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, Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Development Master Plan 6.0 (A)
Environmental Impact Assessment
Executive Summary March 1996
-I,~~A~XIS Environmentol AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
-------,
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
2.
3.
1.2 Environmental Design and Assessment
Discovery Bay North
2.1 Project Description
2.2 Existing Environment
2.3 Noise
24 Air Quality
2.5 Landscape and Visual Quality
2.6 Ecology
2.7 Water Quality
2.8 Sewage Disposal
2.9 Waste
Road and Tunnel Link
3.1 Project Description
3.2 Existing Environment
3.3 Noise
34 Air Quality
3.5 Landscape and Visual Quality
3.6 Ecology
3.7 Water Quality
3.8 Waste
3.9 Lantau North Country Park
3.10 The Booster Water Pumping Station & Access Road
3.11 The Road and Tunnel Link Toll Plaza
4. Environmental Monitoring & Audit
Figures
Figure 1 Study Area
Figure 2 Discovery Bay North Master Layout Plan
Figure 3 Discovery Bay North Landscape Master Plan
Figure 4 Road and Tunnel Link Options
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
In August 1994. the Government agreed in principle to the addition of 210.000 m' residential Gross Building
Area (GBA) to Discovery Bay which would raise the population to 25,000, and the provision of a tunnel link to
Siu Ho Wan for road and utility connections. Hong Kong Resort Company Limited (HKR) prepared Master Plan
6.0 which was subsequently revised in response to comments from Government and renamed Master Plan
6.0(A) .
The project involves an extension to the existing Discovery Bay development northwards into Yi Pak and is confined within the existing Discovery Bay lease
boundary. This extension is referred to as Discovery Bay North (DBN). The study area is shown in Figure 1.
The proposed Road and Tunnel Link (RTL) connecting Discovery Bay and North Lantau will be restricted to residential coaches, service vehicles and emergency
vehicles.
1.2 Environmental Design and Assessment
Environmental issues were key considerations during the development of Master Plan 6.0(A) and the
requirement for a high quality environment and minimal
disruption to the existing community have been primary objectives. The development proposal has also taken
opportunities to contribute positively to sub·regional plans for environmental improvement.
The design progressed through an iterative process whereby potential environmental issues were identified and addressed within the planning and engineering design. Guidelines and standards established in the Hong
Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG) were applied throughout the design, and additional requirements
to protect environmental quality have been adopted.
The EIA studies addressed the DBN and RTL components of Master Plan 6.0(A) separately in order to facilitate review of the project by the various Government departments. This Executive Summary includes the findings of the EIAs for both DBN and the RTL.
2. Discovery Bay North
2.1 Project Description
Residential Accommodation
DBN will provide 2230 residential units with a GBA of 185,000 m'. The layout is illustrated in Figure 2.
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(AJ
There will be 12 residential tower blocks (24 storeys), 3 medium rise residential blocks (13 storeys) and 67 low·rise blocks (6 storeys).
Commercial Facilities and Hotel Development
The commercial facilities consist of a 3-storey
building adjacent to the ferry terminal, transport interchange and hotel. The proposed hotel has a GBA of
25,000 m' and will be a 19-storey building over a 4-storey podium with proper segregation from the
residential areas.
Transport Facilities
The new ferry terminal proposed at DBN will supplement the existing Discovery Bay pier which will
continue to operate. The ferry terminal will be served by a transport interchange containing a bus terminal. Buses
will serve all parts of the new development and the existing ferry pier, and will provide links to Chek Lap Kok airport and the mainland via the tunnel.
No private cars will be allowed in the DBN development. Road traffic will be limited to buses, service vehicles and golf carts. The internal road
network has been designed to minimise gradients and bus services have been planned to reduce uphill , and inherently noisier, bus movements.
Community and Recreational Facilities
A public primary school, an international school and a Neighbourhood Community Centre are included in the
Master Plan 6.0(A) proposal. Three residents ' clubs will service different residential clusters and phases of the development. Each club will be approximately 1000 to 2000 m' in area and will include sports and leisure facilities such as tennis and badminton courts and a
swimming pool. A Type A Indoor Recreation Centre is also included and will be either adjacent to or in the same building as the Neighbourhood Community Centre.
Utilities and Services
The tunnel link will create an opportunity for the rationalisation of many existing services and utilities on North Lantau and, to a lesser extent, some of the Outlying Islands. Potable water will be supplied by the
Siu Ho Wan Water Treatment Works replacing the existing potable water supply derived from the Discovery Bay reservoir. Flushing water will continue to be sourced
from the existing impounding reservoir.
