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Discover SociologySecond Edition

William J. Chambliss, George Washington UniversityDaina S. Eglitis, George Washington University

ISBN: 9781483365206Pub Date: 1/27/2015 Price: $88 Page Count: 592

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Discover Sociology, Second Edition

Pub Date: 1/27/2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS – SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISON

FIRST EDITION SECOND EDITIONChapter 1: Discover Sociology 1A Curious Mind 2The Sociological Imagination 3PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Why Are Divorce Rates So High? 4Critical Thinking 6The Development of Sociological Thinking 8The Birth of Sociology: Science, Progress,Industrialization, and Urbanization 8The Scientific Revolution 8The Enlightenment 8The Industrial Revolution 8Urbanization: The Population Shift Toward Cities 919th-Century Founders 9Auguste Comte 9Harriet Martineau 9E´mile Durkheim 10Karl Marx 11Max Weber 12Early 20th-Century U.S. Sociology 13Robert Ezra Park 13W. E. B. Du Bois 13The Mid- 20th Century in U.S. Sociology 13Why So Few Founding Mothers? 14Sociology: One Way of Looking at the World—Or Many? 15The Functionalist Paradigm 15The Social Conflict Paradigm 17INEQUALITY MATTERS: Why Are Some People Poor and Others Rich? 18Symbolic Interactionism 19Principal Themes in This Text 19Power and Inequality 19Globalization and Diversity 19GLOBAL ISSUES: You, The Global Consumer 20DIGITAL SOCIETY: The Explosive Growth of the Internet 21

Chapter 1: Discover Sociology 2A Curious Mind 4The Sociological Imagination 5PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Why Are Divorce Rates So High? 6Critical Thinking 8The Development of Sociological Thinking 9The Birth of Sociology: Science, Progress, Industrialization, and Urbanization 10The Scientific Revolution 10The Enlightenment 10The Industrial Revolution 10Urbanization: The Population Shift Toward Cities 1019th-Century Founders 10Auguste Comte 11Harriet Martineau 11Émile Durkheim 12Karl Marx 13Max Weber 13Early 20th-Century U.S. Sociology 14Robert Ezra Park 14W. E. B. Du Bois 14The Mid-20th Century in U.S. Sociology 15Why So Few Founding Mothers? 15Sociology: One Way of Looking at the World—or Many? 16The Functionalist Paradigm 17The Social Conflict Paradigm 19Symbolic Interactionism 19INEQUALITY MATTERS: Why Are Some People Poor and Others Rich? 20Principal Themes in This Text 20Power and Inequality 21Globalization and Diversity 21GLOBAL ISSUES: You, the Global Consumer 22Technology and Society 22TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Explosive Growth

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Technology and Digital Society 22Why Study Sociology? 22WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND SKILLS AND CAREERS:AN INTRODUCTION 23Summary 24Key Terms 24Discussion Questions 25Discover State Stats 25Chapter 2: Discover Sociological Research 26Researching the Underground Economy 28Sociology and Common Sense 29Research and the Scientific Method 31Relationships Between Variables 32Testing Theories and Hypotheses 34Validity and Reliability 35INEQUALITY MATTERS: How Many PeopleSuffer From Homelessness? 36Objectivity in Scientific Research 35Doing Sociological Research 37Sociological Research Methods 37Survey Research 37Fieldwork 39Experimentation 40Working With Existing Information 41DIGITAL SOCIETY: Does Technology Affect Studying? 42Participatory Research 43Doing Sociology: A Student’s Guide to Research 43Frame Your Research Question 43Review Existing Knowledge 44Select the Appropriate Method 44Weigh the Ethical Implications 44Collect and Analyze the Data 44PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Zimbardo’sExperiment: The Individual and the Social Role 45Share the Results 46Sociology and You: Why Learn to Do Sociological Research? 46WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT: GETTING STARTED ANDASSESSING YOUR INTERESTS, VALUES, AND SKILLS 47Summary 48Key Terms 48Discussion Questions 49Discover State Stats 49Chapter 3: Culture 50Culture, Language, and Loss 52Culture: Concepts and Applications 53

of the Internet 23Why Study Sociology? 23WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND SKILLS AND CAREERS: An Introduction 24Summary 25Key Terms 25Discussion Questions 26

Chapter 2: Discover Sociological Research 28Researching the Consequences of the U.S. Prison Boom 30Sociology and Common Sense 31Research and the Scientific Method 33Relationships Between Variables 34Testing Theories and Hypotheses 35Validity and Reliability 36Objectivity in Scientific Research 37INEQUALITY MATTERS: How Many People Suffer From Homelessness? 38Doing Sociological Research 39Sociological Research Methods 40Survey Research 40Fieldwork 41Experimentation 42Working With Existing Information 43TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Does Technology Affect Studying? 44Participatory Research 45Doing Sociology: A Student’s Guide to Research 45Frame Your Research Question 45Review Existing Knowledge 45Select the Appropriate Method 46Weigh the Ethical Implications 46Collect and Analyze the Data 46Share the Results 47Sociology and You: Why Learn to Do Sociological Research? 47PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Zimbardo’s Experiment: The Individual and the Social Role 48WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Getting Started and Assessing Your Interests, Values, And Skills 49Summary 50Key Terms 50Discussion Questions 51

Chapter 3: Culture and Mass Media 52Zombie Apocalypse 54Culture: Concepts and Applications 55

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Material and Nonmaterial Culture 54Beliefs 55Norms 55Values 56Ideal and Real Culture in U.S. Society 57PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES:The Culture of Thinness in America 58Ethnocentrism 60Subcultures 62GLOBAL ISSUES: The French MeltingPot—Or Salad Bowl? 63Culture, Class, and Language 64Culture, Class, and Inequality 64Language and Social Integration 65INEQUALITY MATTERS: Power and Controlof Cultural Ideas 66Culture and Violence 67Culture and Globalization 69GLOBAL ISSUES: The Taliban and Culture in Afghanistan 70Why Study Culture Through a Sociological Lens? 72WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORING CAREERSAND SETTING GOALS 73Summary 74Key Terms 74Discussion Questions 75Discover State Stats 75Chapter 4: Socialization and Social Interaction 76Pop Culture and Teen Socialization 78The Birth of the Social Self 79Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory 80Socialization as Symbolic Interaction 81Stages of Development: Piaget and Kohlberg 83Biological Needs Versus Social Constraints: Freud 84Agents of Socialization 85The Family 85Teachers and School 86Peers 86PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Spanking andAggressive Behavior 87Religion 88Work 88Mass Media, the Internet, and Social Media 88Total Institutions and Resocialization 90GLOBAL ISSUES: Socializing Hatred in a Region of Conflict 91Life Span Socialization 92Social Interaction 92

Material and Nonmaterial Culture 55Beliefs 56Norms 56Values 58Ideal and Real Culture in U.S. Society 59PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Media, Markets, and the Culture of Thinness in America 61Ethnocentrism 62Subcultures 63Culture and Language 64Language and Social Integration 65Culture and Mass Media 66GLOBAL ISSUES: Language, Resistance, and Power in Northern Ireland 67TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Power, Technology, and Television 69Culture, Media, and Violence 69Culture, Class, and Inequality 71Culture and Globalization 72Why Study Culture and Media Through a Sociological Lens? 74WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Exploring Careers and Setting Goals 75Summary 76Key Terms 76Discussion Questions 77

Chapter 4: Socialization and Social Interaction 78Girls, Boys, and Toys 80The Birth of the Social Self 81Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory 83Socialization as Symbolic Interaction 83Stages of Development: Piaget and Kohlberg 85Biological Needs Versus Social Constraints: Freud 86Agents of Socialization 87The Family 87PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Spanking and Aggressive Behavior 88Teachers and School 89Peers 89Organized Sports 90Religion 91Mass Media, the Internet, and Social Media 91Work 93Socialization and Aging 93Total Institutions and Resocialization 94Social Interaction 94GLOBAL ISSUES: Socializing Hatred in a Region of

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Studies of Social Interaction 93The Dramaturgical Approach: Erving Goffman 93INEQUALITY MATTERS: Gender and Conversation 95Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis 96Why Study Socialization and Social Interaction? 96WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT: CREATING A JOBSEARCH PLAN AND PUTTING IT INTO ACTION 97Summary 98Chapter 6: Deviance andSocial ControlKey Terms 98Discussion Questions 99Discover State Stats 99Chapter 5: Groups, Organizations, and Bureaucracies 100When Groups Think . . . Groupthink 102The Nature of Groups 103The Power of Groups 104The Effects of Size 104DIGITAL SOCIETY: Social Interactions in a new Age of communication 105Types of Group Leadership 107Conformity to Groups 108Obedience to Authority 109Groupthink 110Economic, Cultural, and Social Capital 110Organizations 112Types of Formal Organizations 112INEQUALITY MATTERS: African AmericanWomen in Voluntary Associations 113Bureaucracies 114Written Rules and Regulations 115Bureaucracies: A Critical Evaluation 116Bureaucracy and Democracy 117The Global Organization 118International Governmental Organizations 118International Nongovernmental Organizations 119GLOBAL ISSUES: Amnesty International andThe Global Campaign for Human Rights 120Why Study Groups and Organizations? 121WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?SKILLS AND CAREERS: UNDERSTANDING ANDFOSTERING SOCIAL CHANGE 122Summary 123Key Terms 124Discussion Questions 124Discover State Stats 124Chapter 6: Deviance and Social Control 126

Conflict 95Studies of Social Interaction 96The Dramaturgical Approach: Erving Goffman 96Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis 97INEQUALITY MATTERS: Gender and Conversation 98Why Study Socialization and Social Interaction? 99WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Creating A Job Search Plan and Putting it into Action 100Summary 102Key Terms 102Discussion Questions 103

Chapter 5: Groups, Organizations, and Bureaucracies 104When Groups Think . . . Groupthink 106The Nature of Groups 107The Power of Groups 108The Effects of Size 108TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Social Interactions in a New Age of Communication 109Types of Group Leadership 111Conformity to Groups 112Obedience to Authority 113Groupthink 113Economic, Cultural, and Social Capital 114Organizations 115Types of Formal Organizations 115PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Individuals, Groups, and Academic Achievement 116Bureaucracies 117Written Rules and Regulations 118Bureaucracies: A Critical Evaluation 119Bureaucracy and Democracy 120The Global Organization 121International Governmental Organizations 121International Nongovernmental Organizations 122GLOBAL ISSUES: Amnesty International and the Global Campaign for Human Rights 123Why Study Group and Organizations? 124WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Understanding and Fostering Social Change 125Summary 126Key Terms 127Discussion Questions 127Chapter 6: Deviance and Social Control 128Snake Salvation 130

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A Suspicious Guy 128What Is Deviant Behavior? 129How Do Sociologists Explain Deviance? 130Biological Perspectives 130Functionalist Perspectives 131Deviance and Social Solidarity 131Structural Strain Theory 132Opportunity Theory 132Control Theory 133Conflict Perspectives 133Subcultures and Deviance 133PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: The War on Drugs: Who Gets Busted for Drug Use 134Class-Dominant Theory 135Structural Contradiction Theory 135Feminist Theory 135GLOBAL ISSUES: Globalization and Criminal Opportunities 136Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives 137Labeling Theory 137INEQUALITY MATTERS: The Saints and the Roughecks 138Differential Association Theory 139Types of Deviance 140Everyday Deviance 140Sexual Deviance 140Deviance of the Powerful 140Criminal Deviance 141Violent and Property Crimes 141Organized Crime 142Crimes of the Powerful 142Police Corruption and Police Brutality 143State Crimes 144Social Control of Deviance 144Informal Social Control 145Formal Social Control and Criminal Deviance 145Rising Prison Populations 145Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Criminal Deviance 146Why Study Deviance? 147WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?SKILLS AND CAREERS: PROBLEM SOLVING 148Summary 149Key Terms 150Discussion Questions 150Discover State Stats 150Chapter 7: Class and Inequality 152The Nouveau Poor 154Stratification in Traditional and Modern Societies 156Caste Societies 156

What Is Deviant Behavior? 131How Do Sociologists Explain Deviance? 133Biological Perspectives 133Functionalist Perspectives 134Deviance and Social Solidarity 134Structural Strain Theory 135Opportunity Theory 135TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control in an Age of High Technology 136Control Theory 137Conflict Perspectives 137Subcultures and Deviance 137Class-Dominant Theory 137Structural Contradiction Theory 138Feminist Theory 138GLOBAL ISSUES: Globalization and Criminal Opportunities 139Interactionist Perspectives 140Labeling Theory 140Differential Association Theory 141INEQUALITY MATTERS: The Saints and the Roughnecks 142Types of Deviance 143Everyday Deviance 143Sexual Deviance 143Deviance of the Powerful 143Crime 144Violent and Property Crimes 144Organized Crime 145Crimes of the Powerful 145Police Corruption and Police Brutality 146State Crimes 146Social Control of Deviance 147Informal Social Control 147Formal Social Control and Criminal Deviance 147Rising Prison Populations 147Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Criminal Deviance 148Why Study Deviance? 149WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: PROBLEM SOLVING 150Summary 151Key Terms 151Discussion Questions 152Chapter 7: Social Class and Inequality in the United States 154Poverty and Prosperity in the United States 156Stratification in Traditional and Modern Societies 157Caste Societies 157Class Societies 158

