Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism. The EU as a Model of Regional Integration

8/22/2019 Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism. The EU as a Model of Regional Integration

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D (I-) RThe EU as a Model of Regional Integraon

Tj A. Bz d Th R

No. 7 | September 2009

Working Paper


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 7 | September 2009

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T Tv Pw Ep

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A KFG W P v h KFG w www.. c dd v

[email protected].

Cyh h : Tj A. Bz d Th R

Ed c d dc: F Ah

Bz, Tj A./R, Th 2009: D (I-) R: Th EU Md R I , KFG

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Uvy B.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

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Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism | 3

Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism

The EU as a Model of Regional Integration

Tj A. Bz T R

F Uv B

Abstract

Th E U (EU) cv d , whch d

y cvy h dv (-) cc d c c,

h d -d , d h c j c d dc-

hhd d yd w w h wd d h EU.

I h , w x h x whch EU h h yd

d. M ccy, w yz wh xcy h EU x d hw h d x

d cy h c w (-), h

hd, d c hd c, h h. W cd h . Th

h h ch d hh whch h EU d h d

h d hd c. I h cd

, w c h EU x c h ch h

dw . W ccd wh cd wh x h

c EU d vc.

T A

Tanja A. Brzel P Pc Scc d hd h ch E

I h O Sh I Pc Scc, F Uv B.

H ch cc q Gvc, ch

Ez w h d d d c wh d

d h E U. Sc Oc 2008, h cd h Rch

C Th Tv Pw E h wh Th R.

T R P I R d dc h C

T R, F d Scy Pcy h O Sh I

Pc Scc, F Uv B. H j ch h d

Tc R, Gvc A Ld Shd d E

Pc Sh. Sc Oc 2008, h cd h Rch C Th

Tv Pw E h wh Tj A. Bz.


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Contents

1. Idc 5

2. D R I: A M 6

3. P R I h N d F Ad 9

3.1 Supporng Regional Integraon Far Away:

The EUs Interregional Cooperaon with South America and Asia 10

3.2 Encouraging Regional Integraon in its Near Abroad:

The EUs Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy 16

4. Nw R - Th EU Ad G Gvc? 22

L 24


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1. Ic1

Our European model of integraon is the most developed in the world.Imperfect though it sll is, it nevertheless works on a connental scale.

Given the necessary instuonal reforms, it should connue to work well aer

enlargement, and I believe we can make a convincing case that it would also

work globally(R Pd, 31 Mch 2000)2

Th E U (EU) cv d cv d vc

d y h c d . Mv, h EU cvy h dv

(-) cc d c c, h d -d , d

h c j c d dc- hhd d yd

w w h wd d h EU. I dc

E d (Bcch 2006; G 2004), h EU cc w , x

S-Sh Ac, whch h w chcc (.. cc ddc) d hv

hdy dvd ccv dy. Th, h EU vd ch y dy x c

. Th EU d d y

v dd h x wh hd c d h . I d

yd d c c c hy cdd h wy

() cy, y d y h EU d d yd ( M 2006).

Th x ch d, whch d h vy d h E U, h vd

cc dc cy dy (M 2002; Dz 2005; M/Wh 2003).

I h , w x h x whch h EU h h yd

d. M ccy, w yz wh xcy h EU x d hw h d

x d cy h c w (-), h

hd, d c hd c, h h. W cd h . Th

h h ch d hh whch h EU d h d

h d hd c. I h cd

, w c h EU x c h ch h

dw . W ccd wh cd wh x h c EU d vc.

1 W dd V v H h wy c c d . Mv, w

h Eh Ad, C Bch, Mh G, Ev G. Hdd, P Lc, Y P-

, Ad Sh, d L Thh h h c h c h .

2 Sch h 2d COMECE C, B, SPEECH/00/115.


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2. D R I: A M

Th d d h c c ch h c cc, cy, w, hy,

d cc ( vvw S/D/G 2006; Hz/J/K 2007; S/

S 1998). I cy dy hw h EU

x . D c ccvd c hh whch d d c

d c (c. S/My 1993). Th xcy wh h EU d d h d

h v d c d hw chv c, wh d c

jc. T hv h d hd c cc d d d, h EU h dvd

h hcd x h dcy h d ch dd h .

Th v d ch c d d h j c c c h

dc c d h wh c c d (c. Mch/

O 1998; H 1981; R 2000): 1) y chc; 2) v

y c ; 3) ccv y c . Th h

hz v d xc wh d hw c d d dcd

d h, cvy.3 Bd h h c c c, w dy v d

ch (zd 1). F h h , w c h /d

d, c w d h wy whch h EU c d.

