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DIGESTIVE SYSTEMOVERVIEW
dr. SuwonoBlok Nutrisi & Sistem Digesti, 25 Maret 2010
[05]
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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SUMARYThe digestive system contributes to homeostasis by
breaking down food into forms that can be absorbed and used by body
cells. It also absorbs water, vitamins, and minerals, and
eliminates wastes from the body.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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PROBLEM ANALYSISStructureFunctionMechanismRegulationRelation
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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STRUCTUREMacrostructureDigestive tract (alimentary
canal)Accessory digestives organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands,
liver, gallbladder, and pancreasMicrostructureMucosa: epithelium,
lamina propria, muscularis mucosaeSubmucosa: areolar connective
tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, submucosal plexus, glands
& lymphatic tissueMuscularis: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
(circular & longitudinal), myenteric plexusSerosa: visceral
peritoneum
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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FUNCTION & MECHANISMIngestion: eatingSecretion: 7 liter/day-
water, acid, buffers, enzymesMixing & propulsion:
motilityDigestion: mechanical & chemical digestionAbsorption:
entrance of ingested & secreted fluids, ions & products of
digestionDefecation: feces: wastes, indigestible substances,
bacteria, cells sloughed, unabsorbed digested materials, feces
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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REGULATIONNeural innervationEnteric nervous system: myenteris
plexus, submucosal plexus, chemo- & stretch receptorsAutonomic
nervous system: N. X, sacral parasympathetic- increase secretion
& motility), sympathetic (thoracic & upper lumbar regions
of spinal cord)(decrease GI secretion & motility)GI reflex
pathwayHormonal regulation: gastrin, CCK, secretin
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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RELATIONAll body systems: absorbs nutrients, water, minerals
& vitaminsIntegumentary system: vit D, subcutaneous fatSkeletal
system: Ca & phosphorous saltsMuscular system: conversion of
lactic acidNervous system: glucose
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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RELATIONEndocrine system: inactivates hormones, insulin,
glucagon, angiotensinogenCardiovascular system: water, iron, plasma
proteinsLymphatic system & immunity: acidityRespiratory system:
exhalationUrinary system: water, urineReproductive system:
nutrients
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