Sewerage connection through the tunnel will permit all sewage loads from Discovery Bay to be treated at the Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works. This link will also permit sewage from Peng Chau to be diverted to Siu Ho
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
Executive Summary
Wan. Three local submersible type sewage pumping
stations with screening facilities will be located within the
DBN site.
A dangerous goods store is located adjacent to the
roundabout on the tunnel approach road. This site will
store LPG and has been located away from residential
areas and the roundabout for safety reasons.
Solid waste will be gathered at a refuse collection
point (Rep) which is also adjacent to the roundabout on
the tunnel approach road. The waste will then be
transported to the Siu Ho Wan Refuse Transfer Station
via the RTL. This service will replace the existing marine
collection service from Discovery Bay.
Telecommunication services may be diverted from
the existing microwave links to landline connections
through the tunnel if so desired by Hong Kong Telecom.
Landscaping
The Landscape Master Plan (Figure 3) retains the
open valley which is a feature of the current landform
and includes the development of a range of formal and
informal open spaces. From an environmental
perspective, the main features of the plan include:
• creation of a stream course and fresh water pools
and associated riparian vegetation along the southern
edge of the development area;
• creation of an area of mudflats to the south-east of
the site for relocation/planting of mangroves;
• provision of an integrated open space network within
the valley floor; and
• extensive woodland creation on slopes within and
around the margins of the development area.
Drainage
The streams flowing through Yi Pak will be
culverted or diverted to new channels. The major stream
will flow through a series of pools and a reprovisioned
channel before flowing over the restored mangrove
mudflat. The stream banks will be planted with a range
of species currently found on the site. Run-off from
buildings, roads and the building platforms will be
collected by a separate drainage system, and discharged
directly at the sea wall.
Construction Requirements
The major construction works for DBN include:
• formation of fourteen building platforms;
• formation of the internal road network;
• filling the Yi Pak valley to +6 mPD;
• construction of the seawall;
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
• reclamation and earth moving activities; and
• construction of the various residential blocks and
other buildings.
The platforms and reclamation will be constructed
over three to four years. The development will be
phased in three stages, with work starting on the higher
platform areas and progressing to the reclamation. The
construction of residential and commercial buildings in
each phase will last three to four years. The ferry
terminal will be constructed during the first and second
development phases.
Platform formation will require both blasting and
excavation. The main platforms will be formed using fill
removed from Yi Pak Hill and the existing formed roads
within the site will be used as haul roads.
The reclamation will be to a level of +6 mPD.
Marine mud (150,000 m3) will be dredged from the site of
the seawall but will be left in situ in other parts of the
reclamation site. Sampling of the marine muds has
shown that the sediments are uncontaminated with
respect to heavy metals. The dredged marine muds will
not be suitable for site formation but can possibly be
used for the mangrove mudflat and in landscaping
works.
2.2 Existing Environment
The landscape of the study area is characterised by
high and low-rise urban development set against the
backdrop of the mountains of North Lantau. Two
promontories enclose Yi Pak Wan and form a natural
amphitheatre. The southern promontory forms part of
the existing Discovery Bay development conSisting of
low-rise residences and is separated from the proposed
site by the steep and well wooded slopes of the ridge.
The ridge extends into a prominent knoll which is also
developed. The northern promontory (Yi Pak Hill) is
undeveloped and is prone to wildfire, but has an area of
established woodland on its lower slopes.
The flat landscape of the Yi Pak valley is
characterised by man-made influences with two minor
paved roads crossing the site to access temporary
platforms containing a spoil stockpile, a horticultural
nursery and an abandoned agricultural area. The area of
the valley plain that lies closer to the sea is composed of
mangrove and estuarine areas surrounded by
scrub/woodland vegetation.
Infrequent use of Sam Pak was recorded during
winter 1994/95 and spring 1995. The Sarn Pak Wan
beach was used by only a few hikers and fishermen.
Pleasure craft began using both Yi Pak Wan and Sam
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
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Executive Summary
Pak Wan in April 1995 for water sports.
The area is relatively quiet and noise levels are
typical of low density urban conditions. Air quality
compares favourably with urban areas of Hong Kong.
The future air quality of Discovery Bay may deteriorate
marginally as a result of the Lantau Port and Western
Harbour (LAPH) development, probably with a slight
elevation of dust levels from the extensive construction
works.
Yi Pak Wan falls within the boundaries of Southem
Water Control Zone (SWCZ). Tai Pak beach at Discovery
Bay is not gazetted but is regularly used by both residents
of Discovery Bay and visitors for recreation and water
sports. The bathing water quality during 1993 was rated
as 'fair' based on EPD monitoring data.
