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Dissection is stopped Vide UGC’s D.O. Letter No:F.1-80/2006(Secy) dated:31/10/06 All the topics of the practicals are being taught by Models, Charts, Figures ,Slides and Software FIRST B. PHARM 101.PharmaceuticsI(PHARMACEUTICALENGINEERING) ( Unit Operation-I) THEORY 3 Hours /Week 1.Unit Operation: Introduction, Basic Laws 1. Fluid Flow:

Types of flow, Reynolds number, Viscosity, Concept of boundary layer, basic equations of fluid flow, Valves, flow meters, manometers and measurement of flow and pressure.

2. Material handling Systems:

a. Liquid handling & storage-Different types of pumps.

b. Gas handling & storage-various types of fans, blowers and compressors.

c. Solid handling & storage- Bins, Bunkers, Conveyers, Air transport. 3. Dehumidification and humidity control:

Basic concepts and definitions, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation temperatures, Psychometric chart and measurement of humidity, application of humidity measurement in pharmacy, equipments for dehumidification operations.

4. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: Principles and applications of refrigeration and air conditioning.

5. Material of pharmaceutical plant construction: General study of composition, corrosion resistance, properties and applications of the materials of construction with special reference to stainless steel and glass.

6. Industrial hazards and safety precautions: Mechanical, chemical, electrical, fire and dust hazards, Industrial dermatitis, Accident records etc.

7.Stoichiometry: Unit processes, material and energy balances, molecular units, mole fraction, tie , gas laws, mole volume, primary and secondary quantities, quilibrium state, rate process, steady and unsteady states, dimensionless equations, dimensionless formulas, dimensionless groups, different types of graphic representation, mathematical problems.

8.Heat Transfer: Source of heat, heat transfer, steam and electricity as heating media, determining of requirement of amount of steam/electrical energy, steam pressure, Boiler capacity mathematical problems on heat transfer.

9. Filtration and Centrifugation: Theory of filtration, filter media, industrial filters including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, cartridge filters, and membrane filters. Factors affecting filtration, mathematical problems on filtration, optimum-cleaning cycle in batch filters. Principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters and centrifugal sedimentors.

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(PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING DRA WING ) PRACTICALS 1. Measurement of flow of fluids and their pressure determination of Reynolds number and calculation of frictional losses. 2. Determination of Humidity-use of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb thermometers and charts. 3. Experiments to demonstrate corrosion resistance of various materials 4. Determination of Overall Heat Transfer coefficient. 5. Determination of rate of evaporation. 6. Elementary knowledge of Engineering Drawing -Concept of plan orthographic & isometric

views, Elevation and third angle projection, notation and abbreviations used in engineering drawing. 7. Drawing of simple pharmaceutical machinery parts. 8. (A). Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate of filtration and study of factors affecting

filtration including filter aids. (B) Experiments to demonstrate application of centrifugation. 9. Introduction to Computer Aided Drawing. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial Pharmacy 2. Chemical Engineering by Badger and Banchero 3. Handbook of Chemical Engineering by Perry 4. Elementary Chemical Engineering by Max Peters 5. Unit Operations by McCabe and Smith 6. Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman & others 7. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design by Aulton 8. Elementary Engineering Drawing by N. D. Bhatt 9. Machine Drawing by N. D. Bhatt 102. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (Theory) Introduction to Pharmacopoeia:

An outline of methods of preparation, uses, sources of impurities, tests for purity identity and assay principles with examples including limit tests for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, chloride, sulphate and special tests if any of the following classes of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in Indian Pharmacopoeia monograph details.

1. Gastrointestinal agents: Acidifying agents, Antacids, protective and Adsorbents, Cathartics: - Dil. Hydrochloric acid, Sod. Bicarbonate, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium oxide, Magnesium trisilicate, Magnesium sulphate, Bismuth sub carbonate, Kaoline, Milk of magnesia, Activated charcoal, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, Sodium potassium tartrate, Combination antacid preparation.

2. Majorintraand extra-cellular electrolytes: Physiological ions, Electrolytes used for replacement therapy, acid-base balance and combination therapy:- Sodium chloride and it’s preparations, Potassium chloride and it’s preparations, Ammonium chloride and its injection, Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium citrate, Calcium gluconate, Calcium lactate, Dibasic calcium phosphate, Magnasium sulphate, Sodium dihydrogen Phosphate, Electrolyte combination therapy.

3. Essential and trace elements:

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Transition elements and their compounds of pharmaceutical importance:- Iron and haematinics, Mineral supplements, Ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate, Iodine, Iodine solutions, Potassium iodide.

5. Topical agents : Protectives, Astringents and Anti infectives:- Talc, Calamine, Zinc oxide, Titanium dioxide, Potassium permangnate, Chlorinated lime, Iodine, Iodine solution, Povidone iodine, Boric acid, borax, Silver nitrate, Mild silver protein, Yellow mercuric oxide, Ammoniated mercury, Sublimed and precipitated sulfur, Selenium Sulphide, Alum, Zinc sulphate, Hydrogen peroxide, Antimony potassium tartrate.

6. Gases and Vapours : Inhalants and Respiratory stimulants:- Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Ammonium carbonate.

7. Dental products : Dentifrice and anti-caries agents:- Sodium fluoride, Calcium carbonate, Dibasic calcium phosphate, Zinc chloride.

8. Complexing and chelating agents used in therapy:- Disodium EDTA, Calcium disodium EDTA, Dimercaprol.

9. Miscellaneous agents : Sclerosing agents, expectorants, emetics, poisons and antidotes, sedatives etc:- Ammonium chloride, Potassium iodide, Antimony potassium tartrate, Sodium nitrite, Sodium thiosulphate, Potassium bromide.

10. Pharmaceutical Aids Used in Pharmaceutical Industry : (1) Acids, Bases, Buffers and Water.

Introduction, concepts of acid base, pH & dissociation constant of acid & base, Henderson Hasselbatch equation, mechanism of buffers, physiological buffers, physical & chemical properties of water, hard water and methods of softening hard water, ionic product of water. Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Nitric acid, Phosphoric acid, Boric acid, Strong Ammonium Hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide, Soda lime, Borate and phosphate buffers system, Purified water, W.F.I. , Sterile W.F.I. (2) Anti-oxidants, preservatives, filter aids, adsorbents, diluents, excipients, suspending agents, colorants etc.:- Sodium nitrite, Sodium thiosulphate, Sodium bisulphide, Sodium metabisulphite, Boric acid, Borax. Activated Charcoal, Kaoline, Bismuth subcarbonate, Dibasic calcium phosphate, Calcium sulphate, Bentonite, Aluminium hydroxide.

11. Inorganic Radiopharmaceuticals : Nuclear radiopharmaceutical, reactions, nomenclature, methods of obtaining their standards and units of activity, measurements of activity, clinical applications and dosage hazards and precautions. Sodium iodide 131 , Ferric chloride 59, Ferrous citrate 59 .Barium sulphate.

12 Behavior of gases : Gas laws, ideal gas equations, Kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behavior and explanations.

13 The liquid state : Study of chemical substances using physical properties such as :- surface tension, parachor, viscosity, refractive index, optical rotation, dipole moments and chemical constituents.

14. Solutions : Ideal and real solutions, solution of gases in liquids colligative properties, partition coefficient, conductance and its measurement. Debye Huckel theory.

15. Thermodynamics :

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Zero, First, Second and third laws. Absolute temperature scale. Thermochemical equations, phase equilibrium and Phase rule.

16. Adsorption : Freundlich and Gibbs adsorption isotherms, Langmuir theory of adsorption.

17. Photochemistry : Consequences of light absorption, Jablenski diagram, Lambert-Beer law Quantum efficiency.

18. Chemical Kinetics : Zero, first and second order reactions, complex reaction, theories of reaction kinetics, characteristics of homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid, base and enzyme catalysis.

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY - I (PRACTICALS) 1.The background and systematic qualitative analysis of inorganic mixtures up to 4 radicals. Six

Mixtures to be analyzed preferably by semi-micro methods. 2.Limit Tests for cl, So4.As,Heavy metals and Lead along with a few Modifications.

3.All identification tests for pharmaceutical inorganic pharmaceuticals and qualitative tests for cations & anions as included in the Appendix of IP should be carried out. 4.Volumetric analysis of few important compounds covered in theory.

5.Expriments on surface tension and viscosity, partition co-efficient ,adsorption, Order of reaction(1st and 2nd),Refractive index and molar refraction.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1) Indian Pharmacopoeia. 2) Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry- Block and Soine. 3) Concise Inorganic Chemistry- J.D.Lee 4) Inorganic Chemistry- Liptrot 5) Elements of Physical chemistry - Glasstone and Lewis 6) Mellor's 'Modern Inorganic Chemistry'- Parker 7) Inorganic and Theoretical chemistry- Taylor 8) College chemistry- Linus Pauling 9) Chemistry- Linus Pauling 10) Essentials of Physical chemistry-Bahl and Tuli 11) Bently and Driver's Text book of Pharmaceutical chemistry 12) Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin 13) Remington's Pharmaceutical Science 14) Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis Revised by G.S.Vehla 15) Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part I by Beckett & Stanlake

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103.HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY): 1. Scope of anatomy and physiology and terminology used in these subjects. 2.Structure of cell its components and functions body fluids & its composition transport mechanisms across the cell menbrane. 3.Elementary tissues of the human body : Epithelial connective muscular and nervous tissues their sub-type and characteristics. 4.Osseous system : Structure composition and functions of skeleton classification of joints types of movements at joints Disorders of joints. 5. Skeletal muscles : Their gross anatomy physiology of muscle contraction physiological properties of skeletal muscle and their disorders. 6. Haemopoietic system : Composition and function of blood and its elements their disorders blood groups and their significance mechanism of coagulation disorders of platelets and coagulation. 7. Lymph and Lymphatic system : Composition formulation and circulation of lymph disorders of lymph and lymphatic system. Basic physiology and functions of spleen. 8. Cardiovascular system : Basic anatomy of the heart physiology of heart blood vessels and circulation. Basic understanding of cardiac cycle heart sound and electrocardiogram. Blood pressure and its regulation. Brief outline of cardiovascular disorders like hypertension hypotension arteriosclerosis angina myocardial infarction congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. 9. Digestive System : Gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract functions of its different- parts including those of liver pancreas and gall bladder various gastrointestinal secretions and their role in the absorption and digestion of food disorders of digestive system. 10. Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs functions of respiration mechanism and regulation of respiration respiratory volumes and capacity. 11. Central Nervous System

Functions of different parts of brain and spinal cord. Neurohumoral transmission in the central nervous system reflex action electroencephalogram. cranial nerves and their functions.

12. Autonomic Nervous System : Physiology and functions of the autonomic nervous system. Mechanism of neurohumoral transmission in the A.N.S.

13. Urinary System : Various parts structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of urine formation and acid base balance. Diseases of the urinary system.

14. Reproductive system :- Male and Female reproductive system and their hormones physiology of menstruation coitus and fertilization. Sex differentiation sperma-togenesis pregnancy its maintenance and parturition.

15. Endocrine System : Basic anatomy and physiology of pituitary thyroid Parathyroid Adrenals Pancreas Testes and ovary their hormones and functions.

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16. Local Hormones : Histamine, 5-HT ,Prostaglandin, Thromboxanes, Leucotriens ,PAF and Peptides ,their functions and importance.

