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Discussion week 7
Term project details Fronts and the five stages of a frontal
cyclone Weather map and homework example Cold air outbreaks Freezing rain discussion
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Term Project
5% of Grade
Worth 1.2 Homeworks
2 parts:
-Presentation about how to prepare for a disaster-Questions about food and water preparedness-Turn in draft of project for feedback.worth 3 of27 points
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Part 1: The context
Your boss asks you to make a presentation toexplain to different groupshow topreparefor a disaster.
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Part 1: Make a Presentation
Display with pictures and bullet point Explanations are to be placed in the notes
section of the powerpoint
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
1. disaster overview
Pick a region of the country: What types ofdisasters is it realistic to prepare for?
How long does this disaster usually affect us?How long should we plan for?
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
2. Communication plan
You dont have to MAKE one! Explainn What is it?n What does it include?n How to make one?n You can make a sample one if you think it will make
your explanations clearer.
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
2. Communication plan
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
2. Communication plan
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
3. Personal information card
You dont have to MAKE one! Explainn What is it?n What information on them?
Financial Medical Passport numbers Drivers license number
n Why is it important?n You can make a sample one if you think it will makeyour explanations clearer.
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
3. Personal information card
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Part 1: What your presentation should include:
4. Item selection if evacuation
What type of clothing, food, medical supplies,irreplaceable items...? How much? What parameters to consider? (rain, cold,
duration of the event..) Justify IN RELATION WITH THE DISASTER. Dont simply establish a list of items, but
justify your advise.
Medical suppliesIrreplaceable items
Other items
ClothingEmergency food
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Part 1: Example Outline
Slide 1: Disaster Overview Slide 2: Communication Plan Slide 3: Example of a Communication Plan Slide 4: Personal Information Card Slide 5: Example of an Information Card Slide 6: Deciding Clothing Slide 7: Deciding Emergency
Slide 8: Deciding Food Slide 9: Deciding Medical Supplies Slide 10: Deciding Un-replaceable items
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Part 2: Questions
Go to:http://www.redcross.org
And read about Preparing and Getting Trained
Also,
http://www.ready.gov/america/_downloads/Ready_Brochure_Screen_EN_20040129.pdf
Answer Questions on separate paper
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Part 2: Meal Plan
You have to plan 3 meals on 3 days at home(can be useful even without any disaster!)
n Depends on size of party and duration of planningn
Meal Quantityn Water distributionFor help, go to the following website:
http://www.choosemyplate.gov
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Fronts 4 Basic types: warm, cold, stationary, & occluded
fronts
Frontal Cyclones 5 stages of their life cycle from growth to decay Locations of fronts during life cycle stages
Cold air outbreaks how they form
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Frontal Cyclone 1: prior to growth
Notice: Cold cP air on one side, warm
mT on the other.
This is a stationary front.Neither the cold air nor the
warm air is advancing.
Alternating half-circles (red)and triangles (blue) on
opposite sides indicate a
stationary front.
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Frontal Cyclone 2:
initial stage Black arrows show motion of 2 frontsand the low L Blue triangles indicate cold front. Cold
air (blue arrows) is being drawnsouthward behind the low. Triangles on
side cold air moving towards.
Red half-circles indicate warm front.Warm air drawn north ahead of the low(red arrow). Half circles onside warmair is moving towards.
Green shading where is precipitation
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Frontal Cyclone 3:
main growing stage
Growth process accelerates More grey contours: SLP at center
of low is lower. The storm gaining
strength, growing.
Distance between cold and warmfronts is decreasing because the cold
front moves faster than the warm
front
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Frontal Cyclone 4:
mature stage
Frontal cyclone at max strength: Cold front catches the warm front
and cuts off the low pressure center
A hybrid front appears: occludedfront (purple) with alternating trianglesand half circles on the same side: sidethe front is moving towards.
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Frontal Cyclone 5:
decaying stage
System decaying: Pressure at center of low is
increasing. The storm is
losing strength.
Alternating red half-circlesand blue triangles onopposite sides indicates a
new stationary front. Cycle can repeat again.
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Surface weathermap: Homework
example
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The Jet Stream and Cold Air Outbreaks:
-Why causes the seasonalshift in the location of thejet stream?
-Relationship to storm
tracks
-What balance are stormstrying to restore?
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How do cold air outbreaks (CAO) form? (1)
1. a warm air mass amplifies jet streamridge over Alaska (sfc High)
2. that ridge shoves the cold air thatwas over AK to the east
3. the (polar front) jet stream followsshape of ridge (bowed northward) andthe trough (bowed southward)
4. Following geostrophic balance, thewinds are northwesterly on the Eastside of upper level ridge
5. a developing frontal cyclone in thosesouthward winds first follows thedirection of the jet (towards southeast).
6. as the frontal cyclone develops, itamplifies the southward motion of thecold air mass
7. the result: a CAO behind the frontalcyclone
Ironically, unusual warmth in Alaska can be catalyst for CAO
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CAO contributing factor 1: snow cover The presence of snow cover helps amplify the cold air.
snow reflects sunlight during day snow looses heat rapidly at night (by infra-red radiation)
Snow cover produces strong infra-red(IR) radiational cooling that makes
air mass colder
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CAO contributing factor 2: air path
1) The presence of snowcover helps amplify thecold air. snow reflects sunlight
during day
snow looses heat rapidly atnight (by infra-red
radiation) 2) A path from the Arctic
that avoids large waterbodies (Pacific, Atlantic,Gulf of Mexico) preserves
the coldness of the airmass
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