Forces and Motion

Directed InquiryObjective

You will describe the motion of various objects (for example, forward, circular, wave).

Complete Directed Inquiry Activity

How Can You Describe Motion?

How To Read ScienceObjective

You will use a variety of strategies to monitor reading in (for example, rereading, self-correcting, summarizing, checking other sources, class and group discussions, reading on, trying alternative pronunciations, asking questions).

SummarizingSuppose you just saw a movie your friend did not

see. How would you tell your friend what the movie is about?

Read, “How to Read Science”

How Can You Describe Motion?

How to Read Science

How Can You Describe Motion?

ObjectiveYou will describe the motion of various objects

(for example, forward, circular, wave). Quick Activity Game

PurposeYou are going to read to understand speed and

direction of an object's motion.Summary

An object is in motion when it changes position.

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

QuestionsHow can you describe circular motion?Can you think of something that moves in a

circular motion?How might you make an object move up as well

as forward?http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=odGx5JajnHU

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

ObjectivesYou will be able to list ways to view objects in

relation to other objects. You will describe ways to view the motion of objects

in relation to each other and the background. Summary

An object's position depends on, or is relative to, the position of other objects around it.

Maps model the position of places or objects relative to each other.

Change in the direction of motion of one object changes the relative position of other objects.

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

ActivityDraw a map of the classroomPut yourself on the map and draw the

classroom around youIf an object is in front of you, what are two

ways you could change your position to put the object behind you?

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

QuestionsAfter you pass by an object, what is its position

relative to you?What do the position, direction, and movement

of an object depend on?After you get to the lunch room, how could you

describe a journey from the lunch room back to your starting position?

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

Objective You will know that an object may move in a straight line at a

constant speed, speed up, slow down, or change direction dependent on net force acting on the object

Summary Speed is the rate at which an object moves, or changes

position. Speed can be fast or slow, constant or variable. Objects that continue to move at the same rate are at

constant speed; those whose rate changes as they move are at variable speed.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2Gb4NIv0Xg

Activity As we read you are going to write a summary of each section

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

QuestionsWhat do we call the rate at which an object

changes its position? What does it mean when you say that an object

moves at a constant speed?How does the motion of two bumper cars

change when they bump into each other?

Section 1: What Happens When Things Change Position?

ObjectiveYou will know that the more massive an object

is, the less effect a given force has. Quick Activity

Why do you think one ball traveled farther than the other? What would you have to do to get the other ball to move as far?

PurposeThe purpose for reading is to understand what

causes objects to change position and speed.

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

SummaryA force is a push or pull. It changes the

position, direction of motion, or speed of an object.

Change in position and speed depends on the amount of force and the mass of the object.

Friction opposes the motion of an object.http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUIB1ugvDwEhttp://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5SOCxYft20http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=faUhTOm9xWUhttp://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7JMBqgl0Hc

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

QuestionsWhat two factors affect how much an object

moves?Why does it take more force to push a full

shopping cart than it does an empty cart?If you roll a ball, would it move farther before

stopping on a tile floor or a parking lot? Why?

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

ObjectivesYou will know that the motion of an object is

determined by the overall effect of all the forces acting on the object.

SummaryForces in the same direction can combine to

have a greater effect on an object. Opposing forces can combine to affect the

motion of an object.

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

QuestionsDuring a tug-of-war, when will the rope not

move?What would happen in a tug-of-war if someone

on one side let go of the rope? How does the force of friction change if the

ground under both tug-of-war teams becomes wet and slippery?

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

ObjectiveYou will describe kinds of forces that can cause motion.http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZi8TXtRRYg&feature=related

SummaryGravity is a non-contact force that pulls all objects toward

each other. Mass and distance affect the amount of attraction, or pull,

of gravity. Weight is the amount that gravity pulls on the mass of an

object. Magnetism is a non-contact force. A magnet attracts

objects that contain iron.

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

QuestionsWhat is weight?The Moon has less mass than the Earth. How

would your weight be affected if you were on the Moon?

Why are gravity and magnetism considered non-contact forces?

Section 2: How Does Force Affect Motion

ObjectivesYou will explain how forces can be harnessed to

perform work.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grWIC9VsFY4

PurposeYou will read to understand what work is and how it can

be made easier.Summary

Work is applying a force to move an object over a distance.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3S6WKJIohwWork is done when an object's position changes; if an

object does not move, no work is done.

Section 3: How Do Simple Machines Work?

QuestionsWhat two things do you need to know in order

to determine the amount of work you do?When does a magnet do work? What could the children pictured in the snow

on page 338 do to move the large snowball?

Section 3: How Do Simple Machines Work?

ObjectiveYou will know the six types of simple machines

(screw, inclined plane, wedge, pulley, lever, and wheel and axle).

SummarySimple machines help make work easier. Four kinds of simple machines are the inclined

plane, the wedge, the screw, and the lever.http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWPiY6Of6-Uhttp://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOzNVBX-SX0

Section 3: How Do Simple Machines Work?

QuestionsWhat simple machine is an inclined plane

wrapped around a center post?How does an inclined plane help you do work?How are a wedge and a screw related to an

inclined plane?

Section 3: How Do Simple Machines Work?

SummaryA wheel and axle makes work easier when the

wheel is turned. A wheel and axle makes objects on the wheel

move great distances with short turns of the axle. Much force must be supplied to turn the axle.

A pulley is a wheel with a rope passed over it. It changes the direction of motion when a force is applied.

Section 3: How Do Simple Machines Work?

QuestionsWhere is the axle attached to a wheel?Why is the distance around a wheel greater

than the distance around its axle?How does a pulley work to pull an object up

when you are pulling down?

Section 3: How Do Simple Machines Work?