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Class Societies 156Sociological Building Blocks of Stratificationand Social Class 157Income 158Wealth 159Occupation 159Status 160Political Voice 160Why Does Stratification Exist and Persist inClass Societies? 160The Functionalist Explanation 160The Social Conflict Explanation 162DIGITAL SOCIETY: Power and Modern Technology 163Class and Inequality in the United States: Dimensions and Trends 164Income Inequality 164Wealth Inequality 165INEQUALITY MATTERS: The Minimum Wage Debate 166Other Gaps: Inequalities in Health Care, Health,and Access to Consumer Goods 166Why Has Inequality Grown? 167At the Bottom of the Ladder: Poverty inthe United States 169Global Inequality 170Dimensions of Global Inequality 170Theoretical Perspectives on Global Inequality 171BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Calculating U.S. Poverty 173Applying the Theories: The Case of NigerianOil Wealth 174GLOBAL ISSUES: The Rising Middle Class in India 175 *Moved to CH 8Why Study Inequality? 176WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SKILLS 177Summary 178Key Terms 178Discussion Questions 178Discover State Stats 179

Sociological Building Blocks of Stratification and Social Class 158Income 160Wealth 160Occupation 161Status 161Political Voice 161Class and Inequality in the United States: Dimensions and Trends 162Income Inequality 162Wealth Inequality 163PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Poverty and Work in the United States: The Minimum Wage Debate 164Other Gaps: Inequalities in Health Care, Health, and Access to Consumer Goods 166Why Has Inequality Grown? 167At the Bottom of the Ladder: Poverty in the United States 168The Problem of Neighborhood Poverty 169BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Calculating U.S. Poverty 170Why Do Stratification and Poverty Exist and Persist in Class Societies? 172The Functionalist Explanation 172The Social Conflict Explanation 173INEQUALITY MATTERS: Child Labor in the 21st Century 174Why Study Inequality? 175WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Quantitative Research Skills 176Summary 177Key Terms 177Discussion Questions 178Chapter 8: Global Inequality and Poverty 180 *Previously in CH 7Wealth and Poverty on the Road 182Dimensions of Global Inequality and Poverty 183Hunger, Mortality, and Fertility in Poor Countries 184BEHIND THE NUMBERS: The Challenge of Measuring Global Poverty 185Safe Sanitation 187Education Matters 189Technology: The Great Equalizer? 190TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: #FirstWorldProblems 192Theoretical Perspectives on Global Inequality 193Applying the Theories: The Case of Nigerian Oil Wealth 195

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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity 180 *Moved to CH 9A Dream Deferred . . . 182The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity 183Race 183Ethnicity 184Minorities 184Minority and Dominant Group Relations 185Expulsion 185Segregation 185Assimilation and Cultural Pluralism 186Theoretical Approaches to Race, Ethnicity, and Racism 187The Functionalist Perspective 187The Conflict Perspective 187The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective 188Prejudice and Discrimination 189Technologies of Discrimination 191Prison, Politics, and Power 191DIGITAL SOCIETY: Hate Goes Digital 192BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Black Women, “Colorism,”and Prison Sentencing 193Consequences of Prejudice and Discrimination:Race and Health 194Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States 195American Indians 195African Americans 196Latinos/Latinas 197INEQUALITY MATTERS: Who Has the Power to Name? 198Mexican Americans 198Cuban Americans 199Asian Americans 199Arab Americans 200White Ethnic Americans 200Race and Ethnicity in a Global Perspective 201Why Study Race and Ethnicity From a SociologicalPerspective? 202WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?

INEQUALITY MATTERS: Caste to Class: The Rising Middle Class in India 196Is There a Global Elite? 197Why Study Global Inequality From a Sociological Perspective? 199WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Conflict Dynamics and Resolution Skills 200Summary 201Key Terms 201Discussion Questions 201Chapter 9: Race and Ethnicity 202 *Formerly CH 8A Dream Deferred . . . 204The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity 205Race 205Ethnicity 205Minorities 205Minority and Dominant Group Relations 205Expulsion 205Segregation 207Assimilation and Cultural Pluralism 208Theoretical Approaches to Ethnicity, Racism, and Minority Status 209The Functionalist Perspective 209The Conflict Perspective 210The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective 210Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination 211Technologies of Discrimination 213Prison, Politics, and Power 213TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Hate Goes Digital 214BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Black Women, “Colorism,” and Prison Sentencing 215Consequences of Prejudice and Discrimination: Race and Health 215Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States 216American Indians 217African Americans 218Latinos/Latinas 219INEQUALITY MATTERS: Who Has the Power to Name? 220Mexican Americans 220Cuban Americans 221Asian Americans 221Arab Americans 222White Ethnic Americans 223Multiracial Americans 224Race and Ethnicity in a Global Perspective 225Genocide: The Mass Destruction of Societies 225What Explains Genocide? 227Why Study Race and Ethnicity From a Sociological

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SKILLS AND CAREERS: CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS 203Summary 204Key Terms 204Discussion Questions 204Discover State Stats 205

Chapter 9: Gender and Society 206 *Moved to CH 10Where The Boys Are (Not) 208Sociological Concepts of Sex and Gender 209Constructing Gendered Selves 210Agent Number One: The Family 211Gender Among Friends: Peer Influences 212Media Power: Reflecting and Reinforcing Gender 212Gender in the Classroom: Schools and Socialization 213The SAT Exam: Why Do Boys Outscore Girls? 214Doing Gender 215Gender and Society 215Gender and Family Life 216Gender and Higher Education 217Gender and Economics: Men, Women, andThe Gender Wage Gap 218BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Gender and Higher Education—Questions and Perceptions 219Men, Women, and Workplace Promotion: Glass Ceilings and Glass Escalators 221Sexual Harassment 222INEQUALITY MATTERS: Legal Gender Discriminationin the United States 223Classical Theories and Feminist Thinking 224Classical Sociological Approaches to Gender 224Contemporary U.S. Feminist Thinking on Gender 224Feminist Perspectives on Doing Sociology 227Toward a Sociology of Masculinity 228Gender in a Global Perspective 228Mothers and Children: The Threat of MaternalMortality 228Women and Education 229Lack of Rural Health Systems 229Disregard for Women 229The Price of (Being) a Girl 230Change Happens 230GLOBAL ISSUES: Son Preference in Modernizing Societies 231Why Study Gender From a Sociological Perspective? 232

