Discripion in the context of doha developments and and indian impact

8/14/2019 Discripion in the context of doha developments and and indian impact

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Presentation on the

Doha Development Round & currentscenario


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DOHA ROUNDThe Doha Round began with a ministerial-level meeting in Doha, Qatar in 2001

The Doha Development Round or Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is the

current trade-negotiation round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) whichcommenced in November 2001.

Its objective is to lower trade barriers around the world, which allows countries toincrease trade globally.

The most significant differences are between developed nations led bythe European Union (EU), the United States (USA) and Japan and themajor developing countries led and represented mainly byIndia, Brazil, China and South Africa.

the EU and the U.S. over their maintenance of agricultural subsidiesseen tooperate effectively as trade barriers.

Subsequent ministerial meetings took place in Cancn, Mexico (2003), and HongKong(2005). Related negotiations took place in Geneva, Switzerland (2004, 2006,2008); Paris, France (2005); and Potsdam, Germany (2007).


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KEY ISSUES IN DOHA

Agriculture has become the linchpin of the agenda for bothdeveloping and developed countries .

Compulsory licensing of medicines and patent protection .

A second deal with a review of provisions giving special anddifferential treatment to developing countries .

Problems that developing countries are having inimplementing current trade obligations.

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Issues

Agricultural market access

Agricultural subsidies

Industrial market access

Services

Trade facilitation


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Agricultural marketaccess: The US currently has much lower agricultural tariffs than the EU or

advanced developing economies. It therefore wanted a 90%reduction of highest farm tariffs and an average tariff cut of 66% fordeveloped countries.

The US also accused the EU of using sensitive products tocounterbalance the level of new market access it was offering,because the EU wished to maintain higher protection levels for 8%

of its farm products.


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Agricultural subsidies:

Although agriculture makes up only 8% of world trade, itrepresents the main income source for about 2.5 billionpeople, mainly in developing countries.

The EU agreed to slash its overall trade-distorting subsidies(OTDS) by 75%, as the G20 group of developing countries

were requesting. EU OTDS levels reduced from 58.1 billion in actual

spending in 2004 to a future cap of around 28 billion The US proposal to reduce its OTDS by 53% but the EU

and G20 complained that this could actually lead to an

increase in US farm subsidies as the latter actually only paidout $19.7 billion in such payments. They demanded minimum cuts of 60% and 75%

respectively, but the US refused to give in.


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Services

trade in services faces considerable restrictions,mostly based on national regulations, such astechnical standards or licensing requirements andprocedures

The World Bank estimates that developing countries

could gain nearly $900 billion in annual income fromelimination of their barriers to trade in services.

Discussions in the WTO focused on establishingdisciplines to ensure that domestic regulatorymeasures do not create unnecessary barriers to

trade. Significant progress was made in this area butnegotiations on market access stood still as a resultof the lack of movement on agricultural and industrialmarket access.


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Trade facilitation

Numerous studies show that tradefacilitation is a win-win game.

Greater transparency and procedural

uniformity at country borders couldgenerate twice as much gain to GDPthan tariff liberalization.

Especially for developing countriesbecause of their comparatively lessefficient customs administrations.


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INDIAN ASPECT


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Indian Agriculture- Some Facts

Contributes to 15% of GDP

Provides food to 1Billion people

Sustains 65% of the population : helps alleviate poverty

Produces 51 major Crops

Provides Raw Material to Industries

Contributes to 1/6th of the export earnings

One of the 12 Bio-diversity centers in the world with over46,000 species of plants and 86,000 species of animalsrecorded

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Major Achievements

India is Largest producer in the world of pulses , tea , and milk.

Second Largest producer of fruits, vegetables, wheat ,rice, groundnut and sugarcane.

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Indian Agriculture Scenario

STRENGTHS Rich Bio-diversity Arable land Climate Strong and well dispersed

research and extensionsystem

OPPORTUNITIES Bridgeable yield crops Exports Agro-based Industry Horticulture Untapped potential in the

N.E.

