DIET

• Write the term in the center of your paper. Around the term, write 10-15 words or

phrases that come to mind when you hear the word diet.

DIET

The Ideal Body Image

• Media promotion

• Social acceptance

• Influence and stress on young individuals

Food: More Than Just Nutrients

• Linked to personal emotions• Comfort• Reward

Fad Diets

• A weight loss diet that becomes very popular (often quickly) and then may fall out of favor (sometimes just as quickly).

• Just because it is called a “fad diet” doesn’t mean it will work; sometimes also doesn’t mean it will fail.

• You have to do your research!!

Risky Weight Loss Strategies

Miracle patch lets you lose

weight without dieting!

One pill helps you burn fat and lose pounds!!

Risky Weight Loss Strategies

• Fail to produce long term results• Causes of serious health problems• Fad Diets: Weight loss plans that are popular

for only a short time.

CostlyNO

CARB

Special K Challenge

Liquid Diets Replaces all of his/her food intake with a

special liquid formula. Generally do not meet the body’s energy

needs. Can leave body fatigued and even lead to

death after a period of time.

Fasting• Fasting is to abstain from EATING!• Fasting for more than short periods of time

deprives your body of needed nutrients.• Without a fresh supply of nutrients each day,

your body begins breaking down proteins stored in muscle tissue.

Some statistics• Eating disorders have

increased 3x the original rate in the last 50 years• 10% of the population is afflicted with an eating

disorder• 90% of the cases are young women and adolescent girls• Up to 21% of college women show minor symptoms of developing an eating disorder• 61% of college women show some sort of eating pathology

Three Types of Eating Disorders• Anorexia nervosa- characterized by a pursuit of

thinness that leads to self-starvation• Bulimia nervosa- characterized by a cycle of bingeing

followed by extreme behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as purging.

• Binge-eating disorder- characterized by regular bingeing, but do not engage in purging behaviors.

Risks of Eating Disorders

• Sometimes a person’s concerns about weight and body image can get out of control.

• Becoming obsessed with being thin is an eating disorder.

• Eating Disorder: An extreme, harmful eating behavior that can cause serious illness or even death.

• 90% of those with Eating disorders are female.• About 4% of that ranges in ages 16-18 years old.

Anorexia

Risk of Death:

The Deadliest of all Psychological Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa• A disorder in which the irrational fear of

becoming obese results in severe weight loss from self-imposed starvation.

• This is a psychological disorder with emotional and physical consequences.

• Most often develops in teenage girls and young women.

Anorexia Nervosa• Symtoms are – EXTREMELY low calorie intake – obsession with exercising– emotional problems– unnatural interest in food– distorted body image– denial of an eating disorder.

Bulimia NervosaAn illness characterized by repeated episodes of binge

eating followed by inappropriate compensatory methods – Purging, including self-induced vomiting or misuse of

laxatives, diuretics, or enemas

– Non-purging including fasting or engaging in excessive exercise

Physical Signs of Bulimia

• Calluses or scars on the knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down the throat to induce vomiting.

• Puffy “chipmunk” cheeks caused by repeated vomiting. • Discolored teeth from exposure to stomach acid when

throwing up. May look yellow, ragged, or clear. • Not underweight – Men and women with bulimia are

usually normal weight or slightly overweight. Being underweight while purging might indicate a purging type of anorexia.

• Frequent fluctuations in weight – Weight may fluctuate by 10 pounds or more due to alternating episodes of bingeing and purging.

Bulimia Nervosa Prevalence

• 5% of college women • 20% of college women exhibit symptoms

(Sx)• 50% of those with anorexia nervosa

develop bulimia nervosa• Gorging and purging/vomiting• Susceptible populations—athletes, actors,

dancers, wrestlers, runners

Profile of Bulimia• Young (usually female) adults (college students)• May be predisposed to becoming overweight• Usually at or slightly above normal weight • Tried frequent weight-reduction diets as a teen• Impulsive• Often goes undiagnosed

Profile of Bulimia Nervosa• Other psychological disorders, including major

depression, dysthymia, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse

• Low self esteem• Guilt• Preoccupied with food• Recognize behavior is abnormal

Two subtypes

• purging type – self-induced vomiting and laxatives as a way to

get rid of the extra calories they have taken in

• non-purging type – use a period of fasting and excessive exercise to

make up for the binge

Binge Definition• Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g.,

within any 2-hour period) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat under similar circumstances

• A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

Binge• Relieves stress• Common binge foods:– High carbohydrate, high fat– Convenience foods– Cakes, cookies, ice cream– Soft, easier to purge

• High food bills

Purge

• Laxatives, enemas– Act on large intestine– 90% of calories are absorbed in small

intestine– Damages large intestine → constipation

Vomiting

• Most commonly used compensatory behavior (80%-90% of BN)

• 33-75% of calories still absorbed• Fingers down throat – Damaged knuckles

• Syrup of Ipecac– Toxic to heart, liver, kidneys– Poison if taken repeatedly

Vomiting

• Teeth– Stomach acid erodes enamel–Pain, decay

Diuretics

• Water loss• Electrolyte loss• NO fat loss!

Hypergymnasia: Excessive Exercise

• Compulsive exercise: that which significantly interferes with life activities

• Occurs at inappropriate times or in inappropriate settings

• Continues despite injury or other medical complications

All That You Have to Replace• Electrolytes - minerals in your blood and

other body fluids that carry an electric charge.

• You lose electrolytes when you sweat. You must replace them by drinking fluids.– Common electrolytes include:– Calcium– Chloride– Magnesium– Phosphorous– Potassium– Sodium

All That You Have to Replace

• Rehydration - the restoration of water or fluid content to a patient or to a substance that has become dehydrated

Historical Beauty Ideals

The Celebrity Thin Ideal

The Thin-Ideal

• The avg. model weighs 23% less than the avg. American woman

• Longitudinal study from 1979-1988 showed that 69% of playboy models and 60% of Miss America contestants met weight criteria for anorexia

• Women’s bodies in the media have become increasingly thinner