Perspective? 228WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Critical Thinking Skills 229Summary 230Key Terms 230Discussion Questions 231Chapter 10: Gender and Society 232 *Previously CH 9Where the Boys Are (Not) 234Sociological Concepts of Sex and Gender 235Constructing Gendered Selves 237The Roots of Gender: The Family 237Gender Among Friends: Peer Influences 238Media Power: Reflecting and Reinforcing Gender 238Gender in the Classroom: Schools and Socialization 239Doing Gender 240Gender and Society 241Gender and Family Life 241Gender in High School: Why Do Boys Outscore Girls on the SAT? 242Gender and Higher Education 243Gender and Economics: Men, Women, and the Gender Wage Gap 244BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Gender and Higher Education: Questions and Perceptions 245Men, Women, and Workplace Promotion: Glass Ceilings and Glass Escalators 248Sexual Harassment 249Classical Theories and Feminist Thinking 249Classical Sociological Approaches to Gender 249INEQUALITY MATTERS: Legal Gender Discrimination in the United States 250Contemporary U.S. Feminist Thinking on Gender 251Feminist Perspectives on Doing Sociology 253Toward a Sociology of Masculinity 254Gender in a Global Perspective 255Mothers and Children: The Threat of Maternal Mortality 255Women and Education 255Lack of Rural Health Systems 256Disregard for Women 256The Price of (Being) a Girl 256Women and Conflict: Rape in War 257Change Happens: Women’s Empowerment 258Why Study Gender From a Sociological Perspective? 258GLOBAL ISSUES: Son Preference in Modernizing

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WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGYDEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: ACTIVEUNDERSTANDING OF DIVERSITY 233Summary 234Key Terms 234Discussion Questions 235Discover State Stats 235

Chapter 10: Families and Society 237 *Moved to CH 11The Drag of Debt: Student Loans and FamilyFormation Today 238Some Concepts Sociologists Use to StudyFamilies 239Families and the Work of Raising Children 240Theoretical Perspectives on Families 241The Functionalist Perspective on the Family 241The Feminist Approach: A Conflict Perspective . . .and Beyond 242His and Her Marriage 243The Psychodynamic Feminist Perspective 243U.S. Famlies Today and Yesterday 244Marriage, Divorce, and Family in the ModernUnited States 245BEHIND THE NUMBERS: What is a Family? 247Gay Marriage . . . and Divorce 248Immigration and Family Patterns 249GLOBAL ISSUES: Love and Commerce: The familyrental market in japan 250America’s First Nations: Native American Families 251Deaf Culture and Family Life 252Socioeconomic Class and Family in the United States 253Social Class and Child Rearing 253Economy, Culture, and Family Formation 254Family Life in the Middle Class 256Violence and the Family 257Globalization and Families 258INEQUALITY MATTERS: Domestic Violence and Homelessness 259International Families and the Global Woman 260Why Study Family Through a Sociological Lens? 261WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Qualitative Research Skills 262SummaryKey TermsDiscussion questions

Societies 259WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Active Understanding of Diversity 260Summary 261Key Terms 261Discussion Questions 262Chapter 11: Families and Society 264 *Formerly CH 10The Drag of Debt: Student Loans and Family Formation 266Some Concepts Sociologists Use to Study Families 267Families and the Work of Raising Children 268Theoretical Perspectives on Families 269The Functionalist Perspective 269The Feminist Approach: A Conflict Perspective . . . and Beyond 270His and Her Marriage 270The Psychodynamic Feminist Perspective 271U.S. Families Yesterday and Today 272Marriage and Divorce in the Modern United States 273BEHIND THE NUMBERS: What Is a Family? 273Gay Marriage . . . and Divorce 274Who’s Minding the Children? Child Care in the United States Today 277Immigration and Family Patterns 277GLOBAL ISSUES: Functional Alternatives to the Family in Modern Japan 279America’s First Nations: Native American Families 280Deaf Culture and Family Life 280Socioeconomic Class and Family in the United States 281Social Class and Child Rearing 281Economy, Culture, and Family Formation 282Family Life in the Middle Class 284Violence and the Family 285Globalization and Families 287INEQUALITY MATTERS: Domestic Violence and Homelessness 286International Families and the Global Woman 288Why Study Family Through a Sociological Lens? 288WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Qualitative Research Skills 290Summary 291Key Terms 291

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Discover State Stats

Chapter 11: Education and Society 264 *Now CH 12A College Dropout Boom? 266Education, Industrialization, and the “Credential Society” 267Theoretical Perspectives on Education 268The Functionalist Perspective 269The Conflict Perspective 270The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective 271Education, Opportunity, and Inequality 272Illiteracy and Word Poverty: The ChildhoodChallenge 272School Segregation 274Living in the Past? The U.S. School Calendar inModern Society 276BEHIND THE NUMBERS: How Many peopleDrop Out of High School? 277Education, Income, and Poverty 278Issues in U.S. Higher Education 279College and Income 279Internships and Higher Education 280Dropping In, Dropping Out: Why Are CollegeDropout Rates So High? 281DIGITAL SOCIETY: McDonaldization and Education 283Education in a Global Perspective 283Higher Education and Job Opportunities 284U.S. Students Meet the World 284GLOBAL ISSUES: Making A LINK betweenEducation and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa 285Why Study Education From a SociologicalPerspective? 286WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT: CONSIDERING GRADUATEAND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, PART I 287Summary 288Key Terms 289Discussion Questions 289Discover State Stats 289Chapter 12: Religion and Society 290 *Moved to CH 13I Pledge Allegiance . . . 292How Do Sociologists Study Religion? 293Theoretical Perspectives on Religion and Society 294The Classical View: Religion, Society, andSecularization 295Durkheim: The Functions of Religion 295Marx: Religion and Inequality 296

