DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S INTRODUCTION€¦ · Web viewProgramme 3.2.2: Investment Support Programme 94 Major Programme 3.3: Field Operations 95 Changes in Resources 95 Programme 3.3.1:

CL 120/3

April 2001

COUNCIL

Hundred and Twentieth Session

Rome, 18 – 23 June 2001

SUMMARY PROGRAMME OF WORK AND BUDGET 2002-03

Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 i

DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S INTRODUCTION

I have pleasure in submitting to the Council the Summary Programme of Work and Budget (SPWB) for the biennium 2002-2003, through the Programme and Finance Committees. This is an essential consultative step, leading to the preparation of full Programme of Work and Budget proposals for eventual decision by the Conference later this year.

By definition, a budget embodies a financial request to the members of an organization for the resources needed to be able to execute an agreed programme of work, which should meet their expectations and expressed requirements. Looking to the long-term in FAO’s case, the formulation of this Programme of Work and Budget has the great advantage of being based firstly on the Strategic Framework covering the period 2000-2015, as approved by the Conference in November 1999 and secondly on the Medium Term Plan (MTP) covering the six year period 2002-2007. The Council generally felt that the latter document provided an accurate presentation of the key priorities and the needed balance and concluded that the substantive content should be the starting point for the SPWB.

The area on which the Council could not reach agreement concerned the level of resources that should be envisaged for the forthcoming biennium, with views ranging from the decline in resources inherent in a “zero nominal growth” budget to support for real growth of 15 percent. The most pessimistic view of an appropriate level of resources can be contrasted with an overwhelming measure of immediate needs – in particular, the disturbingly slow progress observed in meeting the target of reduction in the number of undernourished people, as approved by the World Food Summit. This disappointing development led me to propose that the Members of this Organization renew their commitment at the highest political level, through the

World Food Summit: five years later discussions, to take place during the next session of the Conference.

In this context, more pressing demands can be expected from the membership in a broad range of areas including:

- food safety to deal with outbreaks of animal diseases and food contamination, and also phytosanitary and biotechnology issues;

- advisory services in trade-related policy which will loom particularly large in the light of important on-going or future negotiations;

- the installation of suitable national regulatory frameworks to allow all countries to avoid being excluded from the benefits of globalisation;

- the development and implementation of national Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information Mapping Systems (FIVIMS);

- the support to the ACC Network on Rural Development especially as the vehicle to reflect food security concerns in UN/World Bank country planning frameworks;

- increasing calls for advice on the policy implications of HIV/AIDS on agriculture and rural development; and

- demands for the extension of the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS).

Regrettably, there is also no end in sight in the relentless occurrence of emergencies in all regions of the world, requiring the timely and active involvement of FAO in assisting affected countries. While the Organization’s inputs in emergency situations - up to the critical rehabilitation phase - are mostly delivered with the help of generous extra-budgetary sources, they depend on key activities under the Regular Programme (e.g. GIEWS and FIVIMS).

ii Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003

These calls for assistance, in turn, place more demand on our FAO Representatives as governments turn to them as their primary entry point to FAO and on the Technical Cooperation Programme as the most immediate and responsive source of funding for much of this assistance.

More generally as regards the normative side of FAO’s work, the list of activities to which we are urged to allocate more resources grows each time a group of Members meets together. In the last few weeks both the Committees on Fisheries and Forestry have renewed their call for the allocation of a larger share of FAO’s total resources.

However, the call to accord high priority and, by implication, more resources covers a much broader range of the Organization's work as evidenced by the following selective list:

- work on the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources;

- the implementation of the International Plant Protection Convention;

- the interim Secretariat to the Rotterdam Convention on pesticides;

- work on biotechnology and biosafety;

- CODEX Alimentarius food standards;

- the strengthening of WAICENT and its underlying data on agriculture, fisheries and forestry;

- the implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the International Plans of Action endorsed by COFI;

- the enhancement of Forest Resource Assessment and additional outlook studies;

- support to the UN Forum on Forests and the Collaborative Partnership on Forests;

- growing attention to forest fires;

- and many others, including more vigorous progress in ensuring the more balanced use of FAO languages in all its work.

I emphasise again that this list is partial but provides a good sample of the range of matters on which Members seek increased activity and hence resources – while, in many cases, stating at the same time that there should be no overall increase in the level of resources made available to this Organization. How can an organization, which is faced with needs for modernization, decentralization and increasing demands arising out of the objectives of the World Food Summit, sustain budget cuts and zero nominal growth budgets for more than eight years without damaging consequences?

And Members, of course, tend to take for granted that FAO should have the most advanced and best performing administrative systems, although they have been most reluctant to provide incremental resources to fund the significant initial investment costs which are implied. Too often, this places the implementation of the required complex upgrades at the mercy of “shoestring” budgets, regrettably often leading to delays, frustrations and less than perfect results as planning ahead for required resources cannot be made under such circumstances.

In trying to accommodate all these requirements within the limitations of a fixed budget envelope, my colleagues in the Secretariat often feel that they are facing an impossible task. The Governing Bodies are, of course, aware of the hard facts of recent budget history in FAO. It may perhaps be annoying for some to see and hear the same figures oft restated. But the consequences are so pervasive within the Secretariat and have been with us for so long, that I would be remiss in my duties as Executive Head if I did not recall them.

The approved budget for the 1994-95 biennium was US$ 673.1 million. After the abrupt and particularly painful drop to the level of US$ 65O million adopted in 1995, the Conference has since maintained a somewhat arbitrary and certainly artificial lid on the resources to be made available; one which had no direct relationship with what the Members required and asked for.

Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 iii

All in all, as I reported in the Medium Term Plan, this amounts to a biennial reduction of US$ 95 million or 15 percent below what would have been provided for 2000-01 if there had simply been zero real growth during the period in question.

FAO has coped, in part, with this protracted situation of declining resources by implementing a comprehensive package of structural reforms and efficiency measures. The Organization can, I believe, demonstrate the depth and timeliness of these changes. It has emerged a leaner and more effective institution.

However, a legitimate question at this juncture is: for how long should this situation prevail? While calls for budgetary restraint to international organizations could perhaps be understood at times of burgeoning deficits in public finances, one hears more these days about deficits under control, and of staggeringly high surpluses in some of the richer countries. As circumstances change, is it far-fetched to expect that international organizations might benefit from adequate incremental resources to exercise their mandates more effectively?

In the Introduction to the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007, issued a few months ago, I expressed similar feelings. At a time when the annual rate in reduction of the number of undernourished in the world is woefully inadequate in the light of the already conservative target agreed at the World Food Summit; after a period of nearly eight years of lack of budget growth in nominal terms, let alone in real terms, I felt there could be no better case for, and in effect invited the membership to consider, a resumption of real growth in this Organization. A tentative net increase – at comparable costs and rate of exchange – of 9.6 percent over the present approved budget, was indicated in the MTP as highly desirable for the 2002-2003 biennium.

However, as recalled above, there was no agreement on this figure at the last Council. In fact, the lack of consensus led to suggestions from some Members that several scenarios be prepared, a costly

process in terms of staff time which does not, in my view, lead the membership any nearer to consensus. Instead, I have tried to find a middle path which will, I hope, attract a broad body of support that could eventually lead to real consensus.

The proposals which are provided in this document have been framed to preserve, to the maximum extent possible, the main substantive thrusts indicated for the next biennium in the MTP, while limiting the request for real growth in the Appropriation to 5.4 percent at constant exchange rate and cost levels.

It is noted that, at the current exchange rate, the two excluded factors (i.e. exchange rate and cost increases) net off to approximately zero. The impact of several hypothetical rates of exchange on the proposals, in terms of total budget level, is illustrated in the document.

The explanations for the eventual increases over the 2000-2001 budget provisions are also given in the document. The major highlights are: to allow for selective increases under high priority technical activities such as those I have already referred to; to raise the share of the TCP Appropriation as requested by the majority of Members; and to permit a more satisfactory coverage of countries with efficient management of field activities, which is critical in the overall distribution of responsibilities.

I hope that the Committees and the Council will consider these hard facts and figures, together with the merits of the individual proposals, and will reach what I see as being the only logical conclusion: if we are to meet your demands for services, then you, the Membership, must allocate more resources to this Organization.

Jacques DioufDirector-General

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S INTRODUCTION i

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

I. PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK 1

Introduction 1

Proposals by Budgetary Chapter 1Resource Distribution Tables 1Overview of Resource Changes in the Programme of Work 2Distribution of the Proposed Appropriation 4

Links to the Strategic Framework and the Medium Term Plan 5Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives 5Relationships with the Medium Term Plan 6

Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) 9Background 9Overview of Planned Achievements in 2002-2003 10

II. FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK 17Working Capital Fund 17Special Reserve Account 17General Fund 17Use of Arrears 18

III. BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK 20

Overview of Total Resources 20

Developments Under Extra-budgetary Resources 21

Efficiency Savings 22

Posts 24

Cost Increases 29Methodology 29Analysis of Cost Increases 30

Budget Level and Funding 32

IV. PROGRAMME BUDGET 34

Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL POLICY AND DIRECTION 35Changes in Resources 36

Major Programme 1.1: Governing Bodies 36

Major Programme 1.2: Policy, Direction and Planning 37

Major Programme 1.3: External Coordination and Liaison 38

Major Programme 1.9: Programme Management 38

CHAPTER 2: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRAMMES 39

Major Programme 2.1: Agricultural Production and Support Systems 39Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities 39Changes in Resources 40Intra-departmental Entities 41Programme 2.1.1: Natural Resources 43Programme 2.1.2: Crops 45Programme 2.1.3: Livestock 48Programme 2.1.4: Agricultural Support Systems 50Programme 2.1.5: Agricultural Applications of Isotopes and Biotechnology 52Programme 2.1.9: Programme Management 53

Major Programme 2.2: Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 53Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities 53Changes in Resources 54Programme 2.2.1: Nutrition 56Programme 2.2.2: Food and Agricultural Information 58Programme 2.2.3: Food and Agricultural Monitoring, Assessments and Outlooks 62Programme 2.2.4: Agriculture, Food Security and Trade Policy 64Programme 2.2.9: Programme Management 66

Major Programme 2.3: Fisheries 66Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities 66Changes in Resources 67Programme 2.3.1: Fisheries Information 68Programme 2.3.2: Fisheries Resources and Aquaculture 69Programme 2.3.3: Fisheries Exploitation and Utilisation 70Programme 2.3.4: Fisheries Policy 72Programme 2.3.9: Programme Management 73

Major Programme 2.4: Forestry 74Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities 74Changes in Resources 75Programme 2.4.1: Forest Resources 75Programme 2.4.2: Forest Products 77Programme 2.4.3: Forestry Policy and Planning 78Programme 2.4.4: Forest Programmes Coordination and Information 79Programme 2.4.9: Programme Management 80

Major Programme 2.5: Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts 80

Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities 81Changes in Resources 81Programme 2.5.1: Research, Natural Resources Management and Technology Transfer 82Programme 2.5.2: Gender and Population 84Programme 2.5.3: Rural Development 86Programme 2.5.6: Food Production in Support of Food Security in LIFDCs 87Programme 2.5.9: Programme Management 88

CHAPTER 3: COOPERATION AND PARTNERSHIPS 89Changes in Resources 89

Major Programme 3.1: Policy Assistance 90Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities 90Changes in Resources 90Programme 3.1.1: Coordination of Policy Assistance and Related Capacity Building 91Programme 3.1.2: Policy Assistance to Various Regions 92Programme 3.1.3: Legal Assistance to Member Nations 93

Major Programme 3.2: Support to Investment 93Changes in Resources 94Programme 3.2.1: FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme 94Programme 3.2.2: Investment Support Programme 94

Major Programme 3.3: Field Operations 95Changes in Resources 95Programme 3.3.1: Field Operations in Various Regions 96Programme 3.3.2: Central Support and Special Activities 96Programme 3.3.3: Emergency Response Operations 97

Major Programme 3.4: FAO Representatives 97Changes in Resources 98

Major Programme 3.5: Cooperation with External Partners 98Changes in Resources 100

Major Programme 3.9: Programme Management 100

CHAPTER 4: TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME 101Changes in Resources 102

CHAPTER 5: SUPPORT SERVICES 104

Major Programme 5.1: Information and Publications Support 104Changes in Resources 104Programme 5.1.1: Public Information and Publications Support 104Programme 5.1.9: Programme Management 105

Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003

Major Programme 5.2: Administration 105Changes in Resources 105Programme 5.2.1: Financial Services 106Programme 5.2.2: Information Systems and Technology Services 106Programme 5.2.3: Human Resources Services 106Programme 5.2.9: Programme Management 107

CHAPTER 6: COMMON SERVICES 108Changes in Resources 108

CHAPTER 7: CONTINGENCIES 110

LIST OF ACRONYMS 111

Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003 1

I. PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK

Introduction

1. The present Summary Programme of Work and Budget (SPWB) proposals have been developed following the usual process of detailed submissions by all Headquarters departments and offices, as well as Regional and Sub-regional Offices in response to senior management’s guidance. These submissions were reviewed, and the important features were discussed at policy-level during a series of “budget hearings”. Particular attention was paid to consultations with offices outside Headquarters through regional videoconferences, in addition to the day-to-day contacts between outposted teams and their counterpart departments and divisions.

2. As stressed in the Director-General’s Introduction, the analytical process was facilitated this time by the thorough assessment of long-term trends which culminated in the adoption of the Strategic Framework 2000-2015 by the last session of the FAO Conference. This was followed by the development of the Medium Term Plan (MTP) which translates the Strategic Framework into a six-year programme which is specifically defined in terms of programme entities. These entities have a rationale, objectives, major outputs and indicators as well as an indication of the timeframe and of overall resources required. The Council had considered the latter document and had invited the Secretariat to prepare the SPWB taking as a starting point, the substantive content of the MTP. Thus, the major substantive thrusts and priorities largely determined by these two exercises, the formulation of proposals for the next biennium became more a matter of fine-tuning of planned outputs and staffing requirements – as was in fact intended in the revised programme budget process endorsed by the Conference. The links of the present Summary Programme of Work and Budget proposals to the Strategic Framework and Medium Term Plan are illustrated below.

Proposals by Budgetary Chapter

Resource Distribution Tables

3. The following tables describe the distribution of resources – firstly, at the level of the Programme of Work (i.e. the gross budget including resources from other income) prior to the addition of anticipated cost increases; and secondly, at the level of the Appropriation at the same exchange rate adopted for the Programme of Work and Budget (PWB) 2000-2001. Calculation of cost increases is covered under section III: Budgetary Framework.

2 Summary Programme of Work and Budget 2002-2003

Proposed Overall Resources Allocation for the Programme of Work

Major 2000-01 2002-03Programme Description Programme Programme Change Programmeand Chapter of Work of Work

US$ 000 US$ 000 % US$ 000

11 Governing Bodies 17,671 465 2.6% 18,136

12 Policy, Direction and Planning 22,479 1,657 7.4% 24,136

13 External Coordination and Liaison 13,140 (348) -2.6% 12,792

19 Programme Management 789 24 3.0% 813

Chapter 1 General Policy and Direction 54,079 1,798 3.3% 55,877

21 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 89,372 5,587 6.3% 94,959

22 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 87,047 4,365 5.0% 91,412

23 Fisheries 39,231 2,276 5.8% 41,507

24 Forestry 30,439 1,831 6.0% 32,270

25 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts 52,575 2,209 4.2% 54,784

Chapter 2 Technical and Economic Programmes 298,664 16,268 5.4% 314,932

31 Policy Assistance 27,042 1,231 4.6% 28,273

32 Support to Investment 46,546 (815) -1.8% 45,731

33 Field Operations 23,879 (2,900) -12.1% 20,979

34 FAO Representatives 72,403 5,250 7.3% 77,653

35 Cooperation with External Partners 8,786 792 9.0% 9,578

39 Programme Management 882 1,146 129.9% 2,028

Chapter 3 Cooperation and Partnerships 179,538 4,704 2.6% 184,242

41 Technical Cooperation Programme 89,118 9,788 11.0% 98,906

42 TCP Unit 2,337 476 20.4% 2,813

Chapter 4 Technical Cooperation Programme 91,455 10,264 11.2% 101,719

51 Information and Publications Support 16,560 680 4.1% 17,240

52 Administration 48,767 776 1.6% 49,543

Chapter 5 Support Services 65,327 1,456 2.2% 66,783

60 Common Services 44,790 899 2.0% 45,689

Chapter 6 Common Services 44,790 899 2.0% 45,689

70 Contingencies 600 0 0.0% 600

Chapter 7 Contingencies 600 0 0.0% 600

TOTAL 734,453 35,389 4.8% 769,842

Overview of Resource Changes in the Programme of Work

4. In line with the decisions of the Joint Meeting of the Programme and Finance Committees to integrate "other" income into the PWB (adopted since the PWB 1998-99), tables throughout the document, especially in section IV: Programme Budget, deal with the Programme of Work. Therefore, the following summary covers the main programme changes at the level of the overall Programme of Work (prior to the addition of anticipated cost increases). More detailed explanations on programme changes are provided throughout section IV.


Chapter 1 - General Policy and Direction

5. The major change under Major Programme 1.2, Policy, Direction and Planning, is attributable to the cost of rebuilding the Organization’s Computerized Programme Planning and Budgeting System (PLANSYS). Amongst several offsetting changes, there is deliberate action to strengthen conference operations and to re-engineer language services to benefit from advanced technology, coupled with some limited required increases for the Offices of Director-General and of the Inspector-General.

Chapter 2 - Technical and Economic Programmes

6. In line with the substantive thrusts and priorities outlined in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 (and summarised at the beginning of each major programme narrative in section IV of this document), this chapter would benefit from a significant boost of resources, albeit at a lower level than that indicated for the biennium 2002-2003 in the MTP. Particular attention has been paid, at the major programme level, to the priorities of Member Nations with regard to the programmes on Fisheries and Forestry which show increases of 5.8% and 6.0% respectively. While Major Programme 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, shows an increase of 6.3%, this includes the effect of decisions taken at the last FAO Conference concerning the Rotterdam Convention and the Near East Desert Locust Commission (see details under programme entities 212P2 and 212A4 respectively) as well as the fact that this programme plays host to the amount of US$ 1.0 million set aside as central support to Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) under 210S5. If these exceptional entries are discounted, the underlying increase to Major Programme 2.1 is closer to 4.5%. At the same time, attention was paid to more balanced use of FAO languages in planned substantive outputs.

Chapter 3 - Cooperation and Partnerships

7. There are quite complex movements within this chapter, including net reduction in field operations services, especially in the Regional Offices, as well as some further savings from the restructuring of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC), while additional resources are provided:

a) to strengthen the FAORs;b) for policy assistance; andc) to develop the Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS).

Chapter 4 - Technical Cooperation Programme

8. The increase aims to maintain the share of this chapter at 14.9% of the Appropriation, i.e. at the same proportional level as indicated in the MTP for the 2002-2003 biennium.

Chapter 5 - Support Services

9. The main change under Major Programme 5.1, Information and Publications Support, is attributable to the reinforcement of public information activities in the Liaison Office in Washington and at Headquarters, in accord with the strategy for communicating FAO’s messages. The increase under Major Programme 5.2, Administration, reflects additional resources for the restructured Finance Division (AFF) and further funding to meet development costs of FAO’s administrative and financial systems. This is partially offset by staff reductions in the newly-established Management Support Service (MSS) and in the Personnel Division (AFP), and a transfer of the Administrative Services Division (AFS) direction’s cost and Regional Offices’ Management Support Unit (MSU) costs to other chapters.

Chapter 6 - Common Services

10. Changes are principally on account of transfers from Chapter 5.


Distribution of the Proposed Appropriation

11. The following table examines the net impact on the Appropriation before cost increases, which is arrived at by deducting “Other Income” from the Programme of Work. While the movements under “Programme Change” are substantively the same in programme terms, the influence of changes in “Other Income” becomes apparent. The main variances between this and the previous table are explained below.

Proposed Allocation for the Appropriation (Excluding Cost Increases)

Major Description 2000-01 Programme 2002-03Programme Appropriation Change Appropriationand Chapter

11 Governing Bodies 17,671 465 18,136

12 Policy, Direction and Planning 19,728 1,840 21,568

13 External Coordination and Liaison 12,703 (348) 12,355

19 Programme Management 789 24 813

Chapter 1 General Policy and Direction 50,891 1,981 52,872

21 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 88,093 5,596 93,689

22 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 85,560 4,353 89,913

23 Fisheries 38,556 2,334 40,890

24 Forestry 29,699 2,126 31,825

25 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts 47,261 3,126 50,387

Chapter 2 Technical and Economic Programmes 289,169 17,535 306,704

31 Policy Assistance 26,201 1,356 27,557

32 Support to Investment 18,839 (815) 18,024

33 Field Operations 4,955 (2,312) 2,643

34 FAO Representatives 63,666 1,530 65,196

35 Cooperation with External Partners 6,328 835 7,163

39 Programme Management 655 1,189 1,844

Chapter 3 Cooperation and Partnerships 120,644 1,783 122,427

41 Technical Cooperation Programme 89,118 9,788 98,906

42 TCP Unit 2,337 476 2,813

Chapter 4 Technical Cooperation Programme 91,455 10,264 101,719

51 Information and Publications Support 16,560 680 17,240

52 Administration 40,759 1,376 42,135

Chapter 5 Support Services 57,319 2,056 59,375

60 Common Services 39,922 1,454 41,376

Chapter 6 Common Services 39,922 1,454 41,376

70 Contingencies 600 0 600

Chapter 7 Contingencies 600 0 600

TOTAL 650,000 35,073 685,073

12. Reductions in income have occurred as follows:

a) Major Programme 2.4, Forestry, anticipates a reduction in budgeted income from the reimbursement of technical support services to the field programme;


b) Major Programme 2.5, Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts, foresees the decline of support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in relation to FAO’s work on population programmes;

c) Major Programme 3.3, Field Operations, shows a decline in administrative and operational support services (AOS) income which reflects some reduction in forecast non-emergency field programme delivery;

d) Major Programme 3.4, FAO Representatives, reflects an increase in AOS income which relates to the transfer of operational responsibilities to the country level [however, see note on AOS income distribution under section III: Budgetary Framework – this will need further consideration in the full Programme of Work and Budget (PWB)]; and

e) Major Programme 5.2, Administration, anticipates the decline in the reimbursement of services which were previously provided to World Food Programme (WFP) by the Finance Division (AFF).

Links to the Strategic Framework and the Medium Term Plan

Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives

13. The Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 included information on the distribution of resources for substantive programmes (i.e. those under Chapter 2, Technical and Economic Programmes, and Major Programme 3.1, Policy Assistance) across the 12 objectives of the Strategic Framework (labelled A1 to E3 and listed on the back cover of this document).

14. The following table supplements the information provided in the MTP (adjusted to the first biennium 2002-2003 for comparative purposes) with similar breakdowns for the present Summary Programme of Work and Budget proposals.


Substantive Programmes – Distribution of Resources by Strategic Objectives

Major Programme A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

Medium Term Plan 2002-2007

2.1 Agricultural Production and Support Systems

2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development

2.3 Fisheries

2.4 Forestry

2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts

3.1 Policy Assistance

Summary Programme of Work and Budget Proposals



2.3 Fisheries

2.4 Forestry


3.1 Policy Assistance

Legend

Greater than zero, less than US$ 2 million

US$ 2 million to 4 million

US$ 4 million to 8 million

More than US$ 8 million

15. The resource breakdowns across strategic objectives are - not unexpectedly – broadly similar, although minor differences can be explained by the fact that lower resource levels characterise SPWB proposals compared to the tentative resource distribution pattern in the MTP.

Relationships with the Medium Term Plan

16. The articulation of the SPWB proposals under substantive programmes in terms of constituent entities is virtually identical to that indicated in the MTP, with rare exceptions to take account of developments since the latter document was formulated.

17. The principles of the programme model which underlay the Medium Term Plan are briefly recalled below. In short, the “building blocks” of FAO’s substantive work should fall under three categories:

a) Technical projects (numbered 2XXA1 to 2XXO9 – under Chapter 2), which have the following general characteristics: a duration of up to six years; precise time-bound objectives defined in terms of the use which target users will make of outputs; definition of the major outputs; demonstrable effectiveness criteria and indicators; specification of target users and of linkages with partners – both internal and external – that will be necessary to achieve these objectives;

b) Continuing programme activities (numbered 2XXP1 to 2XXR9), which vary from technical projects primarily because they are activities of an ongoing nature that are not amenable to


time bound objectives (e.g. collection of statistical time series), while the same approach concerning effectiveness criteria, user focus and linkages applies; and

c) Technical service agreements (numbered 2XXS1 to 2XXZ9), the third type of entity which is designed to cover demand-oriented services, such as advisory services to Members or technical support services to projects and can include servicing of regular meetings.

18. As several important aspects in the design of the above entities, such as rationale, indicators and partnerships, were specified in the Medium Term Plan and associated database available on FAO’s website, for the sake of brevity, the narratives in section IV for individual entities are limited to statements of objective(s) and summaries of outputs planned for the next biennium. While the objectives are in most cases “lifted” from the MTP, it may be noted that some rephrasing by the concerned units, has taken place to make them more concrete or understandable by non-specialist audiences, while obviously not altering the original meaning. Account was also taken of eventual observations made during the review of the MTP by the Programme and Finance Committees and by the Council; further adjustments are possible following review of their respective sections by the Technical Committees of the Council, and will be reflected in the full PWB. It is also worth recalling that more detailed and precise lists of biennial outputs will be developed in connection with the full PWB.

19. It is noted that when the MTP was prepared, there were some instances where programme entity numbers had been changed from the PWB 2000-01, generally because a programme entity in the form of technical project or technical service agreement was converted to a continuing programme activity or vice versa. As a result, some programme entities have been re-numbered in the base for PWB 2002-03, as follows:

Table of Renumbered Programme EntitiesPWB 2000-01 PWB 2002-03

Entity Number

Title Entity Number

Title

221A1 Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius)

221P2 Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius)

221P1 Food and Nutrition Assessment 221A1 Human Nutrition Requirements221P2 Nutrition Policy at Country Level 221A2 Nutrition Improvement for Sustainable

Development221P3 Nutrition Programmes 221A4 Strengthening Community Action to Improve

Household Food Security and Reduce Malnutrition

222P7 Virtual Library Support and Information Management

222P9 Virtual Library Information Services

244P2 Support to Initiatives in the Follow-up to UNCED

244A1 Follow up to UNCED and International Forestry Processes

251P2 Cross-sectoral Mechanisms for Implementation of Agenda 21, International Environmental Conventions, Agreements and Obligations

251A6 Support to Environmental Agreements and Promotion of Integrated Environmental Planning and Management

256A1 SPFS Formulation 256P2 SPFS Formulation256A2 SPFS Implementation 256P3 SPFS Implementation311S1 Direct Support to Agricultural Policy Work

in the Regions311P4 Coordination of Country Focus

311S3 Support to Building In-house Capacity in Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis

311A1 Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning

312S2 Support and Training in Sector/Sub-sector and Specific Agricultural Policies

312P3 Advice, Support and Training in Agricultural Policies

31900 Programme Management 319S2 Divisional Direction


20. For information purposes, the indicative resource levels for the 2002-2003 biennium included in the Medium Term Plan for FAO’s substantive programmes are provided in the following table, together with those in the present SPWB proposals.

Resources Programmed for Substantive Work for 2002-2003 (All amounts in US$ 000)

Major ProgrammeMTP SPWB

Amount % Amount %2.1 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 96,887 27.3 94,959 27.7

2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 94,013 26.5 91,412 26.6

2.3 Fisheries 43,055 12.2 41,507 12.1

2.4 Forestry 33,471 9.4 32,270 9.4

2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts 58,109 16.4 54,784 16.0

3.1 Policy Assistance 28,729 8.1 28,273 8.2

Total 354,264 100.0 343,205 100.0

21. While it was not possible to include the full amounts indicated in the MTP in order to limit the overall increase of resources under the Regular Budget Appropriation, it may be noted that the respective shares of individual major programmes to the total have remained broadly consistent.

Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs)

Background

22. The Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 gave due emphasis to needed cooperation across departments, in order to respond to the call in the FAO Strategic Framework 2000-2015 for enhanced multi-disciplinary approaches. Sixteen Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs) over the medium-term were singled out, and are recalled below under the corporate strategies on which they are largely focused, bearing in mind that several also contribute to other strategies.

A - Contributing to the eradication of food insecurity and rural povertya) Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural

Livelihoods (LHOO)b) Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief and

Rehabilitation (REHA)

B - Promoting, developing and reinforcing policy and regulatory frameworks for food, agriculture, fisheries and forestry

a) Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production (BIOS)b) WTO Multi-lateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

(AWTO)c) Climate Change Issues in Agriculture (CLIM)

C - Creating sustainable increases in the supply and availability of food and other products from the crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry sectors

a) Organic Agriculture (ORGA)b) Food for the Cities (FCIT)c) Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS) (PROD)d) Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (BTEC)


D - Supporting the conservation, improvement and sustainable use of natural resources for food and agriculture

a) Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture (BIOD)b) Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management (ECOM)

E - Improving decision-making through the provision of information and assessments and fostering of knowledge management for food and agriculture

a) Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of Information (QINF)b) Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools (SPAT)c) Global Perspective Studies (GLOP)

23. The other two PAIAs are more of a thematic nature, covering Gender Mainstreaming, and Ethics in Food and Agriculture (ETHI). As Gender Mainstreaming will translate into a detailed Plan of Action on Gender and Development 2002-2007, to be submitted to the FAO Conference (at its request) at the November 2001 session, after preliminary review by the Programme Committee, this PAIA is not addressed below.

24. The substance under each PAIA was fully articulated in the Medium Term Plan, with description of the rationale and scope for enhanced inter-disciplinary work, the appropriate supervisory mechanism and the relevant programme entities or component activities. The following succinct narratives do not purport to repeat this extensive descriptive material, but aim at highlighting main expected achievements in the 2002-2003 biennium.

25. All concerned units have sought to identify the resources earmarked for the implementation of the above PAIAs under technical programmes in the 2002-2003 biennium. The resulting picture is given in the following table.


Distribution of Resources Allocated to PAIAs under Substantive Programmes (2002-2003)

Major Programme

AWTO

BIO

D

BIO

S

BT

EC

CL

IM

EC

OM

ET

HI

FCIT

GL

OP

LH

OO

OR

GA

PRO

D

QIN

F

RE

HA

SPA

T



2.3 Fisheries

2.4 Forestry


3.1 Policy Assistance Legend:

Greater than zero, less than

US$ 250 000US$ 250 000 to

1 millionUS$ 1 million to

3 millionMore than US$

3 million

AWTO WTO Multi-lateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

BIOD Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture

BIOS Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production

BTEC Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

CLIM Climate Change Issues in Agriculture

ECOM Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management

ETHI Ethics in Food and Agriculture

FCIT Food for the Cities

GLOP Global Perspective Studies

LHOO Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

ORGA Organic Agriculture

PROD Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS)

QINF Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of Information

REHA Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation

SPAT Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools

26. It may be noted that provision has been made at central level (entity 210S5) for limited catalytic resources to be made available to the respective coordination mechanisms and Chairpersons depending on requirements, and on which some of the following planned achievements may depend. Some may also be subject to the availability of extra-budgetary support.

Overview of Planned Achievements in 2002-2003

27. Local Institution Building to Improve Capacity for Achieving Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

28. During the biennium, the pertinent coordination mechanism will ensure that a sequential set of activities is carried out by all concerned technical units, so as to assist Member Nations in building local capacities related to sustainable rural livelihoods. National Thematic Groups affiliated to the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Network on Rural Development and Food Security will also be instrumental in this regard. Expected achievements will include:


a) Normative materials translating lessons learnt into practical guidelines on important areas such as: alternative crops and cultivars; household livestock production; provision of commercial, marketing, and mechanisation services; agribusiness development; small-scale integrated rural aquaculture; appropriate utilisation of forest resources and products; enhanced role of youth workers; improved extension, education and communication services; government assisted agrarian reform; land regularisation and common property resources policies and instruments; decentralisation of rural institutions;

b) Harmonisation of technical documentation on a rich variety of subjects of direct relevance to rural livelihoods; and

c) Information dissemination activities through the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) tools and knowledge databases, including the virtual library and library information services.

29. Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness and Post-Emergency Relief and Rehabilitation

30. The Emergency Coordination Group (ECG) will aim at consolidating inter-disciplinary responses to emergencies. The major achievements of a cross-sectoral nature regarding emergency preparedness and coherent reaction to demands for humanitarian assistance are foreseen to include:

a) Technical guidelines for use by Headquarters and field officers, and in countries, on: assessment and practical interventions to mitigate the impact of natural disasters on affected populations; and food and agriculture recovery measures and promotion of food security following emergencies;

b) Increased participation of technical officers in the formulation of disaster preparedness programmes at country level and in multi-disciplinary missions mounted by the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR), as well as in project backstopping;

c) Joint training programmes for technical officers in the Regional and Sub-regional Offices to enable them to fully participate in impact and needs assessment missions; and

d) Joint tools such as: a database on the typology of disasters affecting the food and agriculture sector and expanded monitoring and information systems on agriculture recovery, food security and nutrition.

31. Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production

32. Expected achievements include:

a) Consultation on Biosecurity in Food and Agriculture (including Fisheries and Forestry) subject to extra-budgetary support;

b) Development of an international biosecurity information exchange mechanism;c) FAO website on biosecurity with links to other relevant sites within and outside FAO;d) Manuals and guidelines for the application of risk analysis principles;e) Brochure on FAO activities in biosecurity; andf) Coordinated support to technical assistance.

33. WTO Multi-lateral Trade Negotiations on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

34. This PAIA is expected to improve the capacity of technical divisions to assist Members, particularly developing and transition countries, in participating effectively in multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) on agriculture, as well as in global trade in food, agricultural, fishery and forestry products.

35. It is focused, therefore, on capacity-building for trade, and involves normative and operational field activities. The main planned achievements of a cross-sectoral nature include:


a) Supportive information and databases;b) Analysis of options and opportunities across sectors, coupled with policy dialogue and

expert consultations; andc) Supply-side capacity-building.

36. Climate Change Issues in Agriculture

37. By the end of 2003, FAO is expected to have expanded its expertise in this complex area and to play a substantial role in the international climate scene. Although it is unknown when and in which form the Kyoto Protocol will be ratified, the areas where FAO will be most active are:

a) Carbon sequestration in biomass and soils, including assistance to countries in the implementation of projects and new techniques (such as conservation agriculture);

b) Interactions of forestry and climate change;c) Substitution of fossil fuels through bioenergy;d) Support to national policies to implement the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (FCCC) in the agricultural sector, including reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides;

e) Collection of agricultural and forestry data relevant for the FCCC process; andf) Ensuring that concerns of the agricultural community are given due consideration in

decisions, through close partnerships with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the FCCC, as well as high-level participation in Conferences of Parties.

38. Organic Agriculture


a) Ensuring convergence of all disciplinary inputs for effective policy advisory services to countries and development of technical decision-support tools for productive and efficient organic farming systems;

b) Studies, technical assistance and policy advice relating to production and trade of certified organic agriculture products;

c) Information dissemination systems and networking arrangements for production, conservation, processing, labelling and marketing of organic produce;

d) Workshops and studies that integrate agronomic, environmental, economic and social criteria and indicators for assessing the contribution of organic agriculture to food security, income and employment generation and sustainability; and

e) Publications on key issues of importance to organic agriculture and further development of information services on organic agriculture within the corporate FAO website.

40. Food for the Cities


a) Sensitisation and training on strategy, policy and programme formulation aimed at city and local authorities facing the problems and requirements of supplying food to rapidly expanding populations (addressing a wide range of issues such as urban and peri-urban agriculture, assembling, handling, processing, transport, credit, information, marketing and distribution, as well as food security, nutrition and environmental aspects);

b) Technical guidelines to foster environmentally-sustainable urban and peri-urban agricultural systems; and

c) Study and development of sustainable irrigation practices in peri-urban areas, including safe use of waste water, as well as improved food safety regimes for food and animal products.


42. Integrated Production Systems (SARD/SPFS)


a) Technical document and advocacy paper on sustainable intensification of production systems for the Rio+10 Conference (post-United Nations Conference on Environment and Development – UNCED);

b) Comprehensive knowledge base on integrated production systems available through the FAO website and on CD-ROM, including success stories to support the previous Rio+10 activity;

c) Technical report on conservation agriculture methods and practices, coupled with an awareness document for decision-makers on its potential benefits and the necessary policy measures required in the transition from conventional agriculture to conservation agriculture;

d) Formulation of a project proposal for the introduction of conservation agriculture techniques in an appropriate agro-ecological zone;

e) Expert consultation on aquaculture in farming systems for West Africa;f) Improved knowledge base and technologies for intensive forage production,

conservation and utilisation;g) Policy and technical guidelines on livestock and the environment, including area-wide

integration;h) Comparative study on intensification patterns, dynamics and efficiency, in selected

major farming systems, with reference to farm resource management, household food security, profitability, sustainability and replicability;

i) Field guide to support the economic evaluation of promising production intensification techniques;

j) Dissemination of information on the economics of intensified production systems;k) Publications on management tools for agribusiness; andl) Subject to availability of sufficient resources, regional pilot projects with initial case

studies and reports. N.B. currently defined pilot projects concern integrated crop management practices for sustainable intensification of rice-wheat systems in Asia; oncho-freed ecosystems in West Africa; integrated production systems in arid and semi-arid areas of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and Southern African Development Community (SADC); arid and semi-arid areas of the Near East; and watershed management and participatory natural resource management in Latin America and Caribbean.

44. Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

45. This PAIA links up to a vast number of sectoral outputs, involving the pertinent technical divisions, the Legal Office and the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT). However, the major achievement of a cross-sectoral nature are foreseen to include:

a) An enhanced website on biotechnology, with inter alia a discussion forum on cross-sectoral issues and dissemination of information on assessments of developments in biotechnology and their impact;

b) Coordinated policy advice and guidelines to Members on agricultural biotechnology applications; and

c) Establishment of a comprehensive database on biotechnology.

46. These activities should in particular facilitate the Secretariat’s active engagement in the debates on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) through science-based contributions, enable FAO to keep abreast of current scientific developments, and develop an inventory of new plant varieties, animal breeds, products and techniques derived through modern biotechnology.


47. Integrated Management of Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture

48. Through this PAIA, FAO will bring to bear its multi-disciplinary expertise to the implementation of several international agreements of relevance to food and agriculture, particularly the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in the area of biological diversity for food and agriculture at ecosystem level in complement to, and integrating, genetic resources. This PAIA will more specifically contribute to the establishment of an international coordinated position on biological diversity for food and agriculture. Major achievements are expected to include:

a) Promotion of ecosystem approaches for sustainable management of production systems, i.e. by examining the inter-relationship between socio-economic and biophysical factors and biological diversity to resolve inter-sectorial problems, also through case studies and development of practical tools and methodologies;

b) Implementation of joint programmes with a range of partner organizations to promote the sustainable use and the conservation of biological diversity in ecosystems, also assisting countries in meeting their obligations under international instruments, strategies and agreements; and

c) Improved awareness of the importance and value of biological diversity for food and agriculture, among all stakeholders including policy-makers, consumers and the public, through inter alia specific awareness documents, tailored materials for different fora (i.e. video, articles, etc., participation in regional and international fora and events and support to networks).

49. Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management

50. Bearing in mind the requirements for development of drylands and mountains, but also of other ecosystems, joint work is expected to focus on:

a) Better understanding of the concept of ecosystem management (through review of existing practices, identification of success stories and lessons learnt, etc.);

b) Distillation of guidance on best practices, particularly those with direct impact on food security; and

c) Strengthening of in-house capacity to provide consistent advisory services and training to Members, in cooperation with partner institutions active on integrated ecosystem management aspects.

51. Definitions, Norms, Methodologies and Quality of Information


a) Updated procedures to document and ensure the quality of statistical data regarding agricultural production, trade, food balance sheets (FBS), inputs, forestry and fisheries products, farm data and land and water indicators;

b) Further standardisation of terms, definitions and categorisation schemes regarding land use, plant production and protection, livestock, forestry and fisheries information as well as human nutrition aspects, establishing appropriate linkages among them;

c) Contribution to uniform standards and methodologies in the preparation of FAO’s global assessment reports, especially regarding the status of animal genetic resources and the state of forest resources; and

d) Standards and norms regarding country-specific information to facilitate data dissemination and integration on a country basis, and standard data models to describe information resources such as experts, institutions, species and maps to assist in data exchange within and outside the Organization.


53. Spatial Information Management and Decision Support Tools


a) Further development of spatial data standards and norms, under the leadership of the Geographical Information System (GIS) central unit in the Research, Extension and Training Division (SDR), with links to the previous PAIA, leading to a manual and a set of guidelines related to GIS use;

b) Effective “spatial networking” across units, also under the leadership of SDR, including “GeoNetworking” for FAO’s Intranet and Internet accessibility of spatial data and information, including vector data (maps), raster data (remote sensing images), meta-databases and geo-referenced non-spatial information, and maintenance of related website;

c) Development of a meta-database and a corporate gateway on spatial products, under the joint leadership of SDR and GI/WAICENT; and

d) Integration of various thematic maps and filling of spatial data gaps.

55. Global Perspective Studies

56. Joint work under this PAIA is to improve coherence in analytical methods and databases used in global perspective studies. Expected achievements include:

a) Completion of a full technical report on “Agriculture Towards 2015/30”, and preparation and publication of a companion, shorter and more popular document under the same title;

b) Regional perspective studies for the livestock sector for Latin America, Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa;

c) Regional perspective studies for the forestry sector for Africa (2002), Latin America and the Caribbean (2003), and one for Europe in the following biennium;

d) Perspectives for fish consumption, supply and trade by major geographical region, including supplies from both aquaculture and capture fisheries;

e) New and improved estimates of the prevalence of undernourishment;f) A new analytical framework for undertaking food and agriculture projections and

scenario analysis for the crop and livestock sectors;g) Improvements in the land and water (irrigation) databases;h) A study on the efficiency of water and fertiliser use; andi) Implementation of a Country Profiles System to provide access to FAO country

information in support of regional studies.

57. Ethics in Food and Agriculture

58. Besides sectoral outputs, such as meetings, publications and other activities that are directly related to ethical issues, expected achievements as the result of joint efforts include:

a) Two publications in an FAO Ethics Series;b) One meeting of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and Agriculture; andc) Close relations with other intergovernmental and UN bodies, in particular the United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on matters of common interest.


II. FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK

59. The financial context against which the 2002-03 Programme of Work and Budget is being developed, is summarised below.

General and Related Funds Equity Position at 31 December 1999 US$ million

Working Capital Fund 23.8Special Reserve Account 23.1General Fund Balance/Accumulated Deficit -63.6Total Reserves and Fund Balances at 31 December 1999 -16.7

Working Capital Fund

60. The purpose of the Working Capital Fund (WCF), which is specified in Financial Regulation 6.2, is primarily to advance monies on a reimbursable basis to the General Fund in order to finance budgetary expenditures pending receipt of contributions to the budget, and to finance emergency expenditures not contemplated in the current budget.

61. In accordance with Conference Resolution 15/91, the authorised level of the WCF is US$ 25 million, receipts from Member Nations to the WCF in 1998-99 have been negligible, and contributions receivable from Member Nations remain at US$ 1.6 million. During 1998-99, all amounts previously advanced by the WCF to the General Fund were repaid, and the WCF was not utilised for any of the other purposes for which it was established.

Special Reserve Account

62. In accordance with Conference Resolution 13/81, the purpose of the Special Reserve Account (SRA) is to protect the Organization’s Programme of Work against the effects of unbudgeted extra costs arising from adverse currency fluctuations and unbudgeted inflationary trends. Net gains or losses on exchange as well as the currency variance on staff standard costs (i.e. the difference between the US dollar value of staff costs expressed at the budget rate for the biennium and the UN operational rate at the time of payment) are charged to the SRA. The SRA can also advance monies on a reimbursable basis to the WCF.

63. The SRA is authorised at a level of 5% of the effective working budget, or US$ 32.5 million and the contributions receivable at 31 December 1999 stood at US$ 10.9 million. During 1998-99, all amounts previously advanced by the SRA to the General Fund (US$ 32 million) were repaid, and US$ 1.9 million, representing a portion of unbudgeted inflationary cost of a retroactive 4% increase in Headquarters general service salaries, was charged to the SRA. The balance on the SRA was US$ 23.1 million at 31 December 1999.

General Fund

64. Receipts from current assessments on Member Nations, miscellaneous income, support cost reimbursements, income from jointly funded investment activities and technical support services comprise the source of funding for the Programme of Work and are credited to the General Fund. The related expenditures to execute the Programme of Work are charged to the General Fund.


65. In arriving at the General Fund balance at the end of the financial period, account is also taken of receipts against past assessments on Member Nations, and any indebtedness of the General Fund to the WCF and the SRA. Also taken into account are charges or credits outside the Programme of Work that are authorised by the Governing Bodies, such as the impact, under Conference Resolution 7/97, of redeployment and separation costs amounting to US$ 10.6 million. Other charges outside the Programme of Work include the amortisation of after service medical liabilities, and movements arising from the actuarial revaluation of staff related schemes, which are now charged on an accruals basis.

66. The Audited Accounts for 1998-99 show a deficit under the General and Related Funds of US$ 63.6 million. This is an improved situation compared with the record deficit of US$ 113.6 million as at 31 December 1995. However, it marks a deterioration since the end of the 1996-97 biennium, when the deficit stood at US$ 28 million, and earlier estimates of the accumulated deficit of US$ 38.4 million as at 31 December 1999, made prior to completion of the latest actuarial valuations for staff related schemes.

67. The Council will recall that the Programme of Work and Budget (PWB) 2000-01 incorporates a provision for the cost of medical benefits, including after service medical coverage, for current staff. The 2002-03 budget will continue to provide the necessary after service medical coverage, for current staff, based on the latest actuarial valuations while the liability for past services will continue to be amortised in the accounts of the Organization over a period of 15 biennia.

68. The weaker equity position in 1998-99 arises mainly from the amortisation of after service medical liabilities of US$ 21.1 million in 1998-99. In addition, surplus income generated from investments held in respect of the Separation Payments Scheme and Staff Compensation Plan, amounting to US$ 42.8 million, has been transferred in accordance with Conference Resolution 10/99 to After Service Medical Care. The positive result of this action is its contribution to the decline in the related unrecorded liabilities to US$ 109.6 million as at 31 December 1999 compared with US$ 195.1 million in 1997. However, lacking any specific plans to ensure the funding of After Service Medical Care, the problem remains largely unresolved in financial terms.

69. It is emphasised that the accumulated deficit of US$ 63.6 million is fully covered by arrears in assessed contributions. At 31 December 1999, these stood at US$ 151.2 million, out of which US$ 94.5 million being due from the largest contributor. It, therefore, follows that if all outstanding arrears were paid in full, the Organization would have a substantial cash surplus.

70. It is difficult to determine the evolution of the accumulated deficit in 2000-01 and the likely position at the end of the present biennium. The outcome could be heavily influenced by the net receipt of assessed contributions (i.e. both current assessments and arrears). In addition, the following factors influence the result:

a) the extent to which full implementation of the 2000-01 authorised budget of US$ 650 million is achieved as planned;

b) it is foreseen that the US$ 9 million authorised by the 1999 Conference for meeting redeployment and separation costs will be spent;

c) the amortisation of after service medical liabilities will continue in 2000-01; andd) the overall result will be influenced by investment income on assets held for staff

related schemes and the next actuarial valuation of these schemes.

Use of Arrears

71. By Resolution 3/99, the Conference established the framework for the eventual use of arrears in case of significant payments, particularly from the major contributor.


72. The decision of the United Nations General Assembly at the end of the year 2000 to adopt a substantially modified scale of contributions for the 2001-2003 period, which had immediate implications for the FAO scale of contributions, as set out in Conference Resolution 9/99, has removed a significant obstacle to the payment of arrears due by the major contributor.

73. However, at the time of writing this document, there was still some uncertainty on timing and amounts of arrears payments by the major contributor. Moreover, the weaker financial position than that previously foreseen, as reflected in the accumulated deficit at 31 December 1999 of US$ 63.6 million, implies that a more limited use than originally anticipated can be made of arrears payments.


III. BUDGETARY FRAMEWORK

Overview of Total Resources

Total Estimated Resource Availability (At 2000-01 cost levels)2000-01 2002-03

Source of Funds US$ 000 US$ 000 US$ 000 US$ 000Member Nations Net Assessed Contributions 643,104 678,173Miscellaneous IncomeRental of Conference and Office Facilities 196 200Interest Earnings 4,000 4,000Less: discounts payable (1,200) (1,000)Lapse of accrued liabilities 3,700 3,500Contributions from New/ Associate Members 100 100Surplus on the Publications Revolving Fund 0 0Sundry 100 100Total Miscellaneous Income 6,896 6,900Net Appropriation voted by the Conference 650,000 685,073Voluntary Contributions under Financial Regulation 6.7: To Other IncomeOther Income credited to the General Fund in the Financial AccountsWorld Bank 18,745 18,625Other Financial Institutions 8,101 8,009Technical Support Services 5,687 5,334Project Servicing Costs and Administrative and Operational Support Services 36,851 36,251Reimbursements for Administrative Services to WFP 2,416 1,913Government Counterpart Cash Contributions 1,670 1,670Other Items (e.g. Miscellaneous Secondments) 1,626 1,467Total Other Income credited to the General Fund in the Financial Accounts 75,096 73,269Other Income not credited to the General Fund in the Financial AccountsWorld Health Organization (CODEX) 969 969Co-sponsors to TAC 3,063 3,000UNFPA 1,189 360Terminal Reports 715 715OSRO Direct Operating Expenses 3,421 6,456Total Other Income not credited to the General Fund in the Financial Accounts 9,357 11,500Total Other Income 84,453 84,769Resources Available for the Programme of Work 734,453 769,842Voluntary Contributions under Financial Regulation 6.7: To Trust Fund IncomeUNDP Projects – Total 61,070 55,000Less: Project Servicing Costs (5,552) (5,000)Emergency Projects – Total 172,424 260,000Less: Direct Operating Costs (3,421) (6,456)Other Trust Fund Projects 305,648 295,000Less: Project Servicing Costs (31,298) (31,251)Less: Technical Support Services (5,617) (4,475)UNDP TSS/STS/SPPD Projects 8,000 8,000Total Estimated Trust Fund Income 501,254 570,818TOTAL ESTIMATED RESOURCES AVAILABLE 1,235,707 1,340,660

74. Voluntary contributions falling under the category of Other Income comprise resources available to execute the Programme of Work because they are at the disposal of the Organization and/or are managed closely with the Regular Budget Appropriation.


75. To improve the relationship between the budget figures in planning documents and actual results in the financial accounts of the Organization, Other Income has been further sub-divided between voluntary contributions that are treated as credits to the General Fund in the financial accounts and those which are accounted as Trust Funds.

76. The preceding table shows a small overall increase in Other Income. This consists of a number of movements, the more significant ones being summarised as follows:

a) an anticipated US$ 3.1 million increase in reimbursements of direct operating costs from Trust Fund emergency activities, mainly carried out by the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR);

b) the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is expected to reduce its support to the population aspects of the Gender and Population programme implying a reduction in income of US$ 0.8 million; its contribution will now be sufficient to support only one P-5 post, half a G-4 post and limited non-staff resources;

c) a decline of US$ 0.7 million in budgeted project servicing costs and administrative and operational support services (AOS) reimbursements as well as US$ 0.4 million in reimbursements for technical support services (TSS) from non-emergency Trust Fund and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) projects. Estimates are subject to uncertainty and risk, as the achievement of the planned figure necessitates a significant turnaround in non-emergency project delivery from current levels, and they will be revised in the full Programme of Work and Budget (PWB) 2002-03 following an analysis of recent trends, a review of strategic relationships with major donors and projects in the pipeline, and an assessment of the new operating structures' capacities to execute ongoing projects efficiently. An eventual revision to the estimates would need to be accompanied, to the extent possible, by corresponding reductions in the resources budgeted in the administrative and operating structures supporting the execution of field projects; and

d) a decline of US$ 0.5 million in estimated reimbursements for administrative services to the World Food Programme (WFP), as the latter will shortly complete the implementation of its own payroll system, no longer requiring the services of the Finance Division (AFF).

Developments Under Extra-budgetary Resources

77. Historical project delivery by funding source is shown below and indicates that the total extra-budgetary field programme has increased from the low level of 1996. However, this increase reflects a growth in emergency assistance which has expanded from US$ 15.8 million in 1996 to US$ 168.5 million in 2000, while non-emergency assistance has continued to show a steady decline from a level of US$ 263.2 million in 1993 to US$ 129.1 million in 2000.

Extra-Budgetary Field Programme (All amounts in US$ million)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

FAO/UNDP Programme 58.3 42.8 41.7 28.6 20.5 13.2

Trust Fund (non-emergency) 137.2 140.4 129.9 128.5 118.6 115.9

Sub-total UNDP and non-emergency Trust Funds

195.5 183.2 171.6 157.1 139.1 129.1

Trust Fund (emergency) 27.9 15.8 35.2 78.2 96.7 168.5TOTAL 223.4 199.0 206.8 235.3 235.8 297.6

78. UNDP project delivery has declined steadily from US$ 108.1 million in 1993 to US$ 13.2 million in 2000. With the exception of 1997, when UNDP project delivery was close to the level of 1996, there has been a consistent decline averaging 25% each year. However, UNDP delivery is expected to stabilise at about US$ 25 million per year.


79. Non-emergency Trust Fund project delivery has oscillated at around US$ 116 million to US$ 130 million per year since 1997. Current activity has been temporarily depressed by the transfer of operating responsibilities from the Field Operations Division (TCO) and Regional Operations Branches to FAO country offices and the inevitable difficulties that such significant changes create during the period of transition. However, available unspent budgets on current projects and newly confirmed projects are higher than in the past, and there is an expectation of non-emergency Trust Fund delivery recovering during 2002-03.

80. Trust Fund emergency activities, mainly carried out by TCOR, vary with need. The large increase in emergency programmes since 1997 is related to the Iraq Oil for Food programme which is assumed to continue through 2002-03 at close to current levels of activity.

Efficiency Savings

81. Some of the input-oriented efficiency measures implemented in prior biennia are being further pursued. These include the ongoing efforts at reducing the average grade of professional posts, expanding partnership programmes, and implementing cheaper and better forms of communication between locations.

82. Process-oriented change, focusing on changing policies, procedures and ways of working, with the aim of streamlining operational and administrative functions, is also being pursued. In the PWB 2000-01, various restructuring exercises were initiated, including the replacement of Headquarters Management Support Units (MSUs) with a centralised Management Support Service (MSS). Furthermore, potential for economies were identified in Regional Office Operations Branches, and a review of the responsibilities and modalities for providing administrative and technical support to field programme operations in the regions was initiated.

83. Specific areas of process change which are reflected in the 2002-03 proposals include completion of the upgrade of Oracle Financials and restructuring of the Finance Division. Also included is the restructuring of the Field Operations Division and Regional Operations Branches, to reflect the transfer of project operational responsibility to FAO country offices and technical officers wherever possible, as well as the reorganisation of the Office of Assistant Director-General (TCD).

84. Improvement in efficiency and related process change is an essential part of a dynamic organization and remains an ongoing management activity. However, fundamental changes have entailed modifications to systems and procedures, including basic changes in financial management approaches and adjustments in the delegation of authority conferred on officials of the Organization, whilst ensuring that acceptable levels of internal control and stewardship of resources are retained. These changes have had major implications for training, as new skills needed to be acquired by existing staff, while in other cases restructuring creates a mismatch between the skills of existing staff and the future needs of the Organization. Finally, in FAO, restructuring has had to be implemented within a fixed budgetary appropriation, which has been declining in real terms, for several biennia, without recourse to additional financial or human resources.

85. There are, therefore, limitations in the pace and extent of further reform in 2002-03, as a period of respite is needed to complete, absorb, and take advantage of changes that have already been initiated.

86. For example, the abolition of the Regional Operations Branches and transfer of project operational responsibility to country offices has, inter alia, required the upgrading of their Field Accounting System and information technology infrastructures; the training of Country Representatives who are assigned new responsibilities for operating and managing projects;


transfer, redeployment and separation of operations officers and their assistants; and rewriting of relevant procedures.

87. Internal financial and budgetary management practices are being reviewed in connection with the above restructuring. The redistribution of project operational responsibility to technical units and FAO Representatives (FAORs) has underlined the need for a more transparent and equitable income distribution system which better relates allocations of support cost reimbursements to the units and programmes earning these resources, as it will exacerbate inequities if it is not accompanied by a responsive means of reallocating resources to compensate for changes in operational workload. The current proposals in the Summary Programme of Work and Budget (SPWB) 2002-03 are resulting in shifts in the costs of supporting the field programme. Regional Offices, for example, are undergoing significant cost savings which are partly offset by additional costs in FAO Representations. Hence, a critical examination of the basis of distribution of support cost income is currently being undertaken. At present, the direct assignment of AOS income to specific programme entities and organizational units has not proved feasible and many administrative and operational functions represent a collective responsibility involving many units. The results of the review of the basis of distribution of support cost income will be reflected in the full PWB 2002-03 and may directly affect the distribution of the budgetary appropriation by chapter.

88. A further review of the structure of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC), in particular of the Policy Assistance Division (TCA) and the Investment Centre Division (TCI), is likely to be undertaken before the full PWB 2002-03, and may be reflected in the latter document if sufficient progress has been made by the time it goes to print.


Posts

Evolution of PostsCategory 2000-01

Approved BudgetRestructuring

ChangesNet Programme

ChangesOverall Change SPWB 2002-03

Proposal

Regular Programme (RP):

Headquarters

Professional 891 14 37 51 942

General Service 997 2 (11) (9) 988

Total 1,888 16 26 42 1,930

Regional/Sub-Regional and Liaison Offices

Professional* 286 (23) 10 (13) 273

General Service 345 (22) (2) (24) 321

Total 631 (45) 8 (37) 594

FAOR

International Professional 92 0 0 0 92

National Professional 65 7 27 34 99


Total 763 14 (2) 12 775

Total Regular Programme

International Professional 1,269 (9) 47 38 1,307


General Service 1,948 (13) (42) (55) 1,893

Total 3,282 (15) 32 17 3,299

Pools and Other Funds:

Professional 81 0 7 7 88


Total 226 0 6 6 232

Grand Total All Funds

International Professional 1,350 (9) 54 45 1,395


General Service 2,093 (13) (43) (56) 2,037

TOTAL 3,508 (15) 38 23 3,531

* 2000-01 post counts include 11 outposted TCI posts, while the 2002-03 proposal includes 7 outposted TCI posts

89. The PWB 2000-01 included the net abolition of 87 general service posts and four professional posts, bringing the total establishment down to 3,508 posts. In the PWB 2002-03, further implementation of restructuring and other actions, results in the net creation of 79 professional and National Professional Officer (NPO) positions and the net abolition of 56 general service posts, as tabulated under the column entitled Overall Change, bringing the total establishment to 3,531 posts. The changes result in an overall improvement in the general service to professional ratio from 1.48 to 1.36, as the Organization continues to strengthen its professional capacity, ensuring that this is done without undue hardship to staff members.

90. The Restructuring Changes resulted in the net addition of 16 posts at Headquarters and the abolition of 31 posts in the decentralized locations, as detailed in the table below.


Post Changes due to Restructuring InitiativesDescription New Abolished Sub-total

ProfNew Abolished Sub-total

GSTotal

Headquarters Restructuring

TC restructuring 10 5 5 12 10 2 7

AFF restructuring 12 1 11 12 12 0 11

MSS realignment 1 3 (2) 8 8 0 (2)

Sub-total Headquarters posts 23 9 14 32 30 2 16

Regional Office Operations Restructuring

Regional Office posts 0 23 (23) 2 24 (22) (45)

FAOR posts 7 0 7 7 0 7 14

Sub-total decentralized posts 7 23 (16) 9 24 (15) (31)

Total all restructuring categories 30 32 (2) 41 54 (13) (15)

* New and abolished post counts include transfers from/to divisions outside the restructuring category

91. The restructuring of AFF, already considered by the Joint Meeting of the Programme and Finance Committees1 in September 2000, is reflected in the SPWB, together with further refinements to the Management Support Service which was established following the implementation of Oracle.

92. The full impact of the ongoing decentralization of project operations to country offices and technical departments is expected to result in the abolition of 23 professional and 22 general service posts in Regional Offices, and the establishment of seven NPO and seven general service posts in FAO Representations.

93. The restructuring of the TC Department was intimated to the Conference in 1999 and focuses on the need to strengthen TC’s capacity to develop, coordinate and monitor the field programme so as to reverse the current declining trend in non-emergency field activities funded from external sources.

TC Restructuring - Net Post Changes

Division

Professional and Above General ServiceNet post

additions/ (abolitions)

Net transfers in/(out)

Sub-total Prof

Net post additions/

(abolitions)

Net transfers in/(out)

Sub-total GS Total

TCD -1 -10 -11 -3 -8 -11 -22TCA 0 1 1 0 2 2 3TCOR 5 0 5 9 0 9 14Other TCO 0 10 10 -4 6 2 12Total TC Restructuring 4 1 5 2 0 2 7

94. The main elements of the restructuring are described below:

a) in TCO, a new Field Programme Monitoring and Coordination Service is created and the service for the Special Programme on Food Security is strengthened;

b) the fellowships programme in TCO is downsized to match the decline in workload and its residual functions are transferred to TCD;

c) the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) is transferred from TCD to TCO so as to combine similar functions in the TCO division; and

d) the Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) is increased by five professional and nine general service posts, funded by direct operating cost reimbursements from emergency project operations, in view of the substantially increased demand for emergency work as described above.

1 Document JM 2000/3, FAO's New Financial Systems and Procedures, refers.


95. Due to the complexity of the work involved in the restructuring of the TC Department, a phased approach is being undertaken which may result in further post change proposals in the full PWB 2002-03 and thereafter.

96. Within the Net Programme Changes shown in the table on Evolution of Posts, there was a net increase of 81 professional and a net reduction of 43 general service posts. The changes include:

a) replacing 29 general service posts in the FAO Representations with 27 NPO posts;b) the establishment of additional entry-level professional posts to provide for an

increased intake of junior professionals, bearing in mind the future levels of retirement of professional staff;

c) using opportunities arising from natural staff turnover and post vacancies in both the general service and professional categories to realign and strengthen technical expertise; and

d) using additional resources proposed for high-priority programmes (19 professional posts).

97. The following table lists all new and abolished posts to the Regular Programme labelled as Net Programme Changes in the table on Evolution of Posts, excluding National Professional Officer posts and general service posts in the FAORs.