Presently, the marine waters of Discovery Bay are
influenced by wastewater arising from the existing
development (population approximately 11,000). The
wastewaters are screened and disinfected before being
discharged via an outfall off the peninsula to the south of
Discovery Bay into the SWCZ. The sewage disinfection
system was commissioned recently to upgrade the
treatment level of the Discovery Bay sewage wastewater
discharge in anticipation of the deterioration in water
quality which may result from the partial embayment of
Discovery Bay following construction of the Lantau Port.
As part of Master Plan 6.0(A), sewage from
Discovery Bay (and Peng Chau) will be pumped via the
tunnel link to the Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works
and water quality in the area will improve as a result.
Five natural watercourses drain the hill slopes
surrounding the Yi Pak site, with four draining into the Yi
Pak estuary. The streams had continuous flows during
autumn/winter 1994 and are generally clean and silt free,
except in times of exceptional rainfall. The upper section
of one stream is culverted.
The area contains ecological resources composed of
marine, estuarine and fresh water habitats of importance
on a local level. The mangrove communities in the
estuarine area at Yi Pak Wan represent the habitat of
greatest conservation value in the study area. Some
mature upland woodland is also of conservation value.
The LAPH development will have a major effect on
Discovery Bay. Later phases of the Port will be clearly
visible and Discovery Bay will potentially be affected by
minor noise and air pollution effects, although predicted
to be within acceptable limits. The most important effect,
however, will be the partial blockage of the seaward view
and loss of the rural setting currently enjoyed by
Discovery Bay residents.
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
2.3 Noise
Construction
Noise sensitive receivers (NSRs) are the residential
buildings on the northern fronts of the existing Discovery
Bay development. Construction noise at selected NSRs
was predicted based on the best estimates of
construction phasing and equipment available at the time
of the assessment. The predicted noise levels were
compared with typical daytime guidelines and the
standards detailed in the Technical Memoranda (TM)
which support the Noise Control Ordinance (NCO).
Cumulative construction noise (not including
perc~ssive piling) was predicted to exceed daytime
guidelines mainly due to platform formation works .
Predicted noise levels from percussive piling were below
the TM standard.
A construction noise mitigation plan was developed
to control the noise impact of general construction works.
The plan is based on a combination of noise source and
path control measures. Source controls include the use
of silenced plant and machinery noise enclosures, while
path controls include noise barriers at the site or platform
boundaries. The construction noise impact can be
mitigated through source and path controls, and reduced
further through construction programming and good site
practice. A community liaison group will be established
to respond to complaints of construction noise and noise
levels will be closely monitored as part of the
Environmental Monitoring & Audit (EM&A) programme.
Operation
The key operational noise issues relate to road
traffic noise and noise from the LAPH development.
Road traffic noise is under planning control and was
predicted using the RoadNoise model. No private cars
or taxis will be allowed into the existing or new residential
areas. Noise planning controls included building aspect and setback, road alignment and gradient, and bus
routing. Road noise at all flats and both schools
proposed under Master Plan 6.0(A) will be below the
planning standards. Less than 1 % of the fiats in the
existing blocks of Greenvale Village which overlook the
Yi Pak site will be subject to a minor traffic noise impact
of 1 dB(A) or less over the standard.
Detailed modelling was undertaken to determine the noise impact of Container Terminals 10, 11, 12 and
13 planned under the LAPH project. Noise levels were
compared with the planning noise guideline and the NCO
standard. The Master Plan 6.0(A) design avoids direct
line of sight to the Port and incorporates screening for
residential buildings as far as possible. 96.6% of the
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Executive Summary
proposed DBN development met the night-time planning
guideline, and all predicted noise levels complied with the NCO enforcement standard.
Noise from the ferry terminal, aircraft/helicopters, the tunnel ventilation system and utility areas is under
planning control and is predicted to be acceptable for the Master Plan 6.0(A) development.
2.4 Air Quality
Construction
Air quality sensitive receivers (ASRs) are the
existing tower blocks to the west of the site (Greenvale Village) and the housing on the promontory to the south. The main source of impact is dust from vehicle travel on unpaved roadways, site excavation, drilling and blasting,
dry material stockpiles, material handling, general construction activity and wind erosion of open areas. The Air Quality Objectives (AQO) specify standards for
dust levels.