Discussion Questions 292Chapter 12: Education and Society 294 *Was CH 11A College Dropout Boom? 296Education, Industrialization, and the “Credential Society” 297Theoretical Perspectives on Education 298The Functionalist Perspective 299The Conflict Perspective 299The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective 301Education, Opportunity, and Inequality 302Illiteracy and Word Poverty: The Childhood Challenge 302School Segregation 303Living in the Past? The U.S. School Calendar in Modern Society 305BEHIND THE NUMBERS: How Many People Drop Out of High School? 307Education, Income, and Poverty 308Issues in U.S. Higher Education 308College and Income 308Internships and Higher Education 309Dropping In, Dropping Out: Why are College Dropout Rates So High? 311TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: McDonaldization and Education 312Education in a Global Perspective 313Higher Education and Job Opportunities 313U.S. Students Meet the World 313Why Study Education From a Sociological Perspective? 314GLOBAL ISSUES: Making a Link Between Education and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa 315WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Considering Graduate and Professional Education, Part I 316Summary 318Key Terms 318Discussion Questions 319Chapter 13: Religion and Society 320 *Was CH 12I Pledge Allegiance . . . 322How Do Sociologists Study Religion? 323Theoretical Perspectives on Religion and Society 324The Classical View: Religion, Society, and Secularization 325Durkheim: The Functions of Religion 325Marx: Religion and Inequality 327PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Émile Durkheim and the Function of Religion in Suicide 326

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Weber: Religious Values as Sources ofSocial Change 296PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Emile Durkheimand the function of religion in Suicide 297Synthesizing the Classical Theories 298Contemporary Sociological Theory and the“Religious Economy” Perspective 298Types of Religious Organizations 299Church 300Sect 300Cult 300DIGITAL SOCIETY: Eschatology on the Internet 301The Great World Religions 302Christianity 303Islam 303Judaism 304Hinduism 305Buddhism 306Confucianism 306Women and Religion 307Religion in the United States 308Trends in Religious Affiliation 308INEQUALITY MATTERS: Women, Hunger, andReligious Empowerment 309Religion and Disestablishment 311“Civil Religion” in the United States 312Religion and Global Societies 312Why Study the Sociology of Religion? 313WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT: CONSIDERING GRADUATEAND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, PART II 314Summary 315Key Terms 315Discussion Questions 316Discover State Stats 316Chapter 13: The State, Politics, and Power 318 *Moved to CH 14Elections and the Youth Vote 320The Modern State 321The Welfare State 322Political Rights and Civil Liberties 323Theories of State Power 323The Functionalist Perspective and Pluralist Theory 323The Conflict Perspective and Class Dominance Theory 325Power and Authority 326Traditional Authority 326Rational-Legal Authority 326Charismatic Authority 327

Weber: Religious Values as Sources of Social Change 327Synthesizing the Classical Theories 328Contemporary Sociological Theory and the “Religious Economy” Perspective 328Types of Religious Organizations 329Church 329Sect 330Cult 330TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Eschatology on the Internet 331The Great World Religions 332Christianity 332Islam 333Judaism 334Hinduism 336Buddhism 336Confucianism 337Women and Religion 337Religion in the United States 339INEQUALITY MATTERS: Women, Hunger, and Religious Empowerment 338Trends in Religious Affiliation 341Religion and Disestablishment 341“Civil Religion” in the United States 341Religion and Global Societies 342Why Study the Sociology of Religion? 343WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Considering Graduate and Professional Education, Part II 344Summary 346Key Terms 346Discussion Questions 347

Chapter 14: The State, War, and Terror 348 *Was CH 13 and CH 16The Births and Deaths of Countries 350The Modern State 351The Welfare State 353Political Rights and Civil Liberties 353Theories of State Power 354The Functionalist Perspective and Pluralist Theory 354The Conflict Perspective and Class Dominance Theory 355Power and Authority 357Traditional Authority 357Rational-Legal Authority 357Charismatic Authority 358Forms of Governance in the Modern World 358

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Forms of Governance in the Modern World 328Authoritarianism 328DIGITAL SOCIETY: Tweeting Revolution andResistance 329Totalitarianism 330Democracy 331The U.S. Political System 331Electoral Politics and the Two-Party System 332BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Electing a U.S. President 333Voter Activism and Apathy in U.S. Politics 334Power and Politics 335Social Movements and Politics 337Constituents 337INEQUALITY MATTERS: Money Matters:Interest Groups versus Corporations 338Contradictions in Modern Politics: Democracy and Capitalism 338Why Study Politics Through a Sociological Lens? 339WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?SKILLS AND CAREERS: WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONSKILLS 340Summary 341Key Terms 341Discussion Questions 342Discover State Stats 342

Chapter 14: Work, Consumption, and the Economy344 *Moved to CH 15The Low-Wage U.S. Labor Force 346The Economy in Historical Perspective 347The Agricultural Revolution and AgriculturalSociety 348The Industrial Revolution and Industrial Society 348Increased Use of Machinery and Mass Production 348The Birth of the Industrial Laborer 349Classes in Industrial Capitalism 349The Information Revolution and Postindustrial Society 350Automation and Flexible Production 350Reliance on Outsourcing 351Transformation of the Occupational and Class Structure 351BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Counting theEmployed and Unemployed in the United States

Authoritarianism 358Totalitarianism 359Democracy 360The U.S. Political System 360Electoral Politics and the Two-Party System 361Voter Activism and Apathy in U.S. Politics 362Power and Politics 364Social Movements, Citizens, and Politics 365Constituents 365INEQUALITY MATTERS: Money Matters: Environmentalists Versus Corporations 366Contradictions in Modern Politics: Democracy and Capitalism 367War, State, and Society 367A Functionalist Perspective on War 368A Conflict Perspective on War 369BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Counting the Civilian Casualties of War 370Terrorists and Terrorism 371Who Is a Terrorist? 371TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Terror Show 373What Is Terrorism? 374Why Study the State and Warfare Through a Sociological Lens? 374WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Written Communication Skills 376Summary 377Key Terms 378Discussion Questions 378Chapter 15: Work, Consumption, and the Economy 380 *Was CH 14The Low-Wage U.S. Labor Force 382The Economy in Historical Perspective 383The Agricultural Revolution and Agricultural Society 384The Industrial Revolution and Industrial Society 384Increased Use of Machinery and Mass Production 384The Birth of the Industrial Laborer 384Classes in Industrial Capitalism 385The Information Revolution and Postindustrial Society 386Automation and Flexible Production 386Reliance on Outsourcing and Offshoring 386Transformation of the Occupational and Class Structure 387BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Counting the Employed and the Unemployed in the United States 388The Service Economy and Emotional Labor 389

