Diplomacy Presentation Slide

7/18/2019 Diplomacy Presentation Slide

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Background borne in Pulau Keladi, Pahang on

March 11th1922

Chief Leader of UMNO Youth

Minister of Education in 9th

August, 1955 fought hard alongside with Tunku

Abdul Rahman in retrieving theindependence of Malaya

May 11 incident, director ofMAGERAN

Second Prime Minister of Malaysia


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Malaysia Foreign Policy under Tun Abdul Razaks Era as

Deputy Prime Minister

In Tunkus era, Malaysia was aligned with the West

Tunku had taken approach more to informalnegotiations rather than formal discussion

In Tunkus era, Tun Razak acted as a mediator anddiplomat role.

Tun Razak had seen Tunkus foreign policy weaknessand showed dissatisfaction for Tunku


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Tunkus resignation due to the failure to attain goodmandate during the 1969 General Elections and theracial riots during May 13 incident had consequently

caused Tunkus resignation and Tun Abdul Razakssuccession.

had gained experiences as Tunku had handed majority

work regarding foreign affairs to Tun Razak during histime as Deputy Prime Minister.


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Tun Razaks decision on changing the direction ofMalaysias foreign policy that non-alignment, neutralityand equidistance

Malaysia was not unfriendly with communist countriesand that states, irrespective of political learnings, have

the right to coexist peacefully

had launched foreign policy which is more open andneutral.


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The confrontation had result the break of diplomaticrelations between both Malaysia and Singapore.

Malaysia was aware the importance of the relations withAfro-Asia.

learnt a lesson from the incident of the United State hadchoose to side Indonesia instead of Malaysia

Tun Abdul Razak, along with Lee Kuan Yew had takenapproach in result to regain good relations with respectivecountries by visiting North and East African.


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concluded that Malaysia should had more pragmaticdiplomatic principle with foreign nations in the form of Southeast Asia Neutralization.

Principle known as a regional concept and as a way toprotect the country.

successfully gained attention and support from theSoutheast Asia countries to join the principle.


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had launched some renewal on Malaysias foreign policy.

The recruitment of Tun Ghazali Shafie in cabinet had

facilitated his process on executing the neutralization policies.

The visiting to the People Republic of China in 1974 was ahuge step made by Malaysia further from its previous policy.


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Tun Razak had made a brave move to develop

diplomatic relationship with China when Chinasupported his neutralization in ASEAN.

Consistent with neutralization concept introduced byTun Razak, which stated to befriend any countrieswithout concerning its political ideology.


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-facing national security problems-communist insurgency

-security from external threats

-Vietnam War

-first established diplomatic relations with countries in the Afro-Asia and also with communist countries like China due to the

adoption of a neutral and impartial basis as a new direction in

foreign policy in Malaysia


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-internal security in the country was one of the biggest

problem

-The Parti Komunis Malaya( PKM) still active

-lauched a few attacks

-launched a rocket attack towards the Malaysias military air

base in Kuala Lumpur

-blew up a bulldozer in the East-West Highway nearby the

Grik

-moved towards Lipis and Raub in Pahang and killed three

members from the security group and wounded a few secutity

members


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-In order to check the communism, Tun Razak had took

approaches either to strengthen military forces in domestic

region or allied with foreign countries.

-In 1973, Malaysia had cooperated with Thailand- establish a military alliance with neighboring countries


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*-an external defense treaty with the British government in 12th

of August 1957 that was known as the Anglo-Malayan DefenseAgreement (AMDA)

-had played a major in Malayas defense and acted as the

backbone of the country if the country is invaded by any

foreign country


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-In 1967, replaced with the Five Power Defense Arrangements (

FPDA)

-FPDA provides for the defense cooperation and for an

Integrated Air Defense System ( IADS) for Malaysia andSingapore based in RMAF (Royal Malaysia Air Force)

Butterworth under the command of an Australia Air Vice-

Marshall (2 Star)

-Tun Razak agreed to join the FPDA because it gives a

guarantee on security and defense of the country and

encourages the cooperation between Malaysia and Singapore

-FPDA was an unsatisfactory arrangement as it marked

different provision from AMDA under Britain which had gave

explicit defense guarantee to Malaysia against externalaggression


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Tuan Razak was one of the founding member of the Association ofsoutheast Asia Nation (ASEAN) in 1967. Tuan Razak either directly or

indirectly developed diplomatic relationship with countries in thesoutheast Asia region. The purpose of establishing AEAN was mainly

due to the safety of the southeast Asia countries. Actually the southeastAsia was always exposed external threat especially among the world

superpowers such as the United States, the Soviet Union and theCommunist China and the fact was realized by leaders in Southeast Asia

countries.


