Differences Between Differences Between North and SouthNorth and South

Factories Come to New Factories Come to New EnglandEngland

•New England good place to set New England good place to set up successful factories because:up successful factories because:–1. fast-moving rivers1. fast-moving rivers–2. ships and access to the 2. ships and access to the

oceanocean–3. willing labor force3. willing labor force

A New Way to A New Way to ManufactureManufacture

•U.S. government hires Eli U.S. government hires Eli Whitney to make 10,000 Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for army muskets for army

•Guns are made one at a time Guns are made one at a time by gunsmiths, Whitney by gunsmiths, Whitney changes this methodchanges this method

A New Way to A New Way to ManufactureManufacture

•Uses interchangeable parts, Uses interchangeable parts, parts exactly alike, to make parts exactly alike, to make guns (1801)guns (1801)

•Speeds up production, makes Speeds up production, makes repairs easy, uses less-skilled repairs easy, uses less-skilled workersworkers

Plantations and Slavery Plantations and Slavery SpreadSpread

•The invention of the cotton The invention of the cotton gin and the demand for gin and the demand for cotton cause slavery to cotton cause slavery to spread in the South.spread in the South.

•Cotton is King

The Cotton BoomThe Cotton Boom

•Eli Whitney invents cotton gin—Eli Whitney invents cotton gin—machine that cleans cotton (1793) machine that cleans cotton (1793)

•Makes cotton cleaning more Makes cotton cleaning more efficient, changes Southern life: efficient, changes Southern life: one person could clean 1 pound of one person could clean 1 pound of cotton a day by hand; the cotton cotton a day by hand; the cotton gin could clean 50 pounds of cotton gin could clean 50 pounds of cotton a day.a day.

The Cotton BoomThe Cotton Boom•Cotton plantations spread west, Cotton plantations spread west,

triggers a move westwardtriggers a move westward

•Planters grow more cotton than Planters grow more cotton than other goods, cotton exports other goods, cotton exports increase increase

•Native Americans driven off land Native Americans driven off land taken over for cotton plantationstaken over for cotton plantations

•Slaves from the east are sold to Slaves from the east are sold to work on new cotton plantationswork on new cotton plantations

Slavery ExpandsSlavery Expands

•From 1790 to 1860, cotton From 1790 to 1860, cotton production increases greatlyproduction increases greatly

•As cotton earnings rise so does As cotton earnings rise so does price of slaves price of slaves

•Expansion of slavery has major Expansion of slavery has major impact on South’s economy, impact on South’s economy, peoplepeople

•Spread of Cotton

• Southern CultureSouthern Culture

Slavery Divides the Slavery Divides the SouthSouth

•Slavery divides white Slavery divides white Southerners into:Southerners into:– those who have slavesthose who have slaves– those who do notthose who do not

•One-tenth of white families have One-tenth of white families have plantations with 20 or more plantations with 20 or more slaves slaves

Slavery Divides the Slavery Divides the SouthSouth

•Most white Southern farmers Most white Southern farmers have few or no slaves, but have few or no slaves, but support slaverysupport slavery

•Slavery has become Slavery has become necessary to increase profitsnecessary to increase profits

• Conditions of SlavesConditions of Slaves

African-Americans in the African-Americans in the SouthSouth

•Slavery divides African-American Slavery divides African-American Southerners into:Southerners into:– those who are enslavedthose who are enslaved– those who are freethose who are free

•Enslaved African-Americans are Enslaved African-Americans are one-third of South’s population one-third of South’s population (1840)(1840)

African-Americans in the African-Americans in the SouthSouth

•Most work on plantations, Most work on plantations, while some work as domestic while some work as domestic servants or craftsmenservants or craftsmen

•8 percent of African-8 percent of African-Americans in South are free Americans in South are free (1840)(1840)

Slave RebellionsSlave Rebellions

•Nat Turner leads famous slave Nat Turner leads famous slave rebellion, in Virginia (1831) rebellion, in Virginia (1831)

•Turner and his followers kill 55 Turner and his followers kill 55 white peoplewhite people

•Turner’s men are captured and Turner’s men are captured and 16 are killed. Turner is caught, 16 are killed. Turner is caught, tried, and hangedtried, and hanged

Slave RebellionsSlave Rebellions

•Rebellion spreads fear in Rebellion spreads fear in SouthSouth

•Pass harsh laws to control Pass harsh laws to control enslaved and free African-enslaved and free African-Americans Americans

Sectional Tensions Sectional Tensions IncreaseIncrease•Sectionalism—loyalty to section Sectionalism—loyalty to section

of a country rather than to the of a country rather than to the nationnation

•South relies on cotton and slaves; South relies on cotton and slaves; northeast on manufacturing and northeast on manufacturing and tradetrade

•In the West, settlers want cheap In the West, settlers want cheap land and good transportationland and good transportation

Sectional Tensions Sectional Tensions IncreaseIncrease

•Interests in these sections Interests in these sections often conflictoften conflict

•Missouri applies for statehood Missouri applies for statehood (1817), people in the state (1817), people in the state want slaverywant slavery

Sectional Tensions Sectional Tensions IncreaseIncrease

•U.S. has 11 slave states, 11 U.S. has 11 slave states, 11 free statesfree states

•Adding Missouri as slave Adding Missouri as slave state would upset balance of state would upset balance of powerpower

• Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise

The Missouri The Missouri CompromiseCompromise

•Nation argues over admitting Nation argues over admitting Missouri as slave state or free Missouri as slave state or free statestate

•Henry Clay suggests the Henry Clay suggests the Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri Compromise (1820): –1. admits Missouri as slave 1. admits Missouri as slave

statestate

The Missouri The Missouri CompromiseCompromise

•2. admits Maine as free state2. admits Maine as free state

•3. bans slavery in Louisiana 3. bans slavery in Louisiana Territory north of parallel 36º Territory north of parallel 36º 30’30’

•4. keeps balance of power 4. keeps balance of power between slave states and free between slave states and free statesstates