17. Sense Organs : Basic anatomy and physiology of the eye (vision) ear (hearing) taste buds nose (smell) and skin (superficial receptors).

18. Health Education : a. Concepts of health & disease, disease causing agents and prevention of disease.

b. Classification of food requirements balanced diet nutritional defi-ciency disorders their treatment and prevention specifications for drinking water. c. Demography and family planning : Demography cycle family planning various contraceptive methods Medical termination of pregnancy. d. Brief outline of communicable diseases their causative agents modes of transmissions and prevention (Chicken pox, measles, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, food poisoning, helmenthiasis, malaria, filariasis, rabies, trachoma , tetanus, leprosy, syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS ). e. First Aid : Emergency treatment of shock, snake bites, burns, poisoning, fractures and resuscitation methods.

HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & HEALTH EDUCATION (PRACT ICALS) 1. Study of human skeleton. 2. Study of different systems with the help of charts and models. 3. Microscopic study of different tissues. 4. Estimation of haemoglobin in blood determination of bleeding time, clotting time R.B.C.

count, TLC , D.L.C. and E.S.R. 5. Recording of body temperature pulse rate and blood pressure basic understanding of

Electrocardiogram PQRST waves and their significance. 6. Physiological experiments on nerve-muscle preparations & heart. 7. Determination of vital capacity experiments on spirometry. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Human Physiology by C. C. Chatterjee 2. Principles of human anatomy by Tortora 3 Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall 4. Basic Human Physiology by Guyton 5. The Living Body by Best and Taylor 6. Elements of Human Anatomy Physiology & Health Education by

Dr. Derasari 7. Practical Anatomy and Physiology by Dr. Goyal Patel and Shah. 8. Price's Textbook of The Practice of Medicine by Ronald Scott. 104. PHARMACOGNOSY I :(Theory)

1. Definition, history, scope and development of pharmacognosy. 2. Sources of drugs : Biological, marine, geographical and plant tissue cultures as sources of drugs. 3. Classification of drugs : Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, pharmacological and chemical 4. Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants, types of soil and fertilizers of common use. Pest management and natural pest control agents. Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants. 5. Methods of classification of plants.

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6. Plant cell: Its structure & non living inclusion; mitosis & meiosis, different types of plant tissues & their functions.

7.Morphology & histology of root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower, fruit & seed Modification of root & stem.

8.General survey of animal kingdom: Structure & life history of parasites as illustrated by amoeba, entamoeba, tryphonosoma, plasmodium, taenia, ascaris. 9.Plant taxonomy: Study of following families with special reference to medicinally important plants. Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae, Rubiceae, Liliaceae, Graminae, Labiatae, Cruciferae, Papaveraceae.

10. Quality control of crude drugs : Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection by organoleptic, microscopic, physical,

chemical and biological methods of evaluation. 11. An Introduction to chemical constituents of drugs : their isolation, classification and

properties & systematic pharmacognostic study of following : a) Carbohydrates and derived products :Agar, Guar gum, Gum acacia, Honey, Isabgol, Pectin,

Starch, Sterculia and Tragacanth. b) Lipids : Bees wax, Castor oil, Coca butter, Cod-liver oil, Hydnocarpus oil, Kokum butter,

Lard, Linseed oil, Rice bran oil, shark liver oil and woolfat PHARMACOGNOSY-I (PRACTICAL) 1. Morphological characteristics of plant families mentioned in theory. 2. Care use and types of microscope 3. Preparation, Microscopic examination of stem,root and leaf of monocot and docot leaves. 4. Microscopic measurements of cells and cell contents: starch, grains, calcium oxalate crystals

and phloem fibers. 5. Determination of leaf constants such as stomatal index, stomatal number, vein islet number,

vein termination number and palisade ratio. 6. Identification of crude drugs belonging to carbohydrates and lipids 7. Preparation of herbarium sheets. 8. Identification of crude drugs mentioned in theory. BOOKS RECOMENDED

1. Pharmacognosy by G.E.Trease and W.C.Evans 2. Text book of Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis 3. Pharmacognosy by V.E.Tylor,L.R.Brady and J.E.Robbers 4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Dr.C.S.Shah and Prof. J.S.Qadry 5. Pharmacognosy by S.S.Handa and V.K.Kapoor 6. Pharmacognosy by Prof.C.K.Kokate,Prof.A.P.Purohit & S.B.Gokhale 7. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Dr. Mohammed Ali 8. The Wealth of India (Raw Material & Industrial Product) 9. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plant Vol. I,II,III & IV 10. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants by Atal & Kapoor 11. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Atal & Kapoor 12. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Steiniger and Hansel 13. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Ramsted 14. Powdered Vegetable Drugs by B.P.Jeckson & D.W.Snewden 15. Pharmacognosy by Iyenger 16. Practical Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate

105.BASIC ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (THEORY) 1. Bio-statistics :

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a) Basic concepts of Statistics : Data, Data Graphic, frequency distribution measures of central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode, Harmonic mean, Geometric mean and scattering of data (Range, Mean, deviation, Standard deviation, SEM Applications in Pharmaceutical Validation). b) Introduction to probabilities : Binomial and Normal probabilities distribution. c) Sample and sampling method : sample size and its significance. Sampling techniques and their application in pharmacy. d) Hypothesis testing (t-statistics (application in dissolution testing of solid dasage forms.), chi-square test). e) Correlation analysis, Correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. f) Linear regression analysis (applications in Beer’s Lamberts Curve, stability study), Introduction to curve fitting techniques. g)Analysis of Variance : Introduction and application of the test in the pharmacokinetic study.

2. Computer: a) Introduction to computers-Introduction to i/o devices, storage devices, binary conversion, computer classification, applications of computers in pharmacy.

b) Introduction to DOS commands : File Name and different extensions, Internal and External [4] Commands. Introduction to Windows. Use of Menubar, Taskbar, Desktop, My Computer, Control Panel, Windowa Explorer Network Neighbourhood, Recycle Bin.

c) MS EXCEL preparation of templates for application in pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology and pharmacognosy for example statistical treatment of data for Beer's Lamberts curve, solution of problems based on physical chemistry, pharmaceutical engineering, stability study, area under the curve. bio-assay, bioequivalence study, extraction, Rf value and other elementary problems of pharmaceutical importance. Special attention must be given to arithmetic expressions.

Hierachy of operation,library function such as logarithm,squareroot,standard deviation sum,average,t-test,ANOVA etc. Drawing graphs in EXCEL-line graph,histogram & pie chart. At least one graph for each discpline of chemistry,pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology,& pharmacognosy- Edition of chart features such as – annotation,labeling of axis,changing legend etc.

MS WORD: T yping of text with stress on the following features: typing of text with different fonts & different sizes,indentatin,superscript,Greek terms such as alpha,beta etc. spell checking,use of thesaurus,cut/paste & other features of edit,preparation of tables for practical of pharmaceutical chemistry,pharmaceutical technology,pharmacology & pharmacognosy. Types of languages – elementary programming in BASIC language algorithms- flow chart – solution of problem based in biostatistic & other simple problems of pharmaceutical interest. Introduction to database software such as DBASE III plus. Introduction to E-Mail & internet—demonstration of sites of a pharmaceutical interest such as http://www.pharmacy .org. etc. Books: Manuals provided with the license version of the softwares S.Bolton – Pharmaceutical statistics.

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PRACTICALS: Practicals based on the topics covered in theory –MS-EXCEL. Stress must be given topics of pharmaceutical interest only (e.g. Statistical analysis of pharmaceutical data, stability study, area under the curve,calculation of molecular weight, calculation of solubility, buffers,filtration,acid-base titration,oxidation reduction, physical pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical engineering etc.). The equation will be provided at the time of examinations. Practicals based on Biometrics: Pharmaceutical application of students & paired t-test- SD- SEM, Chi-square test ANOVA regression analysis (application to stability testing) ANOVA(application in pharmacokinetic) Assignment: Computerization of any two practicals taught in first B.Pharm(text, tables, figures,calculation steps,etc.) TEXT BOOKS: Martin, et al, physical pharmaceutics. S.Bolton, Pharmaceutical Statistics.

106.ADVANCE MATHEMATICS(THEORY): 1. Differential equations: Revision of integral calculus, definition and formation of differential equations of first order and

first degree variable, separable homogeneous and linear differential equations and equations reducible to such types, linear differential equations of order greater than one with constant coefficients , complementary function and particular integral simultaneous linear differential equations, pharmaceutical applications.

2. Laplace Transformations Definition, transforms of elementary functions, properties of linearity and shifting inverse laplace transforms, transforms of derivatives, solution of ordinary and simultaneous differential equations.

3. Differential of rational, trignometric exponential and logarithmic functions, tangents and normal, maxima and minima, graphs of an elementary function (Simple curve tracing) indefinite integration of rational, trigonometric exponential and logaritmic functions.

4. Rolles theorems, Ingrangels and Cauchy’s mean value theorems and ‘L’ Hospital rule alongwith suitable illustrations.

5. Mathematical modelling, mathematical models in biology, medicine and pharmacy. [3] BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.S. Grerawal 2. Mathematical Statistics by J.N. Kapur & H.C. Saxena 3. Laplace transforms by Murray R. Spiegel 4. Differential Equations with application by Herman Betz Paul B. Burcham 5. Elements of probability and statistics : M.I.Baisnale and M.Jas 1993, Tata Mcgraw Hill

publishing co. 6. A text-book of Matrices : Shairti Narayan 1994, S.Chand & Co. 7. Differential Calculus Shairti Narayan 1997, Shyam Lah Charitable Trust.

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Dissection is stopped Vide UGC’s D.O. Letter No:F.1-80/2006(Secy) dated:31/10/06 All the topics of the practicals are being taught by Models, Charts, Figures ,Slides and Software SECOND B.PHARM 201 PHARMACEUTICS-II (PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS) THEORY 1. States of Matter: State and selected Properties: State of matter. Change in the state of matter, latent heats and vapour pressure, sublimation-critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols- inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, Liquid crystals, glassy state, solid-crystalline and amorphous, polymorphism. 2. Micromeritics and Powder Rheology : Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle volume, optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, measurement of particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness and flow properties. 3. Surface and Interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tension, surface free energy, measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, free energy, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB classification, solubilization, detergency, adsorption at solid interface, solid gas and solid-liquid interface, complex films, electrical properties of interface. 4. Viscosity and Rheology : Newtonian system, Law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity: capillary, falling ball, rotational viscometers. 5. Dispersion systems : a. Colloidal dispersions : Definition, types, properties of colloids, protective colloids, applications of colloids in pharmacy. b. Suspensions and Emulsions : Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentation of flocculated particles, sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicle, rheological considerations, emulsions ; types, theories, physical stability. 6.Complexation :Classification of complexes, Methods of preparation and analysis , Applications 7.Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general , buffer in pharmaceuticals systems , preparations ,stability, buffered isotonic solutions , measurements of tonicity calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity. 201.PHARMACEUTICS-II (PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS) PRACTICALS 1. Determination of latent heat, vapour pressure, critical point. 2. Studies on polymorphs their identification and properties. 3. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution and surface area using various methods of particle size analysis. 4. Determination of derived properties of powders like density, porosity, compressibility angle of repose etc. 5. Determination of Surface/Interfacial tension, HLB value and Critical Micelle Concentration of surfactants.