Dust emissions were predicted using the Fugitive Dust Model and the best available site information and construction programme. The modelling results indicate
that without mitigation, dust levels from general construction works could be high at the ASRs to the west and south-west of the DBN site. Should the blasting scenario be adopted as modelled, unmitigated dust
levels at ASRs will exceed the AQO. In practice, however, blasting will only occur in localised areas and
with the effective implementation of dust control measures for blasting and other construction activities,
dust levels should be within the AQOs at the ASRs. Further dust modelling studies may be required for blasting works once further information on the site conditions and construction details are available and are
reviewed with EPD. The amount of blasting should be
minimised where possible.
Operation
Operational sources of air quality impact include
internal road traffic and odour from the proposed sewage pumping stations. The pumping stations will be operated in a similar manner to the existing facilities and should not cause any odour nuisance.
Levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO,) and respirable suspended particulates (RSP) from vehicles were predicted using the CALlNE4 model and compared with the AQO for these parameters. The results showed that both RSP and NO, concentrations from vehicles in DBN will be well within the AQOs.
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
2.5 Landscape and Visual Quality
The DBN layout plan has attempted to maintain views over the sea and green areas, and to orient views of
future residents away from the Lantau Port as far as possible. Attention has been given to maintaining the 'open' feel of the valley, providing effective buffers between the existing and new development areas and retention of the lower scrub-woodland covered slopes of Yi
Pak Hill.
The development will fundamentally alter the open,
rural character of the Yi Pak valley, resulting in a number of clearly identifiable landscape and visual impacts on sensitive receivers. Long-term landscape impacts include the loss of Sam Pak Wan Valley South natural landform and vegetation; lowering of Yi Pak Hill and cutting back of
the Yi Pak Hill spur; the loss of the lower Yi Pak valley ecosystem; and the loss of natural coastal features in Yi
Pak Wan and part of Sam Pak Wan.
Severe long-term visual impacts will remain for some existing residents as a consequence of their proximity and
elevated views over the Yi Pak valley and the DBN development. The long-term visual impact for hikers and boat passengers (medium and low sensitivity receptor,
respectively) will be low.
Specific landscape measures have been included to
compensate for loss of existing habitat and a major revegetation plan is proposed both within and around the
development area. The standard of the internal landscape will equal that in the existing Discovery Bay development. The overall landscape and visual impact of the
development is considered to be acceptable.
2.6 Ecology
The DBN site contains a range of habitats and the area has been influenced by the proximity to the existing Discovery Bay development. Some areas are highly
modified either through construction activity or fire; others retain an essentially natural character.
The site vegetation consists of shrub woodland, shrub grassland, grass/disturbed areas, mangroves and associated vegetation, and backshore vegetation. The habitats present include upland grass/scrub cover, woodland, freshwater streams, beach, sub- and inter
tidal areas, and the Yi Pak estuary.
No protected or endangered terrestrial plant species were recorded on the site. A major portion of the development will be constructed on shrubland and grassland and loss of these areas is not predicted to be significant. The greatest impact to birds will be habitat loss, particularly with the loss of a Black-eared Kite nest
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
4
Executive Summary
site. Impacts on mammals will be loss of habitat for burrowing small mammals; no protected species were recorded on the site during recent surveys. With regard
to reptiles and amphibians, only the common Asiatic
Painted Frog was recorded on the site. The availability of suitable lowland habitats for reptiles and amphibians
will decline upon completion of the development.
The DBN site does not encroach upon areas included in the proposed extension of the Lantau North
Country Park.
The boulder shore and associated coastal vegetation between Yi Pak Wan and Sam Pak Wan will be lost with the development, but is common in Hong
Kong and is not of conservation importance. Unavoidable adverse impacts on coastal areas include
loss of natural sand beach at Yi Pak and part of Sam Pak; loss of beach-associated vegetation, an
increasingly rare plant community in Hong Kong; loss of sand spits and lagoons on Yi Pak and Sam Pak beaches which provide shelter for juvenile marine fish; loss of tidal wetland at Yi Pak including 0.6 ha of mangroves;
disruption of the main Yi Pak stream; and loss of 5 ha of
seabed with possible impacts on local fisheries.
The primary impact would be loss of the estuary
and mangrove stand at Yi Pak. Such coastal wetland habitats are an increasingly rare vegetation type in Hong Kong due to sustained development pressure.
Impact mitigation includes detailed revegetation and habitat enhancement plans to compensate for woodland and shrubland loss and loss of habitat for
birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals. In addition, the Black-eared Kite nest will be relocated to a suitable
site in the adjacent Sam Pak valley.
