Digestive System Knp Note Taking Sheet

7/30/2019 Digestive System Knp Note Taking Sheet

1/5

Human Body Systems

Dv S

occurs when chemical _________

occur that break down large

molecules of food into smaller

ones.

Takes place when food is

__________, mixed, and churned.

This mainly occurs in the mouth

and stomach.

Digestion is the process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be

_________________ and moved into the blood, then on to the cells.

Food is processed in your body in ______ stages:

ingestion

_______________

absorption

elimination

Function of the Digestive System

name: __________________

Mechanical Digestion

Enzymes help you digest _______________________, fats and proteins.

_______________________ is an enzyme produced in a gland near the mouth.

Amylase helps speed up the breakdown of complex carbs, such as starch, into simpler carbs

- sugar.

In your stomach, the enzyme _______________________ helps in the breakdown of

complex proteins into less complex proteins. In your small _______________________, many other enzymes continue to speed up the

breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

The _______________________, an organ on the back outside of the stomach, releases

several enzymes through a tube into the small intestine.

They breakdown starches that started to be broken down in the mouth. The starches are

broken down into glucose to be used by cells.

Other enzymes from the pancreas are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and proteins.

The Enzymes of Digestion

Chemical DigestionTYPES OFDIGESTION


2/5

tongue

__________

salivary glands

liver

_______________

pancreas

The human digestive system is like a long tube with specialized sections. If it is stretched

out, it would be _________ meters long. Absolutely __________-_________________!

One Long Tube

2SECTIONS OFDIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Mechanical and _______________ digestion begins in the mouth.

Mechanical digestion - when you chew with your teeth and mix with your tongue.

Chemical digestion - watery substances called saliva is added to your mouth. Saliva is

produced by 3 sets of glands near your mouth.

_______________ - mostly water, but also

contains mucus and an enzyme that helps in

the breakdown of starch into sugar.

Food mixed with saliva becomes a soft mass

and is moved to the back of your mouth by

your ______________.

It is swallowed and passes into your

esophagus.

_________________ is now complete.

Mouth

mouth

esophagus

____________

small intestine

large intestine___________

anus

Digestive Tract - which food passes through Accessory Organs - which food doesnt pass through


3/5

Food that passes from the mouth into the esophagus,

first passes the _______________.

Epiglottis - structure that automatically covers the

opening to the wind pipe to prevent food from

entering the lungs and causing you to choke.

Esophagus - muscular tube about ______ cm long. It

takes ____________ seconds for food to travel

through it.

No digestion takes place in the esophagus, but there are

_______________ glands in the wall to keep the food moist.

The walls are made of smooth muscles, which move the food down to the stomach with a

squeezing motion called ___________________________.

Stomach - muscular bag, that when empty is sausage shaped with folds on the inside.

As food enters, the stomach expands and the ____________ smooth out.

Mechanical and chemical digestion take place here.

Mechanical - food is mixed by peristalsis

Chemical - food is mixed with enzymes and strong digestive solutions, like hydrochloric

acid.

Specialized cells in the walls of the stomach release about _______ liters of HCl solution

each day. WOW!!

The acidic solution works with the enzyme ____________ to digest protein. It also

destroys bacteria that are present in the food.

The stomach also produces ____________,making the food slippery and protects the

stomach from the strong, digestive solutions.

Food moves out of the stomach after

_________ hours and is changed into a thin,

water liquid called ______________.

Little by little chyme leaves the stomach and

moves to the small intestine.

Stomach

Esophagus


4/5

The small intestine is small in diameter, but is ________ meters longs!

Food from the stomach enters the first section of the small intestine called the

_________________. Most digestion takes place here.

A greenish fluid, _____________, is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

The acid from the stomach makes large fat particles float to the top of the bile.

Bile breaks up the large fat particles, similar to the way detergent breaks up grease.

Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats occurs when a digestive solution

from the pancreas is mixed in. The solution contains bicarbonate ions to _____________

the stomach acid and enzymes to continue the breakdown.

Your pancreas also makes _____________, a hormone that allows glucose to pass from

the blood stream into your cells.

_____________ of food nutrients takes place in the small intestine.

The wall of the small intestine has many ridges and folds that are covered with fingerlike

projections called _____________.

Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine so that the nutrients in the chyme have

more places to be absorbed.

By how much do villi increase the surface area of the small intestine? If you were to stretch

out the villi of the small intestine they

would cover a

___________________!!

Peristalsis continues to move and mix

the chyme.

Nutrients move into the

________________ vessels within

the villi. The blood transports the

nutrients to all cells of your body.

Peristalsis continues to force the

remaining ________________ and

unabsorbed materials slowly into the

large intestine.

Small Intestine


5/5

When the chyme enters the large intestine it is still thin and ________________.

The main job of the large intestine is to ________________ water from the undigested

mass.

This keeps large amounts of water in your body and maintains ________________. Peristalsis ____________________ in the large intestine.

The chyme might stay there for as long as

_____ days.

After the excess water is absorbed the

undigested material become more

____________.

________________ in the rectum (the lastsection of the large intestine) and the anus

control the release of semisolid wastes from

the body in the form of feces.

Large Intestine

Many types of ________________ are in your body.

They live in many of the organs in your digestive tract, including your mouth and large

intestine, where both your body and the bacteria are ________________.

Bacteria in your large intestine feed on undigested material like cellulose. The bacteria

make vitamins you need- vitamin K and 2 vitamin Bs.

Vitamin K is needed is needed for blood ________________. The Vitamin Bs are

needed for your ________________ system for other body functions.

The breakdown of intestinal materials by bacteria produces gas.

Bacteria Are Important

Documents

Digestive System Knp Note Taking Sheet