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352The Growing Service Economy and Emotional Labor 354Types of Economic Systems 354Capitalism 354A Case of Capitalism in Practice: A CriticalPerspective 355Socialism and Communism 356A Case of Socialism in Practice: A Critical Perspective 357Working On and off The Books 358The Formal Economy 358The Informal or Underground Economy in theUnited States 359Consumers, Consumption, and the U.S.Economy 359The Means of Consumption 359PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Must Work bePaid to be Economically Important? 360A Historical Perspective on Consumption 361Credit: Debt and More Debt 361Globalization and the New Economic Order 362Global Economic Interdependence 362A Global Market for Labor 362Is the Future of the Global Economy Green? 364DIGITAL SOCIETY: THE DIGITAL SWEATSHOP 365Why Study Economic Systems and Trends? 366WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLSAND CAREERS: DATA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 367Summary 368Key Terms 368Discussion Questions 369Discover State Stats 369Chapter 15: Health and Medicine 370 *Moved to CH 16The Rise of “Study Drug” Use Among U.S. Students 372Cultural Definitions of Health and Illness 373The Sick Role 373The Social Construction of Illness 374Health Care in the United States 374INEQUALITY MATTERS: Feminist StandpointTheory and the Construction of “Female” Ills 375Health and Public Safety Issues 375DIGITAL SOCIETY: Addiction and the Internet 376Social Inequalities in Health and Medicine 377Access to Health Care 378GLOBAL ISSUES: How the West Benefits from

Types of Economic Systems 390Capitalism 390A Case of Capitalism in Practice: A Critical Perspective 391Socialism and Communism 392A Case of Socialism in Practice: A Critical Perspective 393Working On and Off the Books 393The Formal Economy 394The Informal or Underground Economy 394Consumers, Consumption, and the U.S. Economy 395Theorizing the Means of Consumption 395PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Must Work Be Paid to Be Economically Important? 396A Historical Perspective on Consumption 397Credit: Debt and More Debt 398Globalization and the New Economic Order 398Global Economic Interdependence 398A Global Market for Labor 399Is the Future of the Global Economy Green? 400TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The Digital Sweatshop 401Why Study Economic Systems and Trends? 402WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Data and Information Literacy 403Summary 404Key Terms 404Discussion Questions 405

Chapter 16: Health and Medicine *Was CH 15The Rise of “Study Drug” Use Among U.S. Students 408Cultural Definitions of Health and Illness 409The Sick Role 410The Social Construction of Illness 410Health Care in the United States 411Health and Public Safety Issues 411INEQUALITY MATTERS: Feminist Standpoint Theory and the Construction of “Female” Ills 412TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Addiction and the Internet 413Social Inequalities in Health and Medicine 414GLOBAL ISSUES: Rick Countries and Poor Patients 415Access to Health Care 416

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Disease in the Developing World 380Sociology and Issues of Public Health in the United States 381Smoking 382Two Theoretical Perspectives on Public Health: The Case of Cigarettes 383Obesity 383Teen Pregnancy 384PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Poverty, Malnutrition, and Obesity 385Developing a Sociology of HIV/AIDS 387Gender and HIV/AIDS 387Poverty and HIV/AIDS 388Violence and HIV/AIDS 389Global Issues in Health and Medicine 389Why Should Sociologists Study Health? 391WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?SKILLS AND CAREERS: COMMUNITY RESOURCEAND SERVICE SKILLS 392Summary 393Key Terms 393Discussion Questions 393Discover State Stats 393Chapter 16: War, Terror, and Genocide 394 *Moved to CH 14Modern War: A Syrian Story 396War and Society 397A Functionalist Perspective on War 397A Conflict Perspective on War 399INEQUALITY MATTERS: Does The AmericanSoldier Look Like America? 400Rape as a Weapon of War 401BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Counting the CivilianCasualties of War 402PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: War, Women,and HIV/AIDS 404Terrorists and Terrorism 405Who Is a Terrorist? 405What Is Terrorism? 406Genocide: The Mass Destruction of Societies 407What Explains Genocide? 408Modernization and Mass Murder 409Why Should Sociologists Study War? 410WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?SKILLS AND CAREERS: CONFLICT DYNAMICSAND RESOLUTION SKILLS 411Summary 412Key Terms 412Discussion Questions 412Discover State Stats 412

Can Technology Expand Health Care Access? 417Sociology and Issues of Public Health in the United States 418Smoking 418Two Theoretical Perspectives on Public Health: The Case of Cigarettes 419Obesity 419PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: Poverty, Malnutrition, and Obesity 420Teen Pregnancy 421Developing a Sociology of HIV/AIDS 423Gender and HIV/AIDS 423Poverty and HIV/AIDS 424Violence and HIV/AIDS 425Global Issues in Health and Medicine 425Why Should Sociologists Study Health? 426WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: Community Resource and Service Skills 427Summary 428Key Terms 428Discussion Questions 429

Chapter 17: Population, Urbanization, and the

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Chapter 17: Population, Urbanization, andthe Environment 414Demographic Dilemma: Where Are the Girls? 416Global Population Growth 417Demography and Demographic Analysis 420Theory of the Demographic Transition 421Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurringin the West? 423Malthus and Marx: How Many People Are Too Many? 424Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits 425Simon: A Modern Critic Takes on Malthus 426Marx: Overpopulation or Maldistributionof Wealth? 426Malthus, Marx, and Modernity 427Urbanization 427The Rise of Industry and Early Cities 427Sociologists and the City 428INEQUALITY MATTERS: The Geometry of the City 429Cities in the United States 430The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs 430The Emergence of Global Cities 432World Urbanization Today 432GLOBAL ISSUES: Urbanization and the Spread ofHIV/AIDS: The Case of South Africa 433The Local and Global Environment 434Population Growth, Modernization, and theEnvironment 436DIGITAL SOCIETY: Your Computer and the Environment 437Underdevelopment and Overdevelopment in theModern World 438PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: What’s Onthe Menu? 439Why Study Population and Environment Froma Sociological Perspective? 440WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?SKILLS AND CAREERS: THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 441Summary 442Key Terms 442Discussion Questions 443Discover State Stats 443Chapter 18: Social Change and Social Movements444Opening the Floodgates 446Sociological Perspectives on Social Change 447The Functionalist Perspective on Social Change 447The Conflict Perspective on Social Change 449

Environment 430Demographic Dilemma: Where Are the Girls? 432Global Population Growth 433Demography and Demographic Analysis 436Theory of the First Demographic Transition 437Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West? 439Malthus and Marx: How Many People Are Too Many? 441Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits 441Simon: A Modern Critic Takes on Malthus 441Marx: Overpopulation or Maldistribution of Wealth? 442Malthus, Marx, and Modernity 442Urbanization 443The Rise of Industry and Early Cities 443INEQUALITY MATTERS: The Geometry of the City 444Sociologists and the City 445Cities in the United States 445The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs 445The Emergence of Global Cities 447World Urbanization Today 448GLOBAL ISSUES: Urbanization and the Spread of HIV/AIDS: The Case of South Africa 449The Local and Global Environment 450Population Growth, Modernization, and the Environment 452Underdevelopment and Overdevelopment in the Modern World 455TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: Your Computer and the Environment 453PRIVATE LIVES, PUBLIC ISSUES: What’s on the Menu? 454Why Study Population and Environment From a Sociological Perspective? 456WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? SKILLS AND CAREERS: The Global Perspective 457Summary 458Key Terms 459Discussion Questions 459