Regular Programme-funded New Posts and Abolitions (including divisional transfers, and excluding NPO and FAOR GS posts and changes pertaining to AFF restructuring, MSS realignment, TC restructuring and RO Operations Branches)

NEW POSTS ABOLISHED POSTS

Unit Grade Post Title Unit Grade Post TitleODG P-4 Attaché de Cabinet

G-3 Clerk

G-2 Registry Clerk

SAD G-3 Clerk Typist

PBE P-3 Programme and Budget Officer (2 posts) PBE G-6 Budget AssistantG-4 Clerk Typist

OCD G-4 Personnel Clerk (2 posts)

AGA P-5 Senior Meat Officer (Technology and Hygiene) (to RLC)

AGL P-3 Technical Officer (GIS) AGL G-6 Research AssistantAGP P-5 Senior Officer (Rotterdam Convention)

P-5 Programme Coordinator EMPRES

G-3 Clerk

AGS P-3 Information Systems Management AGS G-5 Programme ClerkP-3 Agribusiness Officer

P-2 Rural Finance Officer

ESC P-4 Trade Economist (Multilateral Trade Negotiations)

ESC G-2 Registry Clerk

P-3 Technical Publication Officer

G-3 Statistical Clerk

ESN P-2 Nutrition Officer (Nutrition in Emergencies)

ESN P-5 Senior Officer (ICN Follow-up Coordinator)

P-3 Nutrition Officer (Biotechnology)

P-3 Food Safety Scientist (Microbiology)

ESS P-2 Statistician (2 posts) ESS G-2 Statistical Assistant (2 posts)



Unit Grade Post Title Unit Grade Post TitleFI P-4 Marine Ecosystem Management Officer FI G-6 Statistical Assistant

P-4 Departmental Technical Editor

P-2 Fishery Planning Analyst (Aquaculture Economics)

P-2 Fisheries Statistician

P-2 Fisheries Resources Officer (Information Systems)

G-4 Clerk Typist

FO P-4 Forestry Officer (Sustainable Mountain Development)

P-4 Forestry Officer (National Forest Programmes)

P-3 Forestry Officer (Forest Fire Management)

P-2 Reduced Impact Logging Officer

P-2 Forest Policy Officer

P-2 Financing Sustainable Forest Management Officer

SDD G-2 Clerk/Machine Operator

SDA P-4 Human Resources Officer (Disability Matters)

SDR P-5 Senior Agricultural Education and Extension Officer (from RLC)

SDR P-3 Communication Officer (Development Support) (to RLC)

P-5 Deputy Executive Secretary

SDW P-4 HIV/AIDS & Food Security Officer SDW P-5 Senior Population Officer (Socio-Cultural Research)

P-5 Senior Population Officer (2 posts)

P-5 Senior Officer (Women, Population and Development)

P-5 Senior Officer

TCI D-1 Senior Agricultural Economist

P-5 Agricultural Investment Officer

P-3 Economist

P-2 Computer Analyst/Programmer

AFD P-4 Information Technology Officer

AFI G-4 Office Automation Clerk (Move to RP) AFI P-4 Communications Officer (Move from RP)G-3 Registry Clerk P-2 Communications Officer (Move from RP)G-3 Computer Support Clerk (Move to RP) G-3 Clerk Typist (Move from RP)

G-3 Clerk (Move from RP)

AFP P-5 Senior Personnel Officer

P-5 Chief

G-7 Personnel Assistant (Social Security)

G-5 Clerk

G-3 Clerk

AFS P-1 Maintenance Officer AFS P-3 Supervisor (Processing and Control)P-1 Control Officer G-6 Accounting AssistantG-2 Distribution Clerk G-5 Maintenance Supervisor

G-5 Assistant Supervisor

GID P-5 Deputy Executive Coordinator GID G-7 SecretaryP-3 Liaison Officer G-2 Clerk Facilities (to GIC)



Unit Grade Post Title Unit Grade Post TitleG-6 Secretary (from GIC)

G-4 Clerk-Stenographer

G-4 Budget and Accounting Clerk (from GIC)

GIC P-4 Conference and Liaison Officer GIC G-6 Terminology/Editorial Assistant (Chinese)P-3 IGO's Officer G-6 Terminology Assistant (Arabic)P-2 Translation Workflow Officer (Spanish) G-6 Secretary (to GID)P-2 Translation Workflow Officer (French) G-4 Budget and Accounting Clerk (to GID)P-2 Translation Workflow Officer (Chinese)

P-2 Translation Workflow Officer (Arabic)

G-2 Clerk Facilities (from GID)

GII P-4 Exhibition Curator GII P-5 Chief, Multimedia GroupP-3 Designer P-3 Information Officer (to RNE)P-3 Arabic Editor G-6 Supervisor Photo LibraryP-2 Publishing Policy Support Coordinator G-6 Layout/Graphics AssistantP-2 Photo Editor G-6 Information Assistant (Visitor's Services)P-2 Information Officer G-5 Design TechnicianP-2 Designer

G-4 Clerk Typist

GIL P-3 Information Management Specialist GIL P-3 Documentation OfficerP-2 Technical Information Specialist

(Multimedia)G-6 Documentation Assistant

P-2 Technical Information Specialist

P-2 Programme Officer

P-2 Information Systems Developer

P-2 Information Management Specialist (PAIAs)

P-2 Information Management Specialist (COAIM Secretariat)

G-4 Database/Information Clerk

G-3 Registry Clerk

LOGE G-5 Secretary

LOWA P-4 Information Officer (from RNE) LOWA G-2 Chauffeur/Mail ClerkRAF P-3 Statistician RAF P-4 Desert Locust and Migratory Pests Officer

(to SNEA)P-3 Forestry Officer (Wildlife Management) G-1 CleanerG-5 Administrative Clerk (Protocol)

SAFR P-3 Animal Production Officer

RAP P-3 Rice-based Cropping System Officer RAP P-5 Senior Soil Management and Fertilizer Use Officer

P-3 Regional Fishery Statistician

P-3 Land Management Officer

P-2 Soil Fertility Officer

REU P-4 Agricultural Officer

P-3 Country Operations Officer

G-4 Operations Clerk

RLC P-5 Senior Meat Officer (Technology and Hygiene) (from AGA)

RLC P-5 Senior Agricultural Education and Extension Officer (to SDR)

P-3 Regional Aquaculture Officer G-1 Documents Helper



Unit Grade Post Title Unit Grade Post TitleP-3 Communication Officer (Development

Support) (from SDR)P-2 Land and Water Management Officer

RNE P-5 Secretary, FAO Central Region Locust Commission

RNE P-4 Translation and Publications Officer

P-4 Information Officer (from GII) P-4 Information Officer (to LOWA)P-3 Statistician

P-3 Land Tenure and Rural Institutions Officer

SNEA P-4 Desert Locust and Migratory Pests Officer (from RAF)

98. Particular emphasis has been placed on creating entry level positions, aimed at providing opportunities for attracting young professionals, given the significant staff turnover foreseen in upcoming years due to retirements. As can be seen in the table above, the majority of the abolished professional posts are higher-graded posts, while the majority of the new professional posts are entry-level positions. Indeed, 43 new positions at the P-1 to P-3 level are foreseen in the PWB 2002-03. The above actions, and further efforts to downgrade professional posts where feasible, have resulted in a reduction in the average grade mix of professional staff, with the overall grade point average (GPA) declining from 4.3 to 4.2.

99. As for the general service category, which has borne much of the burden of reductions in recent biennia due to the changing nature of the workplace and the impact of automation on many tasks, remaining staff have sometimes taken on additional and more demanding tasks. In this regard, a limited number of well-justified general service grade increases are included in the budgetary proposals. Furthermore, a review of all general service post descriptions and job classifications is underway and is expected to result in some further upward adjustments of the general service GPA. This is considered appropriate both in terms of the comparison across the United Nations system, where FAO’s GPA is below average, and also as the means to creating a structure which has satisfactory career opportunities despite the reduced overall general service population at Headquarters.

Cost Increases

Methodology

100. The methodology for the calculation of cost increases to be provided within the PWB 2002-03 is the same as used for previous biennia and approved by the Finance Committee, Council and Conference. The cost increase calculations included in this document are based on actual data through to the end of 2000 and use, as the base, the Programme of Work for 2000-01. Calculations will be further refined and updated for the full PWB.

Biennialization and Inflation

101. As in previous biennia, cost increases are analysed under the headings of Biennialization and Inflation.

a) Biennialization incorporates the full biennial effect of cost increases that have occurred at some stage during the current biennium (therefore only for part of the 24-month period), but which will be incurred for the full 24 months in 2002-03. Since it reflects the financial impact in 2002-03 of changes that will have occurred before the end of 2001, it is not based on long-term forecasts which are more prone to forecasting error.


b) Inflation, on the other hand, represents the cost impact in 2002-03 of those increases that are expected to take effect at various points in the next biennium (i.e. on or after 1 January 2002 and before 31 December 2003).

Lapse Factor

102. With regard to staff costs, the methodology approved by the Council at its Hundred and Seventh Session for application since the 1996-97 budget has been followed. An across the board budgetary reduction of 4.53% and 1.78% continues to be applied to professional and general service costs respectively in arriving at the programme budget estimates for 2002-03. The percentages will be revised in the full PWB 2002-03 to take account of standard recruitment lead times and staff turnover rates up to 31 December 2000.

Analysis of Cost Increases

103. The table which follows shows the cost increases summarised by major component, showing separately the amounts attributable to biennialization of cost increases arising in 2000-01 from cost increases due to inflation in 2002-03. Explanation of the most significant increases and the main assumptions made in forecasting the amounts are described below.

Summary of Cost Increases for 2002-03 (All amounts in US$ 000)

2000-01 Programme of

Work @ Lira 1875

Biennialization Inflation Total Increase for 2002-03

Personnel Services

a) Basic Professional Salaries and Post Adjustments

199,100 3,376 3,766 7,142

b) General Service Salaries 124,080 2,226 1,843 4,069

c) Pension Fund Contributions 65,563 2,745 1,355 4,100

d) Social Security 12,306 3,756 0 3,756

e) After Service Medical 13,681 (4,961) 3,002 (1,959)

f) Dependency Allowances 6,519 602 420 1,022

g) Education Grant, Travel and other Allowances, Recruitment and Separation Costs

58,080 (1,365) 1,275 (90)

h) General Service Separation Scheme 6,830 0 0 0

Total Personnel Services 486,159 6,379 11,661 18,040

Goods and Services

i) Other Human Resources 132,479 0 4,252 4,252

j) Travel on Official Business 29,891 0 1,444 1,444

k) General Operating Expenses 74,904 0 2,807 2,807

l) Furniture, Equipment and Vehicles 16,155 0 606 606

Total Goods and Services 253,429 0 9,109 9,109

GRAND TOTAL – Gross Budget 739,588 6,379 20,771 27,149

Personnel Services

104. Under Basic Professional Salaries and Post Adjustment, the cost of living adjustments foreseen in the first half of the biennium did not materialise to the extent foreseen in the PWB 2000-01. Biennialization arises from a likely 5% increase in professional salaries at Headquarters from July 2001 following a place-to-place survey conducted by the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) in October 2000. Under inflation, further cost of living adjustments of 2% are foreseen in July 2002 and July 2003.


105. The biennialization of General Service Salaries reflects the impact of lower than expected increase in general service salaries effective November 1999, which has been offset by a possible 3% increase, retroactive to November 2000, following a recently completed place-to-place survey at Headquarters, and a further cost of living adjustment of 3% in November 2001. Under inflation, an estimated 2% increase in general service salaries is foreseen effective November 2002 and November 2003.

106. Biennialization of Pension Fund Contributions is attributable to an increase of 3.63% in pensionable remuneration for professional staff, promulgated by the ICSC in October 2000 (compared with a foreseen increment of 3% in the PWB 2000-01), and the impact on pension contributions of the 2000-01 increase in general service salaries at Headquarters. Under inflation, the estimated increases are consistent with the estimated increase in professional and general service salaries in 2002-03.

107. Under Social Security, which comprises the Organization’s payment to staff medical schemes, biennialization reflects a correction to bring the provision to the actual rate of expenditure in the 2000 accounts. This will be subject to further examination and adjustment, if necessary, in the full PWB 2002-03.

108. The decrease in After Service Medical costs under biennialization reflects the results of the latest actuarial valuation as of 31 December 1999, which has determined a reduced provision for current service costs. This provision has varied considerably since the first actuarial valuation in 1996, and it is considered prudent to include an inflationary increase for 2002-03, bringing the overall provision to the amount required in the 1997 actuarial valuation.

109. Under Dependency Allowances, biennialization largely reflects the impact on children’s and secondary dependant’s allowance of an 11.89% increase. Similar increases are foreseen under inflation in 2002 and 2003. Increases for the general service category are assumed to correspond to their estimated salary increases in 2002-03.

110. With regard to Education Grant, Travel and Other Allowances, current expenditure patterns indicate that cost increases having taken effect during the current biennium can be absorbed, although appointment travel and related installation allowance cost trends require further review before the full PWB 2002-03. Education Grant provisions, amounting to approximately US$ 14.6 million in the current biennium, are reviewed every two years by the ICSC, and an increase in the education grant ceiling of up to 13% in key countries became effective 1 January 2001, for which an appropriate provision has been made. Following the adoption of a new accounting methodology in the 1998-99 financial accounts, separation costs (comprising repatriation grant, termination indemnities, repatriation travel and removal, death grant and accrued leave) are now covered by accrual accounting principles and are subject to actuarial valuations. The results of the latest actuarial valuation as at 31 December 1999 have been included in the estimates.

111. The provision for General Service Separation Payments Scheme is in line with the latest actuarial valuation as at 31 December 1999.

112. The Organization is now in the second year of implementation of differentiated standard rates for professional positions that take account of distinct cost rates and cost trends in the various locations where FAO staff are posted. A more detailed analysis of cost trends by major location will be completed before the full PWB. While such review is unlikely to have an impact on the overall level of cost increase, it might cause some redistribution of costs between organizational units, and consequently, between programmes.

Goods and Services

113. Other Human Resources consists of non-staff human resources in the form of temporary assistance, consultants and contracts. Under inflation, a cost increase of 2% per annum


effective January 2002 and January 2003 is considered appropriate and is consistent with overall trends in earnings growth.

114. Travel costs, which were not subject to any cost increase in the PWB 2000-01 in the interest of responding to requests to absorb cost increases to the maximum extent possible, have been increased by 3% per annum in 2002 and 2003.

115. The inflation under General Operating Expenses has been based on estimated rates of inflation for Italy which, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit are forecast at 2.4% in 2002 and 2.2% in 2003.

116. Under Furniture, Equipment and Vehicles, it has been assumed that most of the expenditure will be incurred under international tendering provisions for which US rates of inflation are considered more appropriate, less some allowance to take account of the competitive advantages of international tendering. Accordingly, an estimated rate of inflation of 2% for 2002 and 2.4% for 2003 has been applied.

Biennial Cost Increase Rates

117. The biennial rate of cost increases is the net effect of applying two annual increases to each year of the biennium. For example, assuming a 2% increase in 2000 and a 3% increase in 2001 on a biennial budget of US$ 100, the calculation of the biennial rate is as follows:

Example data:

2000 cost of US$ 50 x 2% = 51.00

2001 cost of US$ 51 x 3% = 52.53

Total 103.53

118. The biennial rate in this example is therefore 3.53%. Conversely, this process can be reversed so that a biennial rate can be converted to an annual rate of inflation. In this example, the biennial rate of 3.53% is equivalent to an annual average rate of 2.35%.

119. The biennial rate of cost increases for 2002-03 works out at 3.53% of the proposed Programme of Work. As noted above, substantial cost increases arise from the need to take account of increases that will take effect before the commencement of the next biennium, which are estimated under biennialization. The proposed cost increases for 2002-03 are equivalent to an average annual rate of 2.33%.

Budget Level and Funding

120. The budget is prepared in US Dollars on the basis of the exchange rate adopted by the 1999 Conference for the 2000-01 budget of Lira 1 875 to US$ 1.

121. Under the current methodology for the determination of the effective working budget in the Resolution put before the Conference for its adoption, adjustments are made to the provisions for cost increases to reflect the rate of exchange for that day. As a consequence, the final Appropriation, and therefore the assessed contributions for 2002-03, can only be determined in November 2001. At the current market rate of Lira 2 150, the financial impact of biennialization and inflation would be completely offset by the favourable currency effect. Depending on the prevailing rate in November 2001, the budget as proposed would be financed as follows:


Funding of Programme of Work and Budget (All amounts in US$ 000)

2000-01 PWB 2002-03 Proposed PWB

At Lire At Lire At Lire At Lire

1875 1950 2050 2150

Programme of Work 734,453 769,842 769,842 769,842 769,842Less: Other Income (84,453) (84,769) (84,769) (84,769) (84,769)

Net Requirements (at 2000-01 Cost Levels) 650,000 685,073 685,073 685,073 685,073

Add: Estimated Cost Increases 27,149 17,579 6,725 (840)

Net Appropriation 650,000 712,222 702,652 691,798 684,233

Less: Miscellaneous Income (6,896) (6,900) (6,900) (6,900) (6,900)

Assessed Contributions 643,104 705,322 695,752 684,898 677,333

Percentage Increase in Assessed Contributions versus 2000-01 9.7% 8.2% 6.5% 5.3%

122. Budgetary proposals result in an increase in assessments of 9.7% over the biennium at the budget rate of exchange approved by the Conference in November 1999. At the rate of Lira 2 150, which is the market rate of exchange at the time of this document going to print, the proposed level of assessed contributions would fall to approximately US$ 677.3 million, an increase in assessments of 5.3% over the biennium or 3.5% per annum.


IV. PROGRAMME BUDGET

123. The two summary tables immediately following, provide an overall analysis of movements from the base (i.e. the approved budget for 2000-01) to the proposal for 2002-03 and show the changes to the Programme of Work as well as the net changes to the Appropriation.

124. The tables in the remainder of this section provide breakdowns of resource allocations and changes in the Programme of Work, down to sub-programme or programme entity level. Particularly as regards substantive areas, the narratives identify the objectives addressed and the main outputs to be produced in an integrated manner by both Headquarters units and outlying offices. They are consistent with the longer-term picture presented in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007. More specific references to underlying detail for 2002-03 will be provided in the full Programme of Work and Budget.

125. As per established practice, the figures are at 2000-01 budgeted cost levels, exclusive of the cost increases expected in 2002-03, which in the Summary are presented only in total (under the preceding section III: Budgetary Framework).


Summary of Programme of Work and Appropriation by Chapter and Major Programme (All amounts in US$ 000)

Major 2000-01 Budget Programme Change 2002-03 Proposal before Cost Increases

Programme

and Description Programme Less: Appropriation Programme Less: Appropriation Programme Less: Appropriation

Chapter of Work Income of Work Income of Work Income

1.1 Governing Bodies 17,671 0 17,671 465 0 465 18,136 0 18,136

1.2 Policy, Direction and Planning 22,479 2,751 19,728 1,657 (183) 1,840 24,136 2,568 21,568

1.3 External Coordination and Liaison 13,140 437 12,703 (348) 0 (348) 12,792 437 12,355

1.9 Programme Management 789 0 789 24 0 24 813 0 813

1 General Policy and Direction 54,079 3,188 50,891 1,798 (183) 1,981 55,877 3,005 52,872

2.1 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 89,372 1,279 88,093 5,587 (9) 5,596 94,959 1,270 93,689

2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 87,047 1,487 85,560 4,365 12 4,353 91,412 1,499 89,913

2.3 Fisheries 39,231 675 38,556 2,276 (58) 2,334 41,507 617 40,890

2.4 Forestry 30,439 740 29,699 1,831 (295) 2,126 32,270 445 31,825

2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts 52,575 5,314 47,261 2,209 (917) 3,126 54,784 4,397 50,387

2 Technical and Economic Programmes 298,664 9,495 289,169 16,268 (1,267) 17,535 314,932 8,228 306,704

3.1 Policy Assistance 27,042 841 26,201 1,231 (125) 1,356 28,273 716 27,557

3.2 Support to Investment 46,546 27,707 18,839 (815) 0 (815) 45,731 27,707 18,024

3.3 Field Operations 23,879 18,924 4,955 (2,900) (588) (2,312) 20,979 18,336 2,643

3.4 FAO Representatives 72,403 8,737 63,666 5,250 3,720 1,530 77,653 12,457 65,196

3.5 Cooperation with External Partners 8,786 2,458 6,328 792 (43) 835 9,578 2,415 7,163

3.9 Programme Management 882 227 655 1,146 (43) 1,189 2,028 184 1,844

3 Cooperation and Partnerships 179,538 58,894 120,644 4,704 2,921 1,783 184,242 61,815 122,427

4.1 Technical Cooperation Programme 89,118 0 89,118 9,788 0 9,788 98,906 0 98,906

4.2 TCP Unit 2,337 0 2,337 476 0 476 2,813 0 2,813

4 Technical Cooperation Programme 91,455 0 91,455 10,264 0 10,264 101,719 0 101,719

5.1 Information and Publications Support 16,560 0 16,560 680 0 680 17,240 0 17,240

5.2 Administration 48,767 8,008 40,759 776 (600) 1,376 49,543 7,408 42,135

5 Support Services 65,327 8,008 57,319 1,456 (600) 2,056 66,783 7,408 59,375

6 Common Services 44,790 4,868 39,922 899 (555) 1,454 45,689 4,313 41,376

7 Contingencies 600 0 600 0 0 0 600 0 600

TOTAL 734,453 84,453 650,000 35,389 316 35,073 769,842 84,769 685,073


Summary of Other Income Estimates by Source and Major Programme - Comparison of 2000-2001 Budget to 2002-2003 Budget (All amounts in US$ 000)

Major 2000-01 Budget 2002-03 Budget Variance 2002-03

Programme (at 2000-01 costs) Over (under) 2000-01and Description Jointly Technical Admin. Other Total Jointly Technical Admin. Other Total

Chapter Funded Support Support Items Other Funded Support Support Items Other US$ 000 Percent

Activities Services Services Income Activities Services Services Income

1.1 Governing Bodies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%1.2 Policy, Direction and Planning 0 331 2,122 298 2,751 0 331 1,993 244 2,568 (183) (7%)1.3 External Coordination and Liaison 0 0 0 437 437 0 0 0 437 437 0 0%1.9 Programme Management 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%1 General Policy and Direction 0 331 2,122 735 3,188 0 331 1,993 681 3,005 (183) (6%)

2.1 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 2 1,033 217 27 1,279 0 1,039 213 18 1,270 (9) (1%)

2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 1,085 288 90 24 1,487 1,085 282 88 44 1,499 12 1%

2.3 Fisheries 163 398 102 12 675 71 428 100 18 617 (58) (9%)2.4 Forestry 135 494 111 0 740 17 311 109 8 445 (295) (40%)2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and

Special Programme Thrusts 3,063 2,155 96 0 5,314 3,000 1,289 94 14 4,397 (917) (17%)

2 Technical and Economic Programmes 4,448 4,368 616 63 9,495 4,173 3,349 604 102 8,228 (1,267) (13%)3.1 Policy Assistance 0 706 135 0 841 0 583 133 0 716 (125) (15%)3.2 Support to Investment 26,430 1,277 0 0 27,707 26,430 1,277 0 0 27,707 0 0%3.3 Field Operations 0 869 18,055 0 18,924 0 869 17,467 0 18,336 (588) (3%)3.4 FAO Representatives 0 0 7,067 1,670 8,737 0 0 10,787 1,670 12,457 3,720 43%3.5 Cooperation with External Partners 0 0 2,458 0 2,458 0 0 2,415 0 2,415 (43) (2%)3.9 Programme Management 0 40 187 0 227 0 0 184 0 184 (43) (19%)3 Cooperation and Partnerships 26,430 2,892 27,902 1,670 58,894 26,430 2,729 30,986 1,670 61,815 2,921 5%

4.1 Technical Cooperation Programme 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%4.2 TCP Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%4 Technical Cooperation Programme 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

5.1 Information and Publications Support 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%5.2 Administration 0 0 7,180 828 8,008 0 0 6,724 684 7,408 (600) (7%)5 Support Services 0 0 7,180 828 8,008 0 0 6,724 684 7,408 (600) (7%)6 Common Services 0 0 4,868 0 4,868 0 0 4,313 0 4,313 (555) (11%)7 Contingencies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

TOTAL 30,878 7,591 42,688 3,296 84,453 30,603 6,409 44,620 3,137 84,769 316 0%


CHAPTER 1: GENERAL POLICY AND DIRECTION

(All amounts in US$ 000)Major Programme 2000-01

Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

1.1 Governing Bodies 17,671 465 18,136 32%1.2 Policy, Direction and Planning 22,479 1,657 24,136 43%1.3 External Coordination and Liaison 13,140 (348) 12,792 23%1.9 Programme Management 789 24 813 1%

Total 54,079 1,798 55,877 100%

Changes in Resources

126. Some limited savings are still possible under Programme 1.1.1 on account of further efficiency gains, while due attention is paid to balanced language coverage (e.g. for Regional Conferences). The Conference, Council and Protocol Affairs Division (GIC) requires strengthening for improved translation services and handling of relationships with Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) – Programme 1.1.2. The major increase under this chapter is for replacement of PLANSYS under Sub-programme 1.2.2.1. Finally, some increases are necessary under the Office of Director-General and the Office of the Inspector-General for enhanced audit work, which are largely offset by reductions under Liaison Offices (Programme 1.3.2).

Major Programme 1.1: Governing Bodies(All amounts in US$ 000)

Programme 2000-01 Programme

of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

1.1.1 Conference and Council 7,367 (226) 7,141 39%1.1.2 Conference Services 7,176 558 7,734 43%1.1.3 Protocol Services 1,905 151 2,056 11%1.1.9 Programme Management 1,223 (18) 1,205 7%

Total 17,671 465 18,136 100%

127. Programme 1.1.1 covers the direct costs of sessions of FAO Governing Bodies, i.e. Conference and Council, as well as Council Committees. Expenditures relate primarily to costs for documentation, interpretation and short-term staff, in addition to the travel of government representatives, as provided for in the Financial Regulations. The programme also includes provisions related to the McDougall Memorial Lecture and commemorative awards.

128. Programme 1.1.2 covers the cost of the Secretariat for Conference and Council sessions, including preparation of agendas, schedules of documents, and providing meeting room facilities. These services are also provided for other meetings at Headquarters.

129. Within this programme, GIC will pursue improved meetings management and efficient utilisation of translation, interpretation and printing services. The implementation of the policy of balanced language use is increasing translation volumes, requiring new technologies and reorganised work processes. A revised staffing structure should provide the capability to meet


most anticipated translation workloads in future years as well as enabling the Division to take advantage of computer-assisted translation tools.

130. GIC also serves as the focal point for relations with all intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) outside the UN system, excluding funding institutions such as the regional banks. This involves policy advice and liaison, maintenance of reference and documentation systems and active promotion of information exchange and cooperation with other organizations, requiring adequate capacity to be able to handle a growing number of meetings convened by IGOs.

131. Programme 1.1.3 covers liaison and protocol work at Headquarters, i.e. liaison with Permanent Representatives and Missions accredited to FAO, liaison with the host government regarding implementation of the Headquarters Agreement, and the issuance of travel documents, visas and identity cards.

132. Programme 1.1.9 provides for the cost of divisional direction in GIC and that proportion of the costs of the Office of Assistant Director-General, General Affairs and Information Department (GI) which can be attributed to management of this major programme.

Major Programme 1.2: Policy, Direction and Planning(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

1.2.1 Director-General's Office 5,861 573 6,434 27%1.2.2 Programme Planning, Budgeting and Evaluation 7,136 986 8,122 34%1.2.3 Audit and Inspection 5,541 136 5,677 24%1.2.4 Legal Services 2,415 13 2,428 10%1.2.5 Programme and Operational Coordination 1,526 (51) 1,475 6%

Total 22,479 1,657 24,136 100%

133. This major programme includes the provisions for the immediate Office of the Director-General (ODG); the Office of Programme, Budget and Evaluation (PBE); the Office of the Inspector-General (AUD); the portion of the total costs of the Legal Office (LEG) as relates more specifically to legal services to the Organization; and that portion of the cost of the Office for Coordination of Normative, Operational and Decentralized Activities (OCD) as relates to its overall coordination responsibilities. The remaining costs of the latter two offices are budgeted under Programme 3.1.3, Legal Assistance to Member Nations, Major Programme 3.4, FAO Representatives, and Programme 3.5.3, Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations and Support to Economic Cooperation among Developing Countries (ECDC) and Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC).

134. The provision under Programme 1.2.2, Programme Planning, Budgeting and Evaluation, includes the cost of replacing PLANSYS budget preparation and work planning modules with an upgraded version fully integrated into the financial systems of the Organization, a project deferred from the biennium 2000-2001.

135. Programme 1.2.3, Audit and Inspection, covers the activities of the Office of the Inspector-General. It is recalled that AUD also has four outposted staff in the Regional Offices which are taken into account under this programme.

136. In general terms, Programme 1.2.4 covers the “in-house counsel” work of the Legal Office, i.e. advice to the Director-General, technical departments and Governing Bodies of the Organization on legal matters, servicing of the Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM), preparation of international legal agreements at the global and regional levels and performance of the Director-General’s depositary functions, advice on legal aspects of relations


with the host government and with other governments and international organizations, representation of FAO in judicial proceedings and other proceedings for the settlement of disputes and, in particular, handling of cases before the ILO Administrative Tribunal. LEG also provides legal services to the World Food Programme (WFP) Secretariat and Executive Board.

137. Under Programme 1.2.5, the consolidated Coordination Service (OCDC) of OCD will continue to support effective coordination between Headquarters and the decentralized offices. This service results from the merger of the former Coordination Branch (OCDC) and TCDC/ECDC Service (OCDT). Work on Partnership Programmes continues to be covered under Programme 3.5.3.

138. Ensuring that decentralized offices function as an integral part of the Organization, entails continuous review of mechanisms for linkages and communication among decentralized offices themselves and with Headquarters, as well as updated directives on relations with decentralized offices and monitoring of their implementation. As required, OCD prepares documents on decentralization policy issues for consideration by Governing Bodies and senior management and provides support to Regional Offices in the organisation of Regional Conferences. Other key activities are the six-monthly management letters containing Headquarters feedback to FAO Representatives (FAORs) on a variety of issues, and management of the small-scale facility for FAORs.

Major Programme 1.3: External Coordination and Liaison(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

1.3.1 External Relations and Coordination 4,183 55 4,238 33%1.3.2 Liaison Offices 8,957 (403) 8,554 67%

Total 13,140 (348) 12,792 100%

139. Programme 1.3.1 covers the work of the unit, placed under the Special Advisers to the Director-General (SAD), for FAO’s coordination and cooperation with other organizations of the UN system and FAO’s contributions to several UN system-wide mechanisms, e.g. the Joint Inspection Unit (JIU), the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC), the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) subsidiary bodies, etc.

140. Programme 1.3.2 covers the Liaison Offices with the United Nations (in New York and Geneva), for North America (in Washington DC), with the European Union and Belgium (in Brussels), and with Japan (in Yokohama).

141. No major changes are foreseen in functions, while some adjustments are made to resources allocations (cf. above).

Major Programme 1.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

1.9.0 Programme Management 789 24 813 100%

Total 789 24 813 100%

142. Major Programme 1.9 covers the cost of the Management Support Unit for ODG Offices (ODGX).


CHAPTER 2: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRAMMES


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

2.1 Agricultural Production and Support Systems 89,372 5,587 94,959 30%2.2 Food and Agriculture Policy and Development 87,047 4,365 91,412 29%2.3 Fisheries 39,231 2,276 41,507 13%2.4 Forestry 30,439 1,831 32,270 10%2.5 Contributions to Sustainable Development and

Special Programme Thrusts 52,575 2,209 54,784 17%

Total 298,664 16,268 314,932 100%

Major Programme 2.1: Agricultural Productionand Support Systems

(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme 2000-01

Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

2.1.0 Intra-departmental Programme Entities for Agricultural Production and Support Systems 0 5,784 5,784 6%

2.1.1 Natural Resources 16,008 207 16,215 17%2.1.2 Crops 25,072 (816) 24,256 26%2.1.3 Livestock 16,874 630 17,504 18%2.1.4 Agricultural Support Systems 15,182 (15) 15,167 16%2.1.5 Agricultural Applications of Isotopes and

Biotechnology 5,689 (24) 5,665 6%2.1.9 Programme Management 10,547 (179) 10,368 11%

Total 89,372 5,587 94,959 100%

Main Substantive Thrusts and Priorities

143. The major programme relates to the World Food Summit Plan of Action, principally by aiming at reliable production, processing and delivery of more food. Its normative and operational components promote technologies to sustainably intensify agricultural production; reduce the effects of agriculture-related environmental degradation and market failures on vulnerable, food insecure households; and address the biosecurity risks of exchanges of agricultural inputs and products to facilitate expanded international trade.

144. The major programme not only operates through the constituent entities and major outputs within each programme, but contributes in a significant manner to Priority Areas for Inter-disciplinary Action (PAIAs), in particular on biotechnology, biosecurity, biodiversity, food for the cities, sustainable rural livelihoods, and integrated productions systems. Integrated information systems and services are often facilitated by a dedicated entity within each programme.

145. The programme on natural resources gives prominence to work in integrated planning and management of land and water resources, as well as information systems. Attention is also


given to institutional aspects, including privatisation of irrigation services. The prime emphasis under land management shifts from technical aspects of soil inventories and conservation techniques to integrated planning and management.

146. The crops programme addresses integrated crop and grassland/pasture production systems, cropping systems biodiversity, rice-based systems, integrated pest management, desert locust control through the related component of the Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES), and the use of biotechnology. It supports the implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA), as well as seed policy and security. Increased support is provided to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides and the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade.

147. As part of a stepwise strategic reassessment of the livestock programme, priority is given to: transboundary animal disease (TAD) control through EMPRES; veterinary public health, food/feed safety and zoonoses; environmental management of insect-borne diseases, including the Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis (PAAT). Priority is also accorded to global livestock information, together with a livestock resources knowledge management facility to address increasingly intensive animal agriculture and livestock sector and policy analysis, including environmental and socio-economic impact assessment of animal agriculture.

148. The programme on agricultural support systems aims at establishing an enabling environment for farm and non-farm enterprise development and promoting entrepreneurship in agriculture, agribusiness and agricultural support services. Priority attention is given to products and services for increasing small farmer incomes, meeting urban food needs, reinforcing commercial provision of agricultural services, developing agribusiness and post-production systems, and strengthening agricultural services data and information systems.

149. The programme on agricultural applications of isotopes and biotechnology, implemented by the Joint FAO/IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Division in Vienna, has an increased focus on the use of biotechnology in crop improvement, plant protection and animal health, in close collaboration with the programmes on crops, livestock and natural resources.


150. A major presentational change, already reflected in the Medium Term Plan, is the introduction of five intra-departmental entities to address cross-cutting issues, including integrated production systems, conservation agriculture, genetic resources for food and agriculture and servicing of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), and the Committee on Agriculture (COAG).

151. While involving some expansion of activities in relatively new fields, most of the resources are simply shifted from other programmes. In addition, a sixth entity has been added (210S5) this time involving “fresh” resources in order to provide central support to the implementation of PAIAs. It is placed for administrative convenience under Major Programme 2.1, but is intended to serve the cross-sectoral objectives of the PAIAs which extend to the whole gamut of FAO’s substantive work.

152. Other noteworthy alterations to the programme structure since the Programme of Work and Budget 2000-2001, are the consolidation of constituent programme entities under Programme 2.1.1 (one less) and even more so under Programme 2.1.4 (four less), whereas under Programmes 2.1.2 and 2.1.3, it was felt opportune to give due prominence to several important areas through dedicated entities, i.e. International Rice Commission (IRC)-related activities


(212P5); the Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases (213A9); and Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development (213B1). The programme structure and/or resources for Programmes 2.1.2 and 2.1.9 are also affected by the transfer of activities previously located there to the “inter-departmental” level (CGRFA and COAG).

153. As a result of these structural changes, the aggregate resource change figures at programme level must be interpreted with caution. In fact, despite the substantial resource change shown at the whole major programme level, i.e. around US$ 4.4 million, or over six percent (net of entity 210S5 which, as stressed above, does not apply strictly to Major Programme 2.1) the net change for Programme 2.1.1 appears limited (just one percent), and even negative for Programmes 2.1.2 and 2.1.4. In fact, discounting the transfers, the underlying increases in resources are US$ 415,000 for 2.1.1, US$ 740,000 for 2.1.2, US$ 721,000 for 2.1.3, US$ 349,000 for 2.1.4 and US$ 165,000 for 2.1.5. The same caution should be exercised in interpreting the - at times very substantial - resource changes indicated at entity level in the more detailed programme level tables below.

154. The selective application of incremental resources would permit, for instance: the substantial strengthening of land and water-related information systems (211P7); additional expert groups to support the implementation of the IPPC (212P1), and recommendations on pesticide residues (212P2); formally consolidating the provisional strengthening of work on the PIC procedure and on desert locusts in the central region effected after the Programme of Work and Budget 2000-2001 was approved [in terms of new posts, this translates into two senior posts in the Plant Production and Protection Division (AGP) to cover implementation of the Rotterdam Convention and EMPRES, and one post of Secretary to Central Desert Locust Commission in the Regional Office for the Near East (RNE)]; faster implementation of verification of freedom from rinderpest (213A7) and design of animal genetic improvements schemes (213A5); coupled with greater attention to biotechnology applications under the pertinent entities. As for other major programmes, these incremental resources are also to translate into improved language coverage in publications and meetings.

155. It is also planned to augment professional capacities in other selected areas in line with identified major substantive thrusts, e.g. three junior posts in the Agricultural Support Systems Division (AGS) to complement expertise in agribusiness and rural finance development, as well as information system management; strengthening of the Regional and Sub-regional outposted teams, in particular through an agriculture officer in the Regional Office for Europe (REU) (where no such expertise existed hitherto), transfer of a meat officer to the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (RLC), a new post of animal production officer in the Sub-regional Office for Southern and East Africa (SAFR) and additional land and water posts in the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP) and RLC.

Intra-departmental Entities

(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme Entity 2000-01

Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.0.A1 Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production Systems 0 805 805

2.1.0.A2 Promotion of Conservation Agriculture 0 1,009 1,0092.1.0.P1 Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for

Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) 0 1,774 1,7742.1.0.S1 Committee on Agriculture (COAG) 0 452 4522.1.0.S2 Technical Services for Partnership Development and

Information Enhancement 0 744 7442.1.0.S5 Central Support to PAIAs 0 1,000 1,000

Total 0 5,784 5,784


210A1 – Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Production Systems

156. Objectives: to disseminate promising integrated production techniques and best management practices for several major agro-ecological zones, and ensure coordinated approaches to the intensification of production systems.

157. Biennial Outputs: website and information dissemination on integrated production systems from agro-ecosystem and thematic perspectives. Assessment of effective integrated production systems, leading to a future benchmark publication. Workshops for each regional agro-ecosystem specific pilot project. Analytical and planning tools for locally adapted technology (rice-based cropping systems). Training on economics of water management in integrated production systems of semi-arid areas in Southern Africa.

210A2 – Promotion of Conservation Agriculture

158. Objective: to achieve increased sustainable agricultural production through better land husbandry based on principles and practices of conservation agriculture.

159. Biennial Outputs: support to the wider adoption of conservation agriculture (integrated technologies including mechanisation, soil and water, crop rotations with particular reference to cover crops and animal production) through two regional networks, two regional meetings and a multilingual global database. Two major technical publications, one comprehensive training manual and a multilingual set of extension materials.

210P1 – Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA)

160. Objective: to facilitate and support the work of the Commission and attendant intergovernmental agreements.

161. Biennial Outputs: one regular session of the Commission and support to its Intergovernmental Technical Working Groups (ITWGs) on Animal and on Plant Genetic Resources, the major specialised fora for the development of agreed policy and regulatory frameworks for animal and plant genetic resources and other sectors. Support to the entry into force of the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources. Coordination with other relevant international processes. Meeting of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and Agriculture, and two publications.

210S1 – Committee on Agriculture (COAG)

162. This entity covers servicing of COAG, the Technical Committee that reports to FAO Council on Major Programmes 2.1, Agricultural Production and Support Systems, 2.2, Food and Agriculture Policy and Development, and 2.5, Contributions to Sustainable Development and Special Programme Thrusts, involving also the preparation of issue papers.

210S2 – Technical Services for Partnership Development and Information Enhancement

163. This entity covers several activities of interest to the Agriculture Department:

a) work on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD) of Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED);

b) coordinated contributions to global perspective studies, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and other partnership agreements;

c) advocacy publications and the Agriculture Department’s (AG) website.


210S5 – Central Support to PAIAs

164. As mentioned under Changes in Resources above, it is necessary to provide for catalytic resources (to be placed under this new entity, and to be centrally-administered) to support effective implementation of the PAIAs in the 2002-2003 biennium. Subject to specific criteria, these resources will be put at the disposal of the Chairpersons of coordination mechanisms to cover the cost of truly cross-sectoral activities, particularly where it would be impractical to expect cost-sharing by too many concerned units.

Programme 2.1.1: Natural Resources


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.1.A1 Agricultural Water Use Efficiency and Conservation 2,845 (237) 2,6082.1.1.A2 Land and Soil Productivity 2,423 (101) 2,3222.1.1.A3 Integrated Land, Water and Plant Nutrient Management 1,406 1,120 2,5262.1.1.A4 Waterlogging and Salinity Control, Environmental Effects

of Irrigation and Reclamation of Problem Soils 802 (802) 02.1.1.P7 Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and

Statistics 1,393 485 1,8782.1.1.P8 Knowledge Management and Partnerships 1,432 (173) 1,2592.1.1.S1 Direct Support to Member Nations and to the Field

Programme 5,166 (73) 5,0932.1.1.S2 International Programme for Technology and Research in

Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) 541 (12) 529

Total 16,008 207 16,215

211A1 – Agricultural Water Use Efficiency and Conservation

165. Objective: to promote efficient use and conservation of water in agriculture through improved irrigation and water harvesting technologies, effective water management and related water resources policy and institutional reforms.

166. Biennial Outputs: guidelines, training materials, regional seminars and networks on such subjects as: improved on-farm water control, irrigation scheduling, water harvesting, irrigation scheme modernisation and water resource valuation and demand management for irrigated agriculture. Studies on impact of water saving, crop water productivity, irrigation system performance, and on policy and institutional reform for groundwater irrigation management. Pilot projects on the provision of irrigation services through private entrepreneurs.

211A2 – Land and Soil Productivity

167. Objective: to improve soil productivity and sustainable land use through integrated plant nutrition management and soil fertility enhancement; soil management and soil and water conservation technologies; and policies and strategies for land use options, land management and fertiliser use.

168. Biennial Outputs: methodologies for assessment and monitoring of soil fertility and plant nutrients. Networks on soil productivity improvement to promote participatory diagnosis. Technical materials on management, conservation and rehabilitation of degraded and problem soils, including through participatory methods (farmer field schools). Updated FAO land evaluation framework. Information systems and other tools to plan land resources use. Support to Rio+10 processes and international conventions.


211A3 – Integrated Land, Water and Plant Nutrient Management

169. Objective: to promote an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach to land and water management, taking account of major land-water interactions.

170. Biennial Outputs: guidelines on moisture conservation in rainfed areas. Strategies, and training modules for the assessment, development and conservation of wetlands. Impact studies on wetland and lowland development. Case studies and workshops on land and water linkages in rural watersheds. Guidelines for maintenance of drainage systems and performance assessment. Technology transfer on reclamation of salt-affected soils. Case studies on health impact of water development, in close collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Meetings, training and networks on the use of land and water assessment, planning and management to mitigate natural disasters, including guidelines on adjustment to climate variability.

211P7 – Land and Water Information Systems, Databases and Statistics

171. Objective: to provide a recognised point of reference and a continuous forum for exchange of experiences, norms, data and information on the state of land and water for food and agriculture in the world.

172. Biennial Outputs: Internet-based Land and Water Information Systems including an interactive site for the Rural Water Statistical System (AQUASTAT), and contributions to the World Water Development Report. Digital map of world irrigation. Software tools to model current and future impact of water scarcity on food production. Documents using global agro-ecological zone (AEZ) applications on land degradation risks, climatic change scenarios and country analysis of land potentials and constraints.

211P8 – Knowledge Management and Partnerships

173. Objective: to provide a service and reference centre on important land, water and plant nutrition issues to guide effective planning and sound management of land and water resources and application of fertilisers.

174. Biennial Outputs: knowledge centre for land and water management to operate on an interactive basis. Support to international partnerships and initiatives, i.e. conventions, international meetings, the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Sub-committee on Water, Global Dialogue on Water, Food and Environment.

211S1 – Direct Support to Member Nations and to the Field Programme

175. This entity will support the formulation and implementation of projects including the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) and emergency and relief operations from the perspective of land and water issues. It will also support national action plans to combat desertification, the Soil Fertility Initiative (SFI) for Africa, and the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Land Use and Landscapes programme.

211S2 – International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID)

176. A joint initiative of several partner institutions, IPTRID will continue to enhance the standard of applied research and technology transfer of irrigation and drainage in developing countries through facilitation, mobilisation of expertise, analytical reports, thematic networks, formulation of policies and projects, information dissemination activities, and it will complete a study on benchmarking of irrigation systems.


Programme 2.1.2: Crops


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.2.A1 Alternative Crops and Cultivars for New Opportunities 4,025 (2,720) 1,3052.1.2.A2 Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture 558 (558) 02.1.2.A3 Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Crop and

Grassland Production Systems 1,438 2,244 3,6822.1.2.A4 EMPRES - Plant Pests Component 1,665 217 1,8822.1.2.A5 "Mainstreaming IPM" by Enhancing Essential Ecological

Processes 1,965 58 2,0232.1.2.A6 Conservation, Management and Sustainable Utilization of

Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 1,797 (1,797) 02.1.2.A7 Strengthening National Seed Production and Security

Systems 1,930 15 1,9452.1.2.A8 Facilitating Plant Production and Protection Decision

Making 1,100 (200) 9002.1.2.P1 Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention

(IPPC) 2,735 233 2,9682.1.2.P2 Pesticide Management 2,029 587 2,6162.1.2.P3 Migratory Pest Management 1,750 87 1,8372.1.2.P4 Support to the FAO Global System on Plant Genetic

Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) 2,524 282 2,8062.1.2.P5 Support to Strategy Formulation and Promotion of Specific

Action for Rice Development in Member Countries of the International Rice Commission (IRC) 0 625 625

2.1.2.S1 Advice to Countries and Support to Field Programme 1,556 111 1,667

Total 25,072 (816) 24,256

212A1 – Alternative Crops and Cultivars for New Opportunities

177. Objective: to assist countries with crop diversification options in specific ecological zones, in relation to food security and income generation targets and market opportunities.

178. Biennial Outputs: high-value cultivars tested, i.e. temperate fruit species for tropical highlands, drought-resistant species for low rainfall areas and sub-tropical fruit and nut species for the Himalayan foothills. Support to national and regional initiatives for date palm propagation and production in African drylands, and global date palm network. Promotion of cold tolerant oil palm. Newsletters and website providing information on the crop development potential of 40 under-utilised species. Identification of market opportunities for neglected ornamental plants. Training modules for vocational schools and growers on integrated greenhouse crop production and protection.

212A3 – Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Crop and Grassland Production Systems

179. Objective: to assist with strategies and integrated production technologies capable of reducing food insecurity, generating income and contributing to the sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity.

180. Biennial Outputs: plant biotechnology strategies, network and website focusing particularly on Africa. Studies, reports and information dissemination on global cassava strategies, smallholder mushroom cultivation, fodder crop strategies, rangeland development, low-input grassland systems and grassland biodiversity, and cereal-based cropping systems in


tropical savannahs. Training and workshops on improved cereals breeding and crop technologies, including participatory technology transfer for rural women and support to community-level seed multiplication enterprises. Publications on certifiable organic production of tropical fruits and vegetables, major world grasslands, transhumant systems, and youth-oriented educational material on grassland biodiversity.

212A4 – EMPRES – Plant Pests Component

181. Objective: to promote concerted efforts by donors and affected countries to prevent major desert locust upsurges through early warning, early reaction and relevant research.

182. Biennial Outputs: upgraded early warning communication systems in, and among locust-affected countries. Improved methodologies and training for locust control operations, including locust surveys, reaction to critical desert locust situations, safety to human health and environmental aspects, and coordination of research.

212A5 – “Mainstreaming IPM” by Enhancing Essential Ecological Processes

183. Objectives: to expand the number of national programmes, especially in countries covered by the SPFS, that sustainably identify, analyse and enhance essential agro-ecological processes based on local decision-making, and to facilitate related policy and institutional changes.

184. Biennial Outputs: application of practical weed population ecology (through farmers field school groups) in a range of representative agro-ecosystems. Training of plant protection and regulatory personnel on herbicide resistant crops and pilot Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods for major weeds. Population dynamics, pathosystem analyses and studies on evolution in IPM. Operational network of national IPM field programmes; case studies on successful community IPM methodologies and emerging opportunities due to demand for cleaner agricultural production.

212A7 – Strengthening National Seed Production and Security Systems

185. Objective: to promote country commitment and facilitate farmer participation in the strengthening of farmers’ seed production and supply systems, particularly within the framework of the SPFS, and with due attention to seed security.

186. Biennial Outputs: scientific and technical working group meetings of the regional seed networks and seed consultative fora. Advice to seed security consultative groups and networks, and community-based seed production enterprises, in disaster-prone areas. Guidelines and manuals on improving seed and planting material production systems, including seed biotechnology.

212A8 – Facilitating Plant Production and Protection Decision Making

187. Objective: to meet the substantial demand for technical information on seed and planting material, crop production, and plant protection.

188. Biennial Outputs: operation of the comprehensive and user-friendly system providing basic information on major global crop species, plant diseases, pests and weeds and biological control agents in cooperation with a broad range of sources and data providers, and the associated analytical database, updated with ecological information on 500 plant species.

212P1 – Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

189. Objective: to secure common action to prevent the spread and introduction of plant pests and promote measures for their control through effective implementation of the Convention, including the improvement of national capacities.


190. Biennial Outputs: two meetings of the (Interim) Commission on Phytosanitary Measures, and up to four meetings of the (Interim) standard setting committee. Up to six new international standards for phytosanitary measures. One meeting of the Asian and Pacific Plant Protection Commission. Two coordinating meetings of regional plant protection organizations. Information exchange mechanism relevant to the implementation of the Convention (subject to additional extra-budgetary resources), and technical assistance related to the implementation of international and national phytosanitary regimes.

212P2 – Pesticide Management

191. Objective: to promote sound pesticide management practices and reduction of risk to human health and the environment associated with their use.

192. Biennial Outputs: publication of the revised International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, and up to two pesticide management guidelines, to reflect new strategies in risk reduction. FAO/WHO pesticide product specifications for approximately 15 new active ingredients of pesticides. FAO/WHO joint meeting on pesticide residues. Provision, together with UNEP, of the Interim Secretariat for the Rotterdam Convention, and (subject to extra-budgetary resources) two meetings of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee and Interim Chemical Review Committee. Decision-guidance documents for substances included in PIC procedures, and information system. Subject to extra-budgetary resources: inventory of obsolete pesticide stocks in Latin America and parts of Asia; training and awareness workshops on obsolete stocks; and technical assistance aiming at replacing methyl bromide, a soil fumigant.

212P3 – Migratory Pest Management

193. Objective: to facilitate information exchange and collaboration among affected countries on migratory pests, coupled with sensitisation of the international donor community and assistance to countries affected by migratory pests.

194. Biennial Outputs: information dissemination and forecasting services, including monthly bulletins, special alerts, databases and information exchange. Technical support to countries, guidelines and methodologies on migratory pest management. Training of national survey and forecasting officers. Support to regional and sub-regional fora for discussions and decisions on common action on migratory pest control.

212P4 – Support to the FAO Global System on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)

195. Objectives: to provide advice on PGRFA at all levels and across disciplines; to optimise decision-making for their efficient management and sustainable use; and to promote exchange of information and knowledge in line with the rolling Global Plan of Action (GPA).

196. Biennial Outputs: thematic papers for the Second Report on the State of the World’s PGRFA; mechanisms to facilitate and monitor the implementation of the rolling GPA by all stakeholders. Second Session of the Intergovernmental Technical Working Group (ITWG) on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; PGRFA Networks. GPA monitoring information system as part of the World Information and Early Warning System.

212P5 – Support to Strategy Formulation and Promotion of Specific Action for Rice Development in Member Countries of the International Rice Commission (IRC)

197. Objective: to support the IRC and related cooperative action aimed at increasing the productivity and efficiency of rice production systems for the benefit of income-poor farmers and consumers, while maintaining a healthy environment for future generations.


198. Biennial Outputs: 20th Session of the IRC, meetings and workshops, along with inter-regional networks on rice, IRC Newsletters and web pages. Hybrid rice technologies, rice checks (integrated crop management) and New Rice for Africa (NERICA) initiatives for bridging sizeable yield gaps through pilot demonstration, training, and support to national programmes, particularly in the framework of the SPFS.

212S1 – Advice to Countries and Support to Field Programme

199. This entity will be involved with active support to the field programme including pertinent SPFS components.

Programme 2.1.3: Livestock


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.3.A3 Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation 1,899 114 2,0132.1.3.A5 Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of

Farm Animal Genetic Resources 1,720 214 1,9342.1.3.A6 Veterinary Public Health Management and Food and Feed

Safety 1,406 (192) 1,2142.1.3.A7 EMPRES - Livestock 2,334 496 2,8302.1.3.A8 Technologies and Systems for Efficient Natural Resource

Use in Livestock Production 3,888 (1,128) 2,7602.1.3.A9 Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases 0 898 8982.1.3.B1 Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development 0 888 8882.1.3.P1 Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge

Framework 2,997 (1,057) 1,9402.1.3.S1 Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field

Programme 2,630 397 3,027

Total 16,874 630 17,504

213A3 – Contribution of Livestock to Poverty Alleviation

200. Objective: to provide decision-makers, including Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and bilateral agencies, with the basis to exploit the potential of livestock for improving the livelihood of rural poor.

201. Biennial Outputs: updated information, analyses and interpretation of technical options and trends, codes of conduct, best management practices, and impact assessments for decision makers (governments, NGOs, bilateral agencies and producer associations), covering small-scale and emerging low-input production systems, including those in fragile ecosystems.

213A5 – Developing the Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources

202. Objectives: to guide the development and implementation at country, regional and global levels, of a strategic framework, and to establish the various components of the Global Strategy.

203. Biennial Outputs: support to technical focal points at country and regional levels; upgrade of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS); assistance to countries for the Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources. Review of strategic priority actions, including stakeholders meeting. Third session of the ITWG on


Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR). Early warning and reaction system, guidelines, training kits and updated global AnGR databank.

213A6 – Veterinary Public Health Management and Food and Feed Safety

204. Objective: to develop and promote efficient veterinary public health structures and functions through strengthening of relevant institutions.

205. Biennial Outputs: principles for sustainable veterinary public health systems and cost-effective control of selected zoonotic diseases. Analysis of zoonoses status globally, and formulation of regional strategies. Risk assessment procedures for traditional and new public health challenges, and guidelines for risk management and precautionary measures. Validated quality control mechanisms for use in livestock production, processing and distribution.

213A7 – EMPRES – Livestock

206. Objective: to promote the effective containment and control of the major epidemic and newly-emerging livestock diseases by their progressive elimination on a regional and global basis through international cooperation involving early warning, rapid reaction, and enabling research and coordination.

207. Biennial Outputs: procedures for regional and global verification of rinderpest freedom under Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP). Increased number of functional early warning systems for the major epidemic diseases of livestock at national, regional and global levels. Contingency planning and strategic analysis of animal disease emergencies to support early reaction systems in a number of countries. Application of biotechnology to diagnosis, strategic epidemiological analysis and vaccine development for major epidemic diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), rinderpest (RP), peste des petits ruminants (PPR), and African swine fever (ASF). Coordinated strategies for regional control of priority epidemic diseases, especially in Near East and South Asia.

213A8 – Technologies and Systems for Efficient Natural Resource Use in Livestock Production

208. Objective: to facilitate widespread adoption of decision-support frameworks for meeting the challenges of the “Livestock Revolution”, and novel technical and procedural approaches to livestock intensification and product processing.

209. Biennial Outputs: policy and regulatory frameworks, and related technologies, to address environmental issues in intensive integrated farming systems and in the area-wide integration of crop and livestock production. Technical publication on sustainable intensive livestock production. Strategies for the delivery of integrated veterinary and livestock services. Technology transfer and validation for the sustainable control of parasitic diseases; and networking for broad expert input and wide dissemination. Studies, publications and technical consultations on food and feed safety, livestock feeds, livestock products, intensive pasture-based systems, and managing genetic resources in intensive livestock systems.

213A9 – Environmental Management of Insect Borne Diseases

210. Objective: to support insect-borne diseases control through monitoring and clarifying changes in disease transmission levels, and the development of strategies for intervention and concerted regional action.

211. Biennial Outputs: monitoring of changes in disease transmission levels; strategies for intervention and support to concerted regional action. Identification, design, and formulation of disease intervention and management programmes, scientific guidance through the Panel of Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis (PAAT) Advisory Group coordinators and a conducive policy environment in the PAAT Committee.


213B1 – Livestock Sector Analysis and Strategy Development

212. Objective: to facilitate economically – and ecologically – efficient and safe livestock farming, while enhancing social objectives (poverty alleviation).

213. Biennial Outputs: assessment of the impact of the Livestock Revolution, focusing on external costs and benefits, complemented by country case studies and methodology development at different scales. Strategies that address the Livestock Revolution – public goods interface, covering general principles and specific regional, national and sub-national approaches.

213P1 – Global Livestock Information System and Knowledge Framework

214. Objective: to collate, analyse, synthesise and disseminate information and develop tools for livestock policy analysis and methodologies for policy formulation.

215. Biennial Outputs: website supporting the Global Livestock Knowledge Framework, coupled with electronic conferences, publications, a peer-reviewed scientific journal (AGRIPPA), technical papers and manuals. Global Livestock Information System (GLIS) providing baseline information on livestock sector resources, animal production, environment, animal and public health, as well as socio-economic aspects of livestock production.

213S1 – Advice to Member Countries and Support to the Field Programme

216. This entity includes considerable technical support to the SPFS and to emergency and relief operation projects.

Programme 2.1.4: Agricultural Support Systems


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.4.A1 Enhancing Small Farmer Livelihoods 1,508 963 2,4712.1.4.A2 Meeting Urban Food Needs 1,395 379 1,7742.1.4.A3 Sustainable Commercial Provision of Input Supply,

Mechanisation, Investment Support and Marketing Services 1,385 394 1,7792.1.4.A4 Agribusiness Development 978 1,457 2,4352.1.4.A5 Agricultural Services - Data and Information Systems 1,074 815 1,8892.1.4.A6 Farm Economics and Decision Support 844 (844) 02.1.4.A7 Agricultural Engineering, Ergonomics and the Environment 435 (435) 02.1.4.A8 Agricultural Marketing and Rural Finance Support Products

and Outreach 1,416 (1,416) 02.1.4.P1 Small-scale Agro-industries and Post-harvest Systems

Analysis 1,109 (1,109) 02.1.4.S1 Field Programme Support and Advisory Services to

Countries 5,038 (219) 4,819

Total 15,182 (15) 15,167

214A1 – Enhancing Small Farmer Livelihoods

217. Objective: to improve small farmers’ livelihoods, and in particular their incomes and competitiveness through guidance on supportive policies, opportunities for increasing farm income, improvement of farmers’ management skills, and strengthening farmer advisory and support services.


218. Biennial Outputs: publications on key aspects to small farmers’ livelihoods, e.g. diversification, export-oriented production following trade liberalisation, opportunities for increasing farm income, and farmers’ management skills. Support to apiculture and sericulture. Guides on farm economics for field agents, enterprise investment plans, mobilisation of funds and farmer utilisation of market information services. Technical advice to countries.

214A2 – Meeting Urban Food Needs

219. Objective: to provide the basis for government and municipal authorities to identify changes needed in order to improve the efficiency of food supply and distribution operations to, and within, urban areas.

220. Biennial Outputs: information and training material, and workshops on the roles of city and local authorities to improve food supply and distribution systems, including rural/urban-marketing linkages. Advice on small-scale agro-industries suitable for meeting urban food needs and more generally on sustainable urban and peri-urban agriculture. Publications and handbook on farm management and investment for peri-urban farming.

214A3 – Sustainable Commercial Provision of Input Supply, Mechanisation, Investment Support and Marketing Services

221. Objective: to support improved performance of the agricultural sector, through increased efficiency of input-output systems and the private and government services pertaining thereto.

222. Biennial Outputs: strategies and training for enhanced input supply and financing modalities for small farmers. Economic and policy studies on farmer access to services and impacts on farm resource use and productivity. Guidelines on marketing strategy formulation in response to growing globalisation of trade, and for increased private sector participation. Publications and training of MicroBanker users and support personnel.

214A4 – Agribusiness Development

223. Objective: to enhance the integration of production, processing, packaging, transport and storage of marketable commodities and value-added products from the farm through to the consumer, and to support entrepreneurs in rural and peri-urban agribusiness development.

224. Biennial Outputs: training packages for entrepreneurs in agribusiness and guidelines on loan finance. Support to awareness campaigns on food safety issues in food processing and marketing. Appropriate technologies for agro-industries and post-harvest management, and expert consultations. Assessment of training requirements for contract negotiation and compliance, and post-production constraints analysis in selected countries.

214A5 – Agricultural Services – Data and Information Systems

225. Objective: to collect and disseminate up-to-date information as relates to key agricultural services.

226. Biennial Outputs: databases and information systems covering: farm power and mechanisation; the AgriBank-Stat database; the Information Network on Post-Harvest Operations (INPhO), including website; Farm and Farming Systems Database (INFARM) website for farm-related data, information and technical support. Publication on farm data systems design, technical support and training for farm data collection and integrated economic and environmental accounting.

214S1 – Field Programme Support and Advisory Services to Countries


227. Besides covering the broad range of disciplines under Programme 2.1.4, this entity is to provide substantial inputs to emergency projects.

Programme 2.1.5: Agricultural Applications ofIsotopes and Biotechnology


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.5.A1 Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building 2,345 (249) 2,096

2.1.5.A2 Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building for Mitigation of Constraints and Risks 1,589 169 1,758

2.1.5.P1 Capacity Building and Risk Analysis Methodologies for Compliance with Food Safety Standards and Pesticide Control and Strengthened Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures through Irradiation of Food and Agricultural Commodities 1,755 56 1,811

Total 5,689 (24) 5,665

215A1 – Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building

228. Objective: to develop and disseminate improved techniques, products and practices for constraint and risk assessment, prevention and mitigation to be used by National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and plant protection authorities and transferred to extension services, NGOs and farmers.

229. Biennial Outputs: methodologies and manuals for estimating contribution of organic matter sources to plant nutrition; measuring soil water; implementing low-cost tissue culture technology; molecular characterisation of genes controlling traits for seed crop improvement; and calibration of insect sterilisation and quality controlling mass reared fruit flies. Databases on officially released crop mutant varieties and radiation doses for insect sterilisation. Thematic and regional networks. Information, training, analytical and laboratory proficiency testing services, and genetic sexing of insect strains provided to Members; technical services for the International Rice Commission.

215A2 – Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems through Technologies and Capacity Building for Mitigation of Constraints and Risks

230. Objective: to develop and disseminate improved techniques and practices for constraint and risk assessment and management, to be used by NARS and transferred to livestock production and veterinary authorities, extension services, NGOs and livestock owners.

231. Biennial Outputs: methodologies and manuals on improving utilisation of tanniferous tree foliage as livestock feed; molecular-based diagnosis of EMPRES livestock diseases; upgrading and automating tsetse mass rearing for area-wide Sterile Insect Technique (SIT); cost effective application of Newcastle disease vaccination in village poultry. Regional and inter-regional networks. Feasibility studies and projects on early warning and surveillance of TADs and controlling vector-borne diseases, including training courses and workshops. Insect strains provided to mass rearing facilities, proficiency testing services to veterinary laboratories.


215P1 – Capacity Building and Risk Analysis Methodologies for Compliance with Food Safety Standards and Pesticide Control and Strengthened Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures through Irradiation of Food and Agricultural Commodities

232. Objectives: to foster strengthened capacities, within national food and pesticides control laboratories, to implement risk analysis procedures for food contaminants and residues and compliance with pesticide standards. To promote safe use of food irradiation, thereby facilitating trade.

233. Biennial Outputs: guidelines on quality assurance parameters for method validation and determining uncertainty of analytical results for compliance with Codex maximum residue limits (MRLs) and simple methods for determining pesticide residues and mycotoxins. Projects and training courses on food irradiation, analytical methods, and laboratory accreditation for residues and contaminants covered by Codex, as well as technical advice to Codex and other bodies. Information dissemination, FAO/IAEA Training and Reference Centre on Food and Pesticide Control, the International Food Contaminant and Residue Information System (INFOCRIS). Databases on approval of irradiated food and irradiation facilities.

Programme 2.1.9: Programme Management


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.1.9.S1 Departmental Direction 3,607 (629) 2,9782.1.9.S2 Divisional Direction 2,963 30 2,9932.1.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional Direction 3,977 420 4,397

Total 10,547 (179) 10,368

234. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (AGD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (AGDP), the offices of the division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to this major programme.

Major Programme 2.2: Food and Agriculture Policy and Development(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

2.2.1 Nutrition 17,050 562 17,612 19%2.2.2 Food and Agricultural Information 34,166 1,792 35,958 39%2.2.3 Food and Agricultural Monitoring, Assessments

and Outlooks 12,897 973 13,870 15%2.2.4 Agriculture, Food Security and Trade Policy 14,194 692 14,886 16%2.2.9 Programme Management 8,740 346 9,086 10%

Total 87,047 4,365 91,412 100%


235. This major programme is implemented mainly by the Economic and Social Department (ES) and associated regional teams, whereas the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) and other activities of the Library and Documentation Systems Division (GIL) are included under Programme 2.2.2. The main substantive thrusts were enunciated in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007, and are briefly recalled below.


236. Building on its strong information dissemination and analytical dimensions, the major programme is to address in the first instance the insufficient speed of progress in combating hunger and malnutrition. Secondly, it plays a significant role in ensuring greater participation of developing countries in the formulation of a rules-based food and agricultural trading system. Thirdly, it contributes to an extremely important goal of the whole membership, i.e. ensuring improved quality and safety of foods.