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Four main principles in his foreign policy i) The non-aligned policy

ii) The neutralization policy of Southeast Asia

iii) The integrity and peaceful co-existence

iv) regionalism which encourages cooperation in ASEAN countries


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The main objectives that Malaysia

supporting the conceptMalaysia had assured the other ASEAN members the three main objectives that

Malaysia is supporting the concept was due to three main reasons.

i) Southeast Asia countries should settle the conflict in Cambodia which was thecaused by the interference of foreign powers.

ii) The external military forces should retreat from Cambodias land.

iii) Malaysia criticized and rejected the puppet government of Heng Samrin


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The ZOPFAN

In 1971, at a special meeting of the ASEAN foreign ministers in Kuala Lumpur,

Tun Razak further reinforced his policy of neutrality though the adoption of the

Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) for southeast Asia to Tun Abdul

Razak, ZOPFAN would reinforce the principle of non-alignment and the spirit of the

1966 Bangkok declaration which underlined the presence of foreign bases on theregion was temporary.

Tun Razak was fully aware that an equidistance relationship with all the majorworld powers was thesine qua nonin realizing ZOPFAN . The major powers have torecognize and quarantee the declaration and they should not make the region as their

battlefield to gain hegemony.

The declaration of Kuala Lumpur had made the concept of ZOPFAN into reality

with the objective to establish the political linkage between countries in thesoutheast Asiain order to have cooperation and relations on economic and socialaspects.


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The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation(OIC)

is the second largest inter-governmental

organization after the United Nations (UN) which

has membership of 57 states spread over fourcontinents.


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Members 57 countries four continents

-AZERBAIJAN -JORDAN -AFGHANISTAN -ARAB EMIRATES INDONESIA

-UZBEKISTAN -IRAN -PAKISTAN -BAHRAIN -BRUNEI-DARUSSALAM

-BANGLADESH -TAJIKISTAN -TURKEY -TURKMENISTAN -SAUDI ARABIA

-SYRIAN -IRAQ -OMAN -PALESTINE KYRGYZ -QATAR -KAZAKHSTAN

-KUWAIT -LEBANON -MALDIVES -MALAYSIA -YEMEN AFRICA-UGANDA - BENIN -BURKINA -FASO -CHAD - TOGO TUNISIA

-ALGERIA -DJIBOUTI -SENEGAL - ALBANIA -SUDAN -SURINAME

-SIERRA LEONE -SOMALIA -GABON -GAMBIA -GUINEA -GUNEA -BISSAU

-COMOROS -CAMEROON -COTEDIVOIRE -LIBY -MALI -EGYPT

-MOROCCO - GUYANA -MOZAMBIQUE -NIGER

-NIGERIA


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In the period 1970 -1976,

under Tun Abdul Razak, as a member of the

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC),

Malaysia began to identify itself as a

Muslim nation


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in the Third Conference of Foreign Ministers in

Islamic Countries, held in Jeddah, headquartersof OIC, TunRazak had acted as the Chief ofMalaysias Representative in that conference.TunRazak had related a few issues that was

debated on the agenda in the Conference in Rabatregarding the invasion of Al-Aqsa Mosque onAugust 21,1969. Jerusalems issues and thecolonies law of Israel.


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During TunRazaks Era, he continued Tunkus work indeveloping good relationships with Islamic country.Malaysia was formed as an Islamic country and Islamwas already declared as the official religion of thecountry.

example: In 19thuntil 22nd of January 1975, TunRazak

had visited Kuwait and was welcomed by PrinceSkeikhJabar Al- Ahmad Al Sabah. Tun Abdul Razakalso visited Oman in 22nd-23rdof January 1975 and alsoQatar in 23rd-25thJanuary in the same year.


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The relation betweenMalaysia and Arabic countries

had contributed in the field of

educationfield.


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The turbulence of Indochina

The war in Vietnam and

Cambodia are political issues thatconcern the region of SoutheastAsia Malaysia

two world superpowers, UnitedStates Soviet Union

The retreat of British and UnitedStates militaries from Indochinaand the repeal of SEATO hadfurther worried ASEAN leaderswarning Malaysia that thecommunists threat had drove

nearer.


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Tun Razak had made an important suggestion, that wasASEAN countries need guarantee and protection of thegreat forces in the

China was the only country that supported theneutralization concept and Tun Razak tried to gain supportfrom China as a shield by having diplomatic relationship

with China.


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Malaysia and East Asia and East Europe

In September 1971, Tun Razak had announced the Malaysia foreign policy

towards Malaysia. Initial stage: trade relations

In May 1974, Malaysia had become the first ASEAN country thatdeveloped diplomatic relations with the People Republic of China whenTun Razak had officially visited the country.

Tun Razak also developed diplomatic relationship with South Korea andJapan, especially in the field of science and technology


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Along the year 1973,Malaysia relationship with East Europe countrieshad been justified as pleasant and cooperate in the relations of politics,economics and social.

Tun Razak had organized series of visits to Yugoslavia and Romania touncover new fields with the regarding countries.

Soviet Union also had shown interest in developing diplomaticrelationship with Malaysia.

Besides that, Malaysia also had developed diplomatic relationship with

Bulgaria especially in spices trading


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Comparison with Tunku Compare to Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Razak was more open minded

in executing his foreign policy

Unlike Tunku, Tun Razak tried to bring any matter regarding foreignpolicy to the cabinet and discussed with the members in it

Tun Razaks foreign policy was considered a more successful and morepragmatic.

Unlike Tun Razak,Tunku had no better choice but to align with theWest.


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Malaysias foreign policy experienced a total shift whenTun Razak

New Directions under New Order that Tun Razak had set a clear direction in Malaysias

foreign policy for the next few generations ofMalaysias leader

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