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6. Study of rheological of various types of systems using different viscometers. 7. Studies of different types of colloids and their properties. 8. Preparation of various types of suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters. 9. Preparation and stability studies of emulsions. 10. Experiment involving tonicity adjustments. 11. Preparation of pharmaceutical buffers & determination of their stability constants. 12. Preparation involving tonicity adjustments. 13. Determination of C.S.T. & partial or mutual solubility. 14. Determination of C.M.C of surfactant. 15. Determination of isoelectric point, blooming rating of proteins & gelatin. 16. Study of measurement of molecular weight of polymers macromolecular substances. 17. Temp. Dependency & viscosity study of binary systems. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin. 2. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 3. Bentley's Pharmaceutics by E A Rawlins 4. Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial Pharmacy 202. PHARMACEUTICS III (PHARM.Eng.UNIT OPERATIONS-I I) Theory 1. Size Reduction and size separation: Definition, objectives, of size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirements of a mill, types of mills including ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill, classification & methods of size separation -sieving, sedimentation, elutriation, cyclone separator, cutter mill and colloid mill. 2. Mixing: Theory of mixing, solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing, equipments. Selection of mixing, tumbler mixing, and agitator mixer. Semi solids-agitator, shear, ultrasonic mixers. Solids-shaker, propeller, turbine, paddle. Industrial mixer-Nauta mixer & Diosna (R.M.G). 3. Drying : Moisture content and mechanism of drying, rate of drying and time of drying, calculations, classification and types of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical industries and special drying methods - tray, fluidized bed, spray, freeze, tunnel, Microwave, IR dryers. Mathematical problem on drying. 4. Crystallization: Characteristics of crystals like purity, size, shape, geometry, habit forms, size and factors affecting them, solubility curves and calculation of yields. Supersaturation theory and its limitations, . Mier’s supersolubility curve, nucleation mechanisms, crystal growth, study of various types of crystallizers, tanks, agitated batch, Swenson Walker, single vacuum, circulating magma and Krystal crystallizer. Caking of crystals and its prevention. Numerical problems on yields. 5. Evaporation : Basic concept of phase equilibria, factors affecting evaporation, evaporators: film evaporators, single effect and multiple effect evaporators, Vapor recompression. Mathematical problems on evaporation. 6. Distillation : Raoult's law, phase diagrams, volatility, simple, steam and flash distillations, principles of rectification, Rect- columns packed, plate, efficiency of columns. McCabe Thiele method for calculations of number of theoretical plates, Azeotropic and extractive distillation. Mathematical problem on distillation. Molecular distillation, relative volatility, molar value on distillation. 7. Automated process control systems: Process variable, temperature, pressure, flow, level and vacuum and their measurements. Elements of automatic process control, Introduction to Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM).

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8. Reactors and fundamentals of reactors design for chemical reactions. [ 2 ] Classification, types and design of reactors. 9. Extraction: Theory of extraction, solvents used extraction, methods, recovery of solvents. PHARMACEUTICS III ( UNIT OPERATIONS ) PRACTICALS 1. Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the rate of drying. 2.Experiments based on steam , extractive and azeotrropic distillation. 3.crysalization and smooth behavior . 4. Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content. 5. Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction, Laws governing energy and power

requirements of a size reduction. 6. Experiments to illustrate solid-solid mixing, determination mixing efficiency using different types

of mixers. 7. Experiments to demonstrate various methods of size separation. 8. Experiments to illustrate evaporation and rectification. 9.Study of stole’s law and sedimentation. 10.Rectification 11.Particle size determination by microscopic method. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial Pharmacy 2. Chemical Engineering by Badger and Banchero 3. Handbook of Chemical Engineering by Perry 4. Elementary Chemical Engineering by Max Peters 5. Unit Operations by McCabe and Smith 6. Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman & others 7. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design by Aulton 8. Unit Operations Handbook by McKetta 9. Pharmaceutics by A.K. Seth & M. M. Patel 10. Chemical Engineering by Richardson & Coulson 203.PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE & ETHICS [Theory]: 1.Introduction : 1.1 Pharmaceutical Legislation - A brief review. 1.2 Drugs & Pharmaceutical Industry -A brief review. 1.3 Pharmaceutical Education - A brief review. 2. An elaborate [practical oriented] study of thefollowing: 2.1Pharmaceutical Ethics 2.2 Pharmacy Act 1948. 2.3 Drug and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 2.4 Medicinal & Toilet preparations [Excise Duties] Act 1955 2.5 Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substance Act 1985 & Rules 2.6 Drug price control order 1995. [DPCO]. 3. A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions. 3.1 Poisons Act 1991. 3.2 Drugs and Magic Remedies [Objectionable Advertisements] Act 1954. 3.3 Medical termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 & Rules 1975. 3.4 Prevention of cruelty to Animals Act 1960. 3.5 States shops & Establishment Act & Rules. 3.6 Insecticides Act 1968. 3.7 AICTE Act 1987. 3.8 Factories Act 1948.

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3.9 Minimum Wages Act 1948 & Rules 1950. 3.10 Patents Act 1970 & Rules 1972. 3.11 Consumer Protection Act 4. A brief study of the various prescription/Non-prescription products, Medical/surgical accessories, Diagnostic aids, Appliances available in the market. Note : The teaching of all the above Acts should cover the latest amendments. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Original laws published by the Government of India. 2. Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M. Mithal 3 Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K. Jain 204. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY - II

(Organic Chemistry) (Theory) The subject of organic Chemistry will be treated in its modern perspective keeping for the sake of convenience, the usual Classification of organic compounds. 1. Structure and Properties: Atomic structure, Atomic orbitals, Molecular orbital theory, wave equation, Molecular orbitals, Bonding and Antibonding orbitals, Co-valent bond, Hybrid orbitals, Intramolecular forces, Bond dissociation energy Polarity of bonds, Polarity of molecules, structure and physical properties, Intermolecular forces, Acids and bases. 2.Stereochemistry : Isomerism and nomenclature and associated physicochemical properties, optical activity. Stereoisomerism, specification of configuration, chirality, chiral reagents, Reaction involving stereoisomers, conformations.

3.Structure,Nomenclature, preparation and reactions of : Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkanes, Dienes, Benzene, Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Arenes, Alkyl halides, Alcoholes, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, phenols, Aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, functional derivatives of carboxylic acid, Reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrene and nitrenium ions. 4.Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions; alpha-beta Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, Conservation of orbital symmetry and rules, Electrocyclic cyclo addition reactions, Sigmatrophic reactions, Neighbouring group effects, Catalysis by transition metal complexes, Stereoselective and sterospecific reactions, organic reagents used in drug synthesis like E.C.A., malonitrile , N-bromo succinamide ethylaceto acetate. 5.Heterocyclic Compounds : Chemistry of some important heterocylics contains 3,4,5,6 & 7 atoms with one or two hetero atoms like O,N,S. Preparation and properties of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrimidine, imidazole

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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II [Practical] . 1.The student should be introduced to the various laboratory techniques through demonstrations involving synthesis of selected organic compounds,[e.g. aspirin, p-bromoacetanilide, anthraquinone from anthracine, reduction of nitrobenzene etc.] 2.Identification of organic compounds and their derivatives. 3.Introduction to the use of stereomodels. 4.At least five exercises in synthesis involving various heterocyclic ring systems. 5.An exercise involving stereoselective synthesis of a compound resolution of racemic DL-alanine or any other example. 6.Workshop on molecular modeling of primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins, molecular modeling on double helical structure of nucleic acid showing hydrogen bonding. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1.Organic Chemistry by Morrison & Boyd. 2.Organic Chemistry by Brewester & McEwan 3.Organic Chemistry Vol I & II by Finar 4.Organic Chemistry by Wingrove & S. Caret 5.Organic Chemistry by Pine & Handrickson 6.Organic Chemistry by Jerry March 7.Practical Organic Chemistry by F.G. Mann & B.C. Saunders 8.Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry by B.T. Furnis 9.Stereochemistry of carbon compounds by L. Eliel 10. An Introduction to the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds by R.M. Acheson 11.Basic and Pharmaceutical Practical Chemistry by Singh and Kapoor 205.Dispensing community and hospital Pharmacy (Theory) PART-A 1. Definition & Scope 2. Sources of information required by pharmacists. 3. Prescription, handling of prescription, source of error in prescription, care required in dispensing

procedures. 4. General dispensing procedures including labeling of dispensed products. 5. Dispensing of proprietary medicines. 6. Pharmaceutical calculations: Enlarging and reducing recipes, percentage solutions, allegation, alcohol dilution, proof spirit, isotonic solutions, displacements value, etc. 7. Posology & Metrology: household measures, calculation of doses for infants, adults and elderly patients 8. Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of typical prescriptions like mixtures, solutions, emulsions, creams, ointments, powders, capsules, pastes, jellies, suppositories, opthalmics, pastilles, lozenges, pills, lotions, liniments, inhalations, paints, sprays, tablet triturates etc. 9. Incompatibilities: physical and chemical incompatibilities, inorganic incompatibilities including incompatibilities of metals and their salts, non-metals, acids, alkalies, organic incompatibilities. Purine bases, alkaloids, pyrazolone derivatives, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, carbohydrates, glycosides, anesthetics, dyes surface active agents, correction of incompatibilities, therapeutics incompatibilities. 10. Community pharmacy: Organization and structure of retail and whole sale drug store- types of drug store and design, legal requirements for establishment, maintenance and drug store- dispensing of proprietary products, maintenance of records of retail and whole sale, patient counseling, role of pharmacist in community health care and education. 11. Dispensing of Radiopharmaceuticals Therapeutic uses, diagnostic uses, facilities work area, preparation and dispensing of Radiopharmaceuticals used in and medicine. 12. Future trends in dispensing.

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PART-B 205.HOSPITAL PHARMACY. 1.Organisation and structure: Organisation of a hospital and hospital pharmacy. responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist pharmacy and therapeutic committees. Budget preparation and implementation. 2. Hospital formulary Contents preparation and revision of hospital formulary. 3. Drug distribution systems in hospitals: a. Outpatient dispensing method adopted. b. Dispensing of drugs to patients. Types of drug distribution systems. Charging policy, labeling. c. Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients. d. Dispensing of controlled drugs. 4. Central sterile supply unit and their management: Types of meterials for sterlisation packing of materials prior to sterlisation, sterlisation equipments, supply of sterile materials. 5. Manufacture of sterial & Nonsterile products: Policy making of manufacturable items demand and costing personnel requirements manufacturing practice Master formula card production control manufacturing records. 6. Drug Information Services: Sources of Information on drugs, disease treatment schedules, procurement of information.

Computerised services (eg. MEDLINE) retrieval of information. Medication error. 7. Records and reports: Prescription filling, drug profile, patient medication profile, cases on drug interaction and adverse reactions idiosyncratic cases etc. 8. Nuclear pharmacy 9. Introduction to radiopharmaceuticals: Radio active half life,.Units of radioactivity, production of radio pharmaceuticals, methods of isotopic tagging, preparation of radio isotopes in laboratory using Radiation dosimetry, Radio isotope generators, permissible radiation dose level, Radiation hazards and their prevention, specifications for radio active laboratory. Dispensing community and hospital Pharmacy (Practical) 1.Dispensing of prescriptions falling under the categories. Mixtures, solutions, emulsions, creams, ointments, powders suppositories, ophthalmics, capsules, pastes, jellies, pastille, lozenges, pills, tablet triturates lotions, liniments, inhalations, paints, etc. 2.Identification of various types of incompatibilities in pricing of prescription correction there of and dispensing of such prescriptions. 3.Dispensing procedures involving pharmaceuticals calculations, pricing of prescriptions and dosage calculations for pediatric and geriatric patients. 4.Dispensing of prescriptions involving adjustment of tonicity. 5.Categorization and storage of pharmaceuticals products based on legal requirements of labeling and storage. 6.Practicals designed on the use of computer in drug information center, prescription filling,

documentation of informations on drug interaction. 7.Experiments to illustrate handling of Radiopharmaceuticals products, measurement of radioactivity.

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BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1.Cooper and Gunn's Dispensing Pharmacy. 2.Pharmaceutical Dispensing by Sharma and Jain 3.Dispensing Pharmacy by Husa 4.Remington's Pharmaceutics 5.Pharmaceutical Practice by Aulton and Collet 206.PHARMACOLOGY - II (Theory) 1. General pharmacology a) Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, dosage forms and routes of administration. Mechanism of action, combine effect of drugs, factors modifying drug action, tolerance and dependence, Pharmacogenetics drug receptors, dose response relationship. b) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and excretion of drugs. Principles of Basic and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Adverse Drug Reactions and treatment of Poisoning, ADME drug interactions 2. Pharmacology of peripheral Nervous system: a).Neurohumoral transmission (autonomic and somatic) b). Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, adrenergic receptor and neuron blocking agents, ganglionic stimulants and blocking agents. c). Neuromuscular blockingagents. d). Local anesthetic agents. 3. Autocoids: a). Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists b). Prostanglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes. c). Pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, Angiotensin, Bradykinin and substance 4. Pharmacology of Central Nervous System (CNS): a). Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. b). General Anesthetics. c). Alcohols and disulfiram. d). Sedatives-hypnotics, Anti-anxiety agents and centrally acting muscle relaxants. e). Psychopharmacological agents:- antipsycotics, antidepressants, antimaniacs and hallucinogens f). Antiepileptics drugs. g). Anti- Parkinsonian drugs. h). Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory and Antigout drugs. i). Narcotic Analgesics and Antagonists. j). C.N.S. Stimulants. k). Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse. 5. Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System : a). Anti-asthamatic drugs including bronchodilators. b). Anti-tussives and expectorants. c). Respiratory stimulants 6. Pharmacology of Endocrine system : a). Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. b). Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs, parathormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. c). Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents & glucagon d). ACTH and corticosteroids. e). Androgens and anabolic steroids. f). Drugs acting on the uterus. g). Estrogen, Progesterone & Oral contraceptives

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PHARMACOLOGY II ( Practicals ) Dissection is stopped Vide UGC’s D.O. Letter No:F.1-80/2006(Secy) dated:31/10/06 All the topics of the practicals are being taught by Models, Charts, Figures ,Slides and Software.

1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology : 2. Preparation of different solutions for experiments. 3. Drug dilution, use of molar and w/v solutions in experimental pharmacology. 4. Common laboratory animals and anesthetics used in animal studies. 5. Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology. 6. Some common and standard techniques. Bleeding and intravenous injection intragastric

administration procedures for rendering animals unconscious, stunning of rodents, pithing of frogs, chemical anaesthesia.

2. Experiments on intact preparations : 1. Study of different routes of administration of drugs in mice/rats. 2. To study the effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitors and induction on the pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice. 3. Evaluation of Local anaesthetics. 4. To study the effect of autonomic drugs on rabbits eye : 5. To study the effects of various agonists and antagonists and

their characterization using isolated preparation like frog's rectusabdominus muscle and isolated ileum preparations of Rat Guineapig and Rabbit.

3. Experiments on Central Nervous System : Recording of spontaneous motor activity, stereotype analgesia, anticonvulsant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and muscle relaxant activity of drugs using simple experiments. 4. Experiments on Isolated preparations :

1. To record the Concentration Response Curve (CRC) of acetylcholine using rectus abdominus muscle preparation of frog.

2. To study the effects of physostigmine and d-tubercurarine on the CRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abdominus muscle preparation of frog.

3. To record the CRC of 5-HT on rat fundus strip preparation. 4. To record the CRC of Histamine on guinepig ileum. 5. To record the CRC of noraderenaline on rat anococcygeus muscle . 6. To record the CRC of oxytocin using rat uterus.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics by Goodman & Gillman 2. Medical pharmacology by Goth 3. Pharmacology by Gaddum 4. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics by Satoshkar & Bhandarkar 5. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics by F.S.K. Barar 6. Lewis Pharmacology by Crossland 7. Textbook of pharmacology by Bowman & Rand 8. Essentials of medical pharmacology by K.D. Tripathi 9. Pharmacology by Rang & Dale 10. Elements of Pharmacology by Dr. Derasari & Dr. Gandhi 11. Drug interactions by Hansten 12. Introduction to general toxicology by Aries Simonsis & Offermeier 13. Toxicology: The basic science of poisons by Casorett & Doull

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14. Clinical pharmacology by Lawrence 15. Principles of drug action by Goldstein Aronow & Kalaman 16. Drug Treatment by Averey 17. Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology by M.N. Ghosh 18. Handbook of experimental pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni 19. Pharmacological experiments on isolated preparations by Perry 20. Practicals in pharmacology by Dr. Goyal 207.PHARMACOGNOSY – II. 1. An Introduction to chemical constituents of drugs : their isolation, classification and

properties & systematic pharmacognostic study of following : A) Resins and resin combinations :Colophony, Podophyllum, Jalap, Cannabis, Capsicum, Myrrh, Asafoetida, Balsam of peru, Balsam of tolu, Benzoin, Turmeric. B) Tannins and tannins containing drugs : Gambir, black catechu, gall and myrobalan. C)Volatile oils General methods

of obtaining volatile oils from plants. Study of volatile oils of Mentha, Coriander, Cinnamon, Cassia, Lamon peel, Orange peel, Lemon grass, Citronella, Caraway, Cumin, Dill, Spearmint, Clove, Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Chenopodium, Cardamom, Valerian, Musk, Palmarosa, Gaultheria, Sandal wood.

2. study of fibres used in pharmacy : cotton, silk, wool, nylon, glass wool, polyester and asbestos. 3. Study of pharmaceutical aids : talk, diatomite, kaolin, bentonite and gelatin. 4. Phytochemical screening: a Preparation of extracts b Screening of alkaloids, saponins,cardinolides,bufadinolides,flavonoides, leucoenthocyanidine,tannins,polyphenols,enthroquinones,cyanogenitic glycosides & amino acids in plant extracts. 5. Study of biological sources,cultivation,commercial varieties,chemical constituents , substitutes,adulterants,uses,diagnostic,macroscopic & microscopic features & specific chemical test of following groups of drugs containing glycosides: a Saponins- Liquorice,ginseng,dioscorea,sarsaparilla, & senega b Cardioactive sterols – Digitalis, Squills,Strophenthus,Thevetia c Anthraquinone Cathartics: Aloe, seena,cassia pod,rhubarb & cascara d.Others:psorales,ammivisnage,amimajus,gentian,saffron,chirata,quassia,Kalmegh, picrorrhiza. PHARMACOGNOSY-II (PRACTICAL) 1. Morphological characteristics of plant families mentioned in theory. 2. Identification of crude drugs mentioned in theory. 3. Study of fibers and pharmaceutical aids. 4. Microscopic studies of crude drugs and their powders underlined in the category of volatile oils. 5.Genaral chemical test for alkaloids , glycosides containing crude drugs as mentioned in theory BOOKS RECOMENDED 1. Pharmacognosy by G.E.Trease and W.C.Evans 2. Text book of Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis 3. Pharmacognosy by V.E.Tylor,L.R.Brady and J.E.Robbers 4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Dr.C.S.Shah and Prof. J.S.Qadry 5. Pharmacognosy by S.S.Handa and V.K.Kapoor 6. Pharmacognosy by Prof.C.K.Kokate,Prof.A.P.Purohit & S.B.Gokhale 7. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Dr. Mohammed Ali 8. The Wealth of India (Raw Material & Industrial Product) 9. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plant Vol. I,II,III & IV 10. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants by Atal & Kapoor 11. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Atal & Kapoor

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12. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Steiniger and Hansel 13. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Ramsted 14. Powdered Vegetable Drugs by B.P.Jeckson & D.W.Snewden 15. Practical Pharmacognosy by Iyenger 16. Practical Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate 17. I.P., B.P., U.S.P.,

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Dissection is stopped Vide UGC’s D.O. Letter No:F.1-80/2006(Secy) dated:31/10/06 All the topics of the practicals are being taught by Models, Charts, Figures ,Slides and Software

THIRD B. PHARM 301.PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (Th eory) Part A: Pharmaceutical Microbiology 1. Introduction , scope, contributions of great scientists to microbiology. 2. Structure of bacterial cell. 3. Classification of microbes and their taxonomy, actinomycetes, bacteria, ricketssia, spirochetes, fungi and viruses. 4. Microscopy: Different types of microscopes micrometry. 5. Identification of Microbes: Morphological, Stains and types of staining techniques and biochemical methods for S.typhi, E.coli, Amylase activity, production of gas, indole production, lactose fermentation. 6. Nutrition cultivation isolation & count of bacteria, fungi, viruses. 7 . Control of Microbes a) Sterilization : Significance and scope, classification, D-value, F- value, Z-value, methods for sterilization , Pharmacopoeial standards Sterilization indicators-biological and chemical.

b) Disinfectants: Classification, mode of action, uses of various disinfectants, evaluation of disinfectants effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives.

8. Sterility testing of pharmaceutical products As per IP. 9. Immunology and Immunological Preparations Principles, antigens and haptens, immune system, cellular, humoral immunity, immunological

tolerance, antigen-antibody reactions and their applications. Hypersensitivity, Active and passive immunization, vaccines their preparation standardisation and storage. Antibodies, Nonspecific defence mechanisms of body,Vaccines- diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, cholera, pertussis, plaque, BCG, rabies, polio, measles, typhoid, new generation vaccines-hepatitis, AIDS, Malaria, Diagnostic preparations

10. Antibiotics: Historical development of antibiotics,Antimicrobial spectrum & methods used for their

standardization,screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design,control of different parameters, isolation of mutants,factors influencing rate of mutation,design of fermentation process. Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillins, streptomycins, tetracyclins & vitamin B12.

11.Blood products and plasma substitutes: Collection, processing labeling and storage of whole human blood, concentrated human RBC,

dried human plasma, human fibrinogen, human thrombin, human normal immunoglobulin, human fibrin foam, plasma substitutes-ideal requirments, PVP, dextran etc., control of blood pressure as per I.Pand B.P.

12.Surgical Products: Defination, primary wound dressing, absorbents surgical cotton, surgical gauzes etc. bandages,

adhesive tape, protective cellulosic hemostastics, official dressing, absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures, catgut. Standardization of surgical products,Packaging and labeling of surgical products in general. Medical prosthetics and organ replacement materials.

13.Fermentation: Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, General screening methods,

Isolation and preservation of pure cultures. Mutants, factors influencing rate of mutation. Fermenter, its design, control of different parameters, Design of

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fermentation process. Media, Sterilization(fermenter, media, air, etc.) Isolation of fermentation products. Detailed production of a) selected antibiotics: penicillins, streptomycins, tetracyclines b) vitamin B 12, Riboflavin c) others: citric acid, alcohol

14.Allergenic Extracts: Types of allergens, Allergens, diagnosis of allergy, sensitivity testing, treatment of allergy, preparation,

testing and standardisation of allergenic extracts. 15. Microbial assay of Antibiotics Vitamins & Aminoacids As per IP 16. Pharmacopoeial microbial limit tests As per IP 17.Microbial genetics and variation. Part B Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (theory) 1. \Genetic Recombination: Transformation, conjugation, transduction, protoplast fusion and gene cloning and their applications. Development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies. Study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as Activase, Humulin, Humstrope IntornA. Monoclate, ORTAHOCLONE OKT3, Referon-A, Recombivax HB ETC. 2. Microbial transformation: Introduction, types of reactions mediated by micro-organisms, design of biotransformation processes and its improvements. 3. Enzyme immobilization: Introduction, methods and applications of immobilized enzymesTechniques of immobilization of enzymes, Immobilisation of bacteria and plant cells. 4.Study of diagnostic aids produced by biotechnology. PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (PRACTI CALS) Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media. Subculturing of common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungus and yeast, various methods of isolation and identification of microbes, sterilisation techniques and validation of sterilizing techniques, evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants, testing the sterility of pharmaceutical products as per I.P. requirements, microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamins etc.. BOOKS RECOMMENDED : 1. Text book of Microbiology by Pelczar 2. Microbiology by Lippincot 3. Microbiology by Prescott 4. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by V.K.Dixit & S.P.Vyas 5. Biochemical Engineering by Bailey & Ollis 6.Fundamentals of microbiology by frobischer 302.PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I [Theory ] 1.Introduction : Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control. Different techniques of analysis, preliminaries and definitions, selection of sample, precision and accuracy. Fundamental of volumetric analysis, methods of expressing concentration, primary and secondary standards. 2. Acid Base Titration: Acid base concepts, Role of the solvent, relative strengths of acids and bases. Ionization, low of mass action, common ion effect. Ionic product of water, pH, Hydrolysis of salts Henderson-Hesselbach equation, Buffer solutions, Neutralization curves, Acid-base indicators, Theory of indicators. Choice of indicators, Mixed indicators, polyprotic system, polyamine and aminoacid systems, Amino acid titration, applications in assay of H3PO4, NaOH, CaCO3 etc. 3. Oxidation Reduction Titrations: Concepts of oxidation and reduction, Redox reactions, strengths and equivalent weights of oxidizing and reducing agents, Theory of redox, redox indicator, titrations, cell representations, Measurement of electrode potential, Oxidation-reduction curves, Iodimetry and Iodometry, ceric sulphate titrations,

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Potassium iodate titrations, potassium bromate titrations, Titanous chloride titrations, sodium 2, 6-dichlorophenol Iodophenol titration, potassium permanganate pharmaceutical applications. 4. Precipitation titration : Precipitation reactions, solubility products, effect of acids, temperature and solvent upon the solubility of a precipitate. Argentometric titrations, ammonium or potassium thiocyanate titrations, mercuric nitrate titrations, Mohr’s method, Volhard’s method, Fajan’s method, Gay-lussac method, pharmaceutical applications. 5. Gravimetric Analysis : Precipitation techniques, solubility products, the colloidal state, supersaturational co-precipitation. Post precipitation, digestional washing of the precipitate filtration, filter papers and crucibles, Ignition, Thermogravemetric curves, specific examples like barium sulphate, aluminium as aluminium oxide, calcium as calcium oxalate and magnesium as magnesium pyrophoshate,, organic precipitants. 6. Theoretical considerations, and application in drug analysis and quality control of the following

analytical techniques will be discussed. 1. Non-aqueous titrations. 2. Complexometry. 3. Potentiometry 4. Conductometry. 5. Calorimety. 6. Polarography. 7. Amperometry. 8. Extraction procedure including separation of drug from excipients. 9. Chromatography:- Theory , mechanism of separation, types and practical aspects and

application of different chromatographic techniques. The following techniques will be discussed with relevant examples of pharmacopeial products. TLC, HPLC, GLC, HPTLC, paper chromatography and column chromatography.

10. Miscellaneous methods of analysis such as ; Diazotisation titration, Kjeldahl method of nitrogen estimation, Karlfischer titration, oxygen flask combustion, gasometry.

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS -I [Practical] The student should be introduced to the main analytical tools through demonstrations. They should have a clear understanding of a typical analytical balance, the requirements of a good balance, weights, care and use of balance, methods of weighing and errors in weighing. The students should also be acquainted with the general apparatus required in various analytical procedure.

1. Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of volumetric apparatus. 2.Acid Base Titrations ; Preparation and standardization of acids and bases, some exercise related with determination of acids and bases separately of in mixture form, some official assay procedure e.g. boric acid should also be covered. 3.Oxidation reduction titrations ; Preparation and standardization of some redox titrants e.g. potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulphate, etc., some exercises related to determination of oxidizing and reducing agents in the sample shall be covered. Exercises involving potassium iodate, potassium bromate, iodine solution, titanous chloride, sodium 2,6,-di chlorophenol idophenol, ceric ammonium sulphate be designed. 4. Precipitation Titrations ; Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver nitrate and ammonium thiocyanate, titrations according to Mohrs Volhards and Fajans methods. 5. Gravimetric Analysis ; Preparation of Gooch crucible for filtration and use of sintered glass crucible, determination of water of hydration, some exercises related to gravimetric analysis should be covered.

6. Non-aqueous Titrations ; Preparation and standardization of perchloric acid and sodium/ potassium/lithium methoxides solutions, Estimations of some pharmacopoeial products.

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7. Complexometric titrations ; Preparations and standardization of EDTA solution, some exercises related to pharmacopoeial assays by complexometric titrations. 8. Miscellaneous determinations. Exercises, involving diazotisation, Kjeldahl, Karl-Fischer, oxygen flask combustion and gasometry methods. Determination of alcohol content in liquid galenicals, procedure [BPC] shall be covered. 9. Experiments involving separation of drug from excipients. 10. Chromatographic analysis of some pharmaceutical products. 11. Exercises based on acid base titration in aqueous and non aqueous media, oxidation-reduction titration, precipitation titrations and complex formation titrations using potentiometric technique, determination of acid base dissociation constant and plotting of titration curves using pH meter. 12. Exercises involving polarimetry. 13. Exercises involving conductometric and polarographic techniques.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Quantitative Chemical Analysis by Aryes 2. A Text book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis by Vogel 3. A Text book of Pharma Analysis by Connors 4. Practical Pharma. Chemistry Part I & II by Backett and Stenlake 5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Willard 6. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by Ewing 7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Chatwal and Anand 8. The Quantitative Analysis of Drug by D.C.Garatt 9. Pharma. Analysis, Modern Methods Part I & II by James W. Munson

303. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY - I (Theory) 1. Basic principles of Medicinal chemistry: A.Physico-chemical aspects (Optical, geometric and bioisomerism of drug molecules and

biological action, Drug-receptor interaction including transduction mechanism and G.proteins. Principles of drug design (Theoretical Aspects): Traditional analog (QSAR) and mechanism based approaches (Introduction to graph theory, applications of quantum mechanics), Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) and molecular modelling. B.Heterocyclic compounds : Chemistry, Preparation and properties of some important heterocyclics containing 5 and 6 atoms with 1 or 2 heteroatoms like 0,N,S and their condensed derivatives(Bicyclic only)

2. Synthetic procedures of selected drugs:- mode of action, uses Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) including physicochemical properties

of the following class of drugs should be covered. Bio-chemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.

2.1 Drugs acting at syneptic and neuro-effector junction sites: 1.Cholinergic and Anticholinesterases. 2. Adrenergic drugs. 3. Antispasmodic and antiulcer drugs. 4. Neuromuscular blocking agents.

SAR of sympathomimetic amines, Acetylcholine analogs and antimascarinics. Synthesis of Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Amphetamine, Naphajoline, Phenylephrine, Methacholine chloride, Neostigmine bromide, Pyridostigmine, Cyclopentolate, Dicyclomine and Succinyl choline chloride.

2.2Autocoids:

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1. Antihistamines 2. Eicosanoids SAR of Antihistamines. Synthesis of Mepyramine , Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, Promethazine, Chlorocyclizine Omeprazole, Phenindamine, triprdiding, meclizing, cemetidine, Astemizole, pheniramine, Ranitidine, cyproheptadine..

2.3.Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System: General Anesthetics, Local anesthetics, Hypnotics and sedatives, Opioid analgesics, antitussives, Anticonvulsants, Antiparkisonian drugs, CNS stimulants, psychopharmocological agents [neuroleptics, antidepressants, anxiolytics], Non-Steroidal Antiinflamatory Drugs(NSAID)

SAR of Local anaesthetics, Benzodiazepines, Phenothiazines. Synthesis of Procaine, Lignocaine, Diazepam, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbitone, Hexabarbitone, Pethidine, Methadone, Theophylline, Nikethamide, Chlorepromazine, Amitryptilline, Meprobamate, Paracetamole, Aspirine, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Phenylbutazone, Barbituric acid, benzocaine, bupivacaine, caffeine, carbamazepine, chiordizepoxide, ethosuccimine Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, alopurinol, imepramine, pentobarbitone, phenytoine, probanacid, prochorperazine, reserpine, socliumpentothenate, trilocaine, valprocacid..

2.4 Drugs affecting uterine motility. Oxytocis (including oxitocin, ergot alkaloids,and prostaglandins)

3.Pharmaceutical Aids: Sovents and vehicals, Preservatives and antioxidents, coloring agents, Flavouring agents, sweetening agents, acidifying agents, etc. 4.Diagnostic agents 5. Drugs acting on Respiratiory tract: Anti-asthamatics, Anti-tussives, Expectorants,

Analeptics (Respiratiory stimulants). 6. Drugs acting on Gastro-intestinal tract: Anti-ulcers & Antacids, Anti-emetics, Prokinetic

agents, Anti-diarrhoeals, Laxatives. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY -I (Practical) 1. Establishing the pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesised. 2. Workshop on stereo models use of some selected drugs. 3. Synthesis of selected drugs from the course content involving two or more steps and their spectral

analysis. 4.Establishing the pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesised. 5.Orgonic spotting of binary mixture with derivative prepation and TLC BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Medicinal Chemistry by Burger 2. Text book of Organic Medicinal and Pharm. Chem. by Wilson & Gisvold 3. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry by Foye, Williams and Lemke 4. A Hand book of Organic Analysis by Clarke 5. A Text book of Practical Organic Chemistry by Vogel 6. Quantitative Organic Analysis by Cheronis 7. I.L finar ,organic chemistry volume I &II.ELBS /Longman ,London 304.PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY(BIOCHEMISTRY) [Theory]

1. Biochemical organization of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane. 2. The concept of free energy, determination of change in free energy from equilibrium constant and reduction potential bioenergetics, production of ATP and its biological significance. 3. Enzymes ; Nomenclatures, enzyme Kinetics and its mechanism of action, mechanism of inhibition, isozymes and isoenzymes in clinical diagnosis.

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4. Co-enzymes ; Vitamins as co-enzymes and their significance, Metals as co-enzymes and their significance 5. Carbohydrates metabolism :- Conversion of polysaccharide to glucose- -phosphate, glycolysis and fermentation and their regulation, Gluconeogenisis and glycogenolysis, metabolism of galactose and galactosemia. Role of sugar nucleosides in biosynthesis, and pentosephosphate pathway. 6. The citric acid cycle ; Significance, reactions and energetic of the cycle, Amphibolic role of the cycle and Glyoxalic acid cycle. 7. Lipids metabolism Oxidation of fatty acids, beta-oxidation & energestics alpha oxidation. W-oxidation, Biosynthesis of ketones bodies and their utilisation, biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, control of lipids metabolism, Essential fatty acids & eicosanoids [prostaglandens, thromboxens] phospholipids, and sphingolipids. 8. Biological oxidation Redox-potential, enzymes and co-enzymes involved in oxidation reduction

its control, The respiratory chain, its role in energy capture and its control, Energestics of oxidative phosphorylation, Inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation and, mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.

9. Nitrogen & sulphur cycle ; Nitrogen fixation, ammonia assimilation, nitrification and nitrate assimilation, sulphate activation, sulphate reduction. Incorporation of sulphur in organic compounds, Release of sulphur from organic compounds.

10. Metabolism of Ammonia and Nitrogen containing Monomers ; Nitrogen balance, Biosynthesis of amino acids, catabolism of amino acids, conversion of amino acids to specialized products, Assimilation of ammonia, Urea cycle, metabolic disorders of urea cycle, metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids, porphyrin biosynthesis, formation of bile pigments, hyperbilirubinemia, purine nucleotide interconversion, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and formation of deoxyribonucleotides.

11. Biosynthesis of nucleic acids ; Brief introduction of genetic organisation of the mammalian, genome, alteration and rearrangements of genetic material, Biosynthesis of DNA and its replication, Mutation, physical & chemical mutagenesis/carcinogenesis, DNA repair mechanism, Biosynthesis of RNA.

12. Genetic code and protein synthesis ; Genetic code, components of protein synthesis, and Inhibition of protein synthesis. 13. Regulation of gene expression 14.Techniques used in biochemistry: Spectrophotometry, Centrifugation, Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Extraction and purification of nucleic acids 15.water and mineral metabolism: A brief introduction PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (BIOCHEMISTRY) [Practical] 1. To prepare standard buffers [citrate, phosphate, and carbonate] and measure pH 2. Titration curve for amino acids. 3. Separation of amino acids by two dimensional paper chromatography and gel electrophoresis 4. The separation of lipids by TLC. 5. Separation of serum proteins by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. 6. Quantitative estimation of amino acids. 7. Quantitative estimation of proteins. 8. The identification of c-terminal amino acids of a protein. 9. The determination of glucose by means of the enzyme glucose oxides. 10. Enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen by alpha & beta amylase. 11. Effect of temperature on the activity of alpha- amylase.

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12. Estimation of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and BRN in the serum. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Harper’s Review of Biochemistry by Martin 2. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stump 3. Biochemistry by Lehninger 4. Textbook of Biochemistry by Harron and Mazur 5. Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao 6. Textbook of Biochemistry by Varunkumar Malhotra 305. PHARMACOLOGY III [Theory] 1. Bioassay of drugs and Biological standardization:

Importance, principles and methods of bioassay. Pyrogen testing, discovery and development of New Drugs. Bioassay methods of important drugs.

2.Chemotherapy a). General principles of chemotherapy. b). Sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, Quinolones,nitrofurans. c). Antibiotics:- Penicilines, cephalosporins, Betalactams, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol,Erythromycin and Miscellaneous Antibiotics.

d). Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal Diseases, viral diseases, urinary tract infections and sexually Transmitted Diseases [STD]. e).Chemotherapy of malignancy and Immunosuppressive Agents. f). Chemotherapy of the parasitic diseases:- Helmenthiasis, malaria, amoebiasis and other Protozoalinfections

3.Principals of Toxicology: Definition of Poison & General Principles of Treatment of Poisoning with particular reference to Barbiturates, Opioids, Organophosphorus & Atrojpine poisoning, Heavy metal poisoning. 4.Pharmacology of cardiovascular system.

a). Digitalis and cardiac glycosides. b). Antihypertensive drugs. c). Antianginal and Vasodilator drugs. d). Anti-arrhythmic drugs. e). Antihyperlipidemic drugs. f). Drugs used in the therapy of shock.

5.Drugs Acting on the Hemopoietic System. a). Haematinics. b). Anticogulants, Vitamin K and hemostatic agents. c). Fibrinolytic and anti-platelet drugs. d). Blood and plasma volume expanders. 6.Drugs Acting on the Urinary System :

a). Fluid and electrolyte balance. b). Diuretics 7. Drug Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract : a). Antacids, Antisecretory and Anti-ulcer Drugs. b). Laxatives and antidiarrhoeal drugs. c). Appetite stimulants and suppressants.

d). Emetics and anti-emetics. e). In Miscellaneous; carminatives, demulcents, protectives, mucolytics, Adsorbants, Astringents, Digestants and Enzymes. 8.Recent Advances:

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Nitric oxide & free radicals,Endothelins,Preliminary aspect of Molecular Pharmacology, Dermatological Pharmacology,Ocular Pharmacology, Gene therapy, Bone metabolism. PHARMACOLOGY III (Practicals) Dissection is stopped Vide UGC’s D.O. Letter No:F.1-80/2006(Secy) dated:31/10/06 All the topics of the practicals are being taught by Models, Charts, Figures , Slides and Software. 1.Experiments on Isolated preparations: a). To calculate the PA2 value of atropine using acetycholine as an agonist on rat ileum preparation.

b). To calculate the PA2 value of mepyramine or chlorpheniramine using histamine as agonist on guineapig ileum. c). To find out the strength of the given sample of agonist e.g.

Acetycholine, Histamine, 5-HT, Oxytocin etc. using a suitable isolated muscle preparation by Three point Assay, Four point Assay, graphical method, matching method etc.. 2. To study the Anti-secretary and anti-ulcer activity using pylorus ligated rats. 3. To demonstrate the effects of certain clinically useful drugs on human voulntears like Antihistaminics, Anti-anxiety and sedative drugs, Beta blockers etc.. 4. Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System. a) To study the ionotropic and Chronotropic effects of drugs on isolated & Perfused Frog Heart. b) To Study the effects of drugs on Normal & Hypodynamic Frog Heart.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics by Goodman & Gillman 2. Medical pharmacology by Goth 3. Pharmacology by Gaddum 4. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics by Satoshkar & Bhandarkar 5. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics by F.S.K. Barar 6. Lewis Pharmacology by Crossland 7. Textbook of pharmacology by Bowman & Rand 8. Essentials of medical pharmacology by K.D. Tripathi 9. Pharmacology by Rang & Dale 10. Elements of Pharmacology by Dr. Derasari & Dr. Gandhi 11. Drug interactions by Hansten 12. Introduction to general toxicology by Aries Simonsis & Offermeier 13. Toxicology: The basic science of poisons by Casorett & Doull 14. Clinical pharmacology by Lawrence 15. Principles of drug action by Goldstein Aronow & Kalaman 16. Drug Treatment by Averey 17. Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology by M.N. Ghosh 18. Handbook of experimental pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni 19. Pharmacological experiments on isolated preparations by Perry 20. Practicals in pharmacology by Dr. Goyal 306.PHARMACOGNOSY - III (Theory) 1. Study of the biological sources, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties, chemical constituents,

substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagonistic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following groups containing alkaloids.

1.1 Pyridine - piperidine : tobacco, areca and lobelia. 1.2 Tropane : Belladonna, hyoscyamus, datura, dubosia, coca and withania.

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1.3 Quinoline and isoquinoline : cinchona, ipecac, opium. 1.4 Indole : ergot, rauwolfia, chatharanthus , nux-vomica and physstostigma. 1.5 Imidazole : pterocarpus 1.6 Steroidal: veratrum and kurchi 1.7 Alkaloidal amine : ephedra and colonicum 1.8 Glycoalkaloid : Solanum should be taught from Trease and Evans latest edition. 1.9 Purines : coffee, Tea and coca. 1.10 Quinozoline: Vasaka

2. Role of medicinal plant & aromatic plants in national economy. 3. Biological source, preparation, identification tests & uses of following enzymes : Diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin , pancreatin. 4. General techniques of biosynthesis studies and basic metabolic pathways. An introduction to

biogenesis of secondary metabolities of pharmaceutical importance. 5. Introduction, classification & study of different Chromatographic methods & their applications in

evaluation of herbal drugs. 6. Chemical & spectral approaches to simple molecules of natural origin. 7. Concept of stereoisomerism taking example of natural products. 8. Chemistry, biogenesis & pharmacological activity of medicinally important monoterpenes-acyclic-

geraniol, monocyclic-limonene, menthone, carvone, bicyclicpinene, sesquiterpenes, B-caryophyllene, borneol; diterpenes-abietic acid, gibbereltic acid, triterpenoids-sterol-lanosterol, sitosterol, b-amyrin, oleanolic acid, squalene, cholesterol, stigmasterol.

9. Carotenoids: beta-carotenoids,alpha-carotenes, vitamin-A, Xanthophyllin of medicinal importance. 10. Glycosides: Chemistry, isolation, estimation & biosynthesis of digitoxin, digoxin, sennosides,

diosgenin. 11. Alkaloids: Chemistry & biogenesis & pharmacological activity of atropine & related compounds,

quinine reserpine, morphine, papaverine, ephedrine, ergot & vinca alkaloids. 12. Chemistry, isolation, estimation & biogenesis of medicinally important lignans & quassanoids,

flavonoids. 13. Chemistry & therapeutic activity of penicillin streptomycin & tetracyclines. 306 PHARMACOGNOSY - III (Practical) 1. Identification of crude drugs listed in theory by morphological characters. 2. Microscopical studies of some selected drugs mentioned in theory :- Datura, Vasaka,

Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Withania, Cinchona, Ephedra, Ipecac, Rauwolfia, Nuxvomica, Vinca, Digitalis, Glycyrrhiza, Senna.

3. Microscopical studies of selected powdered drugs of single or mixture of two to three components :- Datura, Vasaka, Hyoscyamus, Belladona, Cinchona, Ipecac, Rauwolfia, Nuxvomica, Digitalis, Glycyrrhiza, Senna, Rhubarb.

4. Identification of unorganized drugs mentioned in theory by morphological characters and chemical tests. 5. Chromatographic (T.L.C. paper) studies of some herbal constituents. 6. Laboratory experiments on isolation, separation,purification of various groups chemical

constituents of pharmaceutical significance. BOOKS RECOMENDED 1. Pharmacognosy by G.E.Trease and W.C.Evans 2. Text book of Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis 3. Pharmacognosy by V.E.Tylor,L.R.Brady and J.E.Robbers 4. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Dr.C.S.Shah and Prof. J.S.Qadry

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5. Pharmacognosy by S.S.Handa and V.K.Kapoor 6. Pharmacognosy by Prof.C.K.Kokate,Prof.A.P.Purohit & S.B.Gokhale 7. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Dr. Mohammed Ali 8. The Wealth of India (Raw Material & Industrial Product) 9. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plant Vol. I,II,III & IV 10. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants by Atal & Kapoor 11. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Atal & Kapoor 12. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Steiniger and Hansel 13. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Ramsted 14. Powdered Vegetable Drugs by B.P.Jeckson & D.W.Snewden 15. Biosynthetic products for cancer chemotherapy by George pattit vol I,II,III, plenum press Newyork 16. Natural products as Medicinal agents Ed. J.L.Beal, and Reinhard Hippocrates Verleg 17. Medicinal plants glycosides- Sim. Toronto. 18. Medicinal plants Alkaloids- Sim. Toronto. 19. Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. 20. Practical Pharmacognosy by Iyenger 21. Practical Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate 22.I.P.,B.P.,U.S.P.

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Dissection is stopped Vide UGC’s D.O. Letter No:F.1-80/2006(Secy) dated:31/10/06 All the topics of the practicals are being taught by Models, Charts, Figures ,Slides and Software FOURTH B.PHARM 401. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY (INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY )[Theory] 1. Liquid dosage forms: Introduction, types of additives used, vehicles, stabilizers, preservatives, emulsifying agents, solubilizers, colors, flavours , manufacturing, packaging and evaluation of ideal suspensions and emulsions official in pharmacopoeia. 2. Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, types, mechanisms of drug penetration through skin, factors influencing penetration, semisolid bases and their selection. General formulation of semisolids, clear gels, manufacturing procedure, evaluation and packaging. 3. Tablets: 3.1 Introduction to types of tablets ,Formulation of different types of tablets ;excipients, granulation techniques, Machinery for large scale granulation, physics of tablet making, compression machinery , In process controls, processing problems , Evaluation parameters and equipments. 3.2 Coating of tablets: objective, types of coating, film forming materials, formulation of coating solution, equipment for coating, coating process, evaluation of coated tablets , coating defects, specialized coating process. 4. Capsules: Advantage and disadvantages of capsule dosage form, size of capsules, material for production of hard gelatin capsules, Formulation of hard gelatin capsules, method of capsule filling, soft gelatin capsule, shell and capsule content, importance of base absorption and minimum/gm factors in soft capsule quality control, stability testing & storage of capsule dosage forms. 5. Microencapsulation. Introduction, techniques of microencapsulation, characterisation and applications. 6. Parenteral products: 6.1 Preformulation factors, routes of administration, vehicles- aqueous, nonaqueous; pyrogenicity, Pyrogen testing, isotonicity and methods of its adjustment, Modern methods for preparing WFI 6.2 Formulation details, containers and closures -types, characteristics, selection. 6.3 Prefilling treatment- washing of containers and closures, an introduction to glass, plastic and rubber as materials of containers and closures of parentral products. preparation of solution and suspensions, filling and closing of ampoules , vials, infusion fluids, opthalmic preparations, lyophillization & preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large scale manufacturing and evaluation of parenetral products. 6.4 Aseptic techniques, sources of contamination and method of prevention, Design of aseptic area, Laminar flow benches, services and maintenance. 7. Pharmaceutical aerosols: Definition, propellants, general formulation, Containers, Selection of components manufacturing and packaging methods, pharmaceuticals applications, Evaluation of aerosol. 8. Cosmetic technology: Fundamentals of cosmetic science, structure and functions of skin and hair, formulation, preparation and packaging of cosmetics for skin - Sunscreen, moisturizers, cold cream, and vanishing cream, hair - Shampoo and conditioners, dentifrice- powders, gels, paste and manicure preparations like nail polish, lipsticks, eye lashes, brief introduction on baby care products, shaving cream. 9.Packaging of pharmaceutical products:

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Packaging components, types, specifications, stability aspects of packaging. Packaging equipments, factors influencing choice of containers, legal and other official requirements for containers, package testing. 10. Labeling of pharmaceuticals: FDA requirements. 11. Good Manufacturing Practice For Pharmaceuticals: Introduction, WHO guidelines, practice of GMP- Procedure (SOP’S), Building, Equipment, Personnel, Components, Documentation, Containers, Labeling, Laboratory Control, Distribution Records, Recovery & Reprocessing . 12.Miscellaneous Topics: Introduction to manufacturing aspects of effervescent products, (powder , Granules) Nasal Products, Formulation of proteins and peptides. Applications of internet in pharmaceutical technology. 401. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY (INDUSTRIALPHARMACY) :[Practicals] 1. Preparation evaluation and packing of liquid orals like solutions, suspensions and emulsions, ointments, suppositories, aerosols, eye drops, eye ointments, etc. 2. Preparation of pharmacopoeial extracts and galenical products utilizing various methods of extraction. 3. Formulation of various types of cosmetics for skin, hair, dentifrice and manicure preparation. 4. Experiments to illustrate preparation, stabilization, physical and biological evaluation of pharmaceutical products like powders, capsules, tablets, parenterals, microcapsules

5. Evaluation of materials used in pharmaceutical packaging. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman. 2. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Formulation by Mithal. 4. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets by Lachman and others. 5. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems by Lieberman and others. 6. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medication by Lieberman and others. 7. Microencapsulation by Benita. 8. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems by Ansel & others. 9. GMP for Pharmaceuticals by Willig and Storker. 10. Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry by Williams and Schmitt. 11. Cosmetics: Formulation Manufacture and Quality Control by P.P. Sharma. 12. Cosmetics by Poucher. 402.DOSAGE FORM DESIGN ,BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACO KINETICS (THEORY) 1. Introduction to biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics including History and their role in formulation development & therapeutics and clinical setting. 2.Biopharmaceutics : a. Definition, absorption, distribution, metabolism(biotransformation) and excretion (elimination) of drugs, physicochemical, biological and pharmaceutical factors altering biopharmaceutical performance of drugs. Passage of drugs across biological barrier (passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion and pinocytosis). Factors influencing absorption- physiochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical. Drug distribution in the body, plasma protein binding. b. Bioavailability and equivalance, federal requirements, methods of determinition of bioavailability using blood level and urinary excretion data. Design and evaluation of bioavailability assessment. 3. Pharmacokinetics: 3.1 Definition and scope, Significance of plasma drug concentration measurement. 3.2 Compartment model:

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3.3 Phamacokinetics of drug absorption Zero order and first order absorption rate constant using Wagner- Nelson and Loo-Riegelman method.

3.4 Volume of distribution and distribution coefficient. 3.5 Compartment kinetics-onecompartment and two compartment models. Determination of

pharmaccokinetics parameters from plasma and urine data after drug administration by intravascular and oral route.

3.6 Curve fitting (Method of Residuals),regression procedures. 3.7 Clearance concept, mechanism of renal clearance, clearance ratio, determination of renal

clearance. 3.8 Hepatic elimination of drugs, first pass effect ,extraction ratio, hepatic clearance, biliary

excretion, extrahepatic circulation. 3.9 Non-linear pharmacokinetics with special reference to one compartment model after I.V. drug

administration, Michales Menten Equation, detection of non-linearity (Saturation mechanism). 3.10 In-vitro, in-vivo correlation 3.11 Numerical related to pharmacokinetic parameters using one compartmental models 4. Non-Compartmental Models: Statistical Moments, Application Bioavailability determination, Linear system pharmacokinetics. Unit impulse response, Deconvolution, Application in biovailability determination etc. 5. Bioavailability and bioequivalence : 5.1 Measures of biovailability, Cmax, tmax, AUC 5.2 Design of single dose bio-equivelent statistics, Study designs, crossover designs, Study protocol, log transformation of pharmacokinetic data, sequence effect, outliners 5.3 Overview of regulatory requirement of bio-equivalence study. 6. Preformulation studies : 6.1 Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size, density, wetting, dielectric constant, solubility, dissolution and organoleptic property and their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability. 6.2 Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization, polymerization etc., and their influence on formulation and stability of products. 6.3 Study of prodrugs in solving problems related to stability, bioavailability and elegance of formulations. 7. Design, development and process validation methods for pharmaceutical operations involved in the production of pharmaceutical products with special reference to tablets, suspensions. Prospective, retrospective validation, organizing of validation, Validation for dry heat, moist heat, filtration, ethylene oxide, radiation sterilization, Validation of parentrals,Solid dosage forms: validation of raw materials, Definition and control of process variables, guidelines, validation protocols 8. Stabilization and stability testing protocol for various pharmaceutical products. ICH guidelines for stability testing 9.Performance evaluation methods: 10.1Invitro dissolution studies for solid dosage forms methods, interprelation of dissolution data. 10.2 Bioavailability studies and bioavailability testing protocol and procedures. 11. Design, development, production and evaluation of controlled released formulations.

Introduction, design of Control release Drug Delivery Systems (Biopharmaceutic pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, characteristics of drug) Pharmacokinetic principles in design , development of CDDS, Drug release models, oral , parentral, ophthalmic, transdermal CDDS.

Drug targeting, Evaluation of CDDS, Bioavailabilty testing DOSAGE FORM DESIGN ,BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINE TICS [Practicals] 1. Experiments to illustrate absorption in various models to illustrate absorption of drug.

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2. Experiments to illustrate protein binding of drugs, K and N values of binding process. 3. Determination of plasma half life, elimination constant using plasma drug profile. 4. Determination of pharmacokinetics of single compartmental analysis. 5. Experiments to illustrate curve fitting, area under the blood level curves, binding bioequivalence

determinations. 6. Preformulation studies including drug-excipients compatibility studies, effect of stabilizers,

preservatives etc. in dosage form design. 7. Experiments demonstrating improvement in bioavailability through prodrug concept. 8. Stability evaluation of various dosage and their expiration dating. 9. Dissolution testing and date evaluation for oral solid dosage forms. 10. Evaluation of Bioequivalence of some marketed products. 11. In vivo bioavailability evaluation from plasma drug concentration and urinary excretion curves. 12. Design, development and evaluation of controlled relase formulations. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Physical Pharmacy by Martin 2. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman. 3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Formulation by Mithal. 5. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets by Lachman and others. 6. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems by Lieberman and others. 7. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medication by Lieberman and others. 8. Microencapsulation by Benita. 9. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems by Ansel & others. 10. Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery by N.K. Jain. 11. Drug Stability by Carstenen. 403. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY -II [Theory] 1.Drug Metabolism and concepts in prodrug.

2. Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physiochemical aspects of the following classes of drugs should be covered.[Biochemical apparoches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.] A. Anti-hypertensives B. Anti-arrhythmic agents. C. Anti-anginal agents D. Antihyperlipidemic agents E.Cardiotonics F. Diuretics G. Anticoagulants,Antiplatelets & Antithrombolytics. 3.Drug design-introduction various approaches for lead optimization, physicochemical parameters used in QSAR & different methods of QSAR. Introduction to molecular modeling. 4.Synthetic procedures of official drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship (including physico-chemical aspects) of the following classes of drugs A. Sulphonamides & Fluroquinolones B. Antimalarials C. Antileprotic drugs D. Antitubercular drugs E. Antiseptic & Disinfectants F. Antifungal agents G. Antiamoebic agents H. Antiviral drugs including anti-HIV

I. Antineoplastic agents J. Immunosuppressive agents 5.Antibiotics: General chemistry of (-lactum antibiotics, amino glycoside antibiotics, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolide antibiotics, polyene & polypeptide antibiotics. 6.Hormones: Thyroid & antithyroid drugs , Insulin & hypoglycemic agents, Steroid hormones, Detailed study of sex hormones & adrenal cortex hormones including synthetic substitutes, SAR in synthetic substitutes . Note: Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.

