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Jan 11,
2016
IN TEG RA TIN G SMA RTPH O N E A PPS I N TO CO N TI N U U M O F CA RE
DIGITALIZATION OF MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT:
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
OUTLINE
• Background• Medication Therapy Management
• Deficiency Of Medication Side Effects Counseling at HA Hospitals
• Growing Importance of Mobile Health (m-health)
• Potential Benefit of M-health
• Classification of m-Health Solutions
• Mobile MTM Opportunities in HK
• Challenges Facing M-health Adoption in HK
• Research Objective
• A Conceptual Framework of M-Health Research in HK
• Research Plan
• Implications
• Reference
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)2
BACKGROUND
Medication Therapy Management (MTM) • MTM is a distinct service or group of services that
optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients (Bluml, 2005)
• MTM consists of a broad range of professional activities and responsibilities provided by pharmacist’s or other qualified health care provider’s:• medication therapy review
• personal medical record
• medication action plan
• intervention/referral
• documentation/follow-up
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)3
BACKGROUND
Deficiency Of Medication Side Effects
Counselling at HA Hospitals
• According to the latest Patient Experience and
Satisfaction Survey (Hospital Authority, 2014), 50% of
patients reported deficiency of medication side
effects counseling when discharged from hospital.
4 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
BACKGROUND
Growing Importance of M-health
• Mobile health (m-health) technology is transforming
health care delivery in the continuum of care (from
monitoring, prevention, detection of diseases, and in
more advanced services present basic diagnosis.
• Health research topics including cardiology, diabetes,
obesity, smoking cessation, elderly care and chronic
diseases have gathered important findings and
contributions from m-Health (Silva, 2015).
5
M-health is defined by Kahn et al. (2010, pp. 255) as “…..the use of
portable electronic devices for mobile voice or data communication over
a cellular or other wireless network of base stations to provide health
information”.Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
BACKGROUND
Potential Benefit of M-health
• Through empowerment of patient self-management,
a study by PwC (2013) estimates that “M-Health has
the potential to save the EU 99 EUR billion in
healthcare costs in 2017 and help 185 million patients
lead healthier lives”.
6 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
BACKGROUND
Classification of m-Health Solutions
Based on extant studies, Dehzad et al. (2014)
proposed a classification model for m-Health
solutions according to
• Type of technology
• Domain
• Target group
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)7
BACKGROUND
Mobile MTM Opportunities in HK
Hong Kong has the highest smartphone penetration
rate (87%) in Asia Pacific and ranks top 10 in the world
(Nielsen, 2014). It entices the opportunity of the
enhancement of MTM for HA patients through mobile
apps.
8 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
BACKGROUND
Mobile MTM Opportunities in HK• Current and emerging mobile health apps (Varshney, 2014)
9 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
BACKGROUND
Challenges Facing M-health Adoption in HK
• 2 pharmacy and drug-related information mobile
apps (one developed by HA and another one by
United Christian Hospital) available for public
hospital patients. However, total cumulative
downloads of both apps are around 30,000 in the
last 4 years since development
10 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate
factors contributing to drug-
related mobile app adoption
among public hospital patients
and examine drug-related
information pertaining to
continuum of care through
mobile platform in Hong Kong.
11 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF M-HEALTH RESEARCH IN HK
Davis et al., (1989) formulated technology
acceptance model (TAM) that predict and explain
consumer adoption behavior and attitude towards
proliferation of the new technology.
12 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF M-HEALTH RESEARCH IN HK
• However, many researchers
identified that general
adoption theories of social
psychology like DOI, TPB, and
TAM cannot predict consumers'
adoption behavior for online-
based products because there
are other behavioral factors
governing the adoption
intention and behavior
(Dwivedi, 2015).
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)13
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF M-HEALTH RESEARCH IN HK
• Venkatesh et al. (2012) extended Unified Theory of
Acceptance and Use of Technology into UTAUT2
model to reflect citizens' complex behavior for m-
health adoption.
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)14
RESEARCH PLAN
• The research design incorporates self-administrated
questionnaires to be conducted at the pharmacy
of United Christian Hospital with patients who are
users and non-users of the two mobile apps
(DREAMS - Drugs Ready E-Alert Me System and
TouchMed) available to HA patients.
15 Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)
IMPLICATIONS
• The findings of this study will provide an insight into
the applicability of m-health adoption theories
among Chinese public hospital patients in Hong
Kong
• The findings also provide implication to HA
management to overcome barriers to m-health
adoption and transition to digitalization of
medication therapy management.
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)16
REFERENCE
Akhter Shareef, M, Kumar, V, & Kumar, U. (2014) Predicting mobile health adoption behaviour: A demand
side perspective. Journal Of Customer Behaviour, 13, 3, pp. 187-205.
Bluml, B. M. (2005). Definition of medication therapy management: development of professionwide
consensus. JAPHA-WASHINGTON-, 45(5), 566.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison
of two theoretical models. Management science, 35(8), 982-1003.
Dehzad, F., Hilhorst, C., de Bie, C. and Claassen, E. (2014) Adopting Health Apps, What’s Hindering Doctors
and Patients? Health, 6, 2204-2217
Dwivedi, Y. K., Shareef, M. A., Simintiras, A. C., Lal, B., & Weerakkody, V. (2015). A generalised adoption
model for services: a cross-country comparison of mobile health (m-health). Government Information
Quarterly.
Hospital Authority (2014). 2013 Hospital-based Patient Experience and Satisfaction Survey. Hospital Authority
Kahn, J. G., Yang, J. S., & Kahn, J. S. (2010). ‘Mobile' health needs and opportunities in developing
countries. Health Affairs, 29(2), 252-258.
PwC (2013) Socio-Economic Impact of mHealth: An Assessment Report for the European Union. London.
Silva, B. M., Rodrigues, J. J., de la Torre Díez, I., Ló pez-Coronado, M., & Saleem, K. (2015). Mobile-health: a
review of current state in 2015. Journal of biomedical informatics, 56, 265-272.
Nielsen (2014). The asian mobile consumer decoded. Available at:
http://www.nielsen.com/ph/en/insights/news/2014/asian-mobile-consumers.html (Accessed: 30
December 2015).
Varshney, U. (2014). Mobile health: Four emerging themes of research. Decision Support Systems, 66, 20-35.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology:
extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS quarterly, 36(1), 157-178.
Daisy LEE (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Tebby LEE & Gary CHONG (United Christian Hospital)17