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Occured accidents and prevention
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AccidentsBHOPAL, FLIXBOROUGH, SEVESO, PHILIPPINES
Flixborough Disaster
Basic Information
Plant: Nypro Chemical Plant Location: Flixborough, Licolnshire,
England Owner: Nypro (UK) Ltd Date and Time: June 1, 1974; 16:53 Death: 28 Injuries: 36
History and Purpose
In 1967, Fisons in collaboration with Dutch State Mines (DSM) formed Nypro (UK) a chemical plant positioned at Flixborough, Licolnshire, England.
The purpose of the plant was to produce caprolactam or 6-amino-caproic acid, a chemical used as a precursor in producing nylon.
Hazards Involved
Chemical process of oxidizing cyclohexane posed a great hazard.
Accident
Explosion with warfare like magnitude and dimensions, equivalent to 15 – 45 tons of TNT, decimated the area within a 6 mile radius.
Reason for Accident
Replacement of a damaged reactor with a 20” bypass pipe, without qualified engineering staff to oversee design and replacement. A rise in pressure caused the bypass pipe to twist and rupture causing a vapor cloud that was assumed to be ignited by a nearby furnace.
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
How to Prevent the Accident
If one was to follow the replacement of the reactor with a bypass pipe, a qualified engineering staff with knowledge in design and safety is needed to decrease the risk of the pipe from rupturing.
What to Do During the Accident
During the explosion, if debris are falling from the ceiling, hide below a sturdy table or desk until they stop.
Leave the building as quickly as possible, while paying attention to weakened floors and stairways.
Bhopal, IndiaThe world’s worst industrial disaster
Basic Info
Plant: Union Carbide India, Ltd. Location: Bhopal, India Date established: 1969 Owner: 51% Union Carbide Corporation
49% Indian Government
History & Purpose
Pesticide: Carbaryl = CH3NCO + 1-naphthol +
catalyst 1979: CH3NCO plant added to produce
from phosgene and methylamine
THEAccident
December 2- 3, 1984 40 metric tons methyl isocyanate gas
released into the atmosphere Dead: 25,000 Suffering until today: 100,000++
› (cancer to birth defects)
Reason of the Tragedy
CH3NCO + H2O → 1,3-dimethyl urea + 1,3,5-trimethyl biuret + CO2 + heat
CH3NCO boils at 102°F Unoperational equipments Groundwater pollution
Unoperational Equipments
Pollution
What to do during
Prevention
Have safety masks ready at all times Reducing the amount of CH3NCO in
production Constant inspection and maintenance Early action to environmental concerns
Seveso Disaster, 1976
Basic Information
Plant: ICMESA (IndustrieChimicheMedaSocietaAzionaria) chemical company
Location: Seveso, Italy Date: July 10, 1976
History and Purpose
ICMESA was a small company, until 1965 Givaudan, a Swiss company took interest in it.
ICMESA is a chemical plant manufacturing pesticides and herbicides.
Hazards Involved
The chemical tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin was being produced from 1,2,4,5- tetrachlorobenzene
Accident The explosion
released a dense vapor cloud containing tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (TCDD) was released from the reactor used for the production of trichlorophenol.
Reason for Accident
A reaction producing trichlorophenol was left unfinished and uncooled as the last shift for the week-end. The chemicals heated up spontaneously and blew safety valves in the reactor. Heat and pressure built up steadily in the absence of a water shield and dioxin formed.
How to Prevent the Accident
Be equipped with absorbers, sensors, alarms and other basic equipment.
Be alert and re-check readings from time to time
Workers should be well-informed of the possible consequences, and the properties of their working chemicals so they will work with more caution.
What to Do During the Accident
Evacuate the area and Contact emergency agency
immediately Listen to radios or television for
instructions
Valenzuela Mop Factory
Factory: Arctic Mop Yarn Factory Location: Valenzuela, Philippines Date: February 22, 2011
Accident
A worker was crushed to death by the carding machine with which he was working on.
The carding machine is a machine that cleans the cotton fiber before it is turned into thread.
Reason for Accident
While the worker was feeding cotton into the carding machine, the hem of his shirt got caught in the machine due to improper safety precautions.
How to Prevent the Accident
Complete enclosure of the moving parts of the prime mover transmission by means of barrier guards, with restricted access allowed through sliding or hinged gates which are locked or interlocked.
Secure fencing of all dangerous parts to prevent access while they are in motion.
What to Do During the Accident
Immediate shut off of the machinery Remove clothing caught in the machine Call for ambulance
References
http://speakindia.wordpress.com/2010/06/21/bhopal-gas-tragedy-disturbing-facts/
http://www.stephanebouillet.com/en/project/bhopal-xxv/informations-bhopal-disaster
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142333/ http://newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem99/chem99589.htm http://www.aristatek.com/newsletter/NOV09/NOV09ts.pdf http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/fact-file-bhopal-gas-
disaster-1.638025 http://www.bhopal.org/what-happened/ http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/41406 http://www.bhopal.org/
References
http://suite101.com/article/flixborough-disaster-nypro-chemical-factory-explosion-of-1974-a262512#ixzz27jPlsYJH
http://www.sozogaku.com/fkd/en/cfen/CB1058048.html http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/caseflixboroug74.htm http://www.acusafe.com/Incidents/Flixborough1974/incident-
flixborough1974.html http://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/ressources/
5611_flixborough_eb_pl_ang.pdf http://www.ico.edu/policies/Environment%20of%20Care/Fire
%20or%20Explosion%20Response.pdf
References
http://www.ico.edu/policies/Environment%20of%20Care/Fire%20or%20Explosion%20Response.pdf
http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/caseseveso76.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/seveso/index.htm http://www.davidcwilson.com/Seveso.pdf http://www.mepa.org.mt/topics-seveso-background http://varenya.hubpages.com/hub/Seveso-man-made-disaster# http://www.osh.dol.govt.nz/order/catalogue/archive/
cardingmachines.pdf http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?
articleId=660293&publicationSubCategoryId=65
QUESTIONS ?
1. What was the content of the vapor cloud that was released in Seveso?
a. tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxinb. Tetrachlorodibenzometadioxinc. trichlorodibenzoparadioxind. Trichlorodibenzometadioxin
2. When did the Seveso accident happen?
a. July 10, 1976b. June 1, 1974c. June 10, 1976d. July 1, 1974
3. Seveso is in the country of ______ .a. Franceb. Italyc. Russiad. England
4. Caprolactam is a precursor to producing what?
a. Gumb. Nylonc. Pasteld. Paste
5. What company owns the chemical plant in Flixborough England?
a. Nutrichemb. Chemlabc. NitroChemd. Nypro (UK)
EndNg Chua. Ngo. Tomas.
© 2012