Figure 1: Mechanisms of Diusion

Social Mechanism and Underlying Theory ofSocial Acon

Promoter of Ideas (Sender)

Coercion

(legal and physical imposion)

ccv hy (Herrscha), hyc c

Manipulaon of Ulity Calculaons

(instrumental raonality)(v d v) cv

Socializaon

(normave raonality)

d hh vd hv

d (v )

Persuasion

(communicave raonality)

d hh -

v

Emulaon (indirect inuence)

lesson-drawing (instrumental raonality)a)

mimicry (normave raonality)b)

( c d c cy

h ch d q h

cv d)

3 N h h w ch d y. Id d ch cx c h v

ch hd d w y v c .


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Th ch, whch vd h vy d d,

cc coercion. Ac y y hv chc cc d c hy cd y

h h h c hyc vc (Hd 1999). Scy , cc y v

wh d h d d (Ez) h

cy wh EU w. M h E U jc d dd y h c w

h E C Jc (Sh 1992) E dcv hz

(Sch 2003; Bz hc). I x , h EU h d ccv w. Whh

h d dy cv w c y c h ccy y v

q, whch , hwv, yd h c h .

Th cd ch cc d d hh h manipulaon of ulity calculaons y

vd v d v cv. Ac c d z dvd

, ch cc w , vd c, x y z c

h c h c v x, ch cv w. I v,

h d c dc h c d h d y h y

c. Thy vd wd, x c d chc c, c c

hh c w dc c wh h h d h d (Kh 1984;

L 1997; W/Schd 1997). Th y c d c dv By

(S . 2006: 796) c cv w h d h

c hw ch c cy (M 2006).

Cc h EU x c d h v d h

jc hd c, cvy (x d), h EU h d h xz

E d w , ch cy, y, y d

v c. I dc h c cc d d d, h EU d h

hv hvy d x cv (cdy), h hd, d chc

d c c (ccy-d), h h (Sch/Sd 2005; Ky 2004;

Vchdv 2005; Bz . 2008). Condionality h c- cc

c hh c v d v cv. Capacity-building, y c, vd

c wh dd c (c) chc wh.

Th hd d h h ch dw c c c hzd y c ccv h

wh hc w d. Socializaon w hh v y h c

(Mch/O 1989, 1998) whch d c d hv

h c d h h h h h xz z h v . Ac

z w d d c () cy d

d (F/S 1998). Sch c cz cx y

whch c d h d d (Chc 2005; Jh 2007). Thy c w

hh hz. By h , c y ch h c cc d d,

y d w h w.


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Persuasion d ccv y h c . I whch

c y d ch h h vdy c h y c v .

A vv -v d ch h c w h cy . Wh

h hz h z, whch ch c

d (F 1996; Chc 2001), h c h () -v

z d (Kc/S 1998; H 1992).

Wh d h x d d v cz d , h EU vd

ch y. Th EU d d y v

dd h x wh hd c. Th d c c c

hy cdd h wy () cy, y d y h EU

d d yd ( M 2006). Th x d whch d h vy d

h E U, h vd cc dc cy dy (M 2002; Dz 2005;

M/Wh 2003). I x , h EU d h d c d h d hh c d zd

c d d c (c. Y 2001).

Emulaon, y, d q cv d, dc c. I y

d h c c (cv h, c. H/F 1977). Ac

c wh ch h v c c c, x c y

cc wh, whch hy y dj h hv ccdy (E/Gz/

S 2006; V 1995; Bch/J/Tw 2005). C d y h d

d v dd c cc hv d c ,

c y cc, hw ch h dd (Bz 2007). Ac,

, w d d v h c () c h. Id y

c c (My 2000: 175) d cd cy, cy d dc

wh h q, h h d x . Ac h c d h

cvy vd wh d h dc cx (My/

Rw 1977; Dwz/Mh 2000; Gz 2001). Nx -dw, whch d

y (c. R 1993), c y h v , c h

z (yc ; c. P/G 2005) y h hv c

d (cy; c. My/Rw 1977; Hv 1993).

E h dd wh d h EU x d d. Th EU h h

c c c c wh h EU. Wh h EU x

hv y cd d d (Bz . 2008; Bz/R

hc), cc d hhd c wh h EU

d h c wh d d E d (B/K/Pch 2007). Nx

h c, h EU h d h O Mhd Cd dvd y v

EU cy- (dc, y, hh) c

c wh ch d z vw (T 2003). A

h , z c h hv cy cd h EU ( w).

Th Ad Cy, h Ac U d cy h Ac Sh A N

(ASEAN) hv dd h h EU c h .


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Wh h EU c c -dw d cy, d cy dd-

dv y c wh h cv d cy.

I , h EU h dvd x d h d h wh

h d, ch dccy, h h d d vc hd c d h .

