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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RESILIENCE FOR
FOOD SECURITY
The First Arab Conference on Disaster Risk ReductionMarch, 2013
Carlo ScaramellaWFP Deputy Regional Director, Middle East and Central Asia
”Climate change has been at the top of my priority list since I took office in 2007….
The world’s poorest and most vulnerable to hunger have little resilience to intensifying cycles of extreme drought and flood.”
UNSG Ban Ki-moon at recent
Doha negotiations
Climate change,
a hunger risk multiplier
A changing risk environment Climate change, a hunger risk multiplier
Intensifying disasters trends
Resource scarcity and degradation (land, water, food, energy, biodiversity)
Eroding ecosystems and livelihoods
Food price volatility
Increasing governance challenges, ie, urbanization, migration, conflict, all affecting human security
Equity, poverty, inclusion – all fundamental development challenges, and
Inter-dependency and complexity of risk drivers
2 degrees,
the tipping point
Accelerating hunger trends and deepening poverty and inequality in vulnerable countries/communities.
For example:
Overall risk of hunger projected to increase by up to 20 % by 2050 In Africa, potential decline of 50% productivity in rainfed areas - over 650 million people already affected by land degradation
Large social and FNS impact
Intensifying hunger risks
Disaster and extreme weather trends
Droughts
Floods
Storms
Price volatility 9 billion people by 2050
50-70% more food needed
Decreasing stocks and increasing demand
Key recommendations:
Target populations and sectors that are most vulnerable
Increase resources allocated to adaptation and DRR
Enhance resilience through social protection
Scale up investments in capacities to deal with increasing environmental stress and potential shocks
Helping individuals, communities and nations build adaptive capacities to cope better themselves with the threat of disasters
most water scarce region in the world, highly food import dependent (over 50% of food imported), with growing urbanization challenges
highly vulnerable to climate change, which will compound development challenges
CC > increased water and resource scarcity, reduced agricultural productivity, heightened disaster risks, sea level rise, salinization of coastal areas
poverty and under-nutrition becoming increasingly a urban phenomenon
overlapping challenges of poverty, social exclusion, food insecurity, human security and climate risk
Key points on climate change and resilience in the Arab region
World Bank 2012 Report: Adaptation to a Changing Climate in the Arab Countries (December 2012)
IMPACTS:Climate change is happening now. The year 2010 was the warmest since the late 1800.
Water scarcity a challenge, reduced agricultural production.
Urban populations growing, particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Climate change and resilience in the Arab region
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS: Assess and make
available access to climate data and information.
Build climate resilience through social protection mechanisms.
Create conductive policy environment for adaptation.
WFP supported over
100 million
people in 80 countries
In 2012
WFP’s engagement in DRR and Resilience
Strong internal policy foundation: WFP’s Strategic Plan and WFP’s Policy on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management – Building Food Security and Resilience.
Programme mainstreaming: half of WFP’s programmes have a DRR or climate change component, accounting for 80% of countries where WFP operates.
Analysis and innovation: linking vulnerability and food security analysis with risk mapping and adaptation planning.
Inter-agency and process engagement: Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, UN-Plan of Action on DRR, UNFCCC negotiations, RBA-collaboration, and others.
Closing the gap between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
Many climate change impacts will materialize through increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events
Both approaches aim to manage risks and reduce potential impacts by anticipating risks, addressing vulnerabilities, enhancing resilience
Building blocks in DRMManaging climate risk at scale requires the
integration of several building blocks…
Knowledge, preparedness and response
capacity
Productive capacity of vulnerable
communities enhanced & sustainable
Effective social protection and safety nets for people at-risk
Governance, policy frameworks, coordination
Knowledge, preparedness and response capacities
• Risk knowledge and disaster EW information is critical to facilitate early humanitarian action and to inform development processes
• Climate information used to inform preparedness planning and trigger scale up of targeted safety nets
• Effective EPR systems and services are central to food security and emergency response
Egypt: Building Resilient Food Security Systems to Benefit the Southern Egypt Region
Mauritania: Enhancing Resilience of Communities to the Adverse Effects of Climate change on Food Security
Sudan: Resilience building and Safe Access to Alternative Energy (SAFE)
Palestine, Yemen, others...
Climate adaptation - Concrete WFP examples from the region
Livelih
ood
s an
d fo
od n
eeds
met
Seasonal food shortages
Household Food
Availability
No shortages in a good year, but
little margin
Social protection and safety nets as a platform for risk management
Major drought/shock has immediate and
long term impacts on household livelihoods
DroughtHousehold
Food Availability
Livelih
ood
s an
d fo
od n
eeds
met
Social protection and safety nets as a platform for risk management
Household Food
Availability
Reducing quality or quantity of
mealsChildren drop out of school
Exacerbated land
degradation
Impoverishment & loss of assets and
capacity
Sale or loss of assets and negative coping
Livelih
ood
s an
d fo
od n
eeds
met
Social protection and safety nets as a platform for risk management
Integrated risk management and national safety nets can provide a platform to reduce risks and promote asset creation at the local level. This means protecting people from falling into destitution and supporting resilient livelihoods pathways.
Drought
Household Food
Availability
Livelih
ood
s an
d fo
od n
eeds
met
Social protection and safety nets as a platform for risk management
Lessons for the post-2015 Framework for DRR:
An integration agenda linking to disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation and resilience building as part of a coherent vision of sustainable and inclusive development
Linking DRR/M to social protection, safety nets and livelihood enhancement approaches with special attention to poor, vulnerable and food insecure groups
Link local and global – some risks are now globalized and increasingly interconnected
Affirming and sustaining the central role of national governments, local communities, regional actors and organizations, and partners, bridging short and long term humanitarian and development objectives
In conclusion
THANK YOU