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CONCEPTS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACEC YASHADA
CONCEPTS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• LET US UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS BEFORE WE START STUDYING DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE NATIONAL VISION AS WELL AS THE PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE FIELD
• THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM ALSO NEEDS TO BE UNDERSTOOD
3
TERMINOLOGY
DISASTER
“… A SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A SOCIETY, CAUSING WIDESPREAD HUMAN, MATERIAL, OR ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES WHICH EXCEED THE ABILITY OF THE AFFECTED SOCIETY TO COPE USING ITS OWN RESOURCES.”
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A PLANNED APPROACH FOR THE PREVENTION OF DISASTER, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TO DISASTERS, AND RECOVERY FOLLOWING DISASTERS
.
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WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT ?
• TO MINIMIZE DEATHS AND LOSSES.• MINIMUM LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS &
PLANNING CAN DO IT.• WITHOUT IDENTIFICATION OF RISK &
VULNERABILITY, ONLY KNOWLEDGE OF HAZARDS IS OF NO USE
• NORMAL PROCEDURES ARE INSUFFICIENT TO HANDLE GRAVE SITUATIONS.
Definitions• Risk is defined as the frequency of an event happening and its
impact• A Hazard is a physical or human-made event that can potentially
trigger a disaster. • Vulnerability is ‘Susceptibility to harm’ of those at risk• Capacities are the qualities & resources of community ( or
individual) to … anticipate, cope with, resist & recover from the impact of hazards
RiskH = Hazards - Potentiality of a physical event that may cause loss of life or property
R = Risks - Probability of harmful consequences or losses
V = Vulnerabilities - Factors or processes - physical, social, economic, and environmental - which increase susceptibility of an area or a community to damage and lossC = Capacities - Strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.
H x V ÷ C=
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HAZARDS
VIOLENCE BASEDWar, Armed Conflict, Physical Assaults etc.
NATURE BASED Earthquakes,
Droughts, Floods,Cyclones etc.
FAILING INDUSTRIALLIZED SOCIETY BASEDFire, Gas leakage,
Transport Collisions etc.
DETERIORATION BASED
Environmental Degradation,
Declining Health, Education & other Social services.
Risk Analysis
Vulnerability Assessment &
Analysis
Hazard Assessment &
Analysis
Information, Interpretation
Awareness Generation
Early Warning
Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Risk Identification
Risk Analysis
Risk Evaluation
Hazard, Vulnerability
Capacity Assessment
Consequences & Likelihood –
hence level of the Risk
Nature of Impact on Elements at
Risk
Range of potential losses & damages &
how these could occurAssessment of
capacities & Resources
Risk Prioritization & Decision
Making
1. Ranking of most vulnerable Communities
2. Make decision about strategies to be followed
R = H X V / C
Mitigation Measures
Preventive MeasuresHAZARD
Prevention & Mitigation Measures
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VULNERABLITY
Vul. To Hazard
% of Area
Earthquake 57%
Droughts 68%
Cyclones 08%
Floods 12%
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TYPES OF DISASTERS
SUB GROUP IWATER & CLIMATE RELATED DISASTERS
FLOODS & DRAINAGE MGT., CYCLONES, TORNADOES & HURRICANES, HAILSTORM, CLOUD BURST, HEAT WAVE & COLD WAVE, SNOW AVALANCHES, DROUGHTS, SEA EROSION AND THUNDER & LIGHTNING.
SUB GROUP IIGEOLOGICALLY RELATED DISASTERS
LANDSLIDES, MUDFLOWS, EARTHQUAKES, DAM FAILURES / DAM BURSTS AND MINE FIRES.
SUB GROUP III
CHEMICAL, INDUS., & NUCLEAR RELATED DISASTER
THE CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL & NUCLEAR DISASTERS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED.
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TYPES OF DISASTERS (CONTD…)SUB GROUP IV ACCIDENT
RELATED DISASTERS
FOREST / URBAN FIRES, MINE FLOODING, OIL SPILL, MAJOR BLDG. COLLAPSE, SERIAL BOMB BLASTS ETC.
SUB GROUP V BIOLOGICALLY RELATED DISASTERS
BIOLOGICAL DISASTER & EPIDEMICS, PEST ATTACKS, CATTLE EPIDEMICS & FOOD POISONING ETC.
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Major Phases of Disaster Management Cycle.
Disasterimpact
Response
Recovery
Development
Preparedness
Mitigation
Prevention
DM CONTINUUM
CYCLE
EXPAND – CONTRACT MODEL OF DM
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Causal Factors of Disaster
DISASTER
Lack ofInformation
Poverty PopulationGrowth
RapidUrbanization
EnvironmentallDegradation
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POVERTY LACK OF RESOURCE BASES,
SUPPORT SYSTEM,INSURANCE OPPORTUNITIES
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LACK OF INFORMATION
CENTRALIZED INFORMATION IS HELPFUL ONLY FOR A CERTAIN RANGE OF THE POPULATION, PARTICULARLY
GOVERNMENT.
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IN EVACUATION, FIRST AID, RESCUE ETC.
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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
DESTRUCTION OF MANGROVE SWAMPS IN COASTAL AREAS.
CONSTRUCTION OF HUGE DAMS DESTRUCTING VAST AREA OF
FOREST.
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RAPID URBANISATION
EVERYBODY WANTS TO SETTLE IN URBAN AREA. HIGH RATES CAN’T ACCOMMODATE EVERY CLASS OF
PEOPLE. IT RESULTS IN GROWTH OF SLUMS, UNPLANNED CONSTRUCTION
WITHOUT REGULATIONS.
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POPULATION GROWTH
EFFECT ON THE PEOPLE LIVING IN CROWDED
AREAS.
PARADIGM SHIFT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
RESPONSE
RELIEF
REHABILITATION
RECONSTRUCTION
CRISIS
MANAGEMENT
PREPAREDNESS
MITIGATION
PREVENTION
DEVELOPMENT
RISK
MANAGEMENT
DISASTERS
NATIONAL VISION
TO BUILD A SAFER AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA BY DEVELOPING A HOLISTIC, PROACTIVE, MULTI DISASTER
AND TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT THROUGH COLLECTIVE EFFORTS OF ALL
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS.
SAFER AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA HOLISTIC, PROACTIVE, MULTI DISASTER AND TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGY COLLECTIVE EFFORTS OF ALL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS
NDMA
NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE
CENTRES
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
MINISTRIES & DEPARTMENTS OF
GOVT OF INDIA
MHA
NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTNEC
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
STATE GOVTs
SDMAs
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
CORPORATE SECTOR
NGOs
SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS
PROFESSIONAL BODIES
C O M M U N I T Y
DISTTs
LOCAL BODIES
ARMED FORCES
CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL CALAMITIES
GOVT OF INDIA
DDMAs
CABINET COMMITTEE ON
SECURITY
DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT 2005
.
THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
• IT WAS ENACTED UNDER THE CONCURRENT LIST OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA • THE ACT COMPRISES 79 SECTIONS AND 11 CHAPTERS • DEFINES DISASTER AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN ITS NEW CONCEPT
• IT PROVIDES FOR THE PRE-REQUISITE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS
• ENSURES MEASURES BY VARIOUS WINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF DISASTERS
• IN TUNE WITH THE PARADIGM SHIFT, THE STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED TO AMEND THEIR RELIEF CODES
• THE ACT PROVIDES FOR A NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA)
• THE STATE GOVERNMENTS SHALL CREATE STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES AND DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES
• THERE SHALL BE A DISASTER RESPONSE FUND AND DISASTER MITIGATION FUND AT NATIONAL, STATE AND DISTRICT LEVELS
SALIENT FEATURES.• CHAPTER 1- ( S1-S2)- PRELIMINARY• CHAPTER 2- ( S3-S13)- NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.• CHAPTER 3- ( S14-S24) – STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.• CHAPTER 4- ( S25-S34) – DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.• CHAPTER 5- ( S35-S40) – MEASURES BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR
DISASTER MANAGEMENT.• CHAPTER 6 - ( S41) – LOCAL AUTHORITIES.• CHAPTER 7- (S42- S 43) – NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
INSTITUTE.• CHAPTER 8- (S44- S 45) – NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE.• CHAPTER 9– (S46- S 50) – FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT.• CHAPTER 10– (S51- S60) –OFFENCES AND PENALTIES.• CHAPTER 11– (S61- S 79) – MISCELLANEOUS
PENAL PROVISIONS (SEC 51-60)
SECTION 51:• PUNISHMENT FOR OBSTRUCTION AND/OR NON-
COMPLIANCE OF THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE CENTRAL / STATE GOVT, NEC, SEC, DDMA:
UPTO ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE OR BOTH.
• IF SUCH OBSTRUCTION RESULTS IN LOSS OF LIVES OR IMMINENT DANGER THEREOF : IMPRISONMENT MAY EXTEND TO TWO YEARS.
PUNISHMENT FOR FALSE CLAIM FOR OBTAINING RELIEF, ASSISTANCE ETC.
SECTION 52:
TWO YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT WITH FINE.
PUNISHMENT FOR MISAPPOPRIATION OF MONEY OR MATERIALS
SECTION 53:
TWO YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT AND FINE.
PUNISHMENT FOR FALSE WARNING
• SECTION 54:
ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE.
OFFENCES BY DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT
• SECTION 55:
• IN CASE OF AN OFFENCE BY THE GOVT DEPARTMENT, THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT TO BE HELD GUILTY UNLESS HE PROVES OTHERWISE
• ANY OTHER OFFICER FOUND GUILTY TO BE PROCEEDED AGAINST AND PUNISHED
REFUSAL TO PERFORM ANY DUTY BY ANY GOVT. OFFICER
• SECTION 56:
ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE.
PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF ANY ORDER OF REQUISITIONING
• SECTION 57:
ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE OR BOTH
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Thanks!