A w w h x c, h EU c d, d x cdy

ch h c v d c, cvy, c v

-d. Ccy-d hh chc d c c, , h h

d d h cy cy ch. Cdy d c d cd

h h d ch dd v ( y cc, cz,

). Thy c d c . Thcy, h EU cd y

cc h d . Ccy-d, y, d,

hc, c c v d ch.

Figure 2: The EU tool box for the external diusion of ideas

D Mc I

cc y v

y cc cdy

c d c d

c d, cdy

c

3. P R I N F Ab

Th EU cdd h d dd . I d, d d h cc v (Ch/C 2002: 481). I cc c, h EU h vd

j c v -d wh v

h d cc d y h US (G 2004; H 2005, 2007).4 Th cc

E cc d h c d Ac, A, d h Ac

y h 1960 d 1970.

Wh h c h w h 1980, h EU h c -d

h h wd. Th Ad Cy (Sd 2007), d h Ac U hv d

4 Iy h, h EU h h US c h c-

c E h Scd Wd W d W c h Sv U.


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h EU . Th C M h Sh (Mc) (d C 1999;

Vcc 2007) h d h y ch (D 2006),

wh cy vd h, cy h hd h Cy Mhd (Ph 2004: 96-

99). Th c ASEAN, whch h h vd h EU d c

, (Achy 1997; H 2007), cy cd

v dw h h Cy-Bd ( w).

Th EU d d h d w d. Th hd chd wh h d h

Cd W, wh h EU qy xdd cy. Tdy, x

wh vy cy d h wd. Th EU h y w h h,

dccy, d h w wh x (c. Bz . 2008; Bz/

R hc). Th h c h vc c

h EU x, cy d hhd. Ad I- wy

c-cc dv, dccy d d vc hh d d c (h) h dvd h d cy (c. Sh 2008:

109; G 2004).

Th x c w x d hw h EU h h d h d

hh x . W wh y h EU --

v d h c c.

3.1 Supporng Regional Integraon Far Away: The EUs Interregional Cooperaonwith South America and Asia

Th EU h d x c d cdc 19 c d wh

(Sh 2008: 101-104). Gv h c h , w w c h

x: h C M h Sh (Mc), h Ad Cy (CAN), d Ac

Sh E A S (ASEAN).

Th EU h dvd -- h wh Sh d C Ac. Sh

d C Ac c, h c , d z

hv y d d v z. Th EU qy hd cc

h wh Mc,5 h Ad Cy,6 h S J G,7 d , h R G.8

Iy, h cd cc, chc, d cc c dd y v

, ch AL Iv, A. EU d h y dd hh h ALA . I h

1980, hwv, dccy d h h d wh h Dc

5 A, Bz, Py, Uy; Bv, Ch, C, Ecd d P cy hv c -

. Vz d h 17 J 2006, c

y h d y h Py d h Bz .

6 Bv, Ecd, C, P, Vz.

7 C Rc, E Svd, G, Hd, Nc, P.

8 A, Bv, B, Ch, Ecd, C, Mxc, P, P, Uy, Vz.


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c d wh h Ad Cy 1983 d h S J G 1984,

vv h R G. Ecc d c c h wy xcy d

. Hwv, c d c d hv cy d d

d d wd h v jc -d. Th C A, whch

h EU d h 1990, vd dc -d.

El Mercado Comn del Sur (Mercosur)

I 1995, h EU d Mc d I Fw C A y h

c. Th A EU c d chc w-hw h c

c w cy w.9 Th 2007-2013 R

Idcv P vd 50 jc d h h

(.. h Mc Sc, Mc P), h h Ac A

wh h EU c h Mc w hv cd S M (.. chc ddz,

c hz), d h c cv cy h Mc c (..

EU-Mc Sd C; dv d chc c). 10

Pc d (C Cc) d c (J C) h

h h h A y xch cc d

(T VIII). 11 Ov, EU c d c d h h Mc h cc

I Ac A (A. 4), whch w vd c vy

h S M. Th c h c h Mc C M j

cd h cc z d d v w h w . Sc h

I Fw C A hd d c 1999, Mc h d

EU , cd h C d R P, h Mc Fd

Sc Cvc, d h Mc P. Nx -d, EU c h

d -Mc d y vd w , wh d x.

La Comunidad Andina (Andean Community/CAN)

Th EU h h wh h Ad Cy (CAN), dd y 1969 ( h

cd Ad Pc).12 Th c w w h E Ecc

Cy d h Ad Pc cc c, ccdd 1983. B y d

d dv, c h h, dccy, d h w dy d

h Ty. I w cd y y Fw C A, whch

cd h h d dccy, d dv, c dv d

9 h://-x../LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:21996A0319(02):EN:HTML; cc 13 Mch

2009.

10 h://c../x_/c//07_13_.d (28-39); cc 13 Mch 2009.