WEAKNESS Fragmentation of land Low Technology Inputs Unsustainable Water

Management Poor Infrastructure Low value additionTHREATS Unsustainable Resource

Use Unsustainable Regional

Development Imports

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Current Concerns

Pressure of the Population on Land

Skewed distribution of operational holdings Land Degradation

Water Balance

Low level of mechanization

Low Fertilizer Consumption

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The First Ever National Agriculture Policy was announced in

July 2000. The Policy seeks to overcome these constraints and

achieve A Growth rate in excess of 4 percent per annum in the

agriculture sector.

Growth that is based on efficient use of resources, and

conserves our soil, water , and bio diversity.

Growth with equity, i.e. growth which is widespread

across regions, and different classes of farmers.

Growth that is demand driven and stabilizes domestic

markets and maximizes benefits from exports in the face

of Global Challenges.

Growth that is sustainable ,technologically ,

environmentally, and economically.

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The Policy has indicated a nine-fold package of

policy initiatives to achieve the objectives

Development of Sustainable agriculture

Food and Nutritional security

Generation and Transfer of Technology

Improvement of input efficiency Provision of incentives for agriculture

Promotion of Investments in agriculture

Strengthening of institutional infrastructure

Better risk management

Introduction of Management Reforms

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TARGETS

Food Grain Production will be doubled in ten years, so

as to make India hunger free . Special emphasis will be on horticulture production in

order to achieve a quantum increase.

Allied sectors like live stock, dairy poultry, fisheries,

will be promoted Production of oilseeds and pulses will be raised

substantially.

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Strategies & Initiatives : Enhancing Value Addition

- 98% of fruits and vegetables are sold as fresh

products.

-processing accounts for only 7% of agricultural value.

- wastage levels are extremely high.

Improved post harvest interventions: price supportmechanism, grading, handling, storage, packaging,

marketing, processing.

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Strategies & Initiatives : Enhancing Value Addition

Draft National Policy on Food Processing prepared.

Draft Processed Food Development Act formulated.

Package of promotional schemes available for

infrastructure development and quality improvement.

To raise the processing level by 10% , an investment of

approximately Rs 1400 billion required.

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Strategies & Initiatives : Promotion of Exports

Indias competitive advantage

- Diverse agro climatic conditions.

- Sufficiency of Inputs.

- Reasonable labour costs.

Agriculture exports from India account for less than 1% worldtrade in Agriculture commodities.

- Target is to raise Indias share to 2% .

Thrust Areas Improvement and maintenance of quality.

Consonance with International Standards.

Strengthening of Infrastructure.

Identification of niche products and markets.

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Indias Agricultural Export Potentials

Marine Products

Rice

Wheat

Condiments and Spices

Cashew

Tea

Coffee

Castor

Jute

Fruits and Vegetables- Onions, Mango, Grapes,Banana, Tomato , Potato , Lichchi ,etc.

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Trade Interests ofDeveloping CountriesDeveloping countries have a shared

interest in exporting.Their greatest interest in the Doha Round is market access for

their labor-intensive exports

Exceptions to this shared interest If they export different things

If they export to each other

If some already have preferential market access thatwould be eroded

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Developing countries can gain bycooperating Interests are sufficiently common that they can and should

act together

Actions of the G-20 in Cancun were encouraging, eventhough they led to the failure of the meeting

Can they act collectively outside the WTO? Probably not

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Conclusions

What is best for developing countries? Thats easy: Success in the Doha Round

That success, as well as the full benefits of success todeveloping countries, requires that they offer to reducetheir tariffs

Developing countries must recognize that tariff reductionsare in their interests

For the traditional gains from trade For buying market access for their exports

If the Doha Round fails, then the best remaining options are

Aid for trade

Bilateral/regional FTAs

Unilateral liberalization in most, but not all, cases

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CURRENT HAPPENINGS


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Earlier this month, at New Delhi, Ministers from over 35 countries,pledged to conclude the round by 2010. They stressed that reinforcingthe multilateral trading system through the conclusion of the Doharound was essential in the context of the current economic crisis.

To speed up the pace of the negotiations, they also agreed that senior

officials should meet in Geneva from September 14 to draw up aprocess of engagement for the next two to three months and to workwith the chairs of the negotiating groups to contribute to preparing anoverall agenda of engagement

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has established a Doha workplan, outlining the needs of the negotiating process betweenSeptember and December 2009, if the ambition of concluding the DohaDevelopment round in 2010 is to be met. This is what Ministers inDelhi asked us for. It is an important step, and I appreciate the effortand co-operation that has gone into it, said WTO DG Pascal Lamy.