Chapter 18: Social Movements and Social ChangeA Low-Wage Revolution? 462Sociological Perspectives on Social Change 463The Functionalist Perspective 463The Conflict Perspective 464Rise-and-Fall Theories of Social Change 465INEQUALITY MATTERS: Sports and Social Change 466

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Rise-and-Fall Theories of Social Change 450Sources of Social Change 451Collective Behavior 451DIGITAL SOCIETY: Flash Mob! 452Contagion Theories 453Emergent Norm Theories 454Value-Added Theory 454INEQUALITY MATTERS: Occupywallstreet.org—Organizing OnLine 455How Do Crowds Act? 456Riots 456Fads and Fashions 456Panics and Crazes 457Social Movements 458Types of Social Movements 458Reformist Social Movements 459Revolutionary Movements 460Rebellions 461Reactionary Movements 461BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Millions ofDemonstrators . . . Or Not 462Communitarian Movements 463Why Do Social Movements Arise? 463Micro-Level Approaches 463Organizational-Level Approaches 463Macro-Level Approaches 465Cultural-Level Studies and “Frame Alignment” 465Micromobilization Contexts for Building SocialMovements 466New Social Movements 467Why Study Social Change? 467WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE?CAREER DEVELOPMENT: SELECTED SOCIOLOGYCAREER RESOURCES 468Summary 470Key Terms 470Discussion Questions 471Discover State Stats 471

Sources of Social Change 468Collective Behavior 468Contagion Theories 468Emergent Norm Theories 469Value-Added Theory 470How Do Crowds Act? 470Riots 470Fads and Fashions 471Panics and Crazes 471Social Movements 472Types of Social Movements 473Reformist Movements 473TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: #SocialChange 474Revolutionary Movements 476Rebellions 476BEHIND THE NUMBERS: Millions of Demonstrators . . . Or Not 477Reactionary Movements 478Utopian Movements 478Why Do Social Movements Arise? 479Micro-Level Approaches 479Organizational-Level Approaches 480Macro-Level Approaches 481Cultural-Level Studies and “Frame Alignment” 482Micromobilization Contexts for Building Social Movements 482New Social Movements 482Why Study Social Change? 483WHAT CAN I DO WITH A SOCIOLOGY DEGREE? CAREER DEVELOPMENT: Selected Sociology Career Resources 484Summary 486Key Terms 486Discussion Questions 487

* What’s New-bold these

*What’s moved location

*What’s removed

BEST BET BUNDLES

BUNDLE: Chambliss: Discover Sociology, 2e + Chambliss: Discover Sociology SAGE Edge: 9781483392806

CHAPTER BY CHAPTER CHANGES

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Overall Summary In the second edition of Discover Sociology, we have sought to keep strong parts of the first edition while

responding to the ideas of reviewers and faculty for new or expanded coverage of topics like global inequality, mass media, and sports and society. This edition features updated social indicators in every chapter, bringing in the newest available data from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Centers for Disease Control, and Pew Research, among others. This edition features a variety of new chapter openers and essay boxes that draw from events of contemporary interest and concern. Among the updated openers are sociologically relevant stories on the zombie phenomenon in the U.S. (chapter 3), the birth and death of states (chapter 14), and the nascent low-wage workers’ movement (chapter 18). New boxes draw readers’ attention to the debate over social media activism (or, some observers’ opinion, “slacktivism”), the role of sports in social change, and the function of social media for terror groups – among many others. This edition of Discover Sociology includes a new chapter -- “Global Inequality and Poverty.” The analysis and theorization of inequality are among the centerpieces of both classical and contemporary sociology and today, as our world becomes more connected and complex, our need to understand inequality through a global lens is growing. While many sociological forces are widening the gap between rich and poor, other forces – including mobile technology – may have the power to shrink the gap. Sociology offers significant ways of understanding the global picture that benefit students who will inhabit a world in which borders will decline in significance as economic, social, technological, and cultural connections grow. Other chapters have been substantially revised. In response to reviewer and instructor suggestions, Chapter 3 (“Culture and Media”) has been expanded to offer more coverage of the sociology of mass media. Chapter 3 uses ample examples from the mass media to illuminate key sociological concepts and explores some of the important theoretical insights sociologists have offered on the social significance of mass media, which is a dynamic and powerful part of contemporary culture. In this edition, chapter 7 (“Social Class and Inequality in the U.S.”) offers reorganized and expanded coverage, including consideration of neighborhood poverty, a growing phenomenon, the effects of which are felt across communities, in poor and non-poor households alike. We distinguish between household and neighborhood poverty and discuss the newest research on neighborhood poverty. Discover Sociology 2E features a new approach to chapter 14 (“State, War, and Terror”). In this edition, we pay particular attention to the state as a sociological phenomenon and, notably, as an important actor in the historical and global phenomena of war-making and war-fighting, discussing in particular the functions, beneficiaries, and losers in modern war. The chapter also takes a sociological perspective on the complex and contemporary topics of terror and terrorists, problems that today are confronting states and societies across the globe.

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 ("Discover Sociology") has minor changes. Chapter 1 updates include new economic data on

unemployment among college graduates.Chapter 2

Chapter 2 ("Discover Sociological Research") has a new chapter opener that describes the research of sociologist Alice Goffman and her book, On the Run (2014). The opener introduces students to the use of ethnographic research to study the consequences of the U.S. prison boom. Chapter 2 also includes a variety of updates of social indicators, including the following: high school drug use, wage data by gender, the correlation between education and earnings, poverty and obesity rates by state.

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 ("Culture" in 1E) has been renamed "Culture and Media" to reflect an expanded chapter focus

on mass media. Chapter 3 features a new opener on the popularity and meaning of zombie stories in U.S. mass media and culture. Chapter 3 also has new essay boxes: "Global Issues" features a new essay on the

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revival of the Irish language in Northern Ireland; "Technology & Society" (formerly "Digital Society") features an essay on power, control, and mass media moved from 1E's chapter 7; a third box features a new essay on religious ideology and destruction of cultural objects that highlights the Islamic State (IS or ISIS) campaign of destruction of religious sites and relics in Iraq and Syria. Chapter has a new A-level section entitled "Culture and Mass Media" that provides an overview of the sociological perspective on the function of mass media in modern society.