11 C. J Dc c d w h E U d Mc, h://-x../

LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:21996A0319(02):EN:HTML; cc 13 Mch 2009.

12 Bv, Ecd, C, P, d 2006, Vz.


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. Th x w cd y h Pc D d C

A, whch h EU d h CAN d 2003.13 I c y c c d d

cd d . Rh, h w A h z d h h c

d d w w h R Dc (1996) d d

c cd w ch h h, cc v, , w h h

d d . Sc h cd c h c

h Ad Cy, cy wh d h dv d

C M (A. 6 III; A. 11). Th Pc D d C A vy

h I Fw A w h EU d Mc, h wh d h jcv

d h chv h. Lw, h EU h d Ac A

2007, whch h h w v c h y y c d d

c - d d v hh d . Nx c d, h EU

chc d c c. L c Mc,

h R Idcv P h CAN 50 h d 2007-2013 d

h c Dv C (DCI).14 Th vd jc y

. I c wh h EU h y d cc h CAN;

h cy cd -d, . Rv 1997, h Ad Pc

d Ad Cy d y d j h EU, cd

dcy cd Ad P, Ad Cc M, Ad C Jc, whch

hd h cy d dc c Ad Lw, d Ad P. Fy, h CAN h

y h y wh h EU, h d wh

Mc h d 2005.

Ov, h EU hv dvd c -z-- ch

-- Sh Ac. U h US, h EU d xcvy

, hh c d cc c wh h EU

d . N y d h EU x v y ch

h zd h h d vd y h US (c. D 2006). Td

d y c, c d chc c d d h EU d vc

c, cd h c h h, dccy, d h w. Wh h

y x h EU ccd wh hd c d , d hc

d c, h EU h vd h v v cdy.

15Id, h d c d d c -d Sh d C

Ac. Pc d d h EU wh h - , cd

h S J Pc wh h C Ac c d h C Cy (CARICOM),

w h R G (c 1990), whch h Sh Ac, C Ac d

C c zd h h Sh Ac - z.

13 h://-x../LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:52003PC0695(02):EN:HTML; cc 13

Mch 2009. Rc d.

14 h://c../x_/d//07_13_.d; cc 13 Mch 2009.

15 S y h chc d c c -d vcdy. Hwv, h EU h cd hc -

d wd ch . Rh, h EU ccy-d c d

d c.


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The Associaon of South East Asian Naons (ASEAN)

A qc c h h EU wh A c h -z--

ch h EU x , hh h c y d, h

y d c. Th c h EU A h Ac

Sh E A N dd 1967.16 ASEAN w h c h

E Cy. Th c cc w d h 1970 d zd hh h

EC-ASEAN C A 1980.

U h EU, h wh c vy h vd -d Sh E

A. N dd h v d y v . Rh, hy h

x v, c c, dc h c x w d y

h c h (Id) d c

dc, cvy (My d S). U L Ac c, ASEAN

hv cd , , whch wd c h vy. Th ASEAN

wy d -c, y, c d c. I vd d

d y w (Achy 2004; S 2005). A h d wh dxcy,

ASEAN h cy cd h h EU c c.

E h vdd c h y dy ASEAN (c.

Jch hc). Wh c d cv d d, h ASEAN Ch dd

2007 dw-d h EU c c. I h d

ASEAN Cy 2020. 17 A h Ch hd d c Dc 2008, h 14h ASEAN

S d Mch 2009 Rd h ASEAN Cy (2009-2015), cc. 18

A j , h ASEAN Ecc Cy S M d h

w d, vc, v, c, d d 19 h cd 2015. F

h z ASEAN h w , h ASEAN Pc-Scy d h ASEAN Sc-C

Cy, h dd B P. ASEAN c j

h d y h E U. Idd, ASEAN h d -d-

h d Cy wh y (Ch II). C d w ASEAN S

d Chh (A. 7) h hh dc- dy y h E Cc

d Pdcy. Th h ASEAN Cy Cc (A. 9) hv d h vw h

30 c d. Ad h Scy-G ASEAN h Ch Adv Oc,

h/h D d h ASEAN Sc (A. 11) y c E C.Fy, C P Rv h h w h ASEAN Cc (A.

12). Th Ch hvy EU cc d y d wh cd hv

v h C Ty (cd , h, , d ASEAN dy). Hwv,

ASEAN v z c y . F, dc

16 Id, My, h Ph, S, Thd, B (1984), V (1995), L (1997), My

(1997), d Cd (1999).

17 h://www.c./ASEAN-Ch.d; cc 14 Mch 2009.

18 h://www.c./22332.h; cc 14 Mch 2009.

19 h://www.14h./d/Oc_Dc/IAI%20Sc%20Fw%20-%20

W%20P%202%20_2009-2015%5B1%5D.d; cc 14 Mch 2009.