Mitigation of mangrove habitat loss is proposed in the formation of a mangrove mudfiat to the south-west of the development in Yi Pak Wan. The design of the replacement mangrove will aim for an area three times larger than the area of mangrove lost. Creation of a new mangrove area will not fully replace the form and
function of the existing wetland, but will provide a comparable mangal habitat within a secure management
situation.
The boulder shore will be recreated along the edge of the DBN seawall. Together with the mangrove recre"tion plan, these measures will help mitigate impact on local fish nurseries. In addition, artificial reefs and fish decoys will provide shelter and a source of food for juvenile and small fish.
The lower section of the main Yi Pak stream will be reprovisioned and will fiow over the mangrove stand.
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
The stream banks will be planted with native species,
and aquatic plants and animals will be reintroduced if they do not recolonise on their own.
Residual impacts of the proposed development
would be the loss of coastal, intertidal and estuarine habitats. Master Plan 6.0(A) includes compensation
measures to maintain coastal ecological resources within the plans for development of the area. The loss of habitats is significant but the proposals provide maximum compensation and opportunities for the longterm protection of the compensating areas.
2.7 Water Quality
Construction
Dredging of marine muds prior to reclamation work will increase suspended solid levels and reduce dissolved oxygen with potentially adverse effects on
marine ecology. Analysis has shown that the marine sediments are not contaminated by heavy metals and will be suitable for reuse in the restored mangrove
mudfiat or in site formation works. Water quality impacts of dredging and spoil transport will be minimised through
careful working practices, control of dredging rates, dredging under appropriate tidal conditions, and through
the use of silt curtains as necessary, and will be
monitored for compliance with the Trigger/ActionfTarget (TAT) levels agreed with EPD as part of the EM&A programme.
Other sources of marine and stream water quality impact include suspended solids in site runoff,
chemicals/fuels used on site, and litter. The site drainage system will include controls to reduce suspended solid levels and intercept any oil from fuel
storage areas. Stores of fine materials will be covered and bunded, and fuels/chemicals will be stored on bunded hard surfaced areas. Fuel/chemical spill control plans will be implemented. Stream culverting and diversion works will be carried out at an early stage of construction and during the dry season to minimise potential problems with temporary drainage and fiood
control.
Operation
The impact on streams in Yi Pak will be severe with
all the channels being culverted, with the exception of the lower portion of the main stream. This stream section will be diverted through the central landscape area to a new channel which will discharge to the restored mangrove mudfiat. The Sam Pak stream will not be affected by the development. Stormwater fiows will increase by 10% with the DBN development and can be easily accommodated within the site drainage system.
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
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Executive Summary
Stormwater runoff will be relatively clean and suitable controls will be included in the site drainage system and chemical/fuel storage areas to protect the quality of the drainage effluent. The impact of site drainage on water
quality will be minimal.
The reclamation proposed in Master Plan 6.0(A) will have only a minor impact on water circulation patterns in
the area. Recent improvements in sewage treatment and the Master Plan 6.0(A) proposal to export Discovery
Bay's sewage to Siu Ho Wan will improve water quality in the bay, a significant environmental benefit of the
project.
2.8 Sewage Disposal
Currently, sewage from Discovery Bay is screened
and disposed of through a marine outfall. A Disinfection and Dechlorination Facility began full operation in
October 1995 with the aim of improving the
bacteriological and microbiological quality of the local waters. Sewage loads will increase with the DBN development and, following the recommendation of the
Outlying Islands Sewerage Master Plan, Master Plan 6.0(A) proposes to export all sewage from Discovery Bay and Peng Chau to the Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works via the tunnel link. Previous laboratory trials and
technical review have shown that the existing Disinfection Facility will be capable of disinfecting the
additional fiows from DBN to meet the relevant
microbiological/bacteriological discharge standards.
The diversion of sewage to Siu Ho Wan will improve marine water quality in Discovery Bay and will help mitigate the potential water quality impacts caused by the embayment formed by the proposed Lantau Port. Connection to the Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works
is technically feasible and the facility is capable of accommodating the additional fiows under normal operating conditions. The export of Discovery Bay
sewage to Siu Ho Wan is not anticipated to have any significant environmental impact upon the North Lantau marine waters.
The proposals for treatment of Discovery Bay sewage prior to connection to Siu Ho Wan will be reviewed at the end of 1996 in case of delays to the RTL
construction programme.
