Digital Kultur

Fælleskab

I dag- 12:30

• Is it a community?• Cavanagh: the idea of

community• Key points• History• Bakardjieva: degrees of

social interaction• Mini kursus-evaluering

Is it a community?

Comparing helps... (ex. CommuniTree fra sidste gang)

Network vs community?

“A network is composed of loose ties, often the focus is on a topic or particular type of content or behavior. A community may have the same focus but the ties are stronger. No one misses you in a network; they might if you’re a popular and vocal member of a community.”

(Amy Jo Kim, author of Community Building on the Web )

”a webcommunity refers to a group integrated together by networked computers that has a sense of and a feeling towards itsself as a continuing, valuable collectivity”

(Dean, 2000: 6)

Community birth

• Disrupting moments in a group witness the birth of communitites (ex. Dibbell and rape in cyberspace)

• Social control evolves: either embedded in the software or in behaviour codes

Can we design a community or does a community always generate

spontaneously?

Tekst-guides

Cavanagh: The Internet as a social space

give us a break!

community

“Virtual communities are social aggregations that emerge from the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace”

(Rheingold, 1993: 25)

3 main kinds of communities in research:

•Text-based communication (the WELL)•Discussion groups•MUDs, virtual worlds and computer games

Definition problem?

the same term has been “applied to synchronous chat systems such as IRC, asynchronous conferencing systems such as the WELL and netnews groups, and systems like MUDs and MOOs that provide both synchronous and asynchronous communications”

(Erickson)

So where is the focus? What is the difference for example between community and subculture?

Community characteristics: ex. World of Warcraft

• membership (accounts, explicit, tied to player not character)

• relationships (race, class, level)

• commitment and generalized reciprocity (dedication, respecting rules: hard/soft)

• shared values and practices (character advancement, similar paths)

• collective goods (world, equipment)

• duration (world exists all the time, external fora)

EriksonCompare to Baym?

Kinds of communitites

Klastrup, 2003

Real life vs online communities

• How are they similar?• How are they

different?• How they affect /

supplement each other?

A little history: first MUD, 1979

History: moderated newsgroups 1984

History: Habitat 1985

History: Everquest, 1999

History: second life 2003

History: evolution

• The two trends: focused exchanges (about communication) vs worlds (about ”living”)– Sometimes confusions as research to one side

applied to the other

• Special interest communities supported by websites (+ fora)

• Blog communities?• Social software communities: profile

based?

give us a break!

Tekst-guides

Bakardijeva: how people are together on the Internet

Til næste uge

• lÆS– Cavanagh, Allison. 2007. Sociology in the Age of the

Internet. London: OUP, pp.38-56.

– Rheingold, Howard. 2002. Smart Mobs. The Next Social Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Basic Books, pp. 157-182.

– Keen, Andrew. 2007. The Cult of the Amateur - How Today's Internet is Killing Our Culture. Doubleday/Currency,. Pp. 35-63.

• Praktisk: find an artikel in wikipedia om noget du er ekspert i, kig også på ”discussion” og ”history” i den artikel. Målet: at have en ide om hvordan a ”collaborative wisdom” project works.

Bibliography• Baym, Nancy: The Emergence of On-Line Community. In Cybersociety

2.0. Red. Jones, Steve. Sage Publications, 1998. 35-68.• Baym, N. K. (2007). The new shape of online community: The example of

Swedish independent music fandom. First Monday, volume 12, number 8.• Bruckman, Amy : “Finding One’s Own in Cyberspace”. Jan 1996. 7 p• Coleman, James S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. In

American Journal of Sociology, vol. 94, 1988. Pp. 95- 120.• Dean, Jodi: Community. In Unspun – Key Concepts for Understanding the

World Wide Web, red. Thomas Swiss. New York University Press, 2000. Pp. 4-16.

• Erickson, Thomas. 1996. Social Interaction on the Net: Virtual Community as Participatory Genre. IEEE 13th Proceedings. http://www.pliant.org/personal/Tom_Erickson/VC_as_Genre.html

• Garton, L, Haythornwaite, C. & Wellman, B.: Studying On-Line Social Networks. In Doing Internet Research – Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net, red. Steve Jones. Sage Publications, 1999. Pp. 75-106.

• Klastrup, Lisbeth. 2003. "A Poetics of Virtual Worlds". In Proceedings of the Fifth International Digital Arts and Culture Conference, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia. May 19 - 23, 2003.

• Rheingold, Howard. 1993. Virtual Community: homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

• Wellman, Barry & Gulia, Milena: Virtual Communities as Communities – Net surfers Don’t Ride Alone. In: Communities in Cyberspace. Red. Smith, Marc A. & Kollock, Peter. Routledge, 1999.

kursusproblemer

• Øvelser: failure• Forelæsningen:

monolithic• Tekster: ved ikke?• Timing: rushed og

sammentidig bruger vi ikke alt vores tid

• Blog ok som det er? Low-intensity communication, not dialogue

kursusrevolution

• ”Øvelser” + tekstguides integreret del af forelæsningen

• Bruge øvelsestid til ”extended lecture” if necessary

• Målrettet øvelser: opgave planlægning og skrivning fra 25 marts

• Vi prøver i dag og så skal I stemme igen

The poll: undervisning

Jeg foretrækker den NY stil / den GAMLE stil

1/3 ting som er gode/vil beholde:

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1/3 ting som er skidte/kan forbedres:

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