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y c d c (A. 20). Scd, ASEAN d hv dd

d dy. Dv h Ch d c h d

y h Scy-G, wh ch cc (A. 23, 27). M

y c h ASEAN S. Thd, wh h Ch h h

c,20 ASEAN d vd y y c

.21 I h, hwv, dd dhc h w, d vc, h c

dccy d c v (A. 2).

ASEAN h y cd cv c h ASEAN wy, h vc

c h EU x, d d (v)

, whch h vy d h A c c (Rd 2000). Y,

wh x h w c h wh h EU. S ,

hv y dcd cc h hd y h ASEAN wy (Jch

hc). Ad hh h ASEAN-EU h wdy cdd h d (H/Rd 2006; qd Cx 2008: 4), h chv d

zd h c Sh d C Ac.

F, ASEAN cy dcc cd C d (-) h

, wh c h h, dccy, d h w h h

q. Fw h cc L, My, V d Cd h cd h

h 1990, h EU y dd dw wh ASEAN, d d vd hh

v cc (Cx 2008: 19-23). Wh h cd v cdy,

h EU h v y hd c c. Th c w h EU d

ASEAN,22 d 1980, dd c y v dccy d h h. Wh w

A Sy dd 1994, h EU h h y h c d wh A c

h h d dccy hv y d h d h A-E

M (ASEM)23 hd -- d 1996 d h wh h

ASEAN (ARF).24 I 2001, h Sc Fw Ehcd Ph wh A

h c c. O h x jcv h EU-A c

c c h h d h d dccy, d vc d

h w.25 Y, c d h y h

( w). I c h cd cc w h EU d

ASEAN.

20 h://www.14h./_v/__.h; cc 14 Mch 2009.

21 Th ASEAN P Ay y dy zd y h ASEAN I

Sc d I Sd (ASEAN ISIS) c 2000 d d cdc d -

w v, h , d cv cy ASEAN.

22 Id, My, h Ph, S, Thd, B, V, L, Cd, d My.

23 B, Ch, Id, J, Sh K, My, h Ph, S, Thd, d V.

24 Th EU c wh Sh A Ac R C (SAARC) c Bdh,

Bh, Id, h Mdv, N, P, d S L d cd c d.

25 h://-x../LxUSv/LxUSv.d?=CELEX:52001DC0469:EN:HTML; cc 14 Mch

2009.


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Scd, v h cc c wh ASEAN h ch y-dv h c

Sh d C Ac. Th EU c d dc wh ASEAN c. A ,

ASEAN h hw ch h F Td A h h

EU. Mv, h v -ASEAN d w d h ch d ASEAN w

ch h Ecc Cy 2015 (Cx 2008: 25-30).

Gv h c, h EU h cd h -ASEAN . Fw h

Sc Fw 2001, h Sy Dc R P A 2007-2013

dc h cd h w - , ASEAN d

SAARC (F. 24), d h w cy , ARF d ASEM, h EU y x cy

d w-hw d c h v, hh dc d ch, d d

h hh, h hd, d d A, h h.26 Th M-A

Idcv P 2007-2013 775 (16 c) h EU d A d h

c I Dv C (DCI) d h h , whch 20

c h h .27 F h ASEAN d SAARC, h EU

cc -d y h SAFTA (h Sh A F Td A) d

h c h S M vd y h A Ecc Cy (AEC), whch h EU

j wd h cc FTA. Ahh c ASEAN

h y -- -d d d d

wh cv cy, h EU h y d jc h d d d v, hh

dc, v, d ch d dv. Pc c h c

h h, dccy d h w d hh h d y h

EU, ch h A-E Fd (ASEF) d h E I Dccy d H

Rh (EIDHR). 28 Nx chc d c c, h -- d h

hh h xch v xc.

Ov, -- w EU d ASEAN hv y vd

c d y c h h C A 1980. Nvh, c

d d c hv d xch d cd h d EU cc

, whch hv hd c v ASEAN d

y d c d v z.

26 h://c../d/wh//-c/dc/_0713_.d; cc 14

Mch 2009.

27 h://c../d/wh//-c/dc/_0710_.d; cc 14

Mch 2009.

28 ASEF , - z d S h w hd 1997 y h c-

h A-E M (ASEM). I dd d c

w h A d E hh c, c, d -- xch. EIDHR hc d h EU jc h dccy d h h d

whch xcvy vv - c.


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3.2 Encouraging Regional Integraon in its Near Abroad: The EUs Enlargement andNeighbourhood Policy

I q h xc w dd . Cqy, h

EU -- c h d d h d c . I y dw hd c c ,

y c, hv y -dw. Acc d hhd c hv y cd

c dy. Q h cy, h EU h

c d y y h h Md, h W

B, d h Sh Cc, h c c dy.

The African, Caribbean and Pacic States (ACP)

Th EU x wh dc d, hwv, c

dv c wh h Ac, C d Pcc C (ACP). I wh h v

dv c h Mch Ty 1992, dv c hd

hv hy h wd (c. R 2008: 183). Th

C A 2000 xcy h C h vd cv c

chv h jcv d whch h ACP S hv hv h cx

d - c d , cd - d -ACP c (A.

28). Fw h c d d z, h EU h cd h ACP

Ecc Ph A 29 h h y.

Wh h ACP hd dy d , h EU d

d h h FTA. Th cd whch

h EU h y w . I h d, hh,

y wh Sh dy.

The Barcelona Process/Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)

Th G Md Pcy 1972, hd dy z h w

h EU d Sh Md h. I cd c h w

cv c, chc d c , y d h h Md

F Td A (MEFTA) h hd vy E-Md FTA (EU-MEFTA). Th

Bc Pc, hd y h Bc Dc h E-Md Cc

1995, h -ch h EU-Md c d vdd wh ,

29 Ecc Ph A (EPA) h c h d h EU hd d h

ACP c d whch c wh h ccy d -dc h WTO. Th

ACP c hv c ccd EPA v hh h EU h cd h.


17/27


w.30 I dd h 31 whch h w E-Md Ph32 hd

c:

) Th c d cy h h c c, y d

cy,

) h cc d c h vd h w cc d c

c d d h h E-Md -d ,33 d

c) h h c, c d h wh h dv h

c d xch w c d cv c.

Th h cd w , zd h Ax h dc,

h d d h h M F A d vwd h

d y h E C h h E-Md Cc

(Bc dc 1995: 9). Th E-Md C h Bc Pc

ch h cd d y d hc hc c h v

, c d x d ddy d y xch xc

d wh v h cv cy (Bc dc 1995: 7). F h

h jcv, h EU h vdd c d chc c hh

Md Dv Ac (MEDA), whch w cd y h E Nhhd

Pcy I 2007, d hh h E Iv B.

D h d (-) , h EU h d h h

z. Th I-A cc h vd h c MdCc. N h h EU d c Md cd

/E-Md /c dccy, h h, d h

w. L , h EU h y d c d d c.

Hwv, h I-P cc d h d w Mcc d A v W-Sh

hv y h v c c c (c. Ad . 2006). A

Fc d h Sh E EU vv h Bc Pc, whch w

d h E Nhhd Pcy 2004 (c. Bz . 2008), hh h c

U h Md 2008 y .34 N y c d

z c d jc d h EU ( dd

d) d Md P ( I dcy). Th y Md

h wy h EU wd . Nx c c dy, h EU h cd

w y dv d wh ch h c (V H/

Sh hc).

30 F vvw h hy EU Md Pcy c. Gz 2003: 25-41.

31 Th y wh CSCE y ccdc. I cc h d ch

Cc Scy d C h Md 1990.

32 Nx h 27 EU , h E-Md Ph c A, Ey, I, Jd,

L, Mcc, h P Ahy, Sy d T). Ly h hd v c 1999.

33 Th h d c h EMP!

34 h://v.c/9/27045; cc 14 Mch 2009.


18/27


Hwv, h c h d h E-Md Ph

. [B] Md c d h d hv h

d vd vc y h cc h EU c

h Md. (Bcch 2006: 295) Th E-Md C, c

wh h C P Rv, c h. Ad h

h G Dc M F A, ccvd y h Bc Dc h,

vy h Pc C h EU C F d Scy Pcy (CFSP). Fy,

h c E-Md cc, whch d d wh h

h d h EU. Sch h d h

h h x jc y h EU d hh c d d c (c.

Bcch 2006).

Learning from the South: Integrang the Eastern Neighbours

A h d h Cd W, h EU cd h ch h cc d c

h c c h y d h. F h

vy , h EU d ch d ccd hc xy

d , whch y d h : h C d E

(CEE) E c (c h C E c Pd, Hy, h Czch

Rc d Sv, h Bc S, w R d B), h W B,35 d h

-Sv Nwy Idd S (NIS).

The Central and Eastern European Countries

Wh h EU y d d CEE c c 2004 (wh dy h y

h w Sh E d, R d B), h EU hd h c h

(-) . Ad dd, Hy, Pd, d Czchv jd c z h

E h Vd G 1991.36 Th h d, c h Czchv

1993, c hv cd v qy EU h h

dv cy, h cd dccy, d h h Nh

Ac Ty Oz (NATO). F h , hy d vy c h h h

c w h cc h EU whch hy hv d y d

h (c. A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 30-33). Thy hd C

E F Td A (CEFTA) 1993, whch w qy xdd h (cv EU

) . I wh h v ch h EU, h d z

C E c hd d c h y h EU. Icdy,

c hv v CEFTA wh j h EU.