2.9 Waste
Construction
A construction waste minimisation and recovery plan has been prepared and includes controls for waste generation at source, efficient use of resources through construction phasing, reuse of wastes where possible,
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
and provision of staff responsible for waste minimisation and sorting on site. The majority of spoil generated from
the DBN site will be clean material suitable for use in reclamation and platform creation . The marine muds to . be dredged are not contaminated and will be used on site or disposed of at a suitable approved site. The impacts of spoil storage, handling and disposal relate to
dust, noise and water quality, and with suitable controls, can be reduced to acceptable levels. The contractor
should prepare a comprehensive on-site waste management plan. The EM&A team will monitor the storage, transport, collection and disposal of construction
wastes to ensure good practice.
Operation
The management of domestic waste from the whole
of Discovery Bay will be improved and simplified as a result of the Master Plan 6.0(A) project. Waste from
DBN will be collected at a new RCP and together with other waste from Discovery Bay, will be exported via the tunnel to the Siu Ho Wan Reiuse Transfer Station in
accordance with the waste disposal strategy for Lantau. With the inclusion of appropriate controls and mitigation measures, the new RCP is not anticipated to result in adverse environmental impacts.
3. Road and Tunnel Link
3.1 Project Description
Environmental issues were a key consideration in the development of the RTL alignment options. The RTL will provide a two lane single carriageway road running from the proposed ferry terminal at DBN to the utility services road adjacent to the North Lantau Expressway
(NLE). Five alignments, Options A 1, A2, A3, Band C, were considered initially (Figure 4), but Option C was subsequently not deemed feasible due to confiicting land
use requirements with the Siu Ho Wan water and sewage treatment works projects which are currently
under construction.
The RTL will be restricted to residential coaches, service vehicles and emergency vehicles only. No private cars, taxis or golf carts will be permitted. The tunnel will also provide utility connections between Discovery Bay and North Lantau. The sewerage and water pipelines will follow the RTL alignment and
construction works for these pipelines will have negligible
impacts.
The RTL will be built and operated by HKR to standards approved by the Government. There will be a payment system for uses (e.g. tolls) to offset operational
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
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Executive Summary
and maintenance costs. The operation of the RTL will be
controlled under the Discovery Bay Road Tunnel Bill which is currently being drafted for submission to
LEGCO.
Construction Requirements
Construction of the RTL will take up to three years. The tunnel will be excavated using a drill and blast method. Blasting may also be required for sections of the Siu Ho Wan link road, lengths of which may be
elevated. A temporary access track will be required along the alignment for the movement of equipment and materials, and should be within the operational boundary
of the RTL.
3.2 Existing Environment
The landscape of North Lantau is characterised by
a mountainous barren terrain with peaks of up to +465 mPD which fall steeply to the coast. Chek Lap Kok and associated projects have fundamentally altered the rural character of the island. The reclamation and works for
the sewage and water treatment plants at Siu Ho Wan, a microwave link relay station at Tai Che Tung, and the
NLE are features of the RTL study area. All surrounding land uses are non-residential.
A stream course and tributaries run through the Siu Ho valley, and several small streams flow down steep
courses along the Lau Fa Tung foothills. Habitats in the study area comprise hillside shrub woodland of relatively high conservation value on the Lau Fa Tung foothills, and shrub grassland which is subject to wildfire. The
study area has been extensively disturbed by ongoing construction projects which have degraded the quality of
the remaining habitat for fauna.
Noise is dominated by construction works for the Siu Ho Wan Sewage and Water Treatment Works, and the NLE, and in the future, the dominant noise sources
will be NLE traffic and aircraft at Chek Lap Kok. Air quality on North Lantau compares favourably with the urban areas of Hong Kong. Construction works for the
airport and related projects have resulted in increased dust levels, and may be similarly affected by works for the LAPH developments in the future.
3.3 Noise
Construction
The NSR for the Discovery Bay tunnel portal is Greenbelt Court, the closest residential building of the existing Discovery Bay development. There are no
NSRs near the Siu Ho Wan tunnel portal and construction noise is not an issue in this location. The predicted noise levels for tunnelling and portal formation
Hong Kong Resort Company Umited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
works at the Discovery Bay portal were compared with typical daytime guidelines and the standards detailed in the TM which support the NCO.
Cumulative unmitigated construction noise levels were predicted to exceed daytime guidelines and a construction noise mitigation plan was developed to
control construction noise and minimise nuisance to NSRs. The plan includes source and path controls, construction and equipment use phasing, and recommendations for good site practice. Construction noise will be closely monitored by the EM&A team and
close liaison will be maintained with nearby NSRs.
Operation
Sources of noise during the operation of the RTL are limited to the tunnel venti lation system and road
traffic on NSRs in the DBN site. These issues are addressed in Section 2.3.
