Discrete Components

7/29/2019 Discrete Components

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Discrete Components y


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What mean by discrete components.An elementary electronic device constructed as a single

unit.

Those not encapsulated in an integrated circuit.

Discrete components are electronic components with

just one circuit element rather than an integrated circuit.

The circuit element can be either a passive component

(resistor, capacitor, inductor) or an active component

(transistor, diode, LED).


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Active Components

Its rely on a source of energy (usually from

the DC circuit) and usually can inject

power into a circuit.


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Semiconductors

An electronic device that restricts current

flow chiefly to one direction.

1.Diode


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Application

used as temperature and light sensors and

light emitters (LEDs).

In communication field, they filter out

analog and digital signals from carriers

and modulate signals onto carriers.

In digital logic, they're used as one-way

valves and as switches similar to

transistors.


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Uses of diode in Rectifier

1. Half-wave rectifier.


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2. Full wave rectifier


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3.Bridge Rectifier


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Zener Diode Used in voltage regulation,ensuring a stable constant

voltage after rectification.


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LED

These emit light when a voltage is applied.


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A transistoris a semiconductor device

used to amplify and switchelectronic

signals and electrical power.

2.Transistor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device


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1.i. Bipolar Junction - a type oftransistorthat relies on the contact

of two types ofsemiconductorfor itsoperation.

BJTs.

PNP NPN

Schematic symbols for PNP- and NPN-type
http://www.answers.com/topic/transistorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/transistor


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ii. Field Effect Transistor

-a transistorthat uses an electric field to

control the shape and hence theconductivity of a channel of one type of

charge carrierin a semiconductor

material.
http://www.answers.com/topic/transistorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/electric-fieldhttp://www.answers.com/topic/conductivityhttp://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1http://www.answers.com/topic/minority-carriershttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/minority-carriershttp://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1http://www.answers.com/topic/conductivityhttp://www.answers.com/topic/electric-fieldhttp://www.answers.com/topic/transistor


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a) JFET

- use a gate element that, when charged,

creates an electromagnetic field that

changes the conductivity of a silicon

channel and turns the transistor on or off.


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b) MOSFET

- when applying a positive voltage (relative

to the source) to an n-channel MOSFETsgate will make it conductive.

When applying the same voltage to p-

channel MOSFET will make it non-conductive.

P-Channell N-Channel


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C) MESFET

- used for building computer processor.

- more expensive than JFET andMOSFET.

- used for microwave frequency

communication.

MESFET Schematic diagram


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d) HEMT

- a field effect transistorincorporating a

junction between two materials withdifferent band gaps .

-
http://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1http://www.answers.com/topic/band-gaphttp://www.answers.com/topic/band-gaphttp://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1


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3.Thyrister

A transistor having a thyratronlike

characteristic; as collector current is

increased to a critical value, the alpha of

the unit rises above unity to give high-speed triggering action.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thyristor_layers.svg


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Passive Components

Conducts current in both directions and

therefore known as bilateral devices.

Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors.


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Resistor

Manufactured with specified amount of

resistance.

Can conduct current in both directions.

To controlling the flow of current &

providing the desired amount of voltage in

electronic circuit.


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Linear Resistors

The resistors through which the current is

directly proportional to the applied voltage.

Such resistors have property that their

resistance values do not change with

applied voltage, temperature or light

intensity.


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Carbon Composition Resistors

Fixed Resistors


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Cermet Film Resistors


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Variable Wire Wound Resistors


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Potentiometer


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Trimmers


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Non-Linear Resistors

The resistors through which the current is

not directly proportional to the applied

voltage.

Such resistors have property that their

resistance values change with applied

voltage, temperature or light intensity.


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Thermistors


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Photo resistor


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Varistors


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Identifying Resistors


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Inductors / Reactor

Ability to store magnetic energy created by

the electric current passing through it.

Conducting wire shaped as a coil, the

loops helping to create a strong magnetic

field inside the coil.

Current and voltage change with time.


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Ideal & Real Inductor

Ideal inductor has inductance, but no

resistance and capacitance, and does not

dissipate or radiate energy.

Real inductor may be partially modeled by

a combination of inductance, resistance

and capacitance.


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Type of Inductors

Fixed inductors

Variable inductors


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Air-core inductor


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Iron core inductor


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Ferrite core inductor


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Variable inductor


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Capacitors

Consists of two parallel conductive plates

that r not connected but r electrically

separated either by air or by an insulating

material called the Dielectric.

Store and release electrical charge and

used for filtering power supply lines, tuning

resonant circuits, and for blocking DCvoltages while passing AC signals.


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Dielectric variable capacitor


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Film Capacitors

Radial Lead Type


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Axial Lead Type


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Ceramic Capacitor


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Electrolytic Capacitor


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Aluminium & Tantalum Electrolytic

Capacitor


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Discrete Components