237. This context translates into key priorities, as listed below:

a) Raising awareness of the benefits of combating hunger, reducing malnutrition and identifying priority action areas, particularly through the preparation of the mid-term review of the World Food Summit (WFS) Plan of Action in 2006, including data collection, studies and reports.

b) Identification and targeting of the food insecure, through further development of the Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS) in collaboration with FIVIMS partners, and by assisting countries in regularly and systematically identifying, enumerating and locating the food insecure and vulnerable people. This is to be supplemented by global and regional reporting through the State of Food Insecurity in the World (SOFI), now a fully-fledged addition to FAO’s major assessment reports.

c) Sustainable improvement in nutritional well-being through a combination of: community-based actions to address local causes of malnutrition; improvement of nutritional benefits arising from national and sectoral policies and programmes; support to civil society institutions to help create the conditions for poor householders to acquire sufficient food and utilise it most effectively; and enhanced education and public information for dietary improvement and nutritional well-being.

d) Promoting food safety and consumer protection, thereby addressing concerns about food-borne diseases in many areas of the world. This includes improvement and international harmonisation of risk analysis; objective information about incidents and food safety hazards; support to food safety at national and international levels in close cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO), particularly through Codex; and regional and global food safety conferences. Particular emphasis is given to: risk analysis of foods derived from biotechnologies, microbiological contaminants, and the establishment of a Food Safety Rapid Alert and Crisis Management System.

e) Facilitating the integration of developing countries in international markets, especially to assist countries seeking to enhance their agricultural performance through improved domestic and trade policies, and to enable them to participate as well-informed and equal partners in multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) on agriculture.

f) Improving preparedness and response to food emergencies, through further refinement of the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS), and by incorporating nutrition considerations and assessments.

g) Improving quality and coverage of statistical data as well as access to FAO’s data by electronic means. Part of this effort is to assist countries in enhancing the compilation of agricultural statistics, within the integrated framework for the preparation of agricultural sector accounts and food and agricultural indicators.

h) Pursuing the expansion of WAICENT as a truly integrated corporate information dissemination instrument at the service of Members, harnessing the potential of fast-changing information and communication technologies (ICTs). The programme extends to strengthening national capacities for management and dissemination of FAO information, with the proactive participation of Member Nations deciding policies on information management issues. The new WAICENT Outreach initiative will seek to expand knowledge exchange and information systems available to stakeholders associated with agricultural development and food security, and to mobilise national resources.



238. In response to the above priorities, as already reflected in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007, a number of changes to the underlying programme structure are introduced:

a) under Programme 2.2.1, the principal innovations being two new entities envisaged to be of a continuing nature, i.e. 221P6, Food Safety Assessment and Rapid Alert System, and 221P7, Public Information about Nutrition, Food Quality and Safety, whereas the remainder of entities under the same programme are also rearranged, e.g. through separate identification of work related to emergencies (221A6);

b) under Programme 2.2.2, a special effort is to be made for the Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data Quality (new technical project 222A4), while the hitherto large entities dealing with WAICENT and the Virtual Library are broken down into more manageable and homogeneous components, including Facilitation of WAICENT Outreach (222P8); and

c) some realignment between Programmes 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 through limited resource transfers is also made, while a new technical project will cover the mandated Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS Target (224A3)

239. As regards resources, the overall net increase provided for the major programme would translate into differentiated net increases to the four constituent programmes, with Programme 2.2.2 evidencing the highest change (over 8 percent) and Programme 2.2.3 a close second (over 7 percent), while more limited increments are possible for the other two substantive programmes. This would in particular greatly facilitate the more-balanced use of FAO languages (specifically contemplated in several areas, including Codex, Global Perspective Studies, market intelligence and reports, trade information, where budgetary constraints had hitherto inhibited sufficient progress to be made). It may also be noted that the special entity introduced in the 2000-2001 biennium, 222P5, Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage, is proposed to be maintained in the 2002-2003 biennium, with a slight increase.

240. Besides the above-mentioned substantial improvements in language coverage, examples of activities which would particularly benefit from the impact of increased resource levels may be given as follows:

a) under Programme 2.2.1, training and direct assistance to countries for addressing the nutrition aspects of emergencies and biotechnology-related food safety assessments (221P5);

b) under Programme 2.2.2, start-up support to national FIVIMS in a larger number of countries (222A1), the new entity for statistical quality improvement (222A4), a more effective consultative mechanism (Consultation on Agricultural Information Management - COAIM) under 222S2 and strengthening of WAICENT tools under other GIL entities;

c) under Programme 2.2.3, an increased number of crop and food supply assessment missions for the GIEWS, an area chronically affected by resource constraints; and

d) under Programme 2.2.4, a more ample range of analytical studies and data collection efforts under the new entity 224A3 for the Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS Target; and

e) the technical service agreements entities which, unless specified below, are devoted to direct advisory services to Members and support to the Field Programme, are also to be reinforced.

241. The filling of critical gaps in expertise would also be possible, e.g. new posts in the Food and Nutrition Division (ESN) dealing with food safety (microbiology), nutrition in emergencies and impact of biotechnology; two new Statistician posts in the regions; and a new post of Trade Economist (multilateral trade negotiations – MTN) in the Commodities and Trade


Division (ESC). GIL would also be able to strengthen its professional capacity with several junior posts of Technical Information Specialists.

Programme 2.2.1: Nutrition


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.2.1.A1 Human Nutrition Requirements 1,275 (211) 1,0642.2.1.A2 Nutrition Improvement for Sustainable Development 2,534 (744) 1,7902.2.1.A4 Strengthening Community Action to Improve Household

Food Security and Reduce Malnutrition 3,534 (2,270) 1,2642.2.1.A5 Food and Nutrition Education, Communications and

Training 0 1,089 1,0892.2.1.A6 Nutrition and Household Food Security in Emergencies 0 758 7582.2.1.P1 Food Composition (INFOODS) 0 729 7292.2.1.P2 Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex

Alimentarius) 5,500 (667) 4,8332.2.1.P5 Food Quality Control and Consumer Protection 3,098 (536) 2,5622.2.1.P6 Food Safety Assessment and Rapid Alert System 0 1,581 1,5812.2.1.P7 Public Information about Nutrition, Food Quality and

Safety 0 390 3902.2.1.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the

Field Programme 1,109 443 1,552

Total 17,050 562 17,612

221A1 – Human Nutrition Requirements

242. Objective: to update estimates of human nutrition requirements for use by Members in national policy formulation.

243. Biennial Outputs: technical papers on determination and calculation of energy, protein and vitamin A requirements; expert consultations and publications on nutrition requirements; manuals and software incorporating new data on nutrition requirements.

221A2 – Nutrition Improvement for Sustainable Development

244. Objective: to reduce nutritional deficiencies and improve nutritional well being through assistance in the implementation of national plans of action.

245. Biennial Outputs: regional and sub-regional workshops to foster effective use of guidelines for: implementation of national plans of action for nutrition; targeting of nutrition interventions; policy advocacy for nutrition improvement; and introduction of nutrition considerations into agricultural research. Guidelines on government support for community-driven nutrition improvement, and on strategic alliances in the alleviation of urban malnutrition.

221A4 – Strengthening Community Action to Improve Household Food Security and Reduce Malnutrition

246. Objective: to foster inter-sectoral, community-based programmes and improve household food security and nutrition in both urban and rural areas.

247. Biennial Outputs: guidelines and direct assistance to countries for effective participatory community-based programmes for year-round access to, and consumption of nutritionally-adequate diets; training and workshops to strengthen national and local capacity


for household food security and nutrition programmes; exchange of information and lessons learned on household food security and community nutrition among nutrition practitioners, including through an interactive website.

221A5 – Food and Nutrition Education, Communication and Training

248. Objective: to strengthen capacities of national and local institutions for effective nutrition education and communication programmes and activities.

249. Biennial Outputs: methodologies, training materials, direct assistance, workshops and training for promoting nutrition education in schools, and nutrition education and communication for the public.

221A6 – Nutrition and Household Food Security in Emergencies

250. Objective: to assist all stakeholders concerned in taking due account of nutrition aspects in emergency preparedness, response and rehabilitation.

251. Biennial Outputs: guidelines and training materials for incorporating household food security and nutrition considerations into emergency preparedness, response and rehabilitation. Local capacity building to deal with nutrition concerns in natural disasters and other emergencies. Direct support to countries to address nutrition in emergency situations and strengthen mechanisms for coordinated interventions.

221P1 – Food Composition (INFOODS)

252. Objective: to assist countries in updating, disseminating and using food composition data.

253. Biennial Outputs: food composition data for global assessments of the nutritional status of individuals and populations; standards for, and harmonisation of, food composition data; regional and national food composition tables and databases; international food composition training workshops conducted with regional training institutions; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis; interactive database for the promotion of local foods; organisation of an international Food Data Conference.

221P2 – Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme (Codex Alimentarius)

254. Objective: to develop, disseminate and maintain international science-based food standards and related instruments, to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade, for use by governments and as the reference in bilateral, regional or international agreements.

255. Biennial Outputs: food standards, guidelines and other recommendations for consumer protection and trade, with due attention to increased use of FAO languages. International policies and principles for food standardisation to include risk assessment policies for food safety.

221P5 – Food Quality Control and Consumer Protection

256. Objective: to promote the establishment and operation of national regulatory frameworks compatible with international requirements, and food control systems and programmes at national and local levels that ensure food quality and safety throughout the food chain.

257. Biennial Outputs: harmonisation of national food control regulations with Codex. Support to national policies, instruments and mechanisms for the use and application of international food standards, national food quality and safety assurance systems and


programmes. Risk communication and consumer awareness through workshops, publications and regional/ global food safety conferences. Scientific evaluation and nutritional and safety assessment of foods derived from biotechnology; related advice to Codex and countries.

221P6 – Food Safety Assessment and Rapid Alert System

258. Objective: to provide scientific assessments of food safety and related guidance to the Codex Alimentarius Commission and to countries, and global access to information and data on food quality and safety.

259. Biennial Outputs: scientific safety evaluations of food additives, contaminants, and processes such as biotechnology. Risk assessment through dietary intake studies. Database on food additives and contaminants. Food Safety Rapid Alert and Crisis Management System.

221P7 – Public Information about Nutrition, Food Quality and Safety

260. Objective: to provide to a variety of users current, relevant and readable technical information on nutrition and food control, in both print and electronic form.

261. Biennial Outputs: the Journal of Food, Nutrition and Agriculture; FAO website on food and nutrition.

Programme 2.2.2: Food and Agricultural Information


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.2.2.A1 Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS) 3,664 408 4,072

2.2.2.A2 FAO/World Bank/USDA Initiative for Agricultural Statistics in Africa 466 (57) 409

2.2.2.A3 FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System 200 238 4382.2.2.A4 Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data

Quality 0 916 9162.2.2.A5 World Agriculture Information Resource System (WAIR) 181 301 4822.2.2.P1 Agricultural Resources and Income Statistics 3,201 (585) 2,6162.2.2.P2 Agricultural Production, Trade Statistics and Food Balance

Sheets 5,398 (249) 5,1492.2.2.P3 Agricultural Statistics Development 2,031 (185) 1,8462.2.2.P5 Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage 2,025 111 2,1362.2.2.P6 WAICENT Corporate Information Management and

Dissemination Systems 8,311 (3,983) 4,3282.2.2.P7 Document Repository and Electronic Publishing Systems,

and Integrated Documentation Activities 0 3,310 3,3102.2.2.P8 Facilitation of WAICENT Outreach 0 1,742 1,7422.2.2.P9 Virtual Library Information Services 6,223 (1,796) 4,4272.2.2.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the

Field Programme 1,024 528 1,5522.2.2.S2 Assistance to Countries in Capacity Building for Agriculture

and Food Information through WAICENT 1,442 1,093 2,535

Total 34,166 1,792 35,958


222A1 – Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS)

262. Objective: to provide accurate and timely information (including mapping) on the incidence, nature and causes of food insecurity and vulnerability, as a key input to the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes to achieve the goals of the WFS and other international conferences.

263. Biennial Outputs: support to the Inter-agency Working Group (IAWG); support to FIVIMS start-up in a large number of countries including dissemination of tool kits and support to networks; collaborative use of sub-national information and mapping in the context of national assessments and planning exercises; food insecurity and vulnerability assessment methodologies, indicators and related monitoring reports; nutritional anthropometry and dietary assessments; estimates of prevalence of under-nourishment, food consumption and income statistics stemming from household surveys.

222A2 – FAO/World Bank/USDA Initiative for Agricultural Statistics in Africa

264. Objectives: to generate timely food and agricultural data for improved sectoral planning and monitoring, and to evaluate performance of the agricultural sector in Africa.

265. Biennial Outputs: country data needs assessments; framework documents for the development of integrated statistical systems; data harmonisation, storage and dissemination, project documents for external assistance.

222A3 – FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System

266. Objective: to integrate the different FAO thematic and statistical databases on country-based information to provide complete country profiles for assessment of the state of food and agriculture.

267. Biennial Outputs: phase one development of an integrated and streamlined environment for the gathering and storage of country-based technical information, and country profiles and mapping data, together with relevant storage and retrieval tools.

222A4 – Systematic Evaluation and Improvement of Statistical Data Quality

268. Objectives: to improve data series and to document data quality aspects.

269. Biennial Outputs: improved statistics on land use, irrigated areas, fertilisers, farm machinery and pesticides, and data on agricultural production and trade. Enhanced methodology for filling data gaps for non-responding countries. More complete documentation of national methods to estimate official production, trade and input statistics, and of FAO estimation procedures for non-reporting countries. Methodological material on quality of data from national agricultural censuses and surveys.

222A5 – World Agriculture Information Resource System (WAIR)

270. Objective: to establish networks of authoritative information providers in agriculture, agriculture-related sectors, and agricultural research and development, thereby ensuring multiplier effects to FAO’s own dissemination efforts.

271. Biennial Outputs: phase one development of the WAICENT “Resource Finder”, a global search engine for organising and linking information pertinent to FAO’s work on food security and sustainable agricultural development. Applications to allow organised data exchange between networks of institutions.


222P1 – Agricultural Resources and Income Statistics

272. Objective: to provide consistent and up-to-date data series and indicators on land use, agricultural inputs, prices, income, economic accounts and related environmental concerns.

273. Biennial Outputs: databases on agricultural resources and inputs, including two volumes of the Fertiliser Yearbook; updated databases on agricultural income, investment and price statistics; regular Summary of World Food and Agricultural Statistics and related country profiles; demographic estimates and projections in collaboration with partner agencies and gender profiles of agricultural households.

222P2 – Agricultural Production and Trade Statistics and Food Balance Sheets

274. Objective: to provide consistent and up-to-date statistics on agricultural production, trade and Food Balance Sheets (FBS) for the purpose of assessing, analysing and monitoring the food and agricultural situation.

275. Biennial Outputs: agricultural production statistics, including two volumes of the Production Yearbook and two volumes of the Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics. Updated data on international trade statistics, including two volumes of the Trade Yearbook. Supply/Utilization Accounts (SUA) and FBS and related methodological documents. Guidelines on the compilation of food and agricultural data and preparation of related sectoral/environmental indicators and accounts. Training on compilation of food and agricultural statistics.

222P3 – Agricultural Statistics Development

276. Objective: to enhance national capacities to produce harmonised and improved basic data, including appropriate gender disaggregation, and to facilitate countries’ access to these data.

277. Biennial Outputs: studies on agricultural censuses and probability sampling, including gender issues; review of the World Census of Agriculture publications; database on census methodologies and key results; training materials on applied survey methods, support to national systems and related guidelines for integrated systems; bulletin board on data collection dissemination and quality.

222P5 – Programme for the Improvement of Language Coverage

278. Objective: to improve language balance, including by meeting important gaps in coverage and support of Internet links, CD-ROMs and publications in non-FAO languages.

279. Biennial Outputs: tools and system enhancements to improve language balance in FAO’s Internet site in particular, and to facilitate production of multiple language versions of publications and CD-ROMs; filling of gaps in language coverage (publications, audio-visual products, meeting documents and interpretation services) during implementation of FAO programmes; publications in Chinese (in cooperation with national authorities) and in local (non-FAO) languages.

222P6 – WAICENT Corporate Information Management and Dissemination Systems

280. Objective: to maintain and enhance FAO information systems and systems tools, and support their continued expansion to put FAO’s store of knowledge at the service of agricultural development and food security.

281. Biennial Outputs: enhanced indexing and search capabilities of the FAO website; corporate databases including FAO Information Database (FAOINFO) and maintenance of the Organization’s Intranet; multilingual environments to facilitate access to WAICENT information through Internet and CD-ROM technologies; tools, guidelines and procedures to


adjust and expand published content dynamically using current and new Internet technologies; support to thematic information systems.

222P7 – Document Repository and Electronic Publishing Systems, and Integrated Documentation Activities

282. Objective: to enable Members and the community of users at large to benefit from an organised and up-to-date repository of full-text, multilingual documents for consultation and printing on demand.

283. Biennial Outputs: integrated publishing workflow management system to efficiently generate information in various media (documents, Internet, CD-ROM); FAO document repository, providing full-text versions of FAO documents and publications; upgraded documentation standards utilising the international Multilingual Thesaurus of Agricultural Terminology (AGROVOC) and maintenance of FAO catalogues to strengthen information retrieval tools; support to decentralised networks of national documentation centres: the International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS) and the Current Agricultural Research Information System (CARIS).

222P8 – Facilitation of WAICENT Outreach

284. Objective: to make WAICENT’s store of knowledge and related information systems widely available to Member Nations and to other stakeholders including institutions associated with agricultural development and food security.

285. Biennial Outputs: adaptation of WAICENT applications and tools with content and databases, and use of information exchange systems: Virtual Extension Research Communication Networks (VERCON), and Farm Information Networks (FARMNet), to meet the specific information management requirements of national agricultural systems; conceptual frameworks, methodologies and training material (Information Management Resource Kit), including distance-learning materials and impact assessment indicators.

222P9 – Virtual Library Information Services

286. Objective: to facilitate access to the wealth of FAO’s information on agriculture and agriculture-related fields, through substantive multi-media collection (Virtual Library).

287. Biennial Outputs: enhancement of FAO’s multiple media resource and document master collections (including completion of digitisation of priority works and heritage library catalogues of special collections); full-text document delivery services and customised, targeted information research services; support to a global integrated library network (World-wide Network of Agricultural Libraries – AGLINET) and library exchange agreements for shared access to agricultural documentation and specialised information resources.

222S1 – Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme

288. This entity covers provision of direct advisory services to Members’ statistical meetings, support to the field programme and to cross-sectoral activities in the Organization.

222S2 – Assistance to Countries in Capacity Building for Agriculture and Food Information through WAICENT

289. This entity covers primarily technical assistance to national information centres (AGRIS/CARIS among others), regional cooperation through decentralized Information Management Specialist posts, and the biennial Consultation on Agricultural Information Management (COAIM), a major intergovernmental forum which reports to FAO’s Governing Bodies.


Programme 2.2.3: Food and Agricultural Monitoring,Assessments and Outlooks


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.2.3.A1 Global Perspective Studies 1,358 (83) 1,2752.2.3.P2 The State of Food and Agriculture 1,101 77 1,1782.2.3.P3 Market Assessments for Basic Food Commodities and

Impact on Global Food Security 1,252 295 1,5472.2.3.P4 Projections and Global Commodity Analyses 1,023 (34) 9892.2.3.P5 Market Assessments and Food Security Reports for

Tropical, Horticultural and Raw Material Commodities 1,692 363 2,0552.2.3.P6 Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and

Agriculture 6,099 171 6,2702.2.3.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the

Field Programme 372 184 556

Total 12,897 973 13,870

223A1 – Global Perspective Studies

290. Objective: to provide a well-informed long-term perspective on world food, nutrition and agriculture, including issues of technology and natural resource use in agriculture.

291. Biennial Outputs: full report of the Study: “Agriculture: Towards 2015/30” and a shorter and more popular version. New analytical framework for making projections and undertaking scenario analysis. Contributions to non-FAO long-term assessments, as required.

223P2 – The State of Food and Agriculture

292. Objective: to inform Members, and the international community at large, in a timely and regular fashion on major events, trends and issues in food, agriculture and food security.

293. Biennial Outputs: State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) annual publications in hard copy and on the Internet, addressing global and regional food and agricultural situations; thematic reports on important and timely issues; a CD-ROM containing statistical data for users’ convenience; technical documentation for meetings of FAO Governing Bodies.

223P3 – Market Assessment for Basic Food Commodities and Impact on Global Food Security

294. Objective: to provide up-to-date data, information and assessments related to global market developments of basic food commodities.

295. Biennial Outputs: commodity market reports in both printed and electronic form; medium-term projections for basic foodstuffs; integrated databases for oilseeds, oils and meals, meat and dairy products, roots, tubers and pulses; analytical models to conduct short-term market analysis of basic foodstuffs. Two editions of the Food Policies Review and three/four Intergovernmental Groups (IGGs) inter-sessional market reports. Market-based global food security indicators for the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) and FIVIMS. Monitoring of food import bills of food-deficit developing countries and food aid flows and servicing of the Consultative Sub-committee on Surplus Disposal (CSSD). Training on market monitoring of key food commodities.


223P4 – Projections and Global Commodity Analyses

296. Objective: to enable national institutions and industries, and other international organizations, to recognise and take into account the forces and underlying trends which agricultural policies have failed to solve or may have aggravated.

297. Biennial Outputs: analytical studies on overall commodity markets and trade, including the Commodity Market Review, in both printed and electronic form; medium-term agricultural commodity projections to 2010; software and manuals on the revised FAO World Food Model; training on projection methodology.

223P5 – Market Assessments and Food Security Reports for Tropical, Horticultural and Raw Material Commodities

298. Objective: to enable national governments, development agencies, the commercial sector and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) to have access to, and take into account, a wide range of information regarding market developments and prospects for tropical, horticultural and raw material products.

299. Biennial Outputs: Commodity market intelligence systems for tropical, horticultural and raw materials commodities, including electronic collection and dissemination; commodity market reports and short- and medium-term forecasts; an electronic price monitor for tropical, horticultural and raw material commodities; key indicators for analysing the impact of export price changes on food security and system to monitor the impact of export earnings on food security.

223P6 – Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture

300. Objectives: to monitor the crop and food supply/demand situation throughout the world and to provide special alerts and early warnings on impending food emergencies to governments and the international community at large, so as to facilitate timely action to prevent loss of life or minimise human suffering.

301. Biennial Outputs: regular reports – Food Outlook, Food Crops and Shortages, Food Supply Situation and Crop Prospects in Sub-Saharan Africa, Sahel Weather and Crop Situation Reports; special alerts and country-level assessments of food crop and food supply and demand situations; analysis of emergency food aid requests from governments; improved electronic dissemination of GIEWS reports and extension of data coverage in GIEWS to sub-national level. Development and maintenance of integrated food supply and demand databases.


Programme 2.2.4: Agriculture, Food Security and Trade Policy


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.2.4.A1 World Food Summit Monitoring and Follow-up 796 (254) 5422.2.4.A2 Commodity and Trade Policy Support to Developing

Countries for Trade Negotiations 1,749 (792) 9572.2.4.A3 Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS

Target 0 1,012 1,0122.2.4.P1 Agricultural Adjustment and Policy Reforms 1,860 (221) 1,6392.2.4.P2 Contribution of Agriculture to Poverty Alleviation, Rural

Development and Food Security 1,900 (345) 1,5552.2.4.P3 Economics of Natural Resources and Environmental

Sustainability 437 1 4382.2.4.P4 International Action on Commodity and Trade Issues 3,817 1,328 5,1452.2.4.P5 Measures to Enhance Commodity and Trade Development 1,615 (308) 1,3072.2.4.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the

Field Programme 2,020 271 2,291

Total 14,194 692 14,886

224A1 – World Food Summit Monitoring and Follow-up

302. Objective: to monitor WFS follow-up and foster information exchange and dialogue on policy issues identified as requiring attention by the international community.

303. Biennial Outputs: monitoring reports and facilitation of information exchange (including information for media and general public, and consultations); annual thematic issues documents for the CFS; analytical documents on WFS follow-up issues; involvement of civil society, including via an interactive website.

224A2 – Commodity and Trade Policy Support to Developing Countries for Trade Negotiations

304. Objectives: to provide trade policy advice to countries to strengthen their capacity to participate effectively in trade negotiations, and to assist them in making full use of the trading opportunities arising from the implementation of trade agreements.

305. Biennial Outputs: analytical reports and information regarding the implications of alternative proposals emerging from the agenda of trade negotiations; meetings of experts on trade and food security issues under negotiation; direct support to countries to enhance their capacity to participate in ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations on agricultural commodities and trade, and in the implementation of trade agreements, including the adjustment/adaptation of domestic policies, and for the full utilisation of new trading opportunities arising from these agreements.

224A3 – Mid-term Review in 2006 of Progress Towards the WFS Target

306. Objective: to conduct an in-depth review of progress towards the WFS target of halving the number of under-nourished by no later than 2015, to be examined at a special forum in 2006.

307. Biennial Outputs: working papers on the impacts of economic and social policies on access to food and resources by vulnerable and disadvantaged groups; assessments of food consumption and, at national level, of agricultural assets critical for food production and access to food; data on changes in food consumption distribution and assessment of their impact on


estimates of the number of under-nourished; assessment of country situations and nutrition prospects; anthropometric studies for monitoring under-nutrition and complementing global assessment of hunger.

224P1 – Agricultural Adjustment and Policy Reforms

308. Objective: to assist Members in developing, implementing and adjusting policies in response to rapidly changing conditions, as they affect the food and agricultural sectors.

309. Biennial Outputs: analytical reports of policy trends and agriculture performance in selected countries (also contributing to SOFA); review of critical agricultural policy issues and proposals for an agenda of priority research needs; evaluation of the impact of structural adjustment and policy reform on the agriculture and food sectors.

224P2 – Contribution of Agriculture to Poverty Alleviation, Rural Development and Food Security

310. Objective: to enhance Members’ capacity to maximise the contribution of agriculture to rural development, food security and poverty alleviation (especially rural poverty).

311. Biennial Outputs: technical publications with comparative analysis of the economic and other roles of agriculture for equitable development (contributing to SOFA); analysis of the contribution of agriculture and farm-off-farm linkages to poverty alleviation (including interactions between agricultural growth and poverty alleviation, and risk coping strategies in developing countries); analytical studies on food security policies, practices and options; reports on the economic costs of hunger.

224P3 – Economics of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability

312. Objective: to enhance Members’ capacity to analyse environmental and resource problems and the environment-related benefits and costs of policies.

313. Biennial Outputs: methods for economic valuation of environmental costs and benefits and analysis of specific issues (degradation, conservation and rehabilitation of natural and biological resources).

224P4 – International Action on Commodity and Trade Issues

314. Objective: to assist countries in maximising benefits from trade in agricultural commodities and processed and semi-processed food products.

315. Biennial Outputs: analyses of emerging global and regional trade issues and policies, as they relate to agricultural trade and individual commodities. Advice on strategies to maximise benefits derived from trade; methodologies to assess the impact of changes in commodity and trade policies on international trade flows and food security; consultative mechanisms (including intergovernmental consultations, multi-commodity and multi-disciplinary outlook conferences, networking and multi-media communications, and inter-disciplinary linkages with government, non-governmental, academic and private sector stakeholders) for promoting international understanding and consensus regarding evolving agricultural trade commodity issues; databases and methodologies to assess factors such as the impact of new technologies on trade, eco-labelling and fair trade, organic agricultural development and competitiveness of agricultural commodities.

224P5 – Measures to Enhance Commodity and Trade Development

316. Objectives: to enhance countries’ capacity to develop the commodity sector through improvements in productivity and increased competitiveness, and assist them in taking full advantage of trading opportunities in the globalised world economy.


317. Biennial Outputs: assistance to commodity and trade development strategies, including the building of institutional capacity and actions to attract investments to the commodity trade sectors, taking full advantage of trading opportunities at the sub-regional, inter-regional and multilateral levels; related analytical tools; formulation of commodity development project proposals and mobilisation of resources from the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC).

224S1 – Technical Support Services to Member Nations and the Field Programme

318. This entity also includes servicing of the Committee on World Food Security.



Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.2.9.S1 Divisional Management 3,725 (123) 3,6022.2.9.S2 Divisional Direction 3,404 286 3,6902.2.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional Direction 1,611 183 1,794

Total 8,740 346 9,086

319. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (ESD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (ESDP), the offices of division directors and those parts of the Regional Office direction attributable to the programmes on food and agriculture policy and development.

Major Programme 2.3: Fisheries(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

2.3.1 Fisheries Information 6,408 583 6,991 17%2.3.2 Fisheries Resources and Aquaculture 10,478 613 11,091 27%2.3.3 Fisheries Exploitation and Utilization 7,960 517 8,477 20%2.3.4 Fisheries Policy 9,316 432 9,748 23%2.3.9 Programme Management 5,069 131 5,200 13%

Total 39,231 2,276 41,507 100%


320. The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the recently developed International Plans of Action, together with other international fisheries instruments, all underpin national efforts for the long-term development of fisheries and aquaculture. Major Programme 2.3 facilitates the implementation of these instruments and provides assistance in the management, development, marketing and use of fisheries and aquaculture resources. Most of the activities are multi-disciplinary, often involving cross-sectoral cooperation with other programmes of the Organization as well as with partners (national and international institutions, centres of excellence and the private sector). In addition, where relevant, activities specifically address the enhancement of the women’s contribution to the development of the fisheries sector and to safety issues in the industry.

321. The need for more responsible and environment-friendly fishery management requires that attention be given to the conservation of all exploited ecosystems, with a focus on those particularly at risk, the rehabilitation of those already damaged, and the promotion of


environmentally-sound and sustainable technologies. Principles and guidelines for ecosystem-based fishery management will be further developed and promoted with policy-makers.

322. Many programme entities contribute to sustainable increases in the food supply including from aquaculture and inland fisheries, and through the development of small-scale fisheries and fishing communities. The major programme will also promote the use of under-utilised resources and lower-value species; assist with national strategies for quality and safety in the handling and marketing of fish products; and support technologies to reduce discards and any negative impact on the environment from fishing activity. Greater preparedness for emergencies is proposed to combat food insecurity by lessening their adverse impact on fisheries and aquaculture.

323. Monitoring and coordination of the implementation of the Code of Conduct is key to good fisheries management. Policy-related work includes assistance in the coordination and implementation of effective fisheries management; the strengthening of regional fishery bodies; and policies to enhance both safe consumption and fair trade, including training to enhance Members’ capacity to comply with the provisions of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements.

324. Finally, the major programme aims to improve the quality of, and access to information of strategic value for fisheries managers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), funding institutions and the public at large. It is intended to complete the development of a Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS) in 2003, which will be a fully integrated, policy-oriented information resource base. Other fisheries information products (such as the CD-ROM Atlas on World Fisheries) will aid in the development of global, regional and national statistical and information systems and facilitate monitoring and analysis of data and trends.


325. Programme 2.3.1, Fisheries Information, is to benefit most in relative terms (more than 8 percent) from the net increase in resources for the entire major programme.

326. Proposed staffing changes include two new posts of statisticians (one for the Asia and the Pacific region) and one of technical editor, as well as several other new professional posts to fill critical gaps, e.g. dealing with aquaculture economics, fisheries resources, marine ecosystem management, and aquaculture development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Most of these posts are at junior grade levels.

327. Besides the reinforcement of the two programme entities related to fisheries information (i.e. 231A1 and 231A2), this strengthening of expertise translates into higher resources for a number of other entities (e.g. 232A3 and 232A5, reinforced by the new post of marine ecosystem management, and 232S1 dealing inter alia with advisory services on aquaculture).

328. Worthy of note are also the incremental activities on food safety and processing technology under technical project 233A4 and active support to the implementation of the FAO-sponsored International Plans of Action (IPOAs) under continuing programme activity 234P3. Greater attention to enhanced language coverage in both meetings and publications activities is also facilitated by the net increases in resources under the pertinent entities.


Programme 2.3.1: Fisheries Information


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.3.1.A1 Development of the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS) 629 215 844

2.3.1.P1 Provision of Fisheries Information and Statistics 4,789 320 5,1092.3.1.S1 Advice and Technical Support to Member Nations and

Regional Fisheries Bodies 990 48 1,038

Total 6,408 583 6,991

231A1 – Development of the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)

329. Objective: to improve access to, and disseminate, good quality and timely information for governments, policy-makers and other users in support of responsible fisheries, aquaculture and trade.

