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Lesson 10
Fast Food and Special Diets
Louise Sheehan Course Educator
Diploma in Nutrition – Part I
➢BMI is a good indicator of your risk of disease but does not take into account muscle mass and where you hold your weight
➢Waist circumference is an important measurement as carrying weight around the middle is extremely dangerous for health
➢You can use equations to work out how many calories you need to eat on a daily basis to lose, maintain or gain weight
➢Weight loss is possible for everyone but there is no quick fix!!
➢Case study 2- send answers to [email protected]
Lesson 9 Recap
What is physical activity What are the benefits of physical activity How much should you be doing? Exercise and weight loss
Fast Food and Special Dietsinto your lifestyle
Introduction to sports nutrition What nutrients do you need more of when very active Sports supplements- pros and cons
What is Fast FoodWhy do we eat itWhat affect fast food has on your healthHow to prepare healthy food at homeAdvice for eating out
Special diets:
Lowering cholesterol Type 2 Diabetes Vegetarians Coeliac Lactose Intolerant
What are they What special dietary considerations need to
be taken into account??
Lesson 10 Agenda
• You could be giving harmful advice to someone who requires specialised dietary advice
• You could end up suffering from diet related diseases long-term
• You must be aware of reasons why people eat what they eat
• Nutrition is not always straight forward!
Risk of NOT being aware of Special Diets
Farm
Food and Beverage
Manufacturers
Food and Beverage Retailers
Wholesalers, Transport,
Warehousing
Consumer
From Farm to Fork
Rise in consumption of Fast Food Rise in Obesity Rates
What Do You Think?
Tastes good but is it good
for you??
“Food that can be prepared quickly and easily andis sold in restaurants and snack bars
as a quick meal or to be taken out” (WHO)
Fast Food
>500,000 fast food places worldwide
96% of kids can recognise Ronald McDonald with only Santa being more recognisable
$100billion is the amount Americans spend on fast food every year
You can eat your entire day’s calorie allowance in one fast food meal
$4.2 billion spent on advertising in US in 2010
There was a 54% increase in the number of possible kids' meal combinations available in 2013 compared with 2010.
Fast Food Facts
Instantly gratifying and pleasurableFast at satisfying hungerBusy lifestylesLack of time to cook from scratchFussy eatersLow costEfficient ServicesCasual AtmosphereLess hassleClever marketing makes it attractive
Why Do People Choose Fast Food?
Fast Food Presentation
High in :Calories
SugarFat Salt
Additives
Fast Food- Reality
Calories in Junk Food
Liver damage
Health Pays the Price
Increased risk CVD
No nutrients= no energy
Overweight and obesity
Increased risk Type 2 Diabetes
If We Could See the Damage
If We Could See the Damage
If We Could See the Damage
Fast Food Experiment:30 days- ate only from McDonalds
Results: Gained 25lbs, experienced headaches, fatigue, indigestion, increased cholesterol levels, increased levels of
uric acid and a mild chemical hepatitis
UK Chef Jamie Oliver won a battle against Mc Donald's after showing how Mc Donald’s hamburgers were made- the franchise changed it’s recipe. Previously the fatty parts of beef were "washed" in ammonium hydroxide and used in the filling of the burger. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twOj0XNCyaY
War on Fast Food
Allows more control over
what you eat
Encourages a healthy attitude
towards food
More nutritious
option than fast food
Excellent bonding experience for
families and friends
Home Cooking
Remember 1tbsp oil= 120kcals….Swap frying for:
BakingBraisingBoiling GrillingPoachingRoastingSautéingSteamingStir-fryPressure Cooking
Varying cooking method
makes meals more
interesting
Healthy Cooking Methods
Stick with fresh salad ingredients as the base e.g. lettuce, cucumber, tomato, celery etc.
If adding chickpeas, kidney beans, avocado etc. check the calorie count (especially if you want to lose weight)
Watch out for unhealthy extras!! E.g. croutons, creamy salad dressings. Avoid creamy salads such as potato salad, coleslaw, pasta salad, tuna mayo- can be source of hidden fat and calories
Add lean protein e.g. eggs, ham/chicken/turkey slices, tinned tuna
Flavour salad with vinegar e.g. balsamic vinegar, lemon/lime, salt and pepper or low calorie salad dressings
Salads are a great meal option and you can make healthy alternatives to high fat shop options if you make them at home!
OR
What About Salads?
** See our recipes for quick and healthy meals
Use pre-prepared frozen vegetables
Buy ready chopped fresh veg (without sauce)
Allocate a few hours one day to cooking
Make food in bulk, separate into individual containers and freeze for use during the week (Remember to thaw thoroughly before cooking!!)