35 Th B ( d Sh E E) hc c h c

A, x-Yv, B d R. Thh h cy h EU, h h

dvdd wh h W B h c whch hv dd h EU y (A,

B-Hzv, C, S, Mcd, M, d Kv).

36 h://www.vd./.h; cc 14 Mch 2009.


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Th h Bc S (E, Lv, d Lh) d c, whch

w vd y c cy cc whch h EU d NATO d

h c . Mh z, ch h Bc S S d h

Bc F Td A, hd 1994, dd y y EU cdy h h

c c wh EU . Wh h h h Bc S h

dvcd h c h C E c, hy hv qy d h

z h . F h, h wy -cc

. Oh h h, hy hv d h h wd cc vd

cy-y-cy (M 2004). Th ch h E c w

h cd y h E A d Acc Ph, whch vdd h

w cc h EU (c. Bz . 2008).

The Western Balkans

I h h cc E , h EU h hvy dw h d

z y h h h v c : h W

B. T dd h cc h h 1990, h EU y hd cd

h d cy c hh H Ad Oc (ECHO) .

I wh h W B cd y cy w. A h w B d

h h Kv cc 1998, h EU chd ch wd h W B.

I hd c c y h h dv c wd c z h

c h EU d. Mv, d dv w dd cy

dd h cc, c d cy h (c. Bz . 2008).

Wh dd y dv d hc cc, h B c hv ch

cv h h Md h EU. Thy hv c

v - h d h 1990, cd h Bc S Ecc C

(BSEC), h C E Iv (CEI), h C E F Td A (CEFTA), h Adc-

I Iv (AII) h D C (c. A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002). Y, h y

v d wh h h Sh E E C Pc (SEECP).37 Th

h hv dcd -dw, y h EU, whch d y

cd c. Th ch h EU d h h Dy d h P Pc Accd. Th dv d d h wh h EU

w h c d chc c, x d PHARE, w d

c d cc cd, cd h Ch c d c.

Cdy, hwv, c y cv wh w d h cv.38 Th

Sy Pc Sh-E E 199939 d cdd C, Mcd,

37 SEECP v d . I cv hv cd c d c-

y, cc, h, c d c c w jc d h (A/

Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 21).

38 Th, PHARE d jc h d .

39 B h Sy Pc, h EU hd d h Ry Pc Sy d Gd Nhhd

Sh E 1996. I d d w cv cy c. Bh EU c


20/27


A, h Fd Rc Yv (FRY), d B-Hzv hy wd h

Ch c.40 Y, wh h EU y c d

h hy w d c wh h h EU S d (E C

2002; qd A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 20). Sc cdy h cd

wh c jc (y c, cy d cv cy) d CARDS, h

c Ac, Rcc, Dv d Sz. F h d

2000-2006, h CARDS cd 230 ( 5 c h v

d).41 Fy, c d w zd h w dcz d

h h, cc cc d dv, d cy d jc d h (c.

F/Mhy 2000; Bchv 2006).

Th EU hv hd y h d d

d v , x d z d .42 Y,

h Sz d Acc Pc (SAP), d 1999, h wh dd h

c h Sy Pc. SAP w vd cc w h

W B h c. I h cdd hd d c

c d cc d dv ccy-d,43 hy cd

wh h EU Sy d Ac A (SAA) h wd cc

d qy h -cd E I Ph, whch w xcy dd

h Acc Ph h E c h d d-

x. Th SAA c c dvc h

cc c. B h SAP , whch c c h h

c h W B c.

The Eastern Neighbours

A h dw h Sv U, h EU chd d hc h Nwy

Idd S (NIS)44 c wh h c, cc d c ch hy

cd. Th Tchc Ac h Cwh Idd S (TACIS) vdd

c chc c w d c-d h

c wh h Sh E Cv Iv, h y v chd y h US.

I ccd xcvy cc c d cc, y hh v d (c.

A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 21).

40 C. Cc h G A d Ex R Cc (GAERC) 21/22 J 1999 h://www.

c../Dc/c_D/dc/d///09008.EN9.h; cc 15 Mch 2009.

41 h://./_//w_/18002_.h; cc 15 Mch

2009.

42 F chv : A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 25-29.

43 Th c d cc cd hd hd y h GAERC Cc A 1997. SAA x

wh A, C d Mcd. D h c , wh B d Hzvd wh S cy dd.

44 Th cd A, Azj, B, G, Kzh, Kyyz, Mdv, Tj, T,

U, Uz d R. M jd h TACIS 1993-2003.


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v c, h zd c d c.45 Bw 1994 d 1996, h

EU h z wh h NIS y Ph d C

A (PCA).

Oy wh h ch h E Nhhd Pcy (ENP) 2003, h EU d dv

ch. I h, ENP h vd h EU E h wh v

h vd c cv cc, c d c

(c. Bz . 2008).

I d h d cy, y d y, h EU c

. Th EU c h d - c

h cd c y, cc dv, d h dc vy d

c dv hd v (Wd E Sy P: 3).46 B wh ENP dv

-z-- ch, c h d hy . U h Md

Pcy, d vd y z h d. Th

h Md Ph h Nw ENP h h dd h

c ENP w cd h c v c, ch h E-

Md Ph (EMP) Nh Ac (Mh) d h N E (Mhq) d h

(d) Nhhd Pcy h Nwy Idd S h W h Sv

U (WNIS) d h Sh Cc.

Th y EU v w c h h c h Bc S Syy

2007.47 Th Bc S Syy h dd h Bc Pc. I h c

w EU (Gc, B, d R), (Ty), E

Nhhd C (Mdv, U, G, A, Azj) d R v

h cv h cq c. Th EU w h w Iv hh c-

c d E Nhhd Pcy I.

I whh h EU c v E Ph w

cc dv d h E ENP.48 I h vd A, Azj,

G, B, Mdv d U wh zd dc v ,

d d d c h wh h EU, wh vd h cv c

h. Sc h ddd v ENP c, h y h Nh

d CEE h ch h U h Md.

T , h c, whch h EU h h dc , hv dd

h EU y wy cy dv c wh

h EU (A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002). Th c C d E E d h

45 S c-d jc y cd y h INTERREG (Cy dd h

h c h d h EU) d PHARE .

46 h://c../wd//d/c03_104_.d; cc 15 Mch 2009.

47 h://c../x_/c/dx_.h; cc 15 Mch 2009.

48 h://./d/RAc.d?c=MEMO/08/762&=HTML&d=0&=

EN&L=; cc 15 Mch 2009.


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W B cd h Sh d E E Nh xd y h

EU c cdy h hd, d cd cc cv, h h. Bh

h Md d E Ph, wh h EU h d c d d

c c .

4. Nw R - T EU A Gb Gvc?

[I]n the years ahead these inter-regional dialogues will steadily

shape the nature of internaonal polics and forge new mechanisms

to global interdependence and tackle cross-border problems.

(Jv S; qd F 2007: 249.)

Th cy EU cy jcv h dcy

w dy (Sh 2003: 95) whch dc [] dvc w

(Bh/V 2006: 249). I cd h EU cc cv

w h d w d dccy, c w d hh

h d c d (Bz/R hc). R

h wy c d c cc, h cc wh cy d

c d y. Th c d y x h EU w

hhy h d c wh h c w

y d wh (E C 2001; qd A/Bjcc-Dzvc 2002: 16). Th

EU jc x v (Lvx 2004, 2008; Bcch 2006). I d

h wy. Th, y dvc d y

d z d h WTO. I cc w d whch

h c (Kz 2005). Th EU h ch

vc c wh h US wh h-d- d -dv c

d d v h h c d c d -d (G

2004; F 2007). T h x h h US c , cy v

d h h chv ch.

Whh h EU y h h (H 2005: 558)

whch cc wd d zd (), hzd, d c d y d , d ch h hh

d h (H 2005: 563) h q. Th jx

Px E d dv d wd d d Px Ac hc jc

whch y v h xz h h US cy w. T h

x h ch cc h jx, hy y y h EU w dy cc

c v. Ad hy c h dchy d v. , h h US

(d ) , wh h EU x (d ) v. Id, Px E d

Px Ac h hc jc w v w. Th w c

, d d c d y h US d h h, dvcd y h

EU, v , whch d c d h vy


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. Bh c h dvc wh, h ,

v d d.

U h US, hwv, h EU h dvd q hcd x h ycy

d c, y y c d d c. I whh h

w O Ad w v wh h EU h A Nw Ac

h Ac cy dc cd d h h

vv cy ch y dvc dccy, cy, d y

h -.49 (Th h M ch V).

49 h://www..c//w?d=20601086&d=1Ld_GqY&=_c; cc

15 Mch 2009.


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T K-Fcpp - Ec Acc Exc

Iv Rc

Th K-Fch (KFG) w d -

chd y h G Rch Fd 2008. I c-

c h KFG vd ccy v

whch vv ch c c d wh y dc dd wh d j ch.

Th K-Fch Th Tv Pw E

h ch E h B-Bd-

d z h c wh h v-

d ch . I x h h EU -

d c d, yz h ch d c

d x d c h ch :

Idy d h Pc Sh

Cc, Cdy d Byd

Cv R d E Ex R

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