Disaster Management - prime.edu.pk Management... · Seven Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) 1. Each Province is sub-divided in to districts; 2. District into Tehsils/ Towns,

Disaster Management

Dr. Durdana Khan

Asst. Professor

Department of Community Health Sciences

22nd November, 2016

Learning ObjectivesAfter the session students will be able to;

Define disaster.

Describe various types of disasters.

Define disaster management.

Enumerate the steps in planning disaster management.

Explain the management of the social reactions after disaster.

Define the concept of bioterrorism.

What is Disaster?

Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community area

(Book Park pg;36)

What is Disaster?

Sudden extraordinary calamity or catastrophe which affects or threatens health

(Book Ilyas Ansari pg;256)

Types of Disasters

Meteorological disasters

Topological disasters

Telluric and Tectonic disasters

Technical disasters

Industrial disasters

Warfare disasters

Natural Disaster

Man made Disaster

Meteorological disasters

Storms Hurricanes, Cyclones

Cold spells

Heat waves

Drought

Smog

Topological disasters

Floods

Avalanches

Landslides

Telluric and Tectonic disasters

Earthquakes

Volcanic eruptions

Bioterrorism

Deliberate use of infectious agents to cause harm

Anthrax Attack

Radio-nuclear attack

Accidents

Failure of structures like Dams

Tunnels

Buildings

Mine explosions

Fires

Collisions

Shipwrecks

Trains crashes

Poison entering water supply system

Atomic explosions

They are sudden and unforeseen

Serious and immediate threats to public health

Magnitude and effect of disaster

By Evaluating;

1. Loss of or damage of human life

2. Disruption of community services Gas, water supply, electricity, sewerage system,

communication, food supply, public health services

3. Spread of communicable diseases

4. Disruption of normal activities

5. Destruction and damage of private and public property

Classification of Disaster Related Morbidity

Injuries

Emotional stress

Epidemic of disease

Increase in indigenous diseases

Pre-disaster Administration

Know the age and sex distribution

First aid and emergency care services plan

Disaster Planning Activities

Pre-Disaster Planning Activities

For environment

Sanitation, improvement of physical and biological environment, waste disposal

For people

Pre disaster organization

Staffing, public education, training

During Disaster Planning Activities

For people

Medical Treatment, patient referral, transportation of victims to places outside the disaster area

POSDCORB Planning

Organization

Staffing

Directing

Coordination

Reporting

Budgeting

Planning Disaster Management

6 major Steps:

1. Regulations

2. Information of area and population

3. Personnel

4. Materials

5. Information of health services

6. Information on previous disaster

Organization

Lacking in developing countries

Primary duty --------- Highest Local Administration

Provision of Disaster Management expert along with head of civilian security organization

Organization Model for Disaster

Organization Model for Disaster

Fundamentals of Disaster Management

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Response

Disaster Recovery

Disaster Mitigation

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster preparedness - is ongoing multi sectoral activity.

Integral part of the national system responsible for developing plans and programs for

Disaster management

Prevention

Mitigation

Response

Rehabilitation and reconstruction

Medical Preparedness & Mass Casualty Management

Developing and capacity building of medical team for Trauma & psycho-social care

Mass casualty management and Triage

Determine casualty handling capacity of all hospitals.

Formulate appropriate treatment procedures

Involvement of private hospitals.

Mark care centers that can function as a medical units.

Identify structural integrity and approach routes.

Disaster ResponseImmediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster, open up the way to rehabilitation. By:

Mass evacuation

Search and rescue

Emergency medical services

Securing food and water

Maintenance of Law & Order

Medical and Public Health response

Pre-hospital emergency services

External medical services

Search and Rescue teams.

Assessment of immediate health needs.

Identification of medical & health resources.

Temporary field treatment

Prompt and proper treatment to save lives


Triage: French word meaning selection & classification

Assigning priority for treatment and transport on the basis of severity of injuries & likelihood of survival when resources are insufficient for all to be treated immediately.

Tagging- for both patients and dead Bodies

Medical transportation Ground, Air and Heli ambulance

Red High Priority

Yellow Medium priority

Black Dead or moribund Patients

Green Ambulatory Patients

TRIAGE TAG


Food safety and Water Safety

Animal control

Carcasses can foul water

Zoonotic diseases

Vector control

Mosquito and Rodents

Communicable disease control:

Measles, diarrheal diseases, ARI, and malaria

Breakdown in environmental safeguards.

Crowding of persons in camps, Malnutrition.

Waste management

Temporary latrines Chemical toileting Sewage disposal damage.


Management of hazardous agent exposure

Particular matter

Also Infectious agents if hospital or scientific laboratories damaged

Mental health

Specialized psychological triage and treatment significant in terrorism.

Information

Risk communication

Communicable Diseases after Disasters

Pre existing Diseases in the PopulationDysentery, cholera, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, intestinal parasites,

scabies, skin infections.

Ecological ChangesAltered ecology

Vector borne and water borne diseases

Stray animals and wild animal displacement- rabies.

Damage to public Utilities

Water supplies & sewage disposal disrupted.

Communicable Diseases after Disasters

Population Movements:

Introduction of new disease or vector.

In settlements - diarrheal diseases , measles, viral hepatitis, whooping cough, malaria etc.

Interruption in Public Health Services:

Disruption of curative and preventive services.

Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue

Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria.

Altered Individual Resistance to diseases:

Malnutrition increases susceptibility to diseases

Rehabilitation

Restoration of basic social functions.

Providing temporary shelters,

Stress debriefing for responders and victims,

Economic Rehabilitation,

Psycho-social Rehabilitation,

Scientific Damage Assessment

Environment recovery

Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines).

Reconstruction Rebuilding homes.

Permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructures

Elements - Owner Driven Reconstruction.

Speedy Reconstruction.

Linking Reconstruction with Safe Development.

Disaster Continuum Model

Pakistan and Disasters

RAPID Fund presentation for Effective Development Conference, Bangkok

Pakistan

Administrative Structure

Pakistan consists of

1. Four provinces (Balochistan,

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab &

Sindh),

2. One Federal Capital Territory

(Islamabad),

3. Two autonomous and disputed

territories (Gilgit Baltistan and

Azad Jammu & Kashmir)

4. Seven Federally Administered

Tribal Areas (FATA)

1. Each Province is sub-divided in

to districts;

2. District into Tehsils/ Towns,

3. Tehsil/ Town into Union

Councils

Pakistan has strategic location; sharing its border with China, Afghanistan,

Iran, and India

Geo-Physical Factors

1. Heterogeneous physical features; (Mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, coastal belt)

2. Seismic belt; tectonic movements, leading to earthquakes and tsunamis;

3. 8th out of 197 countries with highest exposure to natural hazards

Hydro-Climatic Factors

1. Climatic changes; Continuous dry conditions leading to prolonged droughts,

2. Unexpected heavy rains, and excessive snowfalls, floods, landslides, and avalanches

Politico-Religious Factors

1. Insecurity and political instability; Conflict induced displacement

2. Religious diversity and fundamentalism;

Country ContextDisasters in Pakistan

Major Factors

Socio-Economic Factors

1. Uneven population density; Unplanned development in hazard prone areas; Poor

construction practices, Poor communication infrastructure.

2. High poverty; high rate of illiteracy & lack of awareness regarding disaster preparedness

and DRR measures;

3. 146th out of 186 countries on 2013 HDI; 22% of population lives on less than US$1.25

per day

Institutional infancy

1. Disaster Management Structure established after 2005

2. Lack of Early warning systems; Lack of preparedness and Planning; Limited institutional

and organizational capacity for disaster management

Country ContextDisasters in Pakistan

Major Factors


Pakistan

Hazard-prone Areas

Northern Pakistan and

AJ&K are vulnerable to

earthquakes, avalanches,

landslides, floods, and

drought, etc. The arid, semi-arid

and plain areas are

exposed to floods,

flash floods, drought,

pest attacks, and river

erosion, etc.

The coastal areas of

Pakistan are exposed to

cyclones, storm surges,

and hydrological drought,

and floods as well.

FATA/ KP is exposed

to militancy / complex

emergency


2010 Floods country-wide

affected the whole of Pakistan;

killed around 2,000 people and

affected over 20 million

Flood 2011/12/13 affected

millions of people

2005 Quake (October 8,

2005, a 7.6 Richter scale)

73,000 people killed

1974 Hunza earthquake

(6.2 Richter scale) killed

& injured, 17,000; overall

affected 97,000

2000 drought affected 1.2

million people in

Balochistan; over 100 died,

mostly because of

dehydration

1945 Balochistan tsunami

killed 4,000 people.

1935 Quetta earthquake;

60,000 people were killed

2007 Cyclone Yemyin killed 730

people as a result of flash floods in

coastal areas of Sindh and

Balochistan. Some 350,000 people

displaced, 1.5 million affected

PakistanNatural Disasters

Some Examples

1950 floods An estimated

2,900 people were killed and

over 100,000 homes

destroyed


Flood 2010An aerial view


Flood 2010Human

Displacement


Flood 2010Children & Women

suffered


Flood 2013Balochistan


Flood 2013Rajanpure-Punjab


Earthquake

2005Balakot, KP

Pakistan is exposed to internal conflicts since

2001.

There is significant Displacement & Return in

KP/ FATA as a result of government

operations against non-state armed groups.

Since 2009, over two million people have

returned to their hometowns (Malakand Div,

Mohamand, Bajour, SWA, & parts of Khyber

Ag)

1.1 million people are still displaced in safer

areas of KP/ FATA

Influx/Returns of IDPs have resulted in

humanitarian crises which are beyond the

capacity of the government to manage on its

own.


Country Context

Disasters in Pakistan (Cont.)Complex Emergency

Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)

are special areas under the administrative

control of Federal Government; consisting of 7

Agencies


8,557

152,515

IDPs in-camps

IDPs off-camps

IDP Population reflects the total number of displaced families verified

by NADRA

Current IDPs Statistics

As of December 2013

Source UNHCR/FDMA

IDPs

Families

in-camps

IDPs

Families

off-camps

Total

IDPs

Families

8,557 152,515 161,072

Total Individuals

IDPs

(@ 7 persons per HH)

1.1

million

Country Context

Disasters in Pakistan (Cont.)Complex Emergency


Displacement from

Malakand Division

(Swat) 2008-9


Displacement from

Malakand Division (Swat)

2008-9


Houses burnt

Khyber Agency


Houses damaged

due to shelling

Khyber Agency


Girls School Blown

away by militants

Buner District, KP


Govt Building Blown

away by militants

Buner District, KP

Disaster Management Video Game

Stop Disasters

http://www.stopdisastersgame.org/en/home.html

http://www.stopdisastersgame.org/en/home.htmlhttp://www.stopdisastersgame.org/en/home.html

Further Resources

National Disaster Management Framework Pakistan

http://www.ndma.gov.pk/plans/National%20Disaster%20Risk%20Management%20Fram

ework-2007.pdf

http://www.ndma.gov.pk/plans/National Disaster Risk Management Framework-2007.pdf

Disaster Risk Reduction PolicyDRR Policy - National Disaster Management

Authority(NDMA)

http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/drrpolicy2013.pdf

https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwitn_itirTQAhWIAxoKHRQMBP4QFggfMAA&url=http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/drrpolicy2013.pdf&usg=AFQjCNEhH8wBEW7nDawhMnrrfLP-NFPLCw&sig2=ho4E_7CL7QyIseVQ_FbPcA&cad=rjthttp://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/drrpolicy2013.pdf

National Disaster Management Authority Pakistan(NDMA)

http://www.ndma.gov.pk/

http://www.ndma.gov.pk/

Thank you