3.4 Air Quality
Construction
Dust from construction works is the key air quality issue during construction of the RTL. Dust emissions
from works at the Discovery Bay portal were considered as part of the DBN air quality assessment (Section 2.4).
The ASRs for the Siu Ho Wan link road and tunnel portal are the Siu Ho Wan Sewage and Water Treatment
Works. Blasting works will be the main dust source, and dust emissions were calculated for heavy construction
operations for road construction, and secondly for dust emitted during blasting at the Siu Ho Wan tunnel portal. Dust emissions were predicted using the Fugitive Dust
Model for Option A3, the road alignment which is closest
to the ASRs.
Predicted dust levels at ASRs for road construction were well below the EPD 1 hour guideline and the AQO standards. Unmitigated dust levels from blasting were predicted to exceed the EPD 1 hour guideline in the short term at the eastern end of the water treatment
works site. The extent of blasting should be minimised and careful working practices followed to achieve compliance with the EPD guideline. Further dust
modelling studies may be required for blasting works once more site information and construction details are available and have been reviewed with EPD.
Operation
Air quality issues during the operation of the RTL relate to vehicle emissions and sewage odour. The tunnel will be ventilated by jet fans drawing air from the
Discovery Bay portal and exhausting to the Siu Ho Wan
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
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Executive Summary
portal. Vehicle usage of the tunnel will be light compared with other tunnels in Hong Kong, and the fans will effectively extract and discharge air pollutants emitted
inside the tunnel. The portal emissions were predicted using the ISCST2 model and vehicle emissions on the open road calculated using the CALlNE4 model.
Predicted levels of N02 and carbon monoxide were both below the standards in the AQOs and will not result
in adverse air quality impacts at the Sewage or Water
Treatment Works.
Sewage odour within the tunnel will be controlled through both the design of the sewerage pumping system and the tunnel ventilation system. The EM&A
programme will include checks to ensure that sewage odour is not detectable, and odour controls could be added to vents if necessary. The potential impact of
odour from the Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works should be insignificant for users of the RTL.
Sewage can generate methane and hydrogen
sulphide, but the tunnel ventilation system will prevent the build up of these gases inside the tunnel.
3.5 Landscape and Visual Quality
The landscape of North Lantau is undergoing a period of considerable change. The recent reclamation and development along the north coast has
fundamentally altered the island's rural landscape setting. Features of the study area include the Siu Ho valley and stream; foothills of the Lau Fa Tung range; the
Siu Ho headland which is the site of extensive earthworks; and the Siu Ho Wan reclamation.
Option C is strongly preferred on landscape and
visual impact grounds, but is not feasible due to land use confiicts with the Siu Ho Wan Sewage and Water Treatment Works. The remaining options will have more significant landscape and visual impacts, with Options
A1/A2 being preferred in terms of landscape impact, and Option B preferred in terms of visual impact. The final
alignment should be based on a combination of these options to minimise landscape and visual impacts, and as such, Option A3 is the most appropriate.
The major impact of concern is the effect on views of travellers on the NLE, either approaching or leaving Hong Kong via Chek Lap Kok airport. Extensive planting of the cut slopes and areas along the alignment will contribute to the long-term mitigation of visual impacts, and a revegetation plan has been prepared.
3.6 Ecology
The study area has been disturbed by ongoing construction works for the NLE and the Siu Ho Wan
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
Sewage and Water Treatment Works, and also by hill fires. Hillside shrub woodland on the coastal foothills is of relatively high conservation value, while the shrub grassland which covers the majority of the site is of low conservation value. No protected or endangered plant
species were recorded.
Faunal use of the site appears limited to birds which were observed mainly in the shrub woodland habitat. Aquatic animals, reptiles and amphibians, and
mammals were not recorded during surveys, although the shrub woodland could provide habitat for some
burrowing mammals.
Options A 1, A2, A3 and B will result in greater ecological impacts than Option C. Selection of Option C
would reduce impacts to fiora and fauna as the road would be constructed on previously disturbed sites. However, this alignment is not feasible due to land use
confiicts with the sewage and water treatment works sites. Mitigation measures for Options A 1, A2, A3 and B
include habitat restoration through revegetation of
disturbed areas, and erosion control measures.
3.7 Water Quality
Construction
Construction wastes with potential water quality impacts include sewage, canteen and washing facility discharges, and site litter. Self-contained chemical
toilets should be provided and the sewage arisings disposed off-site at a suitable facility by a licensed contractor. Canteen and washing facility effluents should be combined and discharged into a settlement
tank/grease trap and soakaway pit at a suitable distance from streams and the coast. Site lilter can be controlled through the provision of convenient disposal points and
regular litter patrols.