330. Biennial Outputs: prototype procedures for remote data entry by regional or national partners and partnership agreements for the supply and exchange of information. CD-ROMs, Yearbooks and other publications tailored to target audiences. Geographical Information System (GIS)-related database created and integrated in FIGIS.

231P1 – Provision of Fisheries Information and Statistics

331. Objective: to promote access, by Members and users at large, to verified global fishery, aquaculture, aquatic sciences and fisheries information and statistics, and related standards.

332. Biennial Outputs: norms, standards, guidelines, and updated arrangements and procedures for collection, storage, dissemination and sharing of fisheries information and statistics. Facilitation of the adoption of standards and procedures by countries and regional bodies. A variety of statistical and other information disseminated electronically and in other forms, i.e. publications (Statistical Yearbooks and Bulletins), Corporate Database for Substantive Statistical Data (FAOSTAT) and Computer System for Global Fish Catches (FISHSTAT) downloadable from the web. Graphical and tabular summaries for fishery status and trends reporting within FIGIS and in numerous publications.

231S1 – Advice and Technical Support to Member Nations and Regional Fisheries Bodies

333. This entity is to cover direct advice, methodological guidelines, operational tools and training to improve national fisheries information and statistics collection, processing, dissemination and exchange.


Programme 2.3.2: Fisheries Resources and Aquaculture


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.3.2.A1 Promotion of Responsible Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture 1,510 329 1,8392.3.2.A2 Increased Contribution of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries

to Food Security 1,174 (332) 8422.3.2.A3 Marine Fisheries Resources Identification and Biodata 1,006 157 1,1632.3.2.A4 Monitoring and Reporting on Global Marine Resources and

Relevant Environmental and Ecological Changes 1,405 (327) 1,0782.3.2.A5 Assessment and Management of Fisheries Resources 1,017 148 1,1652.3.2.P1 Global Monitoring and Strategic Analysis of Inland

Fisheries and Aquaculture 1,852 325 2,1772.3.2.S1 Advice on Marine Resources and Environmental Issues and

Aquaculture Development 2,514 313 2,827

Total 10,478 613 11,091

232A1 – Promotion of Responsible Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture

334. Objective: to promote the sustainable use of fisheries resources and reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts from inland fisheries and aquaculture.

335. Biennial Outputs: methodologies and studies on conservation, management and rehabilitation of inland habitats, genetic conservation, sustainable use of land, water, feed and seed resources in aquaculture. Technical guidelines on implementation of the Code of Conduct as regards inland fisheries and aquaculture and development of regional and international norms.

232A2 – Increased Contribution of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries to Food Security

336. Objective: to assist countries in increasing aquatic production in inland and coastal areas through sustainable development of aquaculture and inland fisheries for national food security and rural development.

337. Biennial Outputs: studies and methodologies on the efficient use of resources and health management, farming systems and practices for the integration of aquaculture with agriculture and rural development, particularly for integrated small-scale rural aquaculture development. Promotion of regional and inter-regional cooperation in rural aquaculture development. Strategies for inland fisheries and aquaculture in semi-arid and arid countries.

232A3 – Marine Fisheries Resources Identification and Biodata

338. Objective: to provide information on species, stock data of potentially or actually exploited marine species and fisheries, and advice on composition of stock and catches.

339. Biennial Outputs: electronic archive of drawings, photographs, distribution maps and data on species for FAO website and other systems. Guides and catalogues of marine resources. Improvement of related software.

232A4 – Monitoring and Reporting on Global Marine Resources and Relevant Environmental and Ecological Changes

340. Objective: to satisfy stakeholders’ need for summaries of trends and events in world fishery resources, including concerns about impact of human activities on marine production, habitats and ecosystems.


341. Biennial Outputs: studies of the effects of ecosystem variation on fisheries and fishery resources and the ecosystem effects on fishing. Publications, including on the knowledge of indigenous men and women about the ecosystem. Reviews of World Marine Fishery Resources.

232A5 – Assessment and Management of Fisheries Resources

342. Objective: to promote appropriate policies and technologies to encourage effective resource management, and enhance national capacity.

343. Biennial Outputs: methodologies and publications on appropriate, cost-effective resource management and risk assessment and management practices including determination of Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and effort capacity. Assessment of the use of methodologies and related constraints at national level. International consultation on risk assessment and management in fisheries.

232P1 – Global Monitoring and Strategic Analysis of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture

344. Objective: to assist governments, development agencies, the private sector and the NGO community in decision-making for sustainable development of inland fisheries and aquaculture.

345. Biennial Outputs: regional studies on priority areas for research; methodologies to promote the participatory approach in extension and training materials and recognition and support of women’s role in the sub-sector. Publications including: feed and nutrient atlas, a review of aquaculture information systems, reviews of the state of aquaculture and inland fisheries, culture-based fisheries and stock enhancement, evaluation of genetic resource use, and the FAO Aquaculture Newsletter. Guidelines on sustainability criteria and indicators.

232S1 – Advice on Marine Resources and Environmental Issues and Aquaculture Development

346. Direct advice and training is to be provided on management of marine fishery resources and on inland fisheries and aquaculture, including gender-specific technical advice. Technical backstopping to field projects.

Programme 2.3.3: Fisheries Exploitation and Utilisation


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.3.3.A1 Reduction of Discards and Environmental Impact from Fisheries 939 133 1,072

2.3.3.A2 Sustainable Development of Small-scale Fisheries 1,086 269 1,3552.3.3.A3 Increased Production from Under-utilised Aquatic

Resources and Low-value Catches 1,044 (473) 5712.3.3.A4 Consumption, Safety and Quality of Fish Products 962 326 1,2882.3.3.A5 Promotion of International Fish Trade 1,188 36 1,2242.3.3.S1 Support and Advice in Fishing Technology, Fish Utilisation

and Trade 2,741 226 2,967

Total 7,960 517 8,477

233A1 – Reduction of Discards and Environmental Impact from Fisheries

347. Objective: to monitor the extent of the bycatch problem both qualitatively and quantitatively, and promote new bycatch reduction technologies.


348. Biennial Outputs: documents on bycatch reduction options and manuals for the design, installation and use of bycatch reduction devices. Methodologies and guidelines for handling, processing and marketing of bycatch. Management methods for reducing discards and the environmental impacts from fisheries and methodology to estimate discard rates. Technical assistance to national Plans of Action for the avoidance of incidental catch of seabirds and follow-up of their implementation.

233A2 – Sustainable Development of Small-scale Fisheries

349. Objectives: to enhance the contribution of small-scale fisheries to food security and employment, promote appropriate technologies, commercial practices, related methods and approaches, and to foster capacity building and institutional strengthening.

350. Biennial Outputs: training on the development and management of artisanal ports and co-management of fish resources; manuals on participatory extension methods. Technical guidance on diversification of effort from coastal to offshore waters, including measures to store and preserve catch. Publications on improved safety at sea; guidelines leading to national safety programmes and for vessel surveyors. Analyses, guidelines and participatory training materials for the integration of small-scale fisheries in coastal area management, fish utilisation, coastal zone monitoring and control systems, access to credit and mutual insurance. Case studies on market opportunities and plans for disaster preparedness.

233A3 – Increased Production from Under-utilised Aquatic Resources and Low-value Catches

351. Objective: to provide advice on policy changes to increase production from under-utilised resources and to enhance value and utilisation for human consumption of low-value catches.

352. Biennial Outputs: updated policy options and legal instruments to promote the contribution of under-utilised species to food security. Appropriate technologies to sustainably intensify production. Technical papers on onboard handling and vessel design for harvesting selected species and catches.

233A4 – Consumption, Safety and Quality of Fish Products

353. Objective: to improve the safety and quality of fish products traded internationally and domestically.

354. Biennial Outputs: international guidelines on hazards and risk assessment. Training programmes on fish safety and quality. Implementation of quality and safety assurance systems, integrating Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), risk analysis and cost effectiveness. Internet-based data on hazards, risks and standards. International meeting on hazards of tropical and sub-tropical fish products. Products containing fish oil identified and produced to pilot plant scale, field trials and storage and acceptability testing.

233A5 – Promotion of International Fish Trade

355. Objectives: to facilitate the positions of governments in international trade negotiations through better access to timely marketing information, analysis and forecasts; and to promote developing countries’ participation in international trade, including use and active membership of the Fish Marketing Information Services (INFONetwork).

356. Biennial Outputs: global network for information and technical advice related to international fish trade. Conferences on specific commodity and trade issues. Technical support to regional fish marketing information organizations. Secretariat services for the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Sub-committee on Fish Trade.


233S1 – Support and Advice in Fishing Technology, Fish Utilisation and Trade

357. This entity covers in particular technical support services to field operations, including advice on gear and related technological developments, training materials for extension services and advice to regional agricultural credit associations on provision of credit for small and medium-scale fisheries enterprises.

Programme 2.3.4: Fisheries Policy


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.3.4.A1 Coordination and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 1,194 (124) 1,070

2.3.4.A4 Promotion of Coastal Fisheries Management 805 197 1,0022.3.4.A5 Promotion of Appropriate National/Regional Policies for

Sustainable Aquaculture Development 615 44 6592.3.4.P2 Global Analysis of Economic and Social Trends in

Fisheries and Aquaculture 1,183 41 1,2242.3.4.P3 Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture

Policy and Management 893 769 1,6622.3.4.S1 Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries Bodies

and Arrangements and Field Programme Support 4,626 (495) 4,131

Total 9,316 432 9,748

234A1 – Coordination and Monitoring of the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

358. Objective: to assist with national policies and strategies in fisheries and aquaculture, and improved management plans leading to the restoration of depleted fish stocks.

359. Biennial Outputs: technical guidelines and other materials for the effective implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and the related International Plans of Action (IPOAs). Assessment of likely future patterns of global fisheries management and aquaculture development. Policy-related data on the role of men and women in the fisheries sector. Reports on the implementation of the Code.

234A4 – Promotion of Coastal Fisheries Management

360. Objective: to assist stakeholders (fishers and fishworkers, fisher communities, small-scale and semi-industrial fishing sector, governmental agencies) to achieve a sustainable balance in the harvest of coastal fish resources.

361. Biennial Outputs: analysis of existing coastal management approaches and preparation of collaborative development plans to improve management. Methodologies to estimate the state of resources and the viability and sustainability of policies, strategies and other management tools. Technical advice on the planning and pilot-basis implementation of participatory fisheries management schemes.

234A5 – Promotion of Appropriate National/Regional Policies for Sustainable Aquaculture Development

362. Objective: to promote increased consumption of, and trade in, cultured fish, crustaceans and molluscs.


363. Biennial Outputs: regional-level analysis of the economic viability and sustainability of commercial culture of major species. Analysis of international markets of farmed fish. Identification of constraints to development of sustainable commercial aquaculture and discussion of policy options to counter them. National seminars on legal frameworks and economic instruments to develop the aquaculture sector.

234P2 – Global Analysis of Economic and Social Trends in Fisheries and Aquaculture

364. Objective: to provide a factual information base on fisheries and aquaculture for decision-making by governments and other interested parties on matters of both national and international concern.

365. Biennial Outputs: FAO flagship publication, the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA). Maintenance of the web-based Fisheries Atlas and production of CD-ROM version. Technical analysis Projection of world fish consumption by country in 2015/30. Publications addressing the prospects for growth in capture fisheries and in aquaculture and projected trends in international fish trade.

234P3 – Economic and Social Analysis of Fishery and Aquaculture Policy and Management

366. Objective: to assist with more effective policies and management in both fisheries and aquaculture.

367. Biennial Outputs: international guidelines on the use of economic incentives for fisheries management, and on good management practices in shrimp aquaculture. Workshops, case studies and projects in support of the implementation of International Plans of Action (IPOA) on fishing capacity, shark fisheries and other issues.

234S1 – Promotion and Strengthening of Regional Fisheries Bodies and Arrangements and Field Programme Support

368. This entity ensures organisation and secretariat services of the Committee on Fisheries, FAO regional fisheries bodies and arrangements, and supports field activities related to fisheries policy and planning.



Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.3.9.S1 Departmental Direction 2,253 35 2,2882.3.9.S2 Divisional Direction 1,800 (46) 1,7542.3.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional Direction 1,016 142 1,158

Total 5,069 131 5,200

369. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (FID), including the Programme Coordination Unit (FIDP), the offices of the division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to fisheries activities.


Major Programme 2.4: Forestry(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

2.4.1 Forest Resources 8,251 183 8,434 26%2.4.2 Forest Products 4,690 1,515 6,205 19%2.4.3 Forestry Policy and Planning 8,556 (348) 8,208 25%2.4.4 Forest Programmes Coordination and

Information 3,825 560 4,385 14%2.4.9 Programme Management 5,117 (79) 5,038 16%

Total 30,439 1,831 32,270 100%


370. The rapid evolution of the forestry sector presents challenges to countries to achieve the sustainable management and conservation of forest resources, while ensuring that the social and economic needs of society are met. Most constraints and opportunities for forests and forestry are cross sectoral and inter-disciplinary in nature, requiring FAO to effectively address issues which cut across traditional sectoral boundaries.

371. International concern about forest loss and degradation is translating into political commitment to sustainable forest management. The international dialogue on forestry issues will have even greater prominence, with the establishment in 2001 of the UN Forum on Forests and the supporting Collaborative Partnership on Forests. FAO will play a leading role in providing information and knowledge to support discussions and action. Recognising that individual countries hold the key to successful action, FAO will aim to strengthen national capacities to address forest sector and inter-sectoral issues through participatory processes. A National Forest Programme Implementation Facility will be established in collaboration with key partners to support these efforts. In relation to threats to fragile ecosystems, including mountain forests, upland watersheds, deserts, and mangroves, particular emphasis during the biennium will be given to FAO’s lead role in the International Year of Mountains (IYM) 2002, and to ensuring effective follow-up to new initiatives which are likely to arise during IYM 2002.

372. FAO will continue to provide comprehensive and timely information about all aspects of forests – environmental, social and economic. The 15th meeting of the Committee on Forestry called upon FAO to provide leadership in knowledge management, to expand the scope and reliability of global forest resource assessments, and to ensure that information about forests is updated on a continuous basis with heightened dialogue with, and participation of, national institutions; and made available to Members, in all official languages, through improved use of information technology.

373. In relation to likely climate change, natural and planted forests provide an important source of stability through carbon sequestration. At the same time, forests are increasingly threatened by changes in climate, fire and pest outbreaks, and other catastrophic events. FAO will play a key role in synthesising research and disseminating timely and accurate information about forests and climate change, and facilitate a coordinated response by countries to fight forest fires.

374. Finally, critical support will be provided for the formulation and promotion of policies for sound development of forest-products’ industries and trade, bearing in mind the social and economic needs of society.



375. Since the Programme of Work and Budget 2000-2001, and as reflected in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007, further efforts were made to consolidate the underlying programme structure, leading to the proposed 14 technical projects (TPs) and continuing programme activities (CPs), instead of the previous 21. Primarily for this reason, substantial changes in resources appear against many entity headings in the more detailed programme-level tables below.

376. The overall net increase in resources under this major programme should permit to strengthen expertise in a number of important disciplines or areas (e.g. new posts on forest fires, environmentally-sound logging operations, financing of forestry programmes, sustainable mountain development, wildlife post in the Africa region). Many of the new professional posts are at junior grade levels, also contributing to a more balanced staffing structure. One of the new posts will focus on the National Forest Programme Implementation Facility mentioned above (entity 243A3).

377. It may be noted that a substantial shift of resources was made from Programme 2.4.3, Forestry Policy and Planning, to Programme 2.4.2, Forest Products, which, therefore, appears to benefit from the largest net increase in resources. This was done to ensure an improved balance of resource allocation among forestry programmes. The consequent apparent reduction under Programme 2.4.3 masks a significant increase in funding for work on strengthening institutional capacities and the formulation of national forest programmes. The technical services agreements (TSs) which, unless stated otherwise in the narratives below, are to provide support to countries and advisory services, either directly or via the field programme, are also generally strengthened. Substantial additional resources would be directed to increase the number of FAO languages in which key technical publications are issued and in the Forestry section of FAO Internet website.

Programme 2.4.1: Forest Resources


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.4.1.A1 Sustainable Management of Natural Forests and Woodlands 1,418 503 1,9212.4.1.A2 Trees Outside Forests 908 (908) 02.4.1.A3 Sustainable Mountain Development and Watershed

Management 764 (764) 02.4.1.A4 Environmental Conservation in Forests and Fragile

Ecosystems 640 1,129 1,7692.4.1.A5 Forest Plantations and Trees Outside Forests 949 20 9692.4.1.P1 Assessment and Monitoring of Forests and Woodland

Resources 1,932 (340) 1,5922.4.1.S1 Technical Support and Advisory Services 1,640 543 2,183

Total 8,251 183 8,434

241A1 – Sustainable Management of Natural Forests and Woodlands

378. Objective: to support and increase national capacities to conserve, enhance and sustainably utilise natural forests and woodlands for the provision of a wide variety of goods and services.

379. Biennial Outputs: agreement achieved among the various regional and international processes on criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, including key indicators for monitoring progress toward sustainable forest management at the international level and the


incorporation of these indicators in national forest monitoring systems. Two new sub-regional initiatives (Central Africa and Asia) aimed at increasing the area of forests under sustainable management through the promotion of model and demonstration forests and the sharing of experiences and information through networking. Methodologies and best practices in silviculture and multi-purpose management of natural forests, including fragile ecosystems such as mountain forests and mangroves, including dissemination of guidelines, handbooks and case studies. New initiatives to address the special problems of countries with arid lands threatened by desertification. Global Information System on Forest Genetic Resources (REFORGEN). Provision of an effective international coordination mechanism for forest fires, and promotion of integrated pest management practices to protect forests.

241A4 –Environmental Conservation in Forests and Fragile Ecosystems

380. Objectives: to identify constraints and facilitate the uptake of improved methods of biodiversity conservation and of sustainable use of forest and wildland animal resources; to enhance the protective role and functions of trees in fragile ecosystems and marginal lands and prevent erosion and control desertification; and to increase awareness of, and action on, sustainable mountain development issues, including integrated watershed management, especially in view of the observance of the International Year of Mountains 2002.

381. Biennial Outputs: technologies and technical information on critical issues in fragile ecosystems, with special reference to mountains and drylands, including capacity building in countries and networking. Guide on best practices in watershed management. Pilot watershed management activities to generate knowledge and information on, inter alia, highland-lowland linkages. Guidelines for effective conservation and sustainable management of biological diversity, including wildlife, in forests and wildlands, together with inventories of research needs, training and support to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Capacity building through training materials and workshops at regional and country level. Support and reporting to Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), Rio+10 and other Agenda 21 related processes, according to FAO’s Agenda 21 task manager responsibilities. Preparation for and follow-up to, the International Year of Mountains 2002 (IYM 2002).

241A5 – Forest Plantations and Trees Outside Forests

382. Objective: to support national efforts in planning, management and monitoring of forest plantations and trees outside forests (including agroforestry systems, and urban and peri-urban environments), through the adoption of best practices in tree improvement, nursery, silviculture and protection intervention.

383. Biennial Outputs: collection of reliable information and databases on forest plantations and planted trees. Information on appropriate tree planting materials and tree improvement technologies (including seed networks, studies and guidelines and direct advice to national institutions) as well as on management of forest plantations and planted tree resources. Land use planning and ecosystem conservation strategies through the promotion of agroforestry and other tree-based systems outside forests. Policies and programmes for the increased integration of trees in urban and peri-urban environments.

241P1 – Assessment and Monitoring of Forests and Woodland Resources

384. Objectives: to systematically analyse, document and report on the status and trends in forest resources; to develop and update methods for forest inventory, analysis, assessment and monitoring based on common and agreed concepts and terms; and to strengthen national capabilities to assess forest resources and the underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation.

385. Biennial Outputs: methodologies for assessing changes in all types of forests and woodlands. Global forest survey to include additional environmental, social and economic


parameters. Internet access to FAO statistics and maps on forest resources. Capacity building support to selected countries on forest resources monitoring.

Programme 2.4.2: Forest Products


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.4.2.A1 Environmental Aspects of Forests 1,013 (133) 8802.4.2.A2 Increasing Productivity in Sustainable Forest Raw Material

Utilization 1,100 (1,100) 02.4.2.P1 Forest Products Information 239 1,777 2,0162.4.2.P2 Appropriate Utilisation of Forest Products 863 980 1,8432.4.2.P3 Forest Products Utilization Issues 486 (486) 02.4.2.S1 Support to Field Projects and Advisory Services 989 477 1,466

Total 4,690 1,515 6,205

242A1 – Environmental Aspects of Forests

386. Objective: to contribute to the analysis of the environmental dimension of forests and forest practices, including their impact on climate.

387. Biennial Outputs: support to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). Workshops for capacity building on land use, land use change and forestry in relation to the Kyoto Protocol. Various publications, e.g. forests’ contributions to climate change mitigation, trade and marketing linkages to environmental issues, alternative systems for certification of sustainable forest management. Related meetings and/or seminars.

242P1 – Forest Products Information

388. Objective: to improve availability of, and access to, information on forestry sector utilisation, production, trade and marketing.

389. Biennial Outputs: database of the global study on harvesting intensities and impact assessments. Two issues each of the Forest Products Yearbook, Non-Wood News, and the Recovered Paper Survey. Publications on: forest harvesting and engineering intensities and related environmental impacts and unified measurements for rattan inventory, processing and trade and manual on non-wood forest products (NWFP) socio-economic assessment. Electronic network on forest energy and updated wood energy information. Four issues of Forest Energy Forum.

242P2 – Appropriate Utilisation of Forest Products

390. Objective: to develop and promote methodologies for best practices in forest utilisation covering harvesting, engineering, processing, trade, marketing of NWFP and bioenergy.

391. Biennial Outputs: promotion of codes of forest harvesting and engineering practices in Africa and Latin America (including publications and workshops). Four studies on environmentally sound harvesting and engineering in selected tropical countries. Review on logging impacts in moist tropical forests. Two issues of the Forest Harvesting Bulletin. Two worskshops on forest products marketing, and forest products trade issues. Publication on marketing of selected forest products. International expert consultation on NWFP. Publication on wood energy planning tools.


Programme 2.4.3: Forestry Policy and Planning


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.4.3.A1 Forestry Sector Outlook Studies 858 911 1,7692.4.3.A2 Forests, Trees and People Programme 143 (143) 02.4.3.A3 Strengthening of Institutional Capacities at Country Level 1,123 709 1,8322.4.3.P1 Formulation of National Forest Programmes 910 306 1,2162.4.3.P2 Analysis of Economic Factors in Forestry 1,402 (603) 7992.4.3.P3 Forest Products Production and Trade Statistics 1,003 (1,003) 02.4.3.P4 Participatory Forestry 969 (142) 8272.4.3.P5 State of World's Forests 286 (286) 02.4.3.S1 Interaction with Field Programmes and Advisory Services 1,862 (97) 1,765

Total 8,556 (348) 8,208

243A1 – Forestry Sector Outlook Studies

392. Objective: to facilitate long-term strategic forestry planning efforts, stimulate appropriate forestry policy reform in countries and to orient donor assistance and investment programmes to the needs of the forestry sector.

393. Biennial Outputs: State of the World’s Forests (SOFO) 2003, to be also posted on the Internet. Forest Sector Outlook Study for Africa (including five sub-regional reports). Initiation of the Forestry Sector Outlook Studies for Latin America and the Caribbean and for Europe (completion planned in the 2004-05 biennium). Analytical activities related to long-term projections, descriptive scenarios and quantitative implications of the long-term future of forests in society.

243A3 – Strengthening of Institutional Capacities at Country Level

394. Objective: to enhance institutional arrangements and legal instruments for the forestry sector at national level.

395. Biennial Outputs: in collaboration with key partners, establishment of a National Forest Programme Implementation Facility to provide effective coordination of international support to national capacities to achieve sustainable forest management. Analyses of institutional issues and dissemination of results to FAO Members and partners. Support to regional and international cooperation and networking for enhanced capacity in forestry research, education and extension. Transfer of technology for sustainable forest management.

243P1 – Formulation of National Forest Programmes

396. Objective: to ensure that national forestry programmes maximise the contributions of the forestry sector to socio-economic development.

397. Biennial Outputs: analysis of cross-sectoral linkages, influences and inter-relations between forestry policies and other national policies. Facilitation of national processes in countries to address inter-sectoral issues, also through workshops. Studies on key forestry policy issues, including: privatisation, decentralisation of policy decisions, impact on forestry of globalisation and integration processes, public policies affecting forest fires, and financing. Updated guidelines and status information on the implementation of national forest programmes.


243P2 – Analysis of Economic Factors in Forestry

398. Objective: to help countries define forest policies and implementation procedures that are fiscally and economically sustainable, thereby supporting long-term strategic forestry planning efforts and appropriate forestry policy reform.

399. Biennial Outputs: analysis of fiscal measures and tenure arrangements that serve sustainable forest management, including cross-country comparison. Technical guidelines on best practice in forest products pricing, forest tax regimes and incentives for forestry, and on how to incorporate forest externalities into forestry policies and national forest programmes, and generate investment in sustainable forest management. Manuals and training workshops on the use of economic tools in forest management decisions.

243P4 – Participatory Forestry

400. Objective: to support both sustainable forest management and sustainable livelihoods, especially of the most vulnerable, through an enabling environment for participatory management of trees, forests, and other natural resources and increased capacity by the different actors, especially those most dependent on forest resources.

401. Biennial Outputs: assessment and design of supportive policy frameworks, processes, and institutions; and materials on participatory approaches and programmes (including linkage between conservation and development, and pathways for effective decentralisation). Methodologies and guidelines for improving natural resource management and ensuring sustainable livelihoods. Tools for improving gender participation in forest decision-making processes.

Programme 2.4.4: Forest Programmes Coordination and Information


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.4.4.A1 Follow up to UNCED and International Forestry Processes 1,335 (923) 4122.4.4.P1 Forestry Information 1,494 707 2,2012.4.4.S1 Support to Statutory Bodies and Liaison with the Regional

Offices 996 776 1,772

Total 3,825 560 4,385

244A1 – Follow up to UNCED and International Forestry Processes

402. Objective: to provide coordinated inputs and support to various international processes and initiatives affecting the forestry sector.

403. Biennial Outputs: analytical studies of key issues and other background documents in support of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF). Technical and policy-related studies in the context of the Implementation Plan of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF), with lead responsibility for agreed subject matter areas, and participation in sessions of the CPF. Coordinated forestry inputs to international conventions, including those on biodiversity, desertification, and climate change. Periodic reports to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) on the implementation of two Chapters of Agenda 21 for which FAO is the task manager – Chapter 11 (Combating Deforestation) and Chapter 13 (Sustainable Mountain Development).


244P1 – Forestry Information

404. Objective: to disseminate forestry-related data, information and knowledge by various means to a wide range of users.

405. Biennial Outputs: Forestry Information System (FORIS), with Internet-based tools to facilitate distributed “ownership” and remote entry of data by countries and partner organizations. Forestry section of FAO’s website, including balanced use of FAO languages. Advisory services to, and institution-building in, countries for the management of forest-related data, information and knowledge, particularly through technical backstopping of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO)/European Commission project “Mobilizing scientific information on forests to promote their sustainable management in ACP countries”. Eight issues of Unasylva. Targeted information materials.

244S1 – Support to Statutory Bodies and Liaison with the Regional Offices

406. The following sessions of FAO Statutory Bodies in forestry are to be organised: Sixteenth session of the Committee on Forestry (COFO); six Regional Forestry Commissions; the Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products; the International Poplar Commission; Silva Mediterranea; the Working Group of the African Forestry and Wildlife Commission; and the Panel of Experts on Forest Genetic Resources.

407. In addition, this entity will coordinate the implementation of FAO forestry programmes across Headquarters and Regional and Sub-regional Offices, support FAO staff seconded to other organizations and, in collaboration with the Government of Canada, provide secretariat services to the XII World Forestry Congress to be held in Québec City, 21–28 September 2003.



Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.4.9.S1 Departmental Direction 2,592 (233) 2,3592.4.9.S2 Divisional Direction 1,437 (1) 1,4362.4.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional Direction 1,088 155 1,243

Total 5,117 (79) 5,038

408. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (FOD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (FODP), the offices of division directors and those parts of the Regional Office direction attributable to forestry activities.


Major Programme 2.5: Contributions to Sustainable Developmentand Special Programme Thrusts

(All amounts in US$ 000)Programme 2000-01

Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

2.5.1 Research, Natural Resources Management and Technology Transfer 20,642 1,013 21,655 40%

2.5.2 Gender and Population 6,479 (162) 6,317 12%2.5.3 Rural Development 8,208 502 8,710 16%2.5.6 Food Production in Support of Food Security in

LIFDCs 10,270 591 10,861 20%2.5.9 Programme Management 6,976 265 7,241 13%

Total 52,575 2,209 54,784 100%


409. This major programme has an important catalytic role in generating cross-sectoral cooperation, and involves intensive partnerships with other organizations. It spearheads follow-up to the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and associated conventions on natural resource management and conservation, as well as to recommendations by other major international summits and conferences, including the Fourth World Conference on Women, the Social Summit and the International Conference on Population and Development. It is instrumental in promoting gender mainstreaming throughout FAO’s substantive work, and ensures policy inputs to the work of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Programme 2.5.6 covers the Regular Programme’s provision for the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) in Low-income, Food-deficit Countries (LIFDCs), also ensuring house-wide coordinated inputs to its implementation.

410. The following broad priorities have influenced the design of constituent programme entities:

a) Ensuring equitable and sustainable livelihoods and food security in rural areas, including access to land resources, effective functioning of community and civil society organizations (CSOs), the use of participatory approaches and methods, and the integration of gender and population issues into policies, plans and programmes;

b) Promoting knowledge enhancement and technology transfer, in particular the strengthening of national capacities at all levels to carry out agricultural research, to undertake gender and age-sensitive analyses, and apply appropriate technologies;

c) Putting to full use the potential of environmental observing systems, information technology, databases and analyses for food security and sustainable development, including through the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing, the development of indicators of sustainability and gender, population and land tenure data;

d) Ensuring FAO’s coordinated response in relation to key issues of international interest, including follow-up to UN conventions, conferences and international agreements, work of the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), the implementation of UNCED Agenda 21 and the Conventions on Biological Diversity, Climate Change and Desertification;

e) Supporting the continued expansion of the SPFS, with its integrative and multi-disciplinary approach to the solution of acute food production and supply problems in LIFDCs.



411. A new technical project 251A5, Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Secretariat, has been introduced. It was already reflected in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 with a more restricted title (NARS Secretariat of the GFAR), and is now expanded in line with new policy decisions to enlarge the NARS Secretariat to GFAR Secretariat. Most of the work of the latter is carried out through Trust Fund arrangements, hence the small amount shown in the pertinent table below.

412. In terms of major resource movements, the net reduction under Programme 2.5.2 is a consequence of the severe reduction of income from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). In fact, it masks the additional resources provided for gender-related activities in the SDW division and a new post to deal with the adverse effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on food security and rural development, especially in Africa. The other two Programmes (2.5.1 and 2.5.3) implemented by the Sustainable Development Department (SD) evidence on the other hand net increases, including the impact of new posts on disability matters – another significant social problem affecting rural development in many areas – and on land tenure and rural institutions in the Near East region. Worthy of note is the very significant boost to entity 251P3, given the importance of enhancing capacities to make full use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in support of agricultural and rural development.

413. Finally, the provision for Programme 2.5.6 is also proposed to be increased, primarily for SPFS implementation at country-level, whereas it is also necessary to strengthen the coordination component to cope with the expansion of the programme.