The chances of concluding the round in 2010 depended very much onthe political engagement it depends on engagement at all levels,multilaterally, plurilaterally and bilaterally, starting now, he added.

Lamy also stated that he would deliver the same message to theleaders of the Group of 20 (G20), when he met with them in Pittsburghon September 24 and September 25. Leadership is aboutresponsibility, he stressed. Failure to act not just in Pittsburgh, butalso here in Geneva will be hard felt by the entire internationalcommunity at this time of economic crisis.

.


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DDA Work Plan September

- December 2009


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SEPTEMBER

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday


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21

Official

22

Informal TNC

Rules meeting

(Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies

23

NAMA meeting

(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair

consultations on

case-specific

flexibilities,preference

erosion, other

issues)

Rules meeting

(Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies)

CTESSWorkshop on

environmental

goods & services

24NAMA meeting(NTBs; reports onsectorals, Chairconsultations oncase-specificflexibilities,

preferenceerosion, otherissues)Rules meeting(Horizontalsubsidies &FisheriesSubsidies)Informal open-ended CTESS andworkshop onenv.goods &servicesInformal WPDRconsultations ondefinitions

25NAMA meeting(NTBs; reports onsectorals, Chairconsultations oncase-specificflexibilities,

preferenceerosion, otherissues)Rules meeting(Horizontalsubsidies &FisheriesSubsidies)Informal open-ended CTESS andworkshop onenv.goods &servicesAgriculture template/datadiscussions

26 27

28

Agriculture

consultations on

modalities issues

29

Agriculture

consultations on

modalities issues

Informal Special

Session

30

Agriculture

consultations on

modalities issues


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OCTOBER


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1

Agriculture

continuation of

template/data

discussions

CTDSS Informal

consultations(monitoring

mechanism &

Argt-specific

proposals)

2

Agriculture

continuation of

template/data

discussions

TRIPS-GIs

open ended

informal meeting

3 4

5

Services Cluster

Trade facilitation

meeting (review

of technical

proposals;

discussions on

S&D, technical

assistance)

[TRIPS Special

Session

consultations on

technical issues

based on Chair's

questions

actual date to be

determined]

6

Services Cluster

Working Party on

GATS Rules

Trade facilitation

meeting (review

of technical

proposals;

discussions on

S&D, technical

assistance)

7

Services Cluster

Trade facilitation

meeting (review

of technical

proposals;

discussions on

S&D, technical

assistance)

8

Services Cluster

Trade facilitation

meeting (review

of technical

proposals;

discussions on

S&D, technical

assistance)

CTDSS Informal

consultations

(monitoring

mechanism &

Argt-specific

proposals)

9

Working Party on

Domestic

Regulation

Formal Special

Session

Trade facilitation

meeting (review of

technical

proposals;

discussions on

S&D, technical

assistance)

10 11


12 13 14 15 16 17 18


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12

Agriculture

meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

[TRIPS Special

Session

consultations on

technical issues

based on Chair's

questions actual

date to be

determined for this

week]

13

Agriculture

meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

DSU Review

meeting

(transparency,

remand, Member-

control)

14

Agriculture

meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

DSU Review

meeting

(transparency,

remand, Member-

control)

15

Agriculture

meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

DSU Review

meeting

(transparency,

remand, Member-

control)

16

Agriculture meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

DSU Review

meeting(transparency

, remand, Member-

control)

17 18

19

CTDSS 37th

Session

20

General Council

21

General Council

22

Rules meeting

(Anti-dumping

Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies)

23

Rules meeting (Anti-

dumping Horizontal

subsidies & Fisheries

Subsidies)

TRIPS Council Sp.S

24 25

26

Rules meeting

(Anti-dumping

Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies)

[TRIPS Special

Session Informal

follow up meetings

actual dates to bedetermined for this

week

27

Rules meeting

(Anti-dumping

Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies)

Enchilada

28

Rules meeting

(Anti-dumping

Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies)

29

Rules meeting

(Anti-dumping

Horizontal

subsidies &

Fisheries

Subsidies)

30

Rules meeting (Anti-

dumping Horizontal

subsidies & Fisheries

Subsidies)

