Dissention Over Dissention Over Slavery Leads to Slavery Leads to

SecessionSecessionChapters 10.3 – 10.4Chapters 10.3 – 10.4

New Political Parties New Political Parties EmergeEmerge

1852, the Whig party divided when 1852, the Whig party divided when General Winfield Scott became the General Winfield Scott became the Whig nominee for president Whig nominee for president

1852, Democratic candidate 1852, Democratic candidate Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce becomes becomes presidentpresident

1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act brought the end to the Whig party brought the end to the Whig party

One alternative was the secret, One alternative was the secret, Order of the Star-Spangled Banner Order of the Star-Spangled Banner who believed in who believed in nativism nativism

Nativists formed the American Party Nativists formed the American Party in 1854 - soon became known as in 1854 - soon became known as the the Know-Nothing Party Know-Nothing Party

According to the nativists, Catholic According to the nativists, Catholic immigrants were too influenced by immigrants were too influenced by the Pope and might one day try to the Pope and might one day try to overthrow Democracyoverthrow Democracy

Know-Nothing Party members Know-Nothing Party members eventually split over slavery as well eventually split over slavery as well

Antislavery Antislavery Parties FormParties Form

1848, the 1848, the Free Soil Free Soil Party Party elected elected Martin Van Buren for Martin Van Buren for the presidency the presidency

Many Northerners Many Northerners were anti-were anti-abolitionist Free-abolitionist Free-Soilers Soilers

Free-Soliers were Free-Soliers were convinced a convinced a conspiracy existed conspiracy existed to extend slavery to extend slavery throughout the throughout the entire U.S. entire U.S.

The Republican PartyThe Republican Party February 1854, the February 1854, the

new new Republican Republican Party Party was organized was organized in Jackson, Michigan in Jackson, Michigan

Horace Greeley Horace Greeley became one of the became one of the parties foundersparties founders

The party was united The party was united against the Kansas-against the Kansas-Nebraska Act and in Nebraska Act and in keeping slavery out keeping slavery out of new territories of new territories

The Republican Party – The Republican Party – Election of 1856Election of 1856

1856, the Republicans chose 1856, the Republicans chose John C. Fremont John C. Fremont as their presidential candidate as their presidential candidate

The Democrats nominated The Democrats nominated James Buchanan James Buchanan of of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

Buchanan won the election – temporarily keeping Buchanan won the election – temporarily keeping the South satisfied the South satisfied

The election showed the Democrats could win The election showed the Democrats could win with a national candidate who could compete in with a national candidate who could compete in the North without alienating southerners, the the North without alienating southerners, the Know-Nothings were in decline, and the Know-Nothings were in decline, and the Republicans were a force to be reckoned with in Republicans were a force to be reckoned with in the Norththe North

Slavery Dominates Slavery Dominates PoliticsPolitics

1856, the Supreme Court case of 1856, the Supreme Court case of Dred Scott Dred Scott took center stage in took center stage in America America

March 6, 1857 – Chief Justice March 6, 1857 – Chief Justice Roger B. Taney Roger B. Taney handed down the handed down the decision:decision:

Ruled that slaves did not have the Ruled that slaves did not have the rights of citizens rights of citizens

Scott had no claim to freedom, Scott had no claim to freedom, since he was in a slave state when since he was in a slave state when he began his suithe began his suit

Missouri Compromise was Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional unconstitutional

Americans had extreme reactions Americans had extreme reactions to this decision to this decision

President Buchanan made the President Buchanan made the mistake of endorsing the mistake of endorsing the Lecompton Constitution Lecompton Constitution

Stephen Douglas helped draw up Stephen Douglas helped draw up another referendum to the another referendum to the constitutionconstitution

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates The 1858 race for the Illinois senate seat became one of the The 1858 race for the Illinois senate seat became one of the

most famous in American history – Stephen Douglas vs. most famous in American history – Stephen Douglas vs. Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates on the Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates on the issue of slavery in the territories issue of slavery in the territories

Douglas believed in Popular Sovereignty Douglas believed in Popular Sovereignty

Lincoln declared that slavery was immoral Lincoln declared that slavery was immoral

Biggest difference was that Douglas thought slavery would Biggest difference was that Douglas thought slavery would disappear on its own, while Lincoln believed this would disappear on its own, while Lincoln believed this would happen only with legislation outlawing it in the territorieshappen only with legislation outlawing it in the territories

Both men tried to slander the other to make them look badBoth men tried to slander the other to make them look bad

The Freeport DoctrineThe Freeport Doctrine

Lincoln built on the Lincoln built on the Dred Scott decision in Dred Scott decision in order to prove that order to prove that Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty was an empty phrase was an empty phrase

Douglas’ response to Douglas’ response to this became known as this became known as the the Freeport Freeport Doctrine Doctrine

Douglas eventually Douglas eventually won the senate seat, won the senate seat, but his response but his response worsened the split worsened the split between Northern and between Northern and Southern DemocratsSouthern Democrats

Passions IgnitePassions Ignite

October 16, 1859 – John Brown led a slave October 16, 1859 – John Brown led a slave revolt into revolt into Harpers Ferry, Harpers Ferry, VA VA

Brown held sixty prominent citizens hostage Brown held sixty prominent citizens hostage while waiting for their slaves to join his revolt while waiting for their slaves to join his revolt

Brown was eventually hanged after being Brown was eventually hanged after being convicted of treason convicted of treason

Harpers Ferry terrified Southern slaveholdersHarpers Ferry terrified Southern slaveholders

Lincoln is Elected Lincoln is Elected PresidentPresident

The Republican The Republican Convention took place in Convention took place in Chicago Chicago

Lincoln was able to take Lincoln was able to take the nomination over the the nomination over the much more experienced much more experienced Senator William H. Seward Senator William H. Seward

The South saw Lincoln’s The South saw Lincoln’s nomination as a “black nomination as a “black Republican whose election Republican whose election would be the greatest evil would be the greatest evil that has ever befallen this that has ever befallen this country”country”

Lincoln emerged as the Lincoln emerged as the winner of the 1860 winner of the 1860 presidential election presidential election

Southern Southern SecessionSecession

After Lincoln’s victory, Southerners After Lincoln’s victory, Southerners were convinced that they lost their were convinced that they lost their political voice in the national political voice in the national governmentgovernment

South Carolina led the way, and South Carolina led the way, and seceded on December 20, 1860seceded on December 20, 1860

Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas soon followed Louisiana, and Texas soon followed SC SC

February 4, 1861 – the secessionist February 4, 1861 – the secessionist states formed the states formed the Confederacy Confederacy

Feb 9, Feb 9, Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis is elected is elected president of the Confederacy president of the Confederacy

The rest of the nation waited The rest of the nation waited anxiously for Lincoln’s inauguration anxiously for Lincoln’s inauguration in March in March