Dioxin emissions in Dioxin emissions in EstoniaEstonia

Natalija KohvNatalija KohvEstonian Environment Information CentreEstonian Environment Information Centre

Ott RootsOtt RootsEstonian Environment Research CentreEstonian Environment Research Centre

Industrial production by economic activityESTONIA

by Statistical Office of Estonia

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Energetics

Mining industry

Food industry

Light industry

Non-metallicmineral productsindustryChemical, rubber,plastic industry

Metal, machineryindustry

Wood, paper,furniture industry

Other

Supply of primary energy

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Gas

Motor fuels

Fuel oils

Peat and firewood

Oil shale

Coal and coke

Final energy consumption, TJ

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

TJ

Gas

Motor fuels

Fuel oils

Peat and firewood

Oil shale

Coal and coke

Emissions from the point sources, 1990-2001

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

thou

sand

tons

PM SO2 NOx NMVOC CO

• The first step of the dioxin and furan emissions evaluation – The first step of the dioxin and furan emissions evaluation – analyse of dioxins concentration in Baltic Thermal Power analyse of dioxins concentration in Baltic Thermal Power Plants in oil-shale and fly ash from electrostatic precipitators Plants in oil-shale and fly ash from electrostatic precipitators during the European Dioxin Project (1998). The result of during the European Dioxin Project (1998). The result of measurements are presented in the table below.measurements are presented in the table below.

• The second step – “Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Releases in The second step – “Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Releases in Estonia” which has been carried out at 2002 as part of a Estonia” which has been carried out at 2002 as part of a DANCEE (DANCEE (Danish Cooperation for the Environment in Eastern Danish Cooperation for the Environment in Eastern Europe) Europe) project ‘project ‘Survey of anthropogenic sources of dioxins in the Survey of anthropogenic sources of dioxins in the Baltic Region’. The inventory results also are presenet in the table. Baltic Region’. The inventory results also are presenet in the table.

• The third step - Estonian-Danish cooperation project for The third step - Estonian-Danish cooperation project for investigation of dioxin emissions from Narva power plants. investigation of dioxin emissions from Narva power plants. The current plan is to take 15 samples for determination The current plan is to take 15 samples for determination dioxin content in atmospheric air. An overview of dioxin dioxin content in atmospheric air. An overview of dioxin emissions from the power plant and one factory of oil shale oil emissions from the power plant and one factory of oil shale oil production will be obtained by autumn, 2003.production will be obtained by autumn, 2003.

Concentration of PCDD in oil-shale (EOIL1 and EOIL1B and in Concentration of PCDD in oil-shale (EOIL1 and EOIL1B and in fly ash (EOIL2 and EOIL2B) caught by electrostatic precipitatorsfly ash (EOIL2 and EOIL2B) caught by electrostatic precipitators

PCDD isomers Concentration in ng/kg

  EOIL1 EOIL1B EOIL2 EOIL2B

Sum TCDD n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Sum PeCDD n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Sum HxCDD n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Sum HpCDD 3,6 3,0 13,0 n.d.

OCDD < 0,89 2,0 19,0 <1,6

PCDD 4,4 5,0 32,0 1,6

2,3,7,8-TCDD < 0,28 < 0,33 0,62 0,28

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD < 0,24 < 0,46 < 0,65 <0, 51

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD < 1,0 < 1,0 < 2,3 < 2,2

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD < 0,92 < 0,86 < 2,0 < 1,9

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD < 0,86 < 0,81 < 1,9 < 1,8

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 1,8 1,4 6,4 < 0,66

n.d. - not detected

analazed by Landesumweltamt Nordhein - Westfalen laboratory

Potential release of dioxins and furans from all Potential release of dioxins and furans from all sources in Estonia, 2000 sources in Estonia, 2000 (Inventory of Dioxin and Furan (Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Release in Estonia, COWI A/S, Denmark)Release in Estonia, COWI A/S, Denmark)

Main CategoryLand Residues

Medium Range Medium Range Medium Medium Range Medium Waste incineration 0,19 0,03-0,39 0,47Ferrous and non-ferrousmetal productionPower generation and heating 4,9 1,9-13 5,8Production of mineral products 0,39 0,07-0,48 ? 0,06Transport 0,04 0,02-0,07 ?Uncontrolled combustion processes 8,1 0,32-40 ? 0,12? 4,4?Production and use of chemicals 0,0008-and consumer products 0,004? 0,02 0,03 0,01-0,05 0,6?Miscellaneous 0,04 0,02-0,08 0,002 0,009?Disposal and wastewater 0,15 0,06-0,3 3,9Total 14? 2,4-54 0,15? 0,06-0,3 0,12? 0,03? 0,01-0,05 15?