Chapter 4 Chapter 4 ("Socialization and Social Interaction") has minor changes. Chapter 4 has a new chapter opener

that describes new research (2014) on the occupational aspirations among young girls and boys who were exposed to different toys. Chapter 4 also has a new discussion of sports as an agent of socialization.

Chapter 5 Chapter 5 ("Groups, Organizations, and Bureaucracies") has minor changes. Changes in this chapter

include a new "Private Lives, Public Issues" box that describes recent research on the effects of academic ability grouping on student performance at the U.S. Air Force Academy. The section on "Bureaucracy and Democracy" has a new discussion of a nascent form of bureaucratic organization called a "holacracy"; the section discusses the implementation of "holacracy" at firms like Zappos.

Chapter 6 Chapter 6 ("Deviance and Social Control") has minor changes. Chapter six features a new "Technology &

Society" essay box on the topic of deviance, crime, and social control in an age of high technology. It also has updated statistical data on topics that include violent crime in the U.S., property crime in the U.S., and the imprisonment rate in the U.S. by race and gender.

Chapter 7 Chapter 7 (previously "Class and Inequality") is now titled "Social Class and Inequality in the U.S." It has

undergone major revisions. The chapter has a new chapter opener that highlights the recent phenomenon of wealthy investors purchasing in trailer park properties, which are perceived as a good investment because of the rise in Americans falling into poverty. The chapter has been reorganized to improve its organization and clarity. The chapter features updated statistics on topics including the U.S. household median income by race and ethnicity, the division of aggregate income by quintile, average hourly wages of new college graduates, and poverty threshholds and rates. Chapter 7 also has an update on the effects of the Affordable Care Act on the percentage of the population with health insurance and a map of minimum wages by state. The chapter features a new A-level section on neighborhood poverty that discusses this phenomenon and compares/contrasts it to household poverty. The section includes a map on the spread of neighborhood-level poverty in the U.S. The chapter features a new "Inequality Matters" essay box that discusses child labor in the 20th century in the context of young agricultural workers in the U.S. tobacco industry and a "Technology and Society" box that has been moved from 1E's chapter 3.

Chapter 8 Chapter 8 ("Global Inequality") is a new chapter that was written for Discover Sociology 2E in response to

reviewer and faculty interest in a chapter focused exclusively on global inequality. With the exception of a brief theoretical discussion and an essay box on the rise of the middle class in India taken from chapter 7 of 1E, the entire chapter (opener, sections, essay boxes, figures, maps, etc.) is new.

Chapter 9 Chapter 9 ("Race and Ethnicity" -- formerly chapter 8) has a number of small but important changes. The

chapter has some new statistical data, including a new figure on the distribution of household wealth by race. It also has updates on the breakdown of the U.S. population by race and ethnicity and a new written section devoted to the discussion of the new Census category of "multiracial" and its sociological significance. The chapter in 2E also includes a section on genocide that was adapted from chapter 16 in 1E in order to fit the theme of racial/ethnic relations in the 20th century.

Chapter 10

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Chapter 10 ("Gender and Society" -- formerly chapter 9) has minor changes. The chapter features new research references on gender socialization, as well as updated statistics on SAT scores by sex, college enrollment and completion by sex, and the gender wage gap in the U.S. The chapter also has a new subsection on women and war that focuses on the problem of war rape historically and today.

Chapter 11 Chapter 11 ("Families and Society" - formerly chapter 10) has minor changes. This chapter features

updated data on student debt, family composition, and marriage in the U.S. It includes a new section on U.S. childcare trends and an expansion of the subsection on Native American families. The chapter also has new research material in the section on middle class parenting on the development of "competitive kid capital" (2013).

Chapter 12 Chapter 12 ("Education and Society" - formerly chapter 11) has minor changes. Changes in this chapter

are largely in the area of updated statistics on topics including college matriculation, dropouts, and completion; income of college graduates; and segregation in U.S. public schools by major metropolitan area.

Chapter 13 Chapter 13 ("Religion" - formerly chapter 12) has minor changes. The changes in this chapter focus on an

expansion of the section on new religious movements and a broader discussion of the phenomemon of the rising proportion of Americans who report that they are not religiously affiliated.

Chapter 14 Chapter 14 ("State, War, and Terror" -- formerly chapter 13 and titled "State, Politics, and Power") has

undergone some major changes. The chapter has a new opener that brings together the new topics with a vignette on the birth and death of states that talks about the fraying of the Iraqi state in 2014 as a result of war and terror. The chapter has been reorganized to focus on perspectives on the state, war, and terror as sociological phenomena. The material on war and terror was adapted from chapter 16 in 1E, but updated and revised to fit better with the state theme. The chapter includes a new "Technology & Society" essay box that discusses the use and function of social media in the terror campaign of the Islamic State (IS or ISIS).

Chapter 15 Chapter 15 ("Work, Consumption, and the Economy" - formerly chapter 14) has undergone minor

changes. The chapter includes important statistical updates on unemployment rates by education, race, and sex; credit card debt; and CEO compensation. It also features a new discussion of automation in the service industry and a new discussion of offshoring by U.S. firms.

Chapter 16 Chapter 16 ("Health and Medicine" - formerly chapter 15) has minor changes. It has a significant number

of statistical updates, including new data on self-reported health by income, teen pregnancies and births, obesity and overweight, smoking, and the global incidence of HIV/AIDS. The chapter has a new subsection on technology and health care access that discusses the new phenomenon of "doctors on demand" mobile applications. Chapter 16 also has an expansion of earlier discussions of the exploitation of the poor as test subjects for pharmaceutical companies and the expansion of Medicaid coverage among Americans.

Chapter 17 Chapter 17 ("Population, Urbanization, and the Environment") has minor changes. Changes include data

updates on total fertility rates, life expectancy at birth, and new weather events associated with climate change.

Chapter 18 Chapter 18 ("Social Movements and Social Change") has some important changes that include a new

opener that highlights the recent low-wage worker movement that has sought an increase in the minimum wage, in particular in the fast food sector. The chapter also has two new essay boxes:

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"Inequality Matters" highlights the theme of sports and social change and effect of key historical figures like Jackie Robinson on societal change; "Technology & Society" discusses the new phenomenon of "hashtag activism" that was seen in the recent campaign to #bringbackourgirls in Nigeria.

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Discover Sociology, Second Edition - SAGE Pub - Disc… · Web viewprovides easy LMS integration. ... Illiteracy and Word Poverty: The Childhood Challenge 302. ... The Welfare State