Busy with kids? Include them in the cooking process
Vary your meals and this will encourage you to cook from
scratch
No Time to Cook?
Eat fresh fruit and veg asap rather than storing for a long time Nutrients from vegetables can leach into water when boiling- do not throw away
the water, use it for soups or stocks Only cook vegetables briefly- until soft- do not overcook Use a lid to keep in steam- allows veg to cook quickly Steaming is a good option for maintaining nutrients in vegetables Cook vegetables that require a longer cooking time first e.g. carrots then add
softer veg e.g. peppers Avoid leaving any vegetables open to the air, light or heat if they have been cut.
Always cover and chill them. But don't soak, because vitamins and minerals can dissolve away
Follow recipes
Warning
Plan meals and make a listSearch the cupboards to see what you have in stockDon’t go shopping while hungryLimit shopping to once or twice a weekStick to the list- avoid special offers, all add up!Choose supermarket own brandsBuy canned and non-perishable foods in bulkRemember special offers are only good value if you need the productsBring a packed lunch to workSave eating out for special occasions
Eating Healthy on a Budget
Ditch the bread basket Fill up on water before the meal Share a starter - avoid creamy soups or battered meats/chicken Main course - choose a meal full of vegetables and served with
a lean meat/chicken or fish. Again avoid battered or those in a creamy sauce
How is the food cooked? Grilled/ boiled/ stir-fry is best but can still have hidden fat
Ask for dressings on the side Swap chips for side salad Watch your alcohol intake- drink water If you ate a starter, skip dessert Sharing dessert can cut down on calories- ask for no cream Fruit salad or sorbet can be healthiest options Coffee- choose non-fat option, don’t add sugar Leave the complementary chocolates for the waiters
Make Eating Out Healthy
1. Eat less saturated fat- commonly found in meat and dairy: butter, cream, cheese, full fat dairy, meat and meat products e.g. sausages and pudding
2. Avoid trans fats- in processed foods and hydrogenated oils3. Choose low fat cooking method4. Trim fat off meat
1. Choose unsaturated oils e.g. olive or rapeseed oil2. Increase your fibre intake e.g. oats3. Beans/lentils- 3-4 times a week (fibre)4. Beta-glucan- found in barley- can help lower cholesterol5. Plant sterols/stanols- 1.5-2.4g/day- reduce cholesterol 7-10% in 3
weeks
(Source: INDI)
Lowering Cholesterol
Healthy eating Regular Activity
Maintaining a healthy weight
Tablets or insulin may be needed where
diabetes is poorly
controlled
Diabetes Diet
Not AdvisedLaxative Effect
Expensive
Diabetes Products
Lacto-Vegetarians - eat dairy foods but exclude meat, fish, poultry and eggs as well as foods that contain them
Lacto-ovo vegetarians - eat dairy products and eggs but exclude meat, fish or poultry
Ovo-vegetarians - eat eggs but avoid all other foods including dairy
Vegans - avoid all animal products and animal by-products e.g. honey, fur
Plant Based Diets
Dairy/fish Vegetable
Protein eggs, milk, cheese, yoghurt beans, lentils, chickpeas, tofu, quorn, soya, nuts, quinoa
Iron Dried beans and peas, lentils, fortified breakfast cereal, dark green leafy veg
Vitamin C Strawberries, oranges, tomatoes, citrus fruits, cabbage and broccoli
Calcium milk, cheese, yoghurt Dark green veg, fortified breads, nuts, peas, lentils, tofu and dried fruit
Vit D (sunlight) oily fish, eggs, dairy foods Fortified breakfast cereal
Vit B12 eggs, yeast extract, soya milks and yoghurts, textured vegetable protein and fortified breakfast cereals.
Omega 3 Fatty acids canola oil, walnuts, soy oil, ground flaxseeds and soy beans
Plant Based Diet
Gluten: Protein found in wheat, barley, oats and rye
Consumption- damages small bowel
Reduced absorption of nutrients
Results in: weight loss, anaemia, fatigue
Cause: unknown
Treatment: follow a life-long gluten free diet
Complications: Osteoporosis, cancer
Coeliac Disease
Naturally occurring sugar in milk Found in milk, cheese, yoghurts Body produces little or no Lactase (enzyme
needed to break down lactose)
Hereditary Primary Secondary
SYMPTOMS
Feel unwell 30mins to 2 hours after eating a lactose containing food: Symptoms: Diarrhoea Excess wind Bloating Cramps Nausea
** Overall not considered harmful to health
Lactose Intolerance