Disciplinary power:• Normalizes the individual body• Centered on the body as the anatomic politics of the body• Optimizes and micromanages the body to make it efficient: e.g., Diet, beauty regimen, new language learning• Discipline is enforced through surveillance• Biopower: manages and normalizes the body politic (population)• Collect data, categorize and classify, average or normalize to

attain even distribution around the bell curve (norm)• Manage instances that do not fit the bell curve, i.e., pull in the

outliers: e.g.: child being measured by doctors (h/w); BMI; population trend of what is normal; monitor the bell curve to enforce the normal for security: the “society must be defended”

• Discipline is literal• Biopower is metaphorical

Biopower: The operations of power that secure and defend the nation-state as it circulates within civil society • F’s biopower refers to the techniques of “subjugation of

bodies and the control of populations.”  • 18th C: Power was intertwined into the development of

capitalism as the bodies of workers were inserted into the production machinery and population was applied to economic processes. 

• Segregation and social hierarchization (class) ensured “relations of domination and effects of hegemony”

• War of attrition or racial conflicts defend the established norms of the society, i.e., it being expressed as the nation-state.

• ‘if I want to live, you must die’ into a biological formulation: ‘death of the bad race, of the inferior race (or the degenerate, or the abnormal)

F’s Biopower: the political logic used to manage and control populations through speculations about the future based on probabilities and statistics. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVhE3Muh3co first 3 min only (2008)

Governmentality is used for the security of the society, i.e., the state’s complex conduits of power as expressed in its institutions, procedures, tactics and calculations are used/ applied on its target population, as its principal form of knowledge, and as its essential apparatuses of security. E.g. Occupy student debt youtube posted

This security system is the main apparatus of biopower that is expressed as the state’s policies and practices.

These policies and their implementation should result in the economic maximization of resources while maintaining scarcity and acceptable levels of poverty.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bk7u0HKrwb4 Ap2012 7 min

• ‘Truth’ (as expressed by power) is produced by institutions and by scientific discourses formulated in relation to these institutions

• The state’s (or any organized) dominant economic and political structures control the production and transmission of what should be accepted as ‘the truth’.

• ‘hardened into an unalterable form in the long baking process of history’

• Truth is produced by institutions and by scientific discourses formulated in relation to these institutions

• The state’s (or any organized) dominant economic and political structures control the production and transmission of the truth

• We assume it is truth when it becomes ‘hardened into an unalterable form in the long baking process of history’

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0hQeykz5ZY truth a soc construct? An argument 6 min watch it yourself

Foucault utilizes genealogy to figure out the various practices applied on the body and the dominating powers that produce such practices.

F’s Genealogy’s role: • to connect different events according to ‘the

emergence of different interpretations’ • to explain these different interpretations as a

‘perspective’ rather than a universal or transcendental truth.

Foucault utilizes genealogy to figure out the various practices applied on the body and the dominating powers that produce such practices.

episteme

This term, which Foucault introduces in his book The Order of Things

It refers to the orderly 'unconscious' structures underlying the production of scientific knowledge in a particular time and place.

It is the 'epistemological field'

This forms the conditions of possibility for knowledge in a given time and place.

Right to take life or let live is Juridical power: King’s Power over death from the period of Enlightenment

• Used by official institutions: e.g. govt.

• Prohibits and punishes: Subtraction of freedom of the individual – gain of ones power and loss of another’s

• Transgressions are punished

• Individual as subject and as object of powerCurrent State power:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnBiLdw7aKI&list=PLC84EEB1FBAFC62E5

55 min May 2012 Talking Biopolitics online conversations-- watch it yourself

F’s disciplinary and biopolitical power: Power over Life• To make one follow the norm: quantify, measure, appraise and hierarchize• Power to take charge of life: does not separate the state from the citizens• The power effects distributions around the norm.(subtraction vis a vis

normalization)• Law operates as the Normalizing instrument• F differentiates between life and norm• Power is productive and positive – investment and valorization of the

body • Power administers, optimizes and multiplies and implements the norm• Individual bodies are micromanaged in producing them as normalized

bodies• Body politic of the population is similarly normalized• Power is neither inhibiting nor permitting• Unofficial institutions regulate through normative powere.g.: peer pressure, unwritten rules of social norms

• Law cannot regulate the way unofficial opinion can over life: e.g.:

• Body size; gender and other social organizational aspects

• The aim of biopower is that the society must be stabilized and normalized

• Opinion regulates such issues that affect others in the society through rewards or negative reinforcements

Power over life:• Means: production of power• Location: everywhere and micromanaged• Source: unofficial• Works through positive/ negative reinforcements

• Right to death: subtraction of one’s power• Right to life: production of power

• In juridical power liberation is fight against subtraction and if power prohibits, resistance is disobedience.

• In biopower, resistance and oppositional activities augment the resisters’ powere.g. sexual revolution of the 60s

• When we think we are resisting, we are increasing our access to power – this complements power – can’t get rid of power

• How then can you resist power?• Micro-subvert it and not being governed by the system, by

playing the system

The care (and practice) of the self

Judith Butler:• Resist normative power• Gender Trouble: normalization is repeated performance –

normative is repetition of the norm• Resist hierarchal binarism

e.g.: drag queens- better women (high normative feminism) compared to women

• Subversion by changing a little each time you represent through disruptionRepetitions often fail to perfectly conform to the norms that inspire/require them.

• How many of us fail to perform ideal (hetero, white, able-bodied, middle-class) masculinity or femininity? Even most hetero white able-bodied middle-class women fail to perform ideal femininity

• In the potential for (intentionally or unintentionally) imperfect repetitions, that disciplinary power produces its own resistances.

Reading The History of Sexuality: An Introduction (Vol. 1)

Duration: 6:54 Published: 2010-11-13 Uploaded: 2012-09-28 Author: Michael McDonell

http://wn.com/Reading_The_History_of_Sexuality_An_Introduction_Vol_16 .5min

Rather than thinking of sexuality as a biological given that can either be freed or repressed by external forces, Foucault looks at the way that the truth of sexuality is produced by certain institutions and discourses. He argues that we are saturated with images of sexuality, not because we are more free, but because it is a new way for power to be organized - biopolitics.

Michel Foucault - The Culture of the Self, First Lecture, Part 5 of 7

Duration: 10:46 min Published: 2010-07-13 Uploaded: 2012-07-31 Author: apolloxias

http://wn.com/Michel_Foucault__The_Culture_of_the_Self,_First_Lecture,_Part_5_of_7

This is the first of a series of three lectures in which French philosopher Michel Foucault examines Western culture's conceptual development of individual subjectivity. He gave these lectures, in English, at UC Berkeley, beginning on April 12, 1983, roughly a year before he died. There are some negligable distortions in the tape. plato.stanford.edu