Programme 2.5.1: Research, Natural Resources Managementand Technology Transfer


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.5.1.A1 Integrated Use of Information for Sustainable Development 3,497 (711) 2,7862.5.1.A2 Youth in Agriculture, Food Security and Sustainable

Livelihoods 785 49 8342.5.1.A3 Partnerships for Improving Application of Biotechnology in

Agriculture 571 435 1,0062.5.1.A4 Integrated Development and Dissemination of Agricultural

Knowledge and Technology for Food Security and Sustainable Development 4,156 (646) 3,510

2.5.1.A5 Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Secretariat 0 201 2012.5.1.A6 Support to Environmental Agreements and Promotion of

Integrated Environmental Planning and Management 1,143 436 1,5792.5.1.P1 Environmental Geo-Information Infrastructure and Services 1,595 134 1,7292.5.1.P3 Information and Communication Technologies in Support

of Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Systems 903 1,198 2,1012.5.1.P4 Secretariat of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of

the CGIAR 4,243 19 4,2622.5.1.S1 Technical Support Services to Member Nations, the Field

Programme, and Other Related Activities 3,749 (102) 3,647

Total 20,642 1,013 21,655


251A1 – Integrated Use of Information for Sustainable Development

414. Objective: to provide countries with data, information, and decision-support tools to build national capacity for the integrated analysis of environmental, social and economic dimension of development and sustainability issues at global, regional and national levels.

415. Biennial Outputs: information systems, guidelines, training materials and protocols for access to, and use of, satellite and ground measurement information; natural disaster impact assessment and crop monitoring; databases including Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites (TEMS) and synthesised website information for implementation of environmental conventions; reports on ecosystem management, organic agriculture, terrestrial carbon observations and agricultural effects on climate and rural energy; methods, tools, indicators, and training to incorporate gender, demographic, land tenure and other social dimensions into data collection and analysis.

251A2 – Youth in Agriculture, Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods

416. Objective: to strengthen and expand rural youth development programmes, projects and activities which enable young people to become active partners in food security, find meaningful employment and pursue healthy lifestyles.

417. Biennial Outputs: strategies targeting rural youth, including networking, strategic planning, advocacy and national policy measures; support to design and delivery of educational programmes; training and information dissemination, focusing on youth professionals and community adult volunteer leaders.

251A3 – Partnerships for Improving Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture

418. Objectives: to assist countries in ensuring adequate and regionally harmonised biosafety regulations for genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and provide them with a knowledge-base for decision-making on the applications of biotechnology products.

419. Biennial Outputs: assistance in the development of national regulatory frameworks for biosafety of GMOs, including harmonisation at regional level; capacity building of biosafety regulatory bodies in selected countries; electronic forum on various aspects of biotechnologies and their applications; biotechnology research networks on selected issues.

251A4 – Integrated Development and Dissemination of Agricultural Knowledge and Technology for Food Security and Sustainable Development

420. Objective: to assist national research, extension, education and communication institutions to adjust their management, organisation and operations in light of latest social, economic and technological trends.

421. Biennial Outputs: guidelines, tools, methodologies, case studies and databases on research, extension, education and communication; advice for national integrated systems of related institutions; studies and workshops on advanced agricultural knowledge generation and delivery to clients.

251A5 – Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) Secretariat

422. Objective: to provide institutional support to all GFAR stakeholders, in particular the developing country National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and their regional and sub-regional fora, in order for them to actively participate in an emerging Global Agricultural Research System.

423. Biennial Outputs: prioritised and endorsed regional and sub-regional research agendas through related fora; design and implementation of three global research programmes within the


four research priority themes identified by the GFAR Steering Committee; operationalisation of the Regional Agricultural Information Systems (RAIS) as key building blocks of the Electronic Global Forum (EGFAR).

251A6 – Support to Environmental Agreements and Promotion of Integrated Environmental Planning and Management

424. Objectives: to ensure FAO’s participation and coordinated inputs to inter-agency cooperation related to environmental agreements and conventions, and to facilitate uptake by Members and other stakeholders of technical frameworks, with improved understanding of environmental issues in relation to food and agriculture.

425. Biennial Outputs: support to in-house coordination mechanisms for implementation of conventions and UNCED follow-up; analytical reports and position papers in relation to the conventions and their advisory bodies; guidelines on ecosystem management approach at selected national and regional levels, including guidance on contribution of organic agriculture to conventions and Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD); support to the preparation of the global information system for the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) and guidelines and capacity building for overall desertification assessment; materials for national capacity building on implementation of Agenda 21.

251P1 – Environmental Geo-Information Infrastructure and Services

426. Objective: to provide services to users of geo-referenced data and environmental information, both within and outside FAO, for a wide variety of applications, together with strengthening capacity of Members in environmental information management and analysis.

427. Biennial Outputs: environmental databases for food security, early warning and migratory pest and animal disease forecasting; development of user-oriented and geo-referenced core data sets, including related cartographic and thematic map products and reports; norms and guidelines for spatial data handling and methodologies for integrated environmental analysis and natural resources management; pilot development and testing of geo-networking; dynamic reports on environmental hot and bright spots for monitoring food security.

251P3 – Information and Communication Technologies in Support of Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Systems

428. Objectives: to test and apply innovative and sustainable uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in support of research, extension and education (REE) systems, and to harness ICT for accelerated advancement of rural women and girls.

429. Biennial Outputs: adapted versions of the Virtual Extension Research Communication Networks (VERCON) prototype for selected countries; improved versions of multi-media farm information networks (FARM-Nets) in selected countries; functional networks linking rural radio, Internet and REE institutions in selected countries; ICT-based information and capacity building for rural women/girls in the Asia region; training materials, databases and software for ICT applications including for distance-learning; impact assessment studies of ICT applications in REE institutions.

251P4 – Secretariat of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the CGIAR

430. Objective: to enable TAC to fulfil its function of providing independent scientific advice to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system, in accordance with CGIAR reform and transformation processes.

431. Biennial Outputs (subject to results of ongoing reform discussions): recommendations on CGIAR priorities, strategies and resource allocation, including the annual review of the


CGIAR centres’ research agendas and financing plans; strategic studies in relation to important topics; five to six external programme and management reviews of individual CGIAR centres and one system-wide review; organisation of at least four meetings of TAC and its standing committees; dissemination of information and documentation.

251S1 – Technical Support Services to Member Nations, the Field Programme, and Other Related Activities

432. This entity covers direct advice to Members and technical backstopping in a wide range of technical disciplines, such as research, extension, education, communication for development, environment, natural geo-information infrastructure and services.

Programme 2.5.2: Gender and Population


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.5.2.A2 Inter-relations between Gender, Population and Food Security 1,591 (200) 1,391

2.5.2.A3 Gender and Natural Resources Management 989 11 1,0002.5.2.P1 Promotion of Gender and Population in Policies,

Legislation and Civil Institutions 2,757 20 2,7772.5.2.S1 Technical Support to Member Nations and the Field

Programme 1,142 7 1,149

Total 6,479 (162) 6,317

252A2 – Inter-relations between Gender, Population and Food Security

433. Objective: to improve national capacity, at all levels of government and civil society, to address the policy implications of the linkages between gender, population, HIV/AIDS, food security, environment and rural development.

434. Biennial Outputs: technical papers, training materials and guidelines on the interaction between population dynamics (including spatial distribution, changing age structure and gender aspects) and food security with special emphasis on the impact of HIV/AIDS; various technical documents within the framework of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) technical support services (TSS) system.

252A3 – Gender and Natural Resources Management

435. Objective: to promote enhanced understanding of the linkages between socio-economic and cultural factors such as gender, and the sustainable use of the environment and natural resources, and their application in policies and programmes at all levels.

436. Biennial Outputs: guidelines on gender-sensitive indicators, case studies on participatory/ qualitative methodologies, and advice on gender/people-sensitive management of natural resources across sectors; publications and media products on plant and animal genetic resources; research capacity building and network development.

252P1 – Promotion of Gender and Population in Policies, Legislation and Civil Institutions

437. Objective: to generate, through awareness-raising, training and improved databases, the capacity to use population and gender information for planning and decision-making, especially with a view to reduce or eliminate discrimination by gender, age and/or socio-cultural characteristics.


438. Biennial Outputs: reports to other fora on FAO’s activities in support of the implementation of plans of action of major international conferences and relevant UN conventions; workshops on Socio-economic and Gender Analysis Programme (SEAGA) at regional and national levels; sector or sub-sector specific guidelines and methodologies; support to the implementation of the FAO Gender and Development Plan of Action (2002-2007).

252S1 – Technical Support to Member Nations and the Field Programme

439. This entity covers direct advice to Members and support to gender mainstreaming in the field programme, including the SPFS.

Programme 2.5.3: Rural Development


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.5.3.A1 Access 21: Land Tenure Institution Building for Food Security and Sustainable Rural Development 1,928 (294) 1,634

2.5.3.A2 Improved Rural Institutions and Services to Promote Sustainable Rural Livelihoods 2,594 (827) 1,767

2.5.3.A4 Participatory Approaches and Methods to Support Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security 845 316 1,161

2.5.3.P1 Management and Support to the ACC Network on Rural Development and Food Security 682 298 980

2.5.3.S1 Technical Support Services on Participatory Approaches, Institutional Development and Access to Land Resources 2,159 1,009 3,168

Total 8,208 502 8,710

253A1 – Access 21: Land Tenure Institution Building for Food Security and Sustainable Rural Development

440. Objective: to assist Members with effective policies, programmes, best practices and tools for land tenure to facilitate access to land, ensure user rights and improve land markets.

441. Biennial Outputs: guidelines for: a) government-assisted agrarian reform policies, ensuring an adequate gender perspective; b) land consolidation and development policies and procedures; c) education and training activities required for improved land tenure policies and land administration; and d) decentralisation of land administration capacities and responsibilities. Training materials for participatory diagnostics of common property resources in Lusophone countries as well as technical documents on key aspects of land tenure.

253A2 – Improved Rural Institutions and Services to Promote Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

442. Objective: to build the capacities of rural public institutions, private sector, and civil society organizations at all levels to design and implement poverty alleviation and food security programmes focused on small farmers, the rural poor and other marginalised groups.

443. Biennial Outputs: technical papers and guidelines on restructuring and decentralisation of agricultural services in major farming systems, with emphasis on privatisation; information and training materials on strengthening local stakeholders in institutional reform and decentralisation processes; capacity building of formal and informal farmers associations, cooperatives and inter-group structures; study on institutional changes in support of rural poverty alleviation.


253A4 – Participatory Approaches and Methods to Support Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security

444. Objective: to promote adoption and use in countries of improved participatory methods and tools in the formulation of policies and programmes for the equitable sharing of economic growth and development benefits.

445. Biennial Outputs: field-oriented materials on participatory approaches and methods to promote sustainable rural livelihoods; case-specific guidelines to strengthen local institutional capacities for disaster preparedness, prevention and long-term sustainable development in high-risk areas; indicators and methodologies to assess the degree and quality of participation in rural development and food security projects and programmes; electronic dissemination of best practices in participatory approaches, and global e-mail conference.

253P1 – Management and Support to the ACC Network on Rural Development and Food Security

446. Objectives: to catalyse governments’ efforts to implementing the World Food Summit Plan of Action and to foster collaboration among participating organizations in support of national efforts.

447. Biennial Outputs: consolidation of existing, and establishment of new Thematic Groups in Eastern European and Central Asian countries; guidelines for mobilising financial support for coordinated action and projects; assessment of results and impact of Thematic Groups in the Horn of Africa region; dissemination and exchange of information and knowledge through the Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC) Network website; electronic conferences on food security and rural development issues and best practices.

253S1 – Technical Support Services on Participatory Approaches, Institutional Development and Access to Land Resources

448. This entity provides direct advice and technical support to Members and the FAO field programme, including the SPFS and emergency activities, with particular emphasis on: a) land tenure and land administration; b) institutional reforms and decentralisation; c) capacity building of stakeholders; and d) participatory approaches.

Programme 2.5.6: Food Production in Support of Food Security in LIFDCs


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.5.6.P1 Coordination and Monitoring 1,071 228 1,2992.5.6.P2 SPFS Formulation 1,796 (468) 1,3282.5.6.P3 SPFS Implementation 7,403 831 8,234

Total 10,270 591 10,861

449. The SPFS will continue to support Low-income, Food-deficit Countries (LIFDCs) in their efforts to improve food security, both at household and national levels, through rapid increases in food production and productivity on an economically- and environmentally-sustainable basis, by reducing year-to year variability in agricultural production, and improving people’s access to food. A particular feature of the programme is South-South Cooperation (SSC). Based on solidarity and collaboration among developing countries, this initiative enables advanced developing countries to send field technicians and experts to specific recipient countries for a period of two to three years during which they work directly with rural communities. By February 2001, 19 SSC agreements have been signed. Approximately US$ 1.5 million of the resources under the programme are reimbursed to FAO units providing


technical support services for SPFS and a further US$ 300,000 is charged to the programme for administrative and operational support services.

256P1 – Coordination and Monitoring

450. Objective: to ensure coordinated support to the successful implementation of the SPFS.

451. Biennial Outputs: coordination of contributions from other units to the SPFS, identification of resource requirements, support to oversight structures; support to formulation missions and internal process of appraisal and approval of project documents and agreements; overall monitoring and reporting; dissemination of SPFS-related information, guidelines and technical documents.

256P2 – SPFS Formulation

452. Objective: to contribute to the orderly extension/expansion of the SPFS for the benefit of concerned countries.

453. Biennial Outputs: formulation of national SPFS programmes at Extension of Phase I and Phase II levels (in collaboration with TCI and other technical divisions); South-South Cooperation agreements within the framework of the SPFS.

256P3 – SPFS Implementation

454. Objective: to provide essential financial support to the SPFS, thereby catalysing donors’ interest.

455. Biennial Outputs: national SPFS programmes and projects at Phase I, Extension of Phase I and Phase II levels; implementation of South-South Cooperation agreements.



Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

2.5.9.S1 Departmental Direction 3,667 18 3,6852.5.9.S2 Divisional Direction 1,746 111 1,8572.5.9.S3 Regional and Sub-regional Direction 1,563 136 1,699

Total 6,976 265 7,241

456. This programme covers the immediate Office of Assistant Director-General (SDD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (SDDP), the offices of division directors and those parts of Regional Office direction attributable to sustainable development programmes.


CHAPTER 3: COOPERATION AND PARTNERSHIPS


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.1 Policy Assistance 27,042 1,231 28,273 15%3.2 Support to Investment 46,546 (815) 45,731 25%3.3 Field Operations 23,879 (2,900) 20,979 11%3.4 FAO Representatives 72,403 5,250 77,653 42%3.5 Cooperation with External Partners 8,786 792 9,578 5%3.9 Programme Management 882 1,146 2,028 1%

Total 179,538 4,704 184,242 100%


457. As evidenced in the above table and in the more detailed tables which follow, there are many instances of substantial net resource changes under the relevant programme headings. In this regard, it is pertinent to recall that, besides provisions from the Regular Budget Appropriation, total resources for this chapter are heavily dependent on external income, particularly under Major Programme 3.2, Support to Investment (contributions from partner financial institutions), and Major Programme 3.3, Field Operations (administrative and operational support services – AOS – reimbursement income). Therefore, budget estimates for the Programme of Work need to reflect the expected evolution of these external resources in the next biennium.

458. As importantly, the indicated provisions take account of the impact of two major restructuring initiatives in the current (2000-2001) biennium: on the one hand, the partial reorganisation of the Technical Cooperation Department (TC) at Headquarters affecting particularly the Field Operations Division (TCO) and the several units placed in the Office of Assistant Director-General; and on the other hand, the transfer to FAO Country Offices of a significant share of operational responsibilities for the implementation of field projects, coupled with concomitant reorganisation of the units dealing with operational and administrative matters in Regional Offices (cf. also section III. Budgetary Framework). A substantial portion of the savings generated by these initiatives can be ploughed back to needed strengthening of several areas, e.g. policy advisory services under Major Programme 3.1; a more advanced Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) under Major Programme 3.3; the FAORs under Major Programme 3.4; and World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood supportive structures under Major Programme 3.5, thereby limiting the overall net change for the chapter – which is even more apparent, if the special case of Programme 3.3.3, Emergency Response Operations, is discounted. Further explanations on resource changes are provided under the respective major programmes.


Major Programme 3.1: Policy Assistance(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.1.1 Coordination of Policy Assistance and Related Capacity Building 5,123 97 5,220 18%

3.1.2 Policy Assistance to Various Regions 15,061 695 15,756 56%3.1.3 Legal Assistance to Member Nations 3,087 112 3,199 11%3.1.9 Programme Management 3,771 327 4,098 14%

Total 27,042 1,231 28,273 100%


459. This major programme is central to the provision of sound policy advice to countries, and capacity building in the formulation and implementation of policies, strategies and programmes. It, therefore, embodies the policy interface between FAO and its Members, building on strong normative underpinning in areas falling under the Organization’s mandate. In this context, it is important to ensure close links between policy advice, country focus and field programme development, including a coherent approach by the policy assistance branches and units in Regional and Sub-regional Offices. Programme 3.1.2 covers the work of the latter units, while Programme 3.1.1 covers the remainder of the Policy Assistance Division’s (TCA) activities at Headquarters.

460. Main priorities include:

a) fostering in-house coordination in policy assistance;b) developing normative underpinning and policy guidelines;c) setting-up the required corporate, web-based country information system;d) conducting supportive thematic analyses;e) providing advisory and capacity building support to Members in relation to

forthcoming multilateral trade negotiations, and specific policy issues impinging on food security and sustainable agricultural development, including the preparation of national poverty reduction strategy papers;

f) assisting countries in the implementation of the World Food Summit Plan of Action; and

g) supporting the constraints analysis component and the Expansion Phase of the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), and the formulation of national agricultural rehabilitation programmes.

461. Programme 3.1.3, Legal Assistance to Member Nations, is designed to improve the legal and institutional framework for agricultural development and natural resources management in Member Nations. It is based on the premise that effective legal regimes must be designed for each country’s situation, and that FAO can bring to bear on these unique situations, important lessons of comparative experience. The overall objective is to make these lessons available in different ways, while specific priorities for the biennium will be to increase the participation of the Legal Office in inter-departmental groups, developing guidelines, plans of actions and other instruments to help governments frame national law and policy; and to expand coverage, and improve accessibility of FAO legislative information system.


462. The major part of the net increase in resources under this major programme is to strengthen activities of the decentralized policy assistance branches and units, particularly as


regards project identification and formulation and resource mobilisation, and for ensuring a stronger interface with the work of technical departments and divisions in key priority areas. It may be noted that two new technical projects have been introduced, with relatively small initial provisions, but with potential for future expansion, i.e. 311A1, Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning (replacing a former technical service agreement entity, with attendant resources); and 313A1, Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture. The latter entity is to give particular emphasis to fisheries and aquaculture, biological diversity and biosecurity, among other subject matters.

Programme 3.1.1: Coordination of Policy Assistanceand Related Capacity Building


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

3.1.1.A1 Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Planning 345 1 346

3.1.1.P1 Coordination of and Support to Policy Assistance and Advice 1,134 (74) 1,060

3.1.1.P2 Coordination of Field Programme Development Activities 1,173 (234) 9393.1.1.P3 Development of Training Materials and Methods in Food

and Agriculture Policy Analysis 1,340 (528) 8123.1.1.P4 Coordination of Country Focus 178 337 5153.1.1.S2 Technical Support to Capacity Building in Food,

Agriculture and Rural Development Planning and Policy Analysis 953 595 1,548

Total 5,123 97 5,220

311A1 – Development of On-line Training Capacity in Food, Agricultural and Rural Development Planning and Policy Analysis

463. Objective: to provide on-line training in food, agriculture and rural development policy and planning, thereby increasing the geographic coverage and number of participants in FAO capacity building activities.

464. Biennial Outputs: training materials for sector and sub-sector policy analysis and planning available on the web, and organisation of web-based training activities.

311P1 – Coordination of and Support to Policy Assistance and Advice

465. Objective: to ensure that effective and coordinated sectoral policy advice and assistance is efficiently delivered to Members.

466. Biennial Outputs: analysis of country briefs, sub-sectoral policy papers, and country policy reviews, while ensuring the necessary inputs from technical units; analysis of policy issues affecting food security, sustainable agriculture and rural development, drawing on various regional perspectives; coordinated plans for rehabilitation following emergencies.

311P2 – Coordination of Field Programme Development Activities

467. Objective: to ensure that country assistance frameworks, projects and programmes reflect the needs and priorities of recipient countries and the interests of donors.

468. Biennial Outputs: guidelines for programming technical cooperation at country level; continuous review of country technical assistance programmes and projects, while ensuring the


necessary inputs from technical units; overall coordination of field programme development activities of the Policy Assistance Branches.

311P3 – Development of Training Materials and Methods in Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis

469. Objective: to strengthen national capacities in policy analysis, and in formulation and implementation of agricultural and rural development policies and programmes.

470. Biennial Outputs: training materials for sector and sub-sector policy analysis.

311P4 – Coordination of Country Focus

471. Objective: to ensure that FAO’s support at national level can rely on comprehensive data on country situations, development constraints and potential for the use of FAO’s services.

472. Biennial Outputs: computer-based country information system available on the web, with country briefs, profiles and policy issues, along with databases to support programme development, including information on FAO capacities.

311S2 – Technical support to Capacity Building in Food, Agricultural and Rural Development Planning and Policy Analysis

473. This entity will include thematic work in priority areas, backstopping and technical support to field projects and organisation of regional and sub-regional training courses and workshops.

Programme 3.1.2: Policy Assistance to Various Regions


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

3.1.2.P1 Enhancement of Country Focus 2,385 (32) 2,3533.1.2.P2 Field Programme Development 4,320 94 4,4143.1.2.P3 Advice, Support and Training in Agricultural Policies 2,459 3,588 6,0473.1.2.S1 Advice in Sector Policy 3,390 (3,390) 03.1.2.S3 Technical Support to Field Programmes 2,507 435 2,942

Total 15,061 695 15,756

312P1 – Enhancement of Country Focus

474. Objective: to collect and update data on country situations, development constraints and potential.

475. Biennial Outputs: up-to-date country briefs and profiles, along with databases to support programme development and information to countries on FAO capacities and programmes.

312P2 – Field Programme Development

476. Objective: to ensure sound formulation of projects and programmes, also in line with FAO’s Strategic Framework.

477. Biennial Outputs: identification of project ideas (fiches) and management of the project cycle until project approval; programming mission reports; project and programme draft agreements for discussion with donors.


312P3 – Advice, Support and Training in Agricultural Policies

478. Objectives: to provide countries with policy options for food security, sustainable agriculture and rural development; and to strengthen local capacity for conducting policy analysis.

479. Biennial Outputs: papers on alternative policy options; national and regional policy workshops on critical policy issues; and promotion of participatory approach for policy formulation and policy advice (N.B. the somewhat artificial separation from previous entity 312S1 has been removed, and the latter merged into 312P3).

312S3 – Technical Support to the Field Programme

480. This entity aims at successful implementation of the field programme and projects, including SPFS and emergencies, ensuring inter alia adequate technical inputs from FAO.

Programme 3.1.3: Legal Assistance to Member Nations


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

3.1.3.A1 Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture 0 310 310

3.1.3.P1 Collection and Dissemination of Legal Information 1,151 (21) 1,1303.1.3.S1 Provision of Technical Advice 1,936 (177) 1,759

Total 3,087 112 3,199

313A1 – Support to the Development of a Regulatory Framework for Food and Agriculture

481. Objective: to develop an overall conceptual framework for national legislation, in particular to implement international obligations.

482. Biennial Outputs: guidelines, manuals, codes of conduct and action plans to provide the basis for national legislation.

313P1 – Collection and Dissemination of Legal Information

483. Objective: to provide Members with a multi-lingual source of information on legislation for food, agriculture, fisheries and forestry.

484. Biennial Outputs: full texts of laws on-line for 80 countries; publications in two subjects; approximately 1200 pages of printed and on-line narrative publications.

313S1 – Provision of Technical Advice

485. This entity is to provide direct advice, including draft legislation, and on-the-job training of national legal staff.


Major Programme 3.2: Support to Investment(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.2.1 FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme 25,260 11 25,271 55%3.2.2 Investment Support Programme 21,286 (826) 20,460 45%

Total 46,546 (815) 45,731 100%

486. This major programme will continue to promote investment in agriculture, rural development and sustainable use of natural resources. It will provide assistance in the preparation of investment and technical assistance projects that respond to the development priorities of developing and transition countries, and which meet the funding criteria of multilateral financing agencies. This work is performed by the Investment Centre Division (TCI) through cost-sharing arrangements with some 20 major financing and related institutions. On average, 60 percent of the total cost of FAO’s investment support work is met by extra-budgetary resources, including partner institutions and, increasingly, bilaterally-financed trust funds which meet part of the consultants’ costs.

487. A large part of the Division’s work will be the design of projects for the eradication of hunger and poverty alleviation, the goal shared by the Organization and nearly all cooperating financing institutions. During the course of the biennium, the Investment Centre also expects to expand activities aimed at mobilising transfers to countries of a non-lending nature. In particular, increased cooperation is foreseen with the Global Environment Facility (GEF), as well as exploring options for attracting resources to developing and transition countries for carbon sequestration. TCI will also assist countries in relation to the use of debt-for-development swaps.

488. The emphasis on food security and poverty alleviation implies that an increasing proportion of the Division’s resources will be focused on Africa and South Asia. The Investment Centre is expected to be particularly active in the Horn of Africa, assisting in the design of investment programmes following on the recommendations of the Inter-agency Task Force on the UN Response to Long-Term Food Security, Agricultural Development and Related Aspects in the Horn of Africa.


489. The provisions are in line with expected contributions from partner institutions. A small transfer is effected to the overall departmental Programme Management provision (Major Programme 3.9). The staffing structure has also been readjusted toward less senior-level positions and a more balanced mix of staff and consultants in investment project formulation work.

Programme 3.2.1: FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

3.2.1.1 FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme 22,217 252 22,4693.2.1.9 Programme Management 3,043 (241) 2,802

Total 25,260 11 25,271

490. The overall volume of activities of the World Bank Cooperative Programme will be maintained at the same level over the next two years, in line with the Memorandum of


Understanding (MOU) between FAO and the World Bank, whereby FAO covers 25 percent of the costs of the programme.

Programme 3.2.2: Investment Support Programme


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

3.2.2.1 Investment Support Programme 18,138 (936) 17,2023.2.2.9 Programme Management 3,148 110 3,258

Total 21,286 (826) 20,460

491. This programme mobilises flows of investment resources to agriculture, rural development and sustainable natural resources management, from financial institutions other than the World Bank. The overall demand for the services of the Investment Support Programme remains strong, although inter-annual shifts may occur in the levels of cooperation with individual institutions. Demand from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the African Development Bank (AfDB), both of which have increased their level of lending for the rural sector, is expected to remain steady. Joint work with the World Food Programme (WFP) is expected to continue at the level attained in 2000-2001.

Major Programme 3.3: Field Operations(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.3.1 Field Operations in Various Regions 14,106 (6,469) 7,637 36%3.3.2 Central Support and Special Activities 5,277 5 5,282 25%3.3.3 Emergency Response Operations 3,325 3,952 7,277 35%3.3.9 Programme Management 1,171 (388) 783 4%

Total 23,879 (2,900) 20,979 100%

492. As recalled above, significant changes to arrangements for handling the field programme have been introduced in the 2000-2001 biennium, with a view to: a) further reducing the cost of supporting the field programme, b) bringing operations of national projects closer to where the action takes place, and c) increasing efficiency. Operational responsibilities are henceforth distributed between Headquarters and the decentralized structure along the following broad lines: technical units at Headquarters are responsible for global and inter-regional projects; Regional Offices for regional projects; FAO Representations at country-level for national projects; while the Field Operations Division (TCO) continues to operate emergency projects.

493. The Field Operations Division has also been reorganised, and according to the new structure, TCO has overall responsibility for the field programme, including in particular:

a) analysing trends in field activities, preparing delivery forecasts and monitoring progress;

b) planning and coordinating field programmes and projects and supervising their implementation;

c) providing guidance to units responsible for field operations, advising on the designation of operational responsibilities and establishing the procedural framework for operations;


d) coordinating FAO’s response to emergency situations, implementing emergency relief and rehabilitation projects, and linking rehabilitation to longer-term development efforts;

e) managing and monitoring of the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP), the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) and other field-related activities, such as projects funded from TeleFood proceeds;

f) providing liaison with UN system inter-agency bodies responsible for field programme policy and operations; and

g) generally providing support to policy formulation related to the field programme.


494. While the underlying details are quite complex to describe, the indicated resource allocations can be understood as resulting from the following main factors.

a) The significant abolitions of field operations-related posts in the Regional Offices (Country Operations Officers – CPOs – and Operations Clerks), a major organizational streamlining which is itself linked to: the need to adjust to lower-expected levels of reimbursements of AOS costs; and the transfer of operational responsibilities to FAORs mentioned above; hence the substantial decline in resources under Programme 3.3.1. However, part of these resources, hitherto assigned to Regional Offices, must be transferred to Major Programme 3.4 to enable the FAO county offices to cope with their increased operational workload, where required.

b) The restructuring of the TCO Division and other units of the TC Department, including abolition of the former Senior Field Operations Inspector, and further substantial reductions under the fellowships component to maximise efficiencies and take account of income trends. However, provision is made for implementation of a more advanced FPMIS, hence the largely unchanged amount under Programme 3.3.2.

c) The impact of the significantly higher volume of support to emergencies, due principally to the Iraq assistance programme, provided by FAO’s Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) under Programme 3.3.3. As TCOR is entirely financed by levies on extra-budgetary contributions, its staff and other expenditures can – and in fact need to – be flexibly adjusted to evolving workloads.

d) Some transfers of resources between Programme 3.3.9 (Programme Management for the TCO division) and Major Programme 3.9 (Departmental Management), also reflecting the impact of restructuring measures introduced in the 2000-2001 biennium.

Programme 3.3.1: Field Operations in Various Regions

495. In line with the reorganised structure for field operations, a limited capacity is retained in Regional Offices, in the form of Operations Groups.

496. The latter operate projects in non-FAOR countries and complex and multi-disciplinary regional projects. In addition, they coordinate and analyse implementation reports from FAORs, keep an updated pipeline of country and regional projects, perform help-desk duties in support of the FAORs’ operational responsibilities, and keep Headquarters abreast of field programme developments in respective regions through TCO.

Programme 3.3.2: Central Support and Special Activities

497. This programme covers a number of key supporting activities to the Field Programme, such as: implementation of training and education in the field (except study tours); overall monitoring of project terminal reports; preparation and coordination of country briefs for use by senior management; field programme monitoring information; servicing of the revitalised Field Programme Committee; facilitation of project appraisal; etc.


498. The Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) is the Organization’s response to decentralized management and decision-making, including the transfer of responsibilities to country offices to be completed 2001, which itself has been feasible due to the introduction of modern information technology and accounting tools (Oracle and Data Warehouse). It aims at making available, to FAO Representatives and other decision-makers concerned with field project operations, up-to-date and comprehensive information on the status and evolution of projects they are operating or submitting for funding.

499. The basic foundations for the FPMIS were laid during 2000-2001, but additional resources are required in order to enhance the quality and content of the database for field documents and reports that can be retrieved, and to improve access from remote locations. While some of the documentation placed on the FPMIS (recent project documents, mission and technical field reports, etc.) are in electronic format, many need to be scanned in order to be accessible to a wider audience within FAO. The management of the project pipeline will be transferred to the FPMIS, thus improving and optimising the Organization’s response to requests for assistance and reducing the cost of the pipeline process.

500. This investment should, therefore, improve access by field offices to project information, facilitate the Organization’s reporting to donors, enable FAO’s management to monitor the field programme in real time and permit cost-oriented field programme management.

Programme 3.3.3: Emergency Response Operations

501. This programme covers the direct cost of the FAO Special Relief Operations Service (TCOR) which is responsible for managing emergency response operations. In the face of a growing volume of work, TCOR will continue to provide leadership for the assessment of emergency relief and early recovery needs, formulate and execute relief and rehabilitation projects, and assist national authorities in coordinating emergency agricultural assistance.

502. During 2000, TCOR dealt with 114 projects, providing emergency and relief assistance to 43 countries. The total new funding approved during the year 2000 amounted to US$ 468 million, of which more than US$ 400 million related to Iraq under the terms of Security Council Resolution 986, US$ 55 million from Trust Fund donors and other UN organizations, and US$ 10 million under Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) funding. Staffing for the unit is largely funded from direct operating cost earnings.

Major Programme 3.4: FAO Representatives(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.4.0 FAO Representatives 72,403 5,250 77,653 100%

Total 72,403 5,250 77,653 100%

503. During the 2002-03 biennium, the geographic coverage of the network of FAO Representatives (FAORs) is expected to reach a total of 130 countries, compared to the 116 countries foreseen in the Programme of Work and Budget 2000-01. This will include 78 country offices, 4 countries served by Regional Offices, 37 countries covered through multiple accreditations and/or National Correspondents, and 11 countries benefiting from the new outposted technical officer scheme approved by the Council at its 119th session. It should be noted that the budgetary data does not yet reflect that portion of the staff time of the outposted technical officers attributable to FAOR tasks. This will be adjusted in the full Programme of Work and Budget by which time, the posts concerned will have been identified.


504. FAORs will continue to be the essential focal point for contact with the respective host governments, civil society and the donor community in countries of accreditation. They help focus FAO’s expertise where and when it is most needed, monitor national developments relevant to food and agriculture, and channel and coordinate FAO’s technical cooperation activities. They also play a role in emergencies in FAO’s areas of competence, initiating and supporting necessary actions. The FAORs thus contribute to the effective attainment of the Organization’s Strategic Objectives and ensure synergy between operational and normative activities at the country level.

505. FAORs in fact closely relate to the strategies to address cross-organizational issues highlighted in the Strategic Framework 2000-2015. They have a particular role in: a) enhancing inter-disciplinarity, as the leaders of the FAO country teams; b) broadening partnerships and alliances with development partners, particularly within the UN system and civil society organizations; c) leveraging resources for FAO field programme, through contacts with local representatives of the donor community; and d) communicating FAO’s messages, interacting with local media, particularly within the framework of World Food Day Special Events, including TeleFood.

506. In addition, the majority of FAO Representations have assumed operational responsibilities for national projects in the 2000-2001 biennium, and are expected to play an increasing role in the development of the field programme. In this context, FAORs will continue to have access to limited resources, for instance through the small-scale facility and TCP to assist them in meeting requests for technical or policy support through recourse to local expertise.

507. The expansion of the network of country offices and their assumption of additional functions, will require strengthening of their professional capacity. Therefore, the staffing level of each office has been the subject of an in-depth review, the results of which will be implemented in 2002-03. The total number of posts of National Professional Officers (NPOs) will increase from 65 to 92, by replacing 27 previous posts of Programme Assistant or Programme Clerk. To bring the NPO category in line with general UN practice, a number of NPO posts will be upgraded. In order to support the decentralization of project operations, some 15 posts (NPOs and general service) will be created, and additional non-staff resources will be provided with AOS funding (see Major Programme 3.3 above).

508. To allow FAORs to assume their new operational functions, a substantial training programme will cover, inter alia, general management skills and project cycle management, particularly project formulation and implementation. Ongoing training for the enhancement of computer and language skills and briefing sessions for newly recruited FAORs, NPOs and Administrative Officers will continue. Training on staff security will be provided in collaboration with other UN organizations. This effort comprises further strengthening of the information and communication systems for FAO Representations.

509. The major programme also covers management and administrative backstopping services to FAORs from the Office for Coordination of Normative, Operational and Decentralized Activities (OCD) at Headquarters. This includes handling of field security and emergency-related matters as well as FAO’s liaison with the UN Security Coordinator’s Office. Some adjustments are made to staff positions within OCD, to further rationalise workflow.


510. As mentioned above, part of the net increase in resources (approximately US$ 1.6 million) is due to the additional allocation of AOS income in order to enable selected country offices to cope with increased operational workloads, which can be shifted from Major Programme 3.3.


511. The remainder of the net increase is to serve essentially two purposes:

a) augmenting FAO’s contribution to the functioning of the eleven new country representations, based on the outposted technical officer arrangement introduced in 2001, beyond the cost of the latter officers. In relieving the concerned host countries from part of the substantial obligations inherent in this scheme, this should bring some measure of fairness in relation to other countries benefiting from a fully-fledged FAO office; and

b) strengthening the human resource capacities of FAO representations, through additional staff to fill critical gaps and the extensive training required by ever-increasing responsibilities, and for the necessary substantial upgrades of telecommunications and computer equipment for their efficient functioning.

Major Programme 3.5: Cooperation with External Partners(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.5.1 Multilateral and Bilateral Agencies 3,139 233 3,372 35%3.5.2 Civil Society Awareness and Partnerships 4,394 564 4,958 52%3.5.3 Cooperation Agreements with Member Nations

and Support to ECDC and TCDC 1,253 (5) 1,248 13%

Total 8,786 792 9,578 100%

512. Programme 3.5.1 will aim at the further expansion and diversification of FAO Trust Fund through sustained and dynamic dialogue with all development partners consistent with the strategies to leverage resources for FAO and its Members approved as part of the Strategic Framework. This should also increase the relevance and visibility of the Organization in support of food security and agricultural and rural development. Within this overall context, emphasis will be placed on strategic alliances with key donor countries, based on a programme approach, shared priorities and synergies both in field operations and normative activities. For this purpose, areas of interest to donors will be reviewed annually in consultation with the technical departments. Resource mobilisation efforts will include annual (or semi-annual) multi-donor meetings, annual consultations with major donors and ad hoc meetings with selected donors, with a view to presenting FAO’s priority programmes and projects requiring donor support.

513. Attention will continue to be paid to the development of the Unilateral Trust Fund (UTF) programme, both within the framework of World Bank-funded investment programmes and through nationally funded technical assistance projects. Special consideration will be accorded to countries willing to utilise their own resources to finance SPFS projects, as a major vehicle for the attainment of WFS goals. The Associate Professional Officer (APO) programme should further facilitate the integration of fresh approaches, cutting-edge technology and advanced computer applications into FAO’s work. Donors will be encouraged to sponsor an increasing number of APOs from developing countries.

514. Programme 3.5.2 addresses important components of the cross-organizational strategy on Broadening Partnerships and Alliances. The document on Policy and Strategy for Cooperation with NGOs and CSOs issued in the previous biennium will provide the basis for collaboration with these two important groups of partners. Operating through a network of non-governmental organization (NGO)/civil society organization (CSO) focal points in technical divisions and field offices, the programme will pursue a combination of information activities (web-site, databases, etc), policy dialogue (regional consultations, NGO/CSO thematic networks, establishment of an NGO/CSO Advisory Committee), and field-level work (capacity building, cooperation with NGOs in relief and rehabilitation programmes and projects).


515. In its outreach to the private sector, the programme plays a catalytic role in identifying and attracting private sector partners (including associations, foundations, etc.) for cooperation with FAO. It will facilitate innovative cooperation arrangements initiated by the technical divisions, and will take oversight responsibility for policy and operational frameworks and guidance. An Advisory Board is to ensure that cooperation proposals respect established principles and criteria.

516. Programme 3.5.2 also includes the work in the General Affairs and Information Department (GI) for coordination, planning and implementation of World Food Day activities, the use of FAO Ambassadors, and for promotion of country-level involvement and civil society participation through the dissemination of information materials. World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood will continue to be key corporate efforts aimed principally at raising public awareness of the plight of the hungry while also mobilising resources to fund micro-projects targeted at helping poor farmers. It may be noted that the public information contribution of the Information Division (GII) is under Programme 5.1.1.

517. Under Programme 3.5.3, OCD will continue to promote the expanded use of FAO partnership agreements, i.e. for Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC)/ Technical Cooperation among Countries in Transition (TCCT) experts, visiting experts from academic and research institutions, retired experts, and on-the-job training of young professionals, in activities funded by both the Regular Programme and extra-budgetary resources. A major qualitative dimension is that these programmes should respond to the evolving needs of Members, while seeking innovative approaches. Strengthening of Members’ participation in the various partnership programmes will be sought by disseminating pertinent information through recourse to modern information technology.


518. The only significant resource change is under Programme 3.5.2, to consolidate and formalise TeleFood supporting structures, within the framework of World Food Day Special Events. In effect, World Food Day Special Events/TeleFood were so far largely supported through ad hoc arrangements (including temporary posts and occasional reliance on fortuitous savings in other areas), a formula which is clearly not appropriate for a now well-established activity, as sanctioned by Conference Resolution 3/97. In particular, a new post of Deputy Executive Coordinator is to be established. A limited contribution from the liaison office for North America is also reflected.

Major Programme 3.9: Programme Management(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

3.9.0 Programme Management 882 1,146 2,028 100%

Total 882 1,146 2,028 100%

519. This major programme covers the direct Office of the Assistant Director-General (TCD), including the Programme Coordination Unit (TCDP) and a consolidated departmental Registry as the result of restructuring. Hence, the net increase shown, stemming from transfers from other programmes under the chapter.


CHAPTER 4: TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

4.1 Technical Cooperation Programme 89,118 9,788 98,906 97%4.2 TCP Unit 2,337 476 2,813 3%

Total 91,455 10,264 101,719 100%

520. The Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) will continue to respond to urgent or unforeseen requests for technical assistance of Members, in close association with other components of the Regular Programme. It will keep to its main characteristics: ability to respond to urgent requests; limited project duration; low costs; practical orientation; and catalytic role and complementarity to other sources of assistance.

521. Updated statistical information is provided below. Since the creation of TCP in 1976, 6,895 projects were approved, for a total amount of US$ 816 million, an average allocation of about US$ 118,000 per project.

Distribution of TCP Allocations by Region (US$ million)

Year/Biennia Africa Asia and Pacific Europe Latin Americaand Caribbean

Near East

2000 15.2 8.9 4.5 9.0 5.8

1998-99 37.2 17.6 9.6 17.2 10.0

1996-97 36.8 19.7 9.7 17.3 9.9

1994-95 38.8 22.7 5.5 16.9 9.1

1992-93 35.1 19.1 4.8 16.8 12.2

Distribution of TCP Allocations by Categories (Percentages)

1996-97 1998-99 2000

Training (T) 14.6 12.6 18.2

Advisory Services (A) 56.0 42.9 43.7

Emergency (E) 25.8 32.0 21.8

Investment (I) 1.8 1.2 1.9

Formulation/Programming (F) 1.5 1.0 1.1

Support to TCDC (C) 0.1 0.0 0.4

Support to Development (D) 0.2 10.3 12.9

522. Criteria for TCP assistance, as established by FAO Governing Bodies, are summarised below. Requests should:

a) give emphasis to increasing production in food and agriculture, fisheries or forestry, particularly with a view to raising incomes of small-scale producers and rural workers;


b) be accorded high-priority by the government, which must also ensure that local support facilities and services are available and that follow-up action will be taken;

c) be directed to an urgent and specific problem or need, fill a critical gap, limited to a particular sector or area, and involve practical action with well-defined objectives and expected results;

d) be limited in duration, preferably from one to three months; in no case should the overall duration of project activities exceed 24 months;

e) be limited in cost, not exceeding US$ 400,000 per project and preferably much lower, and involve the most-effective and least-costly method of execution; and

f) provide assurance of the fullest possible participation of the government in project execution, through such means as the use of national institutions, personnel and resources.

523. TCP also supports projects within the framework of the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), to the extent that the TCP criteria are met. In addition, a Facility has been established for use by FAO Representatives to enable them to meet requests directly through recruitment of local consultants.

524. TCP is managed and coordinated by the Technical Cooperation Programme Service (TCOT), previously a Unit in the Office of the Assistant Director-General, and now part of the TCO Division, which ensures adherence of approved projects to the TCP criteria, coordinates the appraisal of requests and the Organization’s response to incoming requests for TCP assistance. FAO Representatives, technical officers in Regional and Sub-regional Offices and at Headquarters, participate in the formulation and appraisal process. During implementation, TCOT reviews and monitors, in close cooperation with field and Headquarters offices, the performance of the programme as a whole, of individual projects, and in terms of thematic clusters of TCP projects. In the latter case, four evaluations have been carried out so far covering projects in the fields of food control, apiculture and sericulture, legal assistance and policy advice.

525. As for the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), part of the resources under Major Programme 4.1 is subject to transfer, as reimbursement of administrative and operational support services (AOS) and technical support services (TSS) provided by the relevant units. The related provision for these expenditures in support of TCP are US$ 7.3 million for AOS, and US$ 4.1 million for TSS largely under technical programmes and for evaluation.


526. The tentative resource projections in the Medium Term Plan 2002-2007 included an increase in TCP resources under Chapter 4 of the Programme of Work and Budget to take the share of this chapter to 17 percent of the total FAO Regular Budget Appropriation by the end of the period, as called for by Conference Resolution 9/89. The share envisaged for the first biennium (2002-2003) of the six-year plan period was 14.9 percent and the overall increase of US$ 10.3 million in the current Summary Programme of Work and Budget proposals aims to maintain this percentage. It may be noted that the eventual percentage of the Appropriation under Chapter 4 will change as a result of Conference decisions, including the impact of the rate of exchange adopted next November.

527. Besides the call to increase resources for TCP embodied in the above Conference Resolution, a combination of structural factors militate for such an increase. In the first instance, account must be taken of the increase in the number of Member Nations that are eligible for assistance from the Technical Cooperation Programme (e.g. in 1990, FAO had 157 Members, while the membership now stands at 180). As a result, for instance, the share of the European region in TCP assistance has increased from less than 5 percent in 1992-93 to over 10 percent in 2000, affecting of course the share of other regions.


528. There is also a phenomenon of increasing complexity of TCP projects, due to increased use of national consultants, TCDC experts and FAO staff for advisory services. In addition, there are demands for assistance in new fields, in particular following the decisions of the World Food Summit, for example:

a) projects in the framework of the SPFS – leading to substantial donor funding – initially limited to the water control component, and more recently expanding to other components of the SPFS;

b) support to national food control systems and national food safety;c) establishment of national Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping

System (FIVIMS) in food insecure countries; andd) training for World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade negotiations (MTN).

529. Moreover, there has been a surge in demands for emergency assistance requests, from 97 projects at a cost of US$16.9 million in 1992-93 to 106 projects representing US$ 29.3 million in 1998-99. Complex emergencies caused by natural calamities as well as socio-political conflicts have increased, and most emergency TCP assistance has moved away from relatively straightforward provision of inputs, to arrangements that aim at interacting with donors and recipient countries, with a view to optimising relief and rehabilitation for the rural and agricultural sector. Requests for assistance to settle refugees temporarily in host countries or to support them with seeds and agricultural tools for their return are also on the rise. This context leads to additional requests for technical support in programme formulation for rehabilitation following emergencies.

530. These various developments have resulted in a decline of the number of projects approved in every biennium from 551 in 1990-91, down to 430 in 1998-99 and 191 projects in 2000, whereas the average cost for individual projects has increased from US$ 147,600 in 1992-93 to US$ 227,600 in 2000. Normally, FAO receives some 800-900 requests for TCP assistance per biennium; and every year some 250-300 requests – for an overall value of US$ 60 to 75 million – remain unattended, and need to be carried forward to the subsequent biennium or abandoned.

531. At the same time, the substantial decline in extra-budgetary funding for FAO’s technical support and cooperation with developing countries, mainly due to the decline of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) financing, implies that many Members, including Low-income, Food-deficit Countries (LIFDCs) very often can only resort to TCP in order to access FAO’s expertise in response to urgent and unforeseen needs.

532. All these factors support the wish of Members benefiting from TCP assistance, to see an increased share of TCP to the total Appropriation. Within the chapter, it is also necessary to strengthen the TCP Unit (Major Programme 4.2) in its essential coordination and supportive roles, particularly with a view to speeding up the approval process.


CHAPTER 5: SUPPORT SERVICES


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

5.1 Information and Publications Support 16,560 680 17,240 26%5.2 Administration 48,767 776 49,543 74%

Total 65,327 1,456 66,783 100%

Major Programme 5.1: Information and Publications Support(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

5.1.1 Public Information and Publications Support 15,386 669 16,055 93%5.1.9 Programme Management 1,174 11 1,185 7%

Total 16,560 680 17,240 100%

533. Major Programme 5.1 consists of Programmes 5.1.1 and 5.1.9, which relate to the work of the Information Division (GII) and its ouposted Information Officers in the Regional Offices, and programme management by GII and the Office of Assistant Director-General, General Affairs and Information Department (GID). It spearheads implementation of the Corporate Communications Policy and strategy.


534. The net increase of resources would allow for a number of qualitative improvements to GII’s information and publication support activities, primarily through: a post of Arabic Language Editor (enhancing the quality of outputs in that language), making full use of the public relations potential of the Atrium at Headquarters, and ensuring a consistent corporate image of the vast wealth of FAO media-oriented and printed information products. It will also facilitate media outreach in decentralized offices. At the same time, adjustments in staffing are made to reflect fast technological changes in this sector.

Programme 5.1.1: Public Information and Publications Support

535. This programme aims to take a high-impact approach to communicating priority messages to FAO’s major audiences. It will focus on the Organization’s policies and programmes, and will promote the goals of the World Food Summit (WFS), highlighting the importance of concerted action to ensure food security. The target audiences will comprise media, civil society organizations (CSOs), including women and youth organizations, technical and institutional partners as well as governments and the general public. Promotion of World Food Day and support to TeleFood activities will continue.

536. GII will continue to provide advisory services with respect to the Organization’s Corporate Communication Policy, including guidance to technical departments in formulating annual communication plans to ensure focused, cost-effective communication and give FAO a distinctive visual identity. The division will seek the integration of media (television, radio and


Internet) to create a dynamic, interactive homepage as a primary outlet for news and information about FAO’s work in the official languages of the Organization. New information activities through the Atrium Exhibition Centre and a revamped Visitors’ Resource Centre, will be implemented. Productive media relations through cooperative arrangements and external partnerships will aim to bring greater visibility to field projects, FAO’s normative work and issues of regional and national interest. Printed information products in all language versions will continue to be produced and distributed, bearing in mind imperatives of cost effectiveness and efficiency.

537. Emphasis will continue to be placed on close cooperation between Headquarters and the decentralized offices to respond to local needs and demands through the Information Officers in the Regional Office for Africa (RAF), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP), Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (RLC), and the Regional Office for the Near East (RNE). One Information Officer covers the European region and is assigned to the Regional Office for Europe (REU), while another Information Officer is now located in the Liaison Office for North America (LOWA).


538. This programme covers the applicable portion of the cost of GID, including the Programme Coordination Unit (GIDP) and the divisional direction of GII.

Major Programme 5.2: Administration(All amounts in US$ 000)


of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

5.2.1 Financial Services 21,196 1,404 22,600 46%5.2.2 Information Systems and Technology Services 2,530 (773) 1,757 4%5.2.3 Human Resources Services 18,698 872 19,570 40%5.2.9 Programme Management 6,343 (727) 5,616 11%

Total 48,767 776 49,543 100%

539. Major Programme 5.2 includes the provisions for the financial, computer and personnel services provided by the Administration and Finance Department (AF) and provisions for related services in the Regional and Sub-regional Offices. It also includes the Office of Assistant Director-General, AF (AFD), and the share of the overall Management Support Service (MSS) cost relating to the provision of management services to AF divisions.


540. The net changes in resources reflect a combination of different factors. In the first instance the efforts to implement further savings, particularly through the abolition of a number of posts in the Office of Assistant Director-General (AFD) and the Personnel Division (AFP), so as to be able to meet substantial additional costs required to bring the Finance Division (AFF) up to the staffing level considered essential to effectively manage the new financial systems (e.g. Oracle). Amounts totalling approximately US$ 5 million have also been provided for the subsequent development phases of the Oracle-based major overhaul of FAO’s financial and administrative systems (e.g. payroll, data warehouse financial information, human resource module). The amount is considered provisional as work is currently underway to identify the full cost of Phase II which may be as much as US$ 10 million in the next biennium. Hence, the provisions indicated assume that additional resources for this purpose will be made available from the expected payment of arrears. A more precise picture should be available in the full Programme of Work and Budget. Secondly, some posts of the Information Systems and


Technology Division (AFI), hitherto under Programme 5.2.2, have been moved to the pool managed by this division – the cost of which is spread throughout the Organization according to actual use of computer services. Thirdly, resources have been transferred from Major Programme 5.2 to the following Chapter 6, particularly affecting respective programme management provisions (5.2.9 and 6.0.0.9).

Programme 5.2.1: Financial Services

541. The primary functions of the Finance Division (AFF) are to maintain the accounts of the Organization to the highest standards with reference to UN Accounting Standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and to provide accurate financial information to all levels within the Organization and to the Governing Bodies.

542. The main focus of AFF in the 2002-03 biennium will be directed towards consolidation of FAO’s financial systems. This will include further refinement of the systems and procedural changes already implemented to support the rationalisation and decentralization of the budget management process and transaction processing throughout the Organization. It is hoped that this will be achieved within existing resource levels, although some one-time costs of stabilising the new systems may still be incurred in 2002. It is proposed that such additional resources, as may be required, be allocated from arrears.

543. AFF will actively support the management of the change process, providing benefits throughout the Organization, and will continue its own internal reorganization, in line with the absorption of new business procedures.

Programme 5.2.2: Information Systems and Technology Services

544. The provision under this programme covers only the direct managerial costs of the Information Systems and Technology Division (AFI), with the exception of the Director and his Secretary who are shown under Programme Management. The remaining costs of information technology (IT) services, amounting to approximately US$ 27.4 million in 2002-03, are distributed to the various programmes making use of the information technology infrastructure, network and telecommunications services and of computerized applications.

545. In line with vastly expanded use of information systems and new technologies, AFI will continue to assist programme managers and technical staff in applying modern communication tools and techniques. The development and coordination of corporate systems and applications within the framework of corporate and departmental strategies requires that AFI undertake the overall management of shared computer resources and telecommunications infrastructure, including local and wide-area network management and Internet systems management.

546. Through its collaboration in the development and maintenance of key components, AFI assists in the delivery of the programmes of the Organization through computer application initiatives such as the World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT), Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (FIVIMS), Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS), INFOSYLVA and FAOMAP, all of which make heavy use of Internet-based technology.

547. AFI will devote much of its time and resources in 2002-03 to: upgrade of Oracle applications; new releases and their further development and support; implementation of systems in support of decentralization of project operations to FAO Representations; replacement of legacy Human Resources and Payroll systems; and provision of the required computer infrastructure.


Programme 5.2.3: Human Resources Services

548. The Personnel Division (AFP) – and the Medical Unit are covered under this programme. AFP will continue to address the broad spectrum of human resources management issues. The functions of the division have been evolving over the last two biennia, from a traditional rules-based prescriptive approach to a more strategic one, involving the provision of policy and advisory services. A more integrated approach is also being implemented with respect to human resources planning and human resources development.

549. The proposed structure of AFP seeks to reflect this strategic change, with three organizational units reporting to its Director: Human Resources Development Service Unit (AFPO), Human Resources Policy, Planning and Systems Service (AFPP), and a Legal Matters Unit. The division will implement important initiatives focusing on such aspects as: targeted recruitment and development programmes for young professionals to replace skills that will be lost through retirement; review of jobs within the general service category to ensure that they meet future needs of the Organization and support career development of staff; assurance that gender and diversity issues are integrated into the mainstream of human resources management activities; and an enhanced programme of staff development, with particular emphasis on supporting key cross-organizational themes emerging from the Strategic Framework and the Medium Term Plan (MTP). The implementation of Oracle Phase II (human resources module) in 2002-03, delayed from 2000-01, will require a large commitment from the Human Resources Division.

550. Within the UN system, AFP will continue to participate in inter-agency consultations, particularly relating to the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) and the UN Joint Staff Pension Fund, in order to maintain a common approach on personnel matters.

551. The Medical Unit will continue to fulfil its mandate of maintaining and improving the health of staff. Further to initiatives already carried out (work station ergonomic assessment, physiotherapy and extended travel clinic), it will introduce a dispensary and walk-in-clinic, as well as preventative programmes on the basis of data from the Occupational Health Information System now implemented.


552. This programme covers AFD, the offices of division directors, the direct managerial costs of the Management Support Service (MSS) and the portion of the distributed costs of the MSS corresponding to the service provided to the AF Department. The remaining costs of the MSS, amounting to approximately US$ 6.9 million, are distributed to the various management programmes of Headquarters departments being serviced by the MSS.


CHAPTER 6: COMMON SERVICES


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

6.0 Common Services 44,790 899 45,689 100%

Total 44,790 899 45,689 100%

553. This chapter covers the cost of common services, including mail and pouch, document distribution, archives and records, procurement, buildings maintenance and security at Headquarters, under the management of the Administrative Services Division (AFS). It also covers similar costs for common services in the Regional and Sub-regional Offices.


554. As explained under the preceding chapter, and further down below under the appropriate sub-programmes, the changes in resources are primarily on account of transfers from Major Programme 5.2.

Documents, Central Records and Communications User Services

555. Sub-programme 6.0.0.1 covers mail, diplomatic pouch, document distribution and archives. With the introduction of the Digital Records Management System, the Archives Group is progressively addressing the requirements of ongoing maintenance of digital archives.

Buildings Maintenance

556. As a first priority, sub-programme 6.0.0.2 is to cover the cost of utilities and ongoing maintenance requirements including cleaning, renovation and refurbishment. It also includes one-off major maintenance for the buildings and for ancillary technical installations. As in the past, the budgetary provision for major maintenance works and upgrading of the infrastructure remains tight. For infrastructure improvements, reliance is being placed more than ever on the support of the Italian Government as well as governmental and corporate donors. Main activities will include monitoring of the construction of the new library, and other important works in buildings A (restructuring to meet EU security and safety standards) and D (air-conditioning and sanitary installations) – all projects financed by the host government – and the execution of important works (e.g. building signs, signals and markings; fire detection and extinguishing systems; meeting documents distribution desk).

Procurement

557. Sub-programme 6.0.0.3 covers the Procurement Service (AFSP), which uses purchasing or contract instruments for national and international tendering and related procurement activities for both the regular and field programmes. Because of emergency work, procurement functions have expanded considerably and a high level of activities is expected to continue. AFSP will further assist decentralized offices in the implementation of procurement activities. During the 2002-03 biennium, operative procedures will continue to be monitored and necessary modifications made, based on the requirements of Oracle applications and the Field Accounting System (FAS). The Service will also review and seek to take advantage of any efficiencies to be gained through the expanded use of Internet and other tools. There is transfer of responsibilities from the Finance Division (AFF) to the Procurement Service concerning payment of invoices.


Security and Transport

558. This sub-programme covers the protection of people, property and premises at Headquarters, and related coordination with government authorities. It also includes fire prevention, and local official transport. All functions concerning the issuance of building passes – some of which used to be fulfilled be the Conference, Council and Protocol Affairs Division (GIC) – have been centralised in the Security and Transport Branch. A main activity will be the development of new security plans, taking into account the possibilities offered by recent infrastructure enhancements and new technologies, placing emphasis on fire prevention.

559. Sub-programme 6.0.0.9 now covers the entire office of the Director, AFS, part of which used to be covered under Chapter 5, Support Services. The office of the Director is heavily involved with massive procurement operations in Iraq, necessary monitoring of important infrastructure projects at Headquarters, and the expanded activities to attract sponsors.


CHAPTER 7: CONTINGENCIES


Programme of Work

Programme Change

2002-03 Programme

of Work

Percent of Total

7.0 Contingencies 600 0 600 100%

Total 600 0 600 100%

560. The provision for contingencies remains unchanged since the Programme of Work and Budget 1980-81 (when the approved budget level was only US$ 278 million).


LIST OF ACRONYMS

ACC Administrative Committee on Coordination

ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

AEZ Agro-ecological zone

AF Administration and Finance Department

AfDB African Development Bank

AFF Finance Division

AFI Information Systems and Technology Division

AFP Personnel Division

AFS Administrative Services Division

AG Agriculture Department

AGA Animal Production and Health Division

AGL Land and Water Development Division

AGLINET Worldwide Network of Agricultural Libraries

AGP Plant Production and Protection Division

AGRIS International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

AGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus of Agricultural Terminology

AGS Agricultural Support Systems Division

AnGR Animal genetic resources

AOS Administrative and operational support services

APO Associate Professional Officer

AQUASTAT Rural Water Statistical System

ASF African swine fever

AUD Office of the Inspector-General

CARIS Current Agricultural Research Information System

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CCD Convention to Combat Desertification (UN)

CCLM Committee on Constitutional and Legal Matters

CFC Common Fund for Commodities

CFS Committee on World Food Security

CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CGRFA Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

COAG Committee on Agriculture

COAIM Consultation on Agricultural Information Management

COFI Committee on Fisheries


COFO Committee on Forestry

CSD Commission on Sustainable Development (UN)

CSO Civil society organization

CSSD Consultative Sub-committee on Surplus Disposal

DAD-IS Domestic Animal Diversity Information System

ECDC Economic Cooperation among Developing Countries

ECG Emergency Coordination Group (FAO)

EMPRES Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases

ES Economic and Social Department

ESC Commodities and Trade Division

ESN Food and Nutrition Division

ESS Statistics Division

EU European Union

FAOINFO FAO Information Database

FAOR FAO Representative

FAOSTAT Corporate Database for Substantive Statistical Data

FARM-Net Farm Information Networks

FAS Field Accounting System

FBS Food balance sheet

FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change

FI Fisheries Department

FIGIS Fisheries Global Information System

FISHSTAT Computer System for Global Fish Catches

FIVIMS Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System

FMD Foot-and-mouth disease

FO Forestry Department

FORIS Forestry Information System

FPMIS Field Programme Management Information System

GEF Global Environment Facility

GFAR Global Forum on Agricultural Research

GI General Affairs and Information Department

GIC Conference, Council and Protocol Affairs Division

GIDN Unit for Liaison with National Committees

GIEWS Global Information and Early Warning System

GII Information Division

GIL Library and Documentation Systems Division


GIS Geographical Information System

GMO Genetically modified organism

GPA Global Plan of Action

GPA Grade point average

GREP Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme

HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (System)

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

IAWG Inter-agency Working Group

ICSC International Civil Service Commission

ICT Information and communication technology

IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

IGG Intergovernmental Group

IGO Intergovernmental Organization

INFARM Farm and Farming Systems Database

INFOCRIS International Food Contaminant and Residue Information System

INFONetwork Fish Marketing Information Services

INPHO Information Network on Post-Harvest Operations

IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IPOA International Plan of Action

IPPC International Plant Protection Convention

IPTRID International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage

IRC International Rice Commission

ITWG Intergovernmental Technical Working Group

IUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organizations

JIU Joint Inspection Unit

LEG Legal Office

LIFDC Low-income, Food-deficit Country

LOGE Liaison Office with the United Nations (Geneva)

LOWA Liaison Office for North America

MRL Maximum residue limit

MSS Management Support Service

MSU Management Support Unit

MTN Multilateral trade negotiations

MTP Medium Term Plan

NARS National Agricultural Research Systems


NGO Non-governmental Organization

NPO National Professional Officer

NWFP Non-wood forest products

OCD Office for Coordination of Normative, Operational and Decentralized Activities

ODG Office of the Director-General

PAAT Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis

PAIA Priority Area for Inter-disciplinary Action

PBE Office of Programme, Budget and Evaluation

PCU Programme Coordination Unit

PGRFA Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

PIC Prior Informed Consent

PLANSYS Computerized Programme Planning and Budgeting System

PPR Peste des petits ruminants

PWB Programme of Work and Budget

RAF Regional Office for Africa

RAIS Regional Agricultural Information Systems

RAP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

REFORGEN Global Information System on Forest Genetic Resources

REU Regional Office for Europe

RLC Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean

RNE Regional Office for the Near East

RP Rinderpest

SAD Special Advisers to the Director-General

SADC Southern African Development Community

SAFR Sub-regional Office for Southern and East Africa

SARD Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

SD Sustainable Development Department

SDA Rural Development Division

SDR Research, Extension and Training Division

SDW Gender and Population Division

SEAGA Socio-economic and Gender Analysis Programme

SFI Soil Fertility Initiative

SIT Sterile insect technique

SNEA Sub-regional Office for North Africa

SOFA State of Food and Agriculture

SOFI State of Food Insecurity in the World

SOFIA State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture


SOFO State of the World's Forests

SPFS Special Programme for Food Security

SPWB Summary Programme of Work and Budget

SRA Special Reserve Account

SSC South-South Cooperation

STS Support for Technical Services

SUA Supply/Utilization Account

TAC Technical Advisory Committee

TAD Transboundary animal disease

TC Technical Cooperation Department

TCA Policy Assistance Division

TCDC Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries

TCI Investment Centre Division

TCO Field Operations Division

TCOR Special Relief Operations Service

TCP Technical Cooperation Programme

TSS Technical support services

UN United Nations

UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

UTF Unilateral Trust Fund

VERCON Virtual Extension Research Communication Networks

WAICENT World Agricultural Information Centre

WAIR World Agriculture Information Resource System

WFC Working Capital Fund

WFP World Food Programme

WFS World Food Summit

WHO World Health Organization

WIEWS World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic Resources

WTO World Trade Organization