1FA1 FA2
FA3 FA5
FA13 FA15
HA
Home Network
Tests, Handoff times
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests, Handoff times
HA
Home NetworkCN Switch
Delayhost
HFA1
FA2
FA3
FA13 FA14
FA4 FA5
FA15
FA6
Organization 1
FA1
Location update latencies for some transitions
FA1 FA2
FA3 FA4
FA13 FA14
OLD FA
NEW FA
Average in ms
FA1 FA2 24.0FA3 FA4 29.8
FA13 FA14 28.7
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests,TCP, no latency
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0
locupds/s
Mb
ps
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests, UDP, no latency
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0
locupds/s
Mb
ps
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests, TCP, 100ms lat.
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0
locupds/s
Mb
ps
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Tests, UDP, 100ms lat.
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0
locupds/s
Mb
ps
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Discussion
• possible to extend Mobile IP to work with frequent local location updates
• possible to construct deeper hierarchies
• packets lost during tunnel establishment– can be optimized when soft handoff is used– performance sensitive to small changes in order of
operations
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Conclusions
• hierarchical FA network has advantages over basic RFC 2002 operations
• our extensions can be useful in settings where latencies exist and fast mobility is required
• possibility to use private addresses
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchically
under Frequent Location Updates
D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen,
T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen
TSE-Institute
Telecommunications and Software Engineering
Laboratory of Information Processing Science
Helsinki University of Technology
Finland
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchically
under Frequent Location Updates
D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen,
T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen
Email{dforsber, jtm, jkmaline, tweckstr, mikko}@cs.hut.fi
WWW
http://www.cs.hut.fi/Research/Dynamics/
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY