DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPYDIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY

TUBE ABOVE THE TABLETUBE ABOVE THE TABLE

TUBE UNDER THE TABLETUBE UNDER THE TABLE

C-ARM FLUOROSCOPYC-ARM FLUOROSCOPY

MINI C-ARMMINI C-ARM

CONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPYCONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPY

FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-IMAGE INTENSIFIED SYSTEMIMAGE INTENSIFIED SYSTEM

1. X-RAY TUBE2. PATIENT3. IMAGE INTENSIFIER4. OUTPUT PHOSPHOR5. CAMERA6. MONITOR

BEAM SPLITTERBEAM SPLITTER

FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-DIGITAL SYSTEM DIGITAL SYSTEM

ADC

DAC

             

                 

FLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEMFLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEMIMAGE INTENSIFIERIMAGE INTENSIFIER

CAMERACAMERA

VIDEO SIGNAL - ANALOG

I.I.I.I.

INPUT OF I.I. INPUT OF I.I.

OUTPUT OFI.I.OUTPUT OFI.I.

ADVANTAGE OF DF OVER ADVANTAGE OF DF OVER CONVENTIONAL I.I. CONVENTIONAL I.I.

FLUOROSCOPYFLUOROSCOPY

SPEED OF IMAGE ACQUISITION

POSTPROCESSING

FLUOROSCOPY MATRIXFLUOROSCOPY MATRIX

PIXEL SIZEPIXEL SIZE

IMAGE INTENSIFIER SIZE / MATRIX

DURING DF TUBE OPERATES IN DURING DF TUBE OPERATES IN RADIOGRAPHIC MODERADIOGRAPHIC MODE

( HIGH mA value)( HIGH mA value)

TUBE HEAT OVERLOAD!!!TUBE HEAT OVERLOAD!!!

NO, BEACAUSE OF PULSED BEAM!!!NO, BEACAUSE OF PULSED BEAM!!!

PULSED PROGRESSIVE PULSED PROGRESSIVE FLUOROSCOPYFLUOROSCOPY

IMAGE ACQUSITION TIME IMAGE ACQUSITION TIME ( CAPTURE) IN FLUORO( CAPTURE) IN FLUORO

1/SEC TO 10/SEC

TUBE INTERROGATION TUBE INTERROGATION TIMETIME

THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE X-RAY TUBE TO BE SWITCHED ON

EXTINCTION TIMEEXTINCTION TIME

THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE X-RAY TUBE TO BE SWITCHED OFF

GENERATORS IN DIGITAL GENERATORS IN DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPYFLUOROSCOPY

THREE PHASE

HIGH FREQUENCY

EXTINCTION TIME < 1 ms

IN 1980 CCD REPLACED IN 1980 CCD REPLACED THE CAMERA IN VIDEO THE CAMERA IN VIDEO

SYSTEMSYSTEM

I.I. AND CCDI.I. AND CCD

LIGHT

SIGNAL

CCD SYSTEM ADVANTAGE CCD SYSTEM ADVANTAGE OVER CAMERA SYSTEMOVER CAMERA SYSTEM

HIGH DQE LOW LEVEL OF ELECTRONIC NOISE HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION NO LAG OR BLOOMING NO MAINTENANCE UNLIMITED LIFE UNAFFECTED BY MAGNETIC FIELD LINEAR RESPONSE LOWER DOSE

RESPONSE OF CCD- RESPONSE OF CCD- LINEARLINEAR

FUTURE – CCD REPLACED FUTURE – CCD REPLACED BY SILICON PIXEL BY SILICON PIXEL

DETECTORSDETECTORS

VIDEO SYSTEM IN DFVIDEO SYSTEM IN DF

525 LINE SYSTEM

IMAGE FORMATIONIMAGE FORMATION

TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION

ENERGY SUBTRACTION

TEMPORAL SUBTRACTIONTEMPORAL SUBTRACTION

IMAGE OBTAINED AT ONE TIME IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE IMAGE OBTAINED AT THE LATER TIME

ENERGY SUBTRACTIONENERGY SUBTRACTION

USES TWO DIFFERENT X-RAY BEAMS ALTERNATELY TO PROVIDE A SUBTRACTION IMAGE RESULTING FROM DIFFERENCES IN PHOTOELECTRIC INTERACTION

HYBRID SUBTRACTIONHYBRID SUBTRACTION

TEMPORAL S. ENERGY S.

TEMPORAL SUBTRACTIONTEMPORAL SUBTRACTION

SUBTRACTIONSUBTRACTION

DOSEDOSE

DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY DOSEDOSE

½ OF THE CONVENTIONAL I.I. FLUOROSCOPY