Other sources of stream water quality impact
include suspended solids in site runoff, spilt chemicals and engine oils/fuels, and suspended solids in groundwater seepage during tunneling works. The potential water quality impact can be mitigated through the use of drainage controls, settlement ponds, construction programming and good site practice. Water quality will be closely monitored by the EM&A team
during the construction period.
Operation
Rainfall runoff from the Siu Ho Wan section of road will be relatively clean and will be discharged to an existing drainage channel on the Siu Ho Wan reclamation or to the NLE drainage system. Suitable controls will be included in the RTL drainage system to
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
8
Executive Summary
protect the quality of the effluent. Accidental spills of
material on the road could potentially be washed into the drainage system by rain. Vehicles carrying dangerous
goods will not be permitted to use the RTL.
The RTL crosses several stream courses, some of which may be culverted or diverted. Where practical, the
road will cross streams on structure to minimise stream bed and vegetation loss.
3.8 Waste
A construction waste minimisation and recovery
plan has been prepared for the RTL. The largest volume
of waste will be rocky spoil from road and tunnelling works and will be minimised through a balance of cut
and fill. Suitable spoil will be used as fill material either on site or by other construction projects, or in shore
revetment works in Discovery Bay. Spoil will be transported along a haul road within the operational boundary of the RTL. The contractor should prepare a comprehensive on-site waste management plan, and the EM&A team will monitor the storage, handling and
disposal of construction wastes to ensure good practice.
3.9 Lantau North Country Park
The RTL options are outside the existing boundary of the Lantau North Country Park, but all would affect the proposed country park extension. The tunnel section of
all options would pass under the future country park area with no intrusion above ground. The Siu Ho Wan tunnel portal will be within the future country park boundary for all options. The length of road that would lie within the Lantau North Country Park extension would be small
(225m for Options A1/A2 and 110m for Options A3/B). Option C was not considered as this alignment is not
feasible due to land use conflicts. Relocation of the tunnel portal outside the country park boundary is not preferred in terms of portal location, engineering and
tunnel ventilation considerations. The impact of the road can be reduced through detailed design, landscaping and revegetation.
3.10 The Booster Water Pumping Station & Access Road
The booster pumping station will pump potable water from the Siu Ho Wan Water Treatment Works to
Discovery Bay via the RTL. The single storey pumping station building will be located to the south of the water treatment works site and will be accessed by a 245m length of road branching from the RTL. Potential impacts considered include water quality, stream disruption, landscape/visual quality and ecology.
Hong Kong Resort Company Limited
Discovery Bay Master Plan 6.0(A)
Construction and operational phase water quality impacts will be minor and can be mitigated effectively
through the use of proper controls. Impacts on stream courses have been reduced through careful siting of the
pumping station and the design of the access road. The road will cross one stream on structure to minimise the
impact on the stream bed and vegetation. The pumping station and access road will add to the landscape and visual impact of this section of the RTL and will increase the area of shrub woodland loss. Both ecological and landscape/visual impacts can be reduced through
revegetation of disturbed areas.
3.11 The Road and Tunnel Link Toll Plaza
The Toll Plaza will control vehicular use of the RTL and prevent access by unauthorised vehicles. The
facility will have a small control building and a barrier gate. The proposed location is an area on the new reclamation adjacent to the junction of the RTL and the NLE utility services road. No adverse ecological impacts
would result at this location and the landscape/visual impact would be minimal. The Toll Plaza could be
landscaped to extend the area of shrub woodland vegetation on the coastal foothills.
4. Environmental Monitoring & Audit
EM&A procedures are essential in order to:
• ensure that any environmental impacts resulting from the construction and operation of DBN and the RTL are minimised or kept to acceptable levels;
• establish procedures for checking that mitigation measures have been applied and are effective, and
that the appropriate corrective actions are undertaken,
if and when required; and
• provide a means of checking compliance with environmental objectives, recording anomalies and
documenting corrective action.
The EM&A requirements for DBN and the RTL relate to noise, air quality, landscape and visual quality, ecology, water quality and waste impact mitigation management. The EM&A schedules detail monitoring requirements for selected environmental parameters and action plans outline the action to be taken if certain pollution levels are reached. An audit system is also proposed for both construction and operational phases of the project. The EM&A requirements are included in an EM&A Manual and will be incorporated into the construction contract(s) in the form of environmental clauses.
AXIS Environmental Consultants Ltd.
9
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