Air WaterPotential release in g I-TEQ/year

Product

The main sources of dioxin release to airThe main sources of dioxin release to air

Uncontrolled combustion processes

59,45%Transport

0,29%

Production of mineral products

2,86%

Power generation and heating

35,97%

Waste incineration1,39%

Production and use of chemicals

0,03%

Activity dataActivity data

• Waste incineration Waste incineration

• Power generation and heatingPower generation and heating• Production of Mineral ProductsProduction of Mineral Products

• TransportTransport• Uncontrolled Combustion Uncontrolled Combustion

ProcessesProcesses Clean biomass burningClean biomass burning Uncontrolled waste burningUncontrolled waste burning

• MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

• Estonian Waste RegisterEstonian Waste Register((on the based of the enterprises reports)on the based of the enterprises reports)

• Statistical Office dataStatistical Office data Statistical Office and enterprises Statistical Office and enterprises

datadata• Statistical Office dataStatistical Office data

• Roughly estimated based on data Roughly estimated based on data from Lithuaniafrom Lithuania

• No data, roughly estimatedNo data, roughly estimated

• Statistical Office and enterprises Statistical Office and enterprises datadata

Emission factorsEmission factors

• No measurements of dioxin and furan releases No measurements of dioxin and furan releases have been carried out in Estonia.have been carried out in Estonia.

• The preliminary inventory is based on default The preliminary inventory is based on default emission factors from the UNEP Toolkit.emission factors from the UNEP Toolkit.

Emission FactorsSector Default emission factorHazardous waste incineration 82 enterprises, most of them are district heating plants 350 μg TEQ/t waste burnt

and small boilers burning waste oil as additional fuel. The plant are in general equipped with a simple dust abatement system.

Medical waste incineration 5 enterprises, 3,9 t70% of medical waste is incinerated in the hazardous 3,000 μg TEQ/t waste burntwaste incinerator (controlled, batch, no or minimal APC)30% of medical waste is incinerated as uncontrolled 40,000 μg TEQ/t waste burntbatch combustion, no APC

Power Generation and Heating Oil shale Power PlantsBased on the high chlorine content of oil shale and high filter outlet temperatures a medium estimate EF is 30 μg TEQ/TJ

Other Power Plants and Boiler houses Coal - fired power boilers 10 μg TEQ/TJ Heavy fuel and slae oil - fired power boilers 2,5 μg TEQ/TJ Light fuel-oil and natural gas fired boilers 0,5 μg TEQ/TJ Wood and peat fired boilers 50 μg TEQ/TJ Oil shale generator gas and biogas 8 μg TEQ/TJ

Household Heating and Cooking Virgin wood/biomass-fired stoves 100 μg TEQ/TJand Domestic Heating Contaminated wood 1,500 μg TEQ/TJ

Natural gas 1,5 μg TEQ/TJOil 10 μg TEQ/TJCoal 70 μg TEQ/TJ

Production of mineral products Cement production One company; wet process; plant equipped with 0,6 μg TEQ/t of product

electrostatic filter, temperature is about 200o C

Lime production 0,07 μg TEQ/t of product prcocesses with cyclone and filters

Brick production 0,2 μg TEQ/t of product

Glass production 0,015 μg TEQ/t of productUncontrolled Combustion ProcessesClean biomass burning 5 μg TEQ/t of mater. Burned

Uncontrolled Waste burning 300 μg TEQ/t of mater. BurnedOpen burning of waste wood 25 μg TEQ/t of mater. BurnedLandfill fires 1000 μg TEQ/t of mater. Burned

Production and use Chemicals Pulp and Paper mills alkalile cooking liguor process ("Kraft"), no bleacing 0,5 μg TEQ/t of product is used

Oil shale production no data

• Do you see a need for emission measurements at Do you see a need for emission measurements at one or two important sources in your country?one or two important sources in your country?

YesYes, ,

1. Kunda-Nordic Cement - cement production 1. Kunda-Nordic Cement - cement production factory factory

2. Viru Õlitööstus AS - shale oil production factory2. Viru Õlitööstus AS - shale oil production factory

3. Epler & Lorenz AS - waste inseneration plant ?3. Epler & Lorenz AS - waste inseneration plant ?

• Do you have laboratories or institutes that could be Do you have laboratories or institutes that could be contracted to perform such measurements?contracted to perform such measurements?

NoNo