31

SENIOR OFFICALS MEETING


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M d T d W d d Th d F id S t d S d


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1

2

NAMA meeting

(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair

consultations on

case-specific

flexibilities,

preference erosion,

other issues)

[TRIPS Special

Session Informal

follow up meetings

actual dates to be

determined for this

week]

3

NAMA meeting

(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair

consultations on

case-specific

flexibilities,

preference erosion,

other issues)

4

NAMA meeting

(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair

consultations on

case-specific

flexibilities,

preference erosion,

other issues)

5

NAMA meeting

(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair

consultations on

case-specific

flexibilities,

preference erosion,

other issues)

6

NAMA meeting

(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair

consultations on case-

specific flexibilities,

preference erosion,

other issues)

7 8

9

Services meeting

Trade Facilitation

meeting (review of

technical proposals;

discussions on S&D,

technical assistance)

[TRIPS Special

Session Informal

follow up meetings

actual dates to be

determined for this

week]

10

Services meeting

Trade Facilitation

meeting (review of


discussions on S&D,


DSU Review meeting

(sequencing, post-

retaliation, S&D,

compliance issues

timeframes)

CTDSS Informal

consultations

(monitoring

mechanism & Argt-

specific proposals)

11

Services meeting

Trade Facilitation

meeting (review of


discussions on S&D,


DSU Review

meeting(sequencing,

post-retaliation,

S&D, compliance

issues timeframes)

12

Services meeting

Trade Facilitation

meeting (review of


discussions on S&D,


DSU Review

meeting(sequencing,

post-retaliation,

S&D, compliance

issues timeframes)

13

Services meeting

Trade Facilitation

meeting (review of


discussions on S&D,


DSU Review

meeting(sequencing,

post-retaliation, S&D,

compliance issues

timeframes)

14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22


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16

Agriculture

meeting(continuatio

n of template/data

& modalities issues

discussions)

[TRIPS Special

Session Informalfollow up meetings

actual dates to be

determined for this

week]

17Agriculturemeeting(continuation oftemplate/data &modalities issuesdiscussions)CTESS meeting

(text-basednegotiations on

paras 31(i) &(ii).First phase ofconsultations &submissions on

para 31(iii))CTDSS Informalconsultations(monitoringmechanism & Argt-specific proposals)

18

Agriculture meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

CTESS meeting


paras 31(i) &(ii).

First phase of

consultations &

submissions on

para 31(iii))

19

Agriculture meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

CTESS meeting


paras 31(i) &(ii).

First phase of

consultations &

submissions on

para 31(iii))

20

Agriculture meeting

(continuation of

template/data &

modalities issues

discussions)

21 22

23

[TRIPS Council

Special Session

actual date to bedetermined for this

week. Draft

discussion papers

by Chair. ]

24

Enchilada

Special Session

CTDSS- Open-

ended meeting

25 26 27 28 29

30

7th Ministerial

Conference


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1

7th Ministerial

Conference

2

7th Ministerial

Conference

3 4 5 6

7

Agriculture meeting

NAMA meeting(NTBs; reports on

sectorals, Chair



preference erosion,

other issues)

Rules meeting (anti-

dumping, horizontal

subsidies)

8

Agriculture meeting


sectorals, Chair



preference erosion,

other issues)


dumping, horizontal

subsidies)

9

Agriculture meeting


sectorals, Chair



preference erosion,

other issues)


dumping, horizontal

subsidies)

10

Agriculture meeting


sectorals, Chair



preference erosion,

other issues)


dumping, horizontal

subsidies)

11

Agriculture meeting


sectorals, Chair



preference erosion,

other issues)


dumping, horizontal

subsidies)

12 13

14

Rules meeting

(fisheries subsidies)

Formal WPDR,

Formal WPGR

Enchilada

Special Session

[TRIPS Council

Special Session

actual date to be

determined for this

week . Discussion

around Chair's

papers]CTDSS 38th session

15

Rules meeting


Formal WPDR,

Formal WPGR

Enchilada

Special Session

Enchilada

16

Rules meeting


Formal WPDR,

Formal WPGR

Enchilada

Special Session

17

General Council

18

General Council

19 20


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Biblography

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www.wikipedia.com
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Discripion in the context of doha developments and and indian impact