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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY—II (PRACTICAL) 1. Selected drug synthesis from the course content. 2. Special analysis of the drug synthesized. 3. Organic spotting of binary mixtures with derivative preparation & TLC. 4. Establishing pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesized.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1) Medicinal Chemistry by Burger 2) Text book of Organic Medicinal and Pharm. Chem. by Wilson & Gisvold 3) Principles of Medicinal Chemistry by Foye, Williams and Lemke 4) A Hand book of Organic Analysis by Clarke 5) A Text book of Practical Organic Chemistry by Vogel 6) Quantitative Organic Analysis by Cheronis .

404.PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS -II ( INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE) [The ory]

A) Quality Assurance:- 1. GLP, ISO 9000, TQM, Quality Review and Quality Documentation. 2. Regulatory control, Regulatory drug analysis, Interpretation of Analytical data 3. Validation, Quality audit, Quality of Equipment, Validation of equipment, Validation of

analytical procedure. B) The theoretical aspects, basic instrumentation, elements of interpretation of spectra and

applications of the following analytical techniques should be discussed 1. Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry. 2. Fluorimetry. 3. Infrared spectrophotometry. 4. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy including C- 13 NMR 5. Mass Spectrometry 6. Flame Photometry. 7. Emission Spectroscopy. 8. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. 9. X-ray Diffraction. 10. Radioimmunoassay. 11.Chromatography :Principle ,instrumentation and applications of gas chromatography

,HPLC and HPTLC PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-II [Practicals] 1 Qiantitative estimation & general tests of at least ten formulations containing single drug or more than one drug, using instrumental techniques. 2 Complete monograph of 0ne or two raw materials as per I.P. 3 Estimation of Na+,K+,Ca++, ions using flame photometer. 4 Electro analytical techniques like pH metry, potentiometry, conductometry.

5 Other analytical techniques like polarimetry, Karl Fischer titration, identification of drugs by I.R.. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. A Text book of Pharma. Analysis by Connors 2. Practical Pharma. Chemistry Part I & II by Buckett and Stenlake 3. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Willard 4. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by Ewing 5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Chatwal and Anand 6. The Quantitative Analysis of Drug by D.C.Garatt 7. Organic Chemistry by Morison and Boyd

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8. Spectoscopy of Organic Compounds by P.S.Kalsi 9. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds by Silverstein 10. Application of Absorption Spectoscopy of Org. Compd. by J.R.Dyer 405.PHARMACOGNOSY-IV ( PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS ) THEO RY :

1 World wide trade in medicinal plants & derived products with special reference to diogenin (Dioscorea), taxol(Taxus spp.), digitalis, tropane alkaloid containing plants, papain, cinchona, ipecac, ginseng, aloe, valerian, rauwolfia & plants containing laxatives, artemisia, camptothesia.

2 A brief account of plant based industries & institution involved in work on medicinal & aromatic plants in India, Utilization & production of phytoconstituents such as quinine, calcium sennosides, podophyllotoxin, solasodine & tropane alkaloids.

3 Utilization of aromatic plants & derived products with special reference to sandalwood oil,

mentha oil, lemon grass oil, vetiver oil, geranium oil & eucalyptus oil. 4 Historical development of plant tissue culture,type of cultures, nutritional requirements,

growth & their maintenance, applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy . Plant cell immobilization.

5 Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants. 6 Marine pharmacognosy, novel medicinals from marine sources. 7 Natural allergens & photosensitizing agents & fungal toxins. 8 Herbs as health food. 9 Herbal cosmetics on commercial scale. 10 Intorduction, classification & study of different methods of chromatography, applications in

evaluation of herbal drugs. 11 Studies of traditional drugs, common vernacular names, botanical sources, morphology,

chemical nature of chief constituents, pharmacology, categories & common uses & marketed formulations of following indigenous drugs: Amla, Satavari, Tylophora, Bhilama, Kalijiri, Karen, Nagod, Rasna, Punarnava, Chitrak, Aparmarg, Gokhru, Shankhpusphi, Brahmi, Adulsa, Arjuna, Ahoka, Methi, Palash, Guggal, Gymanema, Shilajit, Nagarmotha Neem, Garlic, Majith, Chakramadu, Galo,Malkangni, Karanj, Pepper & Vaj.

12 The holistic concept of drug administration in traditional system of medicine, introduction to ayurvedic preparation like Arishtas, Asavas, Gutikas, Tailas, Churnas, Lehyas & Bhasmas.

PHARMACOGNOSY—IV (PRACTICAL) 1 Isolation of some selected phytoconstituents studied in theory. 2 Extraction of volatile oils & their chromatographic profiles. 3 Some experiment in plant tissue culture. 4 Chromatographic studies of some herbal constituents. 5 Excercises on paper & thin layer chromatographic evaluations of herbal drug constituents. 6 Identification of traditional drugs listed in theory. 7 Standardization of some traditional drug formulations

BOOKS RECOMENDED 1. Pharmacognosy by G.E.Trease and W.C.Evans 2. Text book of Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis 3. Pharmacognosy by V.E.Tylor,L.R.Brady and J.E.Robbers 4. The Wealth of India (Raw Material & Industrial Product) 5. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plant Vol. I,II,III & IV 6. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants by Atal & Kapoor 7. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants by Atal & Kapoor

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8. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Steiniger and Hansel 9. Text book of Pharmacognosy by Ramsted 10. Powdered Vegetable Drugs by B.P.Jeckson & D.W.Snewden 11. Biosynthetic products for cancer chemotherapy by George pattit vol I,II,III, plenum press Newyork 12. Natural products as Medicinal agents Ed. J.L.Beal, and Reinhard Hippocrates Verleg 13. Medicinal plants glycosides- Sim. Toronto. 14. Medicinal plants Alkaloids- Sim. Toronto. 15. Indian Medicinal Plants by Kirtikar and Basu. 16. Phytochemische praktikum by wagner. 17. Natural products by Ikan R Israel Uni. Press, Jarusalem 1969 18. Experimental pharmacognosy by Tylar V.E and Schwarting A.E, borgess publication. 19. Isolierum Und Kennenzeikhnung by stahl E and Schild W. 20. Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. 21. Practical Pharmacognosy by Iyenger 22. Practical Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate 23.I.P.,B.P.,U.S.P. 406.CLINICAL PHARMACY INCLUDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: 1. Introduction to clinical pharmacy. 2. Basic concepts of pharmacotherapy a. recording of medication history , self medication , non-prescription drug usage , improving patient compliance and providing patient counseling, communication skills – behavioral and interpersonal with patients and other professionals. b.Clinical pharmacokinetics and individulisation of drug therapy. c. Drug delivery systems and their Biopharmaceutic & therapeutic considerations. d. Drug use during Infancy and in the Elderly [pediatrics & Geriatrics]. e. Drug use during pregnancy. f. Drug induced diseases.

g.Adverse drug reactions and the role of clinical pharmacists in their monitoring and prevantion. [pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance .]

3. Intrepretation of clinical laboratory tests and its significance. 4.Important disorders of organ systems and their management : a. Cardiovascular disorders : Hypertention Congestive Heart failure Angina Acute Myocardial Infraction Cardian Arrhythmias. b. CNS Disorders : Epilepsy Parkinsonism Schizophrenia Depression. c. Respiratory Disease : Asthma. d. Gastrointestinal Disorders Peptic ulcer Disease Ulcerative colitis Hepatitis cirrhosis e. Endocrine Disorders f Infectious diseases: Tuberculosis urinary tract infection, Enteric Infections, upper respiratory infections g. Hematopoietic Disorders : Anemias. h. joint and connective Tissue Disorders Rheumatic Diseases Gout and Hyperuricemia. i Neoplasic Disorders Acute Leukaemias Hodgkin!s Disease and carcinoma of Breast. 5. Drugs in clinical toxicology

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Introduction, general treatment of poisinong, systemic antidotes, treatment of insecticide, heavy metal, narcotic drugs, barbiturates and organophosphorus poisoning. 6. Drug interactions: Introduction, mechanism, drug-food interactions, drug-drug interactions with reference to analgesics, diuretics, GIT, hypoglycemics, cardiovascular drugs and vitamins. 7. Therapeutic drug monitoring 8. Concept of Essential Drug and Rational Drug use. 9. Modern Dispensing aspects- Clinical pharmacists and patient counseling and advice for the use of common drugs, medication history. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1.Encycopaedia of Clinical Pharmacy by Dipiro 2.Clinical pharmacy including pathophysiology by Dr.R.K.Goyal 3. Textbook of Therapeutics by Herfindal 407.PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (Theory ) 1. Basic Principles of Management: Introduction to Managemant,Evolution of Management Theories,Introducation to basic Management Functions (Planning, Organising,Leading and Controlling), Planning: Decision Making, Strategic And Short Term Planning, Advantages of Planning ,Organising:Organising:Organisational Departments,Organisational Design and Organizational Structure,Leading:Leadership Styles and Various Leadership Models, Communication, Controlling: Methods of Effective Control Concept of Quality Management, Basic of Inventory Management. 2.Organizational Behavior: Motivation-Maslow's theory, Herzberg's theory, Three Need Theory, Group Behavior 3. Pharmaceutical Marketing: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Marketing, Organization of Marketing Department, Market Research, Market Information Systems, Market Segmentation, Pricing Policies, Channels of Distributions,Advertising,Sales Promotion,(With Specific Reference to Pharmaceutical Industries), Study of Marketing Strategies of Major Player in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry 4.Salesmanship: Sales Force Management: Recruiting and Selecting Sales Personnel, Motivating and Compensating Sales personnel, the sales budget,Quotas,Sales Territories ,Sales Control and Cost Analysis, The Effective Sales Executive. 5.Accountancy for Pharmacist: Principles of Accountancy: ledger posting and book entries, preparation of trial Balance, columns of cash book, Bank reconciliation statement, rectification of Errors, profits and loss account, balance sheet, purchase keeping and pricing of Stocks, treatment of cheques bills of exchange promissory notes and hundies documentary bills. (Preliminary idea) 6.Economics and Foreign Trade: Principals of economics with specials reference to the laws of demand and supply demand schedule ,demand curves,WTO, Briefing about new EXIM policy of Government of India with special reference to Pharmaceutical Industry, Export-Import procedure .

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7.Materials Managements: A brief exposure of the basic princikples of materials, management purchase, stores & inventory control ( Eligibility, efficiency, evaluation, recruitment methodology, service conditions, termination performance evaluation, etc.) 8.Production Management: A brief exposure of the different aspects of production management. A visible & invisible inputs, methodology of activities, performance evaluation technique, process flow, process know-how, maintenance management.. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Principles of Accountancy - S.P.Gupta 2. Principles of Accountancy - M.C.Shukla 3. Marketing Management - Rajan Saxena 4. Marketing Management - Kotler 5. Principles & Practice of Management - L.M.Prasad 6. Principals Of Management - Stoner 7. Current Documents Related to EXIM policy, WTO etc.,

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