Digital WorkflowDigital WorkflowWhat is meant by Digital Workflow?

Digital Workflow refers to Digital Workflow refers to the steps in the process of the steps in the process of capturing, managing and capturing, managing and editing imagesediting images

IMAP IMAP New applications have been

created to specifically for Image Management and processing

Lightroom is the Adobe Application

Aperture is the Mac ApplicationIMAP stands for Image

Management and Processing

What steps are involved What steps are involved in capturing images?in capturing images?

check to see if the lens is cleanIs the battery charged?Is the memory card inserted Does the card have enough

space for more imagesCheck the camera settings

What steps are involved What steps are involved in storing and organizing in storing and organizing images?images?

Transfer the images to a folderCreate subfolders for specific

projects, events or assignments

The next step The next step is editing the image. is editing the image. What are some tasks you What are some tasks you might perform at this might perform at this step?step?

Use Photoshop or other Use Photoshop or other editing program to -editing program to -

improve color , exposure , sharpness

Reduce flawschange the sizeChange the file formatTo alter it creatively with filters

How can you share How can you share photos?photos?

Sharing PhotosSharing Photos

PrintingEmailingPosting to a web site Put images in a slide show

What are some archiving What are some archiving considerations?considerations?Do you want to copy images to a

new location or delete them from the card and computer and archive images to a CD?

What is one of the most What is one of the most important considerations important considerations in the digital workflow?in the digital workflow?

What file format to useWhat file format to useJPEG- very common , compresses the

file to reduce the size so that it does not require huge amounts of drive space

RAW- best possible quality captures huge amount of image data you have a great deal of control over the exposure (digital negative) The Nikon format is named NEF

DNG –(Digital negative) Generic RAW format

TIFF- larger than JPEG produce good quality images

What 4 camera settings What 4 camera settings permanently affect a permanently affect a RAW image?RAW image?

ApertureShutter SpeedISOFocusAll other settings can be changed

on the computer

What is file What is file compression?compression?

To make file size smaller, images can be compressed (some pixels with the same colors are eliminated)

Lossless compression- Provides a small amount of file size reduction.

Lossy compression- provides a great deal of file size reduction but degrades the image over a period of time (opening and reopening causes pixel loss)

Color DepthColor Depth

The depth of color in an The depth of color in an image depends on your image depends on your camera and settingscamera and settingsColor depth is determined by the

number of bits used to store each of a pixels three colors –red green and blue. (Bits are Binary digits ; a 0 or 1 and are the basic unit of information storage and communication in digital computing.)

JPEG’s color depthJPEG’s color depth

Each of a pixels 3 colors (Red, Green and Blue)use 8 bits color.

For each 8 bits of color 256 levels of brightness can be displayed

Red 8 bits Captures 256 levels of brightness

Green 8 bits Captures 256 levels of brightness

Blue 8 bits Captures 256 levels of brightness

together 24 bits

Captures 16,777,216 levels of brightness

RAW format’s color depthRAW format’s color depth

A raw image can capture over 281 trillion levels of brightness.

Red 16 bits Captures 65,536 levels of brightness

Green 16 bits Captures 65,536 levels of brightness

Blue 16 bits Captures 65,536 levels of brightness

together 48 bits Captures 281,474,976,710656 levels of brightness

RAW advantagesRAW advantagesLet’s you decide on most camera

settings after the image has been taken

Create multiple versions with different settings

Like a negative can be stored until a later date

RAW disadvantagesRAW disadvantagesLarge file size Might cause delay in shooting time You might not want to process most

of the settings on the computerYou need to convert them (save the

images in another format before emailing uploading etc…) since most applications will not open a RAW file.

Storage in-cameraStorage in-cameraFlash memory cards

◦2 types Compact flash –about the size of a

matchbook Secure digital-smaller and thinner ,very

common

Memory Stick◦Sony (proprietary format)

Hard Drive- fixed memory inside the camera

Image storage in the Image storage in the computercomputerDrive- fixed storage in the computerFolder- organizes files on a driveImage filenames- two parts

◦8 character name IMG_1234◦3 character extension .jpg

Trees- folders branch off from the drive

Paths- the entire string of information includes the drive letter, the folder name, the filename and extension

Transferring ImagesTransferring ImagesCard readers- available in

printers or usb devicesCable connectionsWiFiInfraredBluetoothEnd of reading

End of reading

Storing Images on CD or Storing Images on CD or DVDDVDOptical Disks

◦CD- 700 megabytes◦DVD- 4 gigs◦Two sided disks becoming available

Archival considerations◦How long will images survive on the

media?Compatibility-

◦Be careful with DVD+ or DVD – they are different formats and will not work interchangeably.

Burning a CD or DVD requires software

Label the CD so that it is named when you open it on your computer

Label it physically on the disc with sharpie or label system

Storing images on the Storing images on the roadroadThink aheadTake a laptop store to the hard drive upload to an image sharing

site

Image ManagersImage ManagersLightroomPicasaAdobe BridgeOthers…………..

MetadataMetadataExif – Exchangeable File Format

◦Spells out information about how an image stored, what settings were used, when the image was taken , the date and time

Non-destructive editing◦NEF (RAW) format-allows you to export

the image to Photoshop and never touch the original image

◦XMP- contains the metadata (EXIF) You can send this along with an image

Photographers workflowPhotographers workflowThe bottom of page 65 lists the

photographers workflow steps

Evaluating Your ImagesEvaluating Your ImagesSize and orientationCroppingRotatingThe tonal range (dynamic range)

◦Using a histogram◦Visually◦Color

Hue Saturation Lightness

HistogramsHistogramsEach pixel in an image can be set

to any of the 256 levels of brightness from pure black to pure white

The horizontal axis represents the range of brightness from 0-255

The vertical axis represents the number of pixels with each of the 256 brightness values

Examine an image with a Examine an image with a histogramhistogramAfter looking at the sample on screen

open an image in Photoshop Create a new adjustment layer/levels

name the layer unalteredLook at the distribution of pixelsAlter the brightness and contrast of the

image Create a second adjustment layer/levels

named altered.Look at the levels now. How did they

change?

Photo- EditingPhoto- EditingF-64

◦ A group of photographers in the 1930’s that included Ansel Adams that promoted straight photography

◦ This was a movement against heavily manipulated photos

F-64 thought that photos that are significantly altered belong in the realm of the graphic arts not photography.

Straight photography does not mean you don’t try to improve an image’s tonal range and detail

The extent you alter a photo depends on the intended purpose of the image.

Photo- Editing Local Photo- Editing Local EditingEditing

Color ManagementColor Management