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Digestive system: obtains nutrients cells need to survive, grow, and function
• Ingestion• Propulsion = movement
– Muscle tissue
• Digestion = breakdown of ingested materials– Mechanical – Chemical w/ enzymes
• Absorption = transport of nutrients from digestive tract into circulation
• Elimination = pooping (defecation)
Figure 26.1
Digestive Tract (primary organs)
Figure 26.3
Figure 26.3
Figure 26.4
Figure 26.12
Figure 26.14
Anterior view
Stomach
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Duodenum
Mesentery
Ileocecaljunction
Cecum
Ascending colon
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Figure 26.7
Figure 26.8
Figure 26.16
Figure 26.16
Figure 26.9
Figure 26.15
Figure 26.10
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa(mucousmembrane)
Epithelium
Laminapropria
Muscularismucosae
Circularmusclelayer
Longitudinalmusclelayer
(serous membrane;visceral peritoneum)
Connectivetissuelayer
Peritoneum
Intestinalgland
Lymphaticnodule
Ducts fromglands
Gland in submucosa
Entericplexus
Myentericplexus
Submucosalplexus
Blood vessels
Nerve
Mesentery
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
20,000x
(c)
Villus
Epithelialcell
Lacteal (lymph)
Capillary(blood)
Epithelial cell
Microvilli
Microvilli ofepithelial cellsurface
Villi
Blood capillarynetwork
Lacteal
Epithelium
Intestinalgland
Duodenalgland
Top ofcircular fold
(b)
(d)
Figure 26.16
Figure 26.18
Figure 26.20
Figure 26.21
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Liver
Left and right hepatic ductsCommonhepatic duct
Gallbladder
Cystic duct
Hepatic portal vein
Common bile ductAccessory pancreaticduct
Minor duodenalpapilla
Major duodenalpapilla
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Duodenum(cutaway view)
Anterior view
Pancreas
Pancreaticduct
Spleen
1
2
3
4
5
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(a)
Circular folds
EpitheliumSubmucosa
Circular muscle
Longitudinal muscle
Serosa
Jejunum
Duodenum
PancreaticductsHead of
pancreas
Major duodenal papilla
Minor duodenalpapilla
Common bileduct from liver
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Transverse colon
Right colic flexure(hepatic flexure)
Ascendingcolon
Ileum
Ileocecalvalve
Cecum
Vermiformappendix
Left colic flexure(splenic flexure)
Descending colon
Haustra
Teniae coli
Epiploicappendages
Sigmoid colon
Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter
(b) Anterior view
Anal canal
Rectum
(a) Anterior view
Figure 26.5
Figure 26.6
s.m.
s.l.
