Digital Content ProtectionOverview

April 26, 2002

• Current digital media landscape

• Current/emerging protection measures

• Future trends

• Issues

Content Pipes Players User interface Users

Digital Media LandscapeStorage

Content Types• Audio-visual

• Sound

• Interactive

• Executables

• Text

• Other data

Digital distribution pipes• Narrowband phone• Broadband (Cable/DSL/Satellite)• Cable• DBS• Broadcast (Digital TV/Radio/Datacasting)• Wireless 2 way nets

– 2.5/3G cell– 802.11x hot spots– LMDS/MMDS

Players• PC’s/Info appliances• TV STB’s (Digital cable/VDSL/PVR’s/ITV)• DVD/DVD-R• D-VHS• i-DVD• Game console• CD• MP3• MP4• PDA’s• Cell phones

Digital storage media• DVD• CD• D-VHS• DAT• Removeable Mag disc• Hard Mag Disc• Flash RAM/ROM• Non volatile-RAM• Micro-optical

User interface

• TV

• Stereo

• PC display

• Phone display

• PDA display

Users

• Primary– consumers

• Secondary– Libraries– Teachers/Students– Researchers/Developers

• Special needs– Disabled

Current protection measures• Audio-visual

– Stored media• DVD CSS

• Macrovision

• D-VHS D-Theatre

– Cable /satellite• Conditional access systems (W/return path)

– Web• Proprietary DRM’s (e.g. Microsoft MRM)

• Open rights languages (XRML, ORDL)

Emerging protection measures• Audio-visual

– Stored media (DVD’s, PVR’s)• CPRM/4C • DTCP/5C• D-Theater• HDCP/DVI• HDMI

– Cable /satellite• POD’s• STB protections

– 4C/5C/– HDCP/HDMI/DVI– PHILA/OCAP

– Broadcast• Flags• Watermarks (e.g. CPRM/4C)

– Web• Secure PC

Current protection measures• Audio

– Stored media/recorders• Legislation (DMCA, AHRA)

• CD copy protect (e.g. Cactus Data Shield)

• CGMS, SCMS

• SDMI

– Web• Proprietary DRM’s (e.g. Microsoft MRM)

• Open rights languages (XRML, ORDL)

• Secure audio path

Emerging protection measures

• Music/Audio– Stored media/recorders

• Watermarks for playback/copy control (e.g. Verance)

• DVD-audio CSS-2

– Web• Secure PC

OK

Monitor

Secure Media Player

Secure OS API

Secure Video Driver

Software Stack

DRM Wrapper

Content

WM

WMDetect

D/ADisplay ControllerVRAM

VRAMWM

WM

WM

Scenario #1

OK

Monitor

Media Player

Secure OS API

Secure Video Driver

Software Stack

WMDetect

D/ADisplay ControllerVRAM

VRAM

Scenario #2

Content

No Watermark Detected

Scenario #3

COPYRIGHTVIOLATION

Monitor

Media Player

Secure OS API

Secure Video Driver

Software Stack

Content

WM

WMDetect

D/ADisplay ControllerVRAM

VRAMWM

Marked Content accompanied by DRM

Un- Marked Content not accompanied by DRM

Marked Content not accompanied by DRM

Future trends

• All different player types connected in home• Storage media portable between different player types• Moore’s law will aggravate piracy problem

– Faster pipes– Better compression– Bigger memories– Smaller storage

• New potential “fair uses” of rich media (distance learning)• New players (e.g. MP4), pipes (Digital Terrestrial Broadcast), media types (e.g. Interactive

TV)will emerge• Consumers growing up with belief that “ sharing of licensed content with others is OK”

Issues• Protection of unsecured content in peer-to-peer networks• Affordable protection in devices (e.g. PC’s) with many inputs, internal data paths, storage devices, data types

and outputs• Renewability/extensibility of new measures• Managing the legacy problem while enabling responsible innovation• Interoperability of proprietary DRM’s and other protections• Public vs. private ownership• Role of government• Number of distinct measures needed to accommodate variability of compute power, memory, display

performance, return path etc• Accommodating fair use and potential fair use applications

– Consumer time shifting/portability, distance learning– Digital “check out” from libraries

• Achieving Multiple lines of defense for unsecured content– Playback control– Copy control– Transmission control– Forensic tracking– Renewability/revocability of all of above– Enabling new business models (e.g. super-distribution)