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8/12/2019 Diet and Periodontal Diseases
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DIET AND PERIODONTAL DISEASES
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES &
CONDITIONS
DIET DEFICIENCIES WHICH WILL CAUSE
PERIODONTAL DISEASES
OTHER CAUSES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES
DIET ADVICE FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASES
FOODS AVOID IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES
OTHER TIPS TO PREVENT PERIODONTAL
DISEASES CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Periodontal disease is a serious and prevalentcondition, affecting roughly 80 percent of adults.
Periodontitis :- it is an inflammatory disease ofthe teeth caused by specific microorganism,
resulting in progressive destruction of the PDL
and alveolar bone with pocket formation,
recession, or both.
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CLASSIFICATION OF
PERIODONTAL DISEASES & CONDITION
Periodontal disease can range from a mild form of gingivitis to
aggressive periodontitis. Classiffication of periodontal diseases & condition:-
1.GINGIVAL DISEASES:
Plaque-induced gingival diseases
Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases
2. CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
localized
generalized
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3. AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
localized
generalized
PERIODONTITIS AS A MANIFES
TATION OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES:-
1.NECROTIZING PERIODONTAL DISEASES:-
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis(NUG)
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis(NUP)
2.ABSCESSES OF THE PERIODONTIUM:-
gingival abscess
periodontal abscess
pericoronal abscess
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3.PERIODONTITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDODONTIC
LESIONS:-
endodontic-periodontal lesion
periodontal-endodontic lesion
combined lesion
4.DEVELOPMENTAL OR ACQUIRED DEFORMITIES &
CONDITIONS:-
localized tooth-related factors that predispose to
plaque-induced gingival diseases or periodontitis
mucogingival deformities & condition around teeth
mucogingival deformities & condition on edentulous
ridges
occlusal trauma
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1. GINGIVITIS:- It is a mild form of periodontaldisease. Signs of gingivitis are inflammation of the
gums which makes them become swollen or red. Thegums become tender, bleeding easily when brushing
or flossing teeth. Gingivitis is usually not painful.
2. PERIODONTITIS:-.This occurs when plaque
builds up below the gum line. Tissue of the gum and
teeth are broken down and destroyed. Than pockets are
formed and become infected, If left untreated, causeteeth to become loose and eventually to have to be
pulled.
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3. AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS:-
- Seen in otherwise clinically healthy patient.
- Rapid attachment loss & bone destruction.
- Familial aggregation of diseased individuals.
LOCALIZED FORM:- Circumpubertal onset of disease
- Localized 1stmolar or incisor disease with proximal
attachment loss on at least 2 permanent teeth, one ofwhich is a 1stmolar.
GENERALIZED FORM:-Affecting the persons under 30
years of age.
- Generalized proximal attachment loss affecting at least
3 teeth other than 1stmolars & incisor.
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4. CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS:- begin in adolescents
and slowly progresses Problems may not arise until a
person reaches their early 30's. Problems with red,
inflamed gums begin as well as bone loss and
destruction consistent with local factors.
subgingival calculus frequently found.
slow to moderate rate of progression with possible
periods of rapid progression.
LOCALIZED FORM:- < 30% sites involved.
GENERALIZED FORM:- >30% sites involved.
slight1-2 mm of attachment loss
moderate - 3-4 mm of attachment loss
severe > 5 mm of attachment loss
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5. PERIODONTITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF
SYSTEMIC DISEASES:-
1. Haematologic disorder:-a)acquired neutropeniab)Leukemia
c) others
2. Genetic disorder:-a) Down syndrome
b)familial & cyclic neutropenia
c)Chediak-higashi syndromed)Glycogen storage disease etc.
3. Not otherwise specified
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DIET DEFICIENCIES WHICH WILL CAUSE
PERIODONTAL DISEASES
1. CALCIUM:- Low levels of dietary calcium causes
periodontal disease to progress more rapidly and
severely because calcium strengthen bone mass
beneath the gum line & minimizing bone decay from
bacteria.
2. DAIRY:- Deficiencies of dairy products---particularly
yogurt and kefir---on a regular basis will predisposes
periodotal diseases. Because the lactic acid in these
foods kills harmful bacteria in the mouth, leading toless microbial activity in the "periodontal pockets" that
form between teeth and gum tissue.
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3. WHOLE GRAINS:-Deficiency of whole grains
Increase the risk of periodontitis & inflammationthroughout the body, including in the mouth and gums
b/c have anti-inflammatory properties.
4. VITAMIN C:- Deficiency Of Vitamin C causes
periodontal pockets that harbour harmful bacteria.
- protects against periodontal diseases by aiding in the
repair of the body's connective tissues, have anti-inflammatory properties alleviate symptoms in people
with periodontal disease.
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OTHER CAUSES:-
SYSTEMIC DISEASE :- caused by systemic disease
is usually found in children & who have other health
conditions, such as diabetes, heart diseases, blood
diseases or autoimmune diseases.
TOBACCO:- Smokers and people who chew tobacco
are four times as likely to develop serious cases of
periodontal disease than non-smokers.
GENETICS:- Up to 30% of the population may be
genetically susceptible to gum disease despiteaggressive oral health care habits.
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PUBERTY:- During puberty, there is an increase of blood
circulation in the gums. This causes a heightened sensitivity
to any type of gum irritation. Such irritations may lead toinfections, and thus result in periodontal disease .
PREGNANCY:- gingivitis that may occur in some women
between their second and third months of pregnancy, andincrease in severity until around the eighth month, unusual
redness and swelling in their gums occur.
STRESS:-During stress Cortisol hormone is released itleads to break down the overall good health of the gums,
which can lead to periodontal disease. It also suppress the
immune system, which promotes bacterial growth.
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MEDICATIONSNearly 20 drugs have been shownto cause gingival overgrowth. Most commonly these are
Phenytion, cyclosporine and a short-acting form of the
calcium channel blocker nifedipine.
VIRAL INFECTIONSCertain herpes viruses are
known causes of gingivitis, such as herpes simplex and
varicella-zoster virus. Others, such as cytomegalovirusand Epstein-Barr, may also be contributing factors in the
onset or progression of periodontal disease.
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DIETARYADVICEFOR
PERIODONTALDISEASES
High-fibre diet, such as whole grains,
vegetables, beans and pulses,
fruit, Eat whole foods
(as opposed to soft, refined foods).
Nutrients particularly vitamin C, like grapefruit, oranges,.
bioflavonoid, vitamin A, vitamin E, and a range of Bvitamins, Co-enzyme Q10, natural sodium fromvegetