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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Directional Terms and Body Cavities
Surface Anatomy
Anatomical Position standing feet together with toes up hands at sides palms facing
forward When laying down
face down = prone face up = supine
Left and Right are from subjects perspective
Anatomical Planes
Anatomical Planes are: a description of self-
space space immediately
surrounding body that is available for movement
Anatomy Directional Terms Rt and Lf are from
specimen perspective Anterior
the front, before Ventral
belly side equivalent to anterior
when referring to humans
Posterior (dorsal) the back, behind
Superior (cranial) above, toward top
Inferior (caudal) below, toward feet
More Anatomy Directional Terms Medial
toward midsagittal plane Lateral
away from midsagittal plane Proximal
toward attached body part the elbow is proximal to the
hand Distal
away from attached body part the fingers are distal to the
shoulder Superficial
close to the body surface Deep
farther from body surface
Even More Anatomy Directional Terms
Visceral
Parietal
Medullary
Cortical
Why do we need to know about self- space?
Defines the terms of movement directional joint movement muscle movement
Using formal terms allows us to use fewer words when trying to describe movement teaching (educational) medicine (x-ray fims, therapy) research (biomechanics)
Anatomical Planes Frontal Plane aka: coronal plane vertical plane from head
to feet divides body into front
and back halves Sagittal Plane
vertical plane from head to feet divides body into left and
right halves Transverse Plane
horizontal plane divides body into top and
bottom halves
Anatomical Movement Terms
adduction (toward)
abduction (away from)
flexion (bend)
extension (lengthen)
More Anatomical Movement Terms
rotation twisting
medial and lateral
Suppination rotate so palm
faces up or forward
Pronation rotate to palm faces
down or backwards
Anterior Body Landmarks
Posterior Body Landmarks
Body Systems Integumentary
System skin, hair, nails protects from disease storage for fatty tissue produces vitamin D sensory input body temperature
Body Systems
Endocrine System glands regulates growth,
metabolism, and reproduction
Body Systems
Skeletal System bones, cartilage,
ligaments, joints protection,
movement, blood production, storage
Body Systems
Muscular System movement, heat,
circulation, communication
Body Systems
Nervous System sensory reception
and response homeostasis life functions
Body Systems
Cardiovascular System respiration waste removal nutrient distribution
Body Systems
Lymphatic System to collect and return
interstitial fluid including plasma protein to the blood
Defense to absorb lipids
Body Systems Digestive System
nutrition waste
Body Systems
Respitory System Gas exchange
O2 in ☞ CO2 out communication
Body Systems
Urinary System filters waste
products from blood
regulation of blood pH, ions, and volume (RBC’s)
produce and secrete certain hormones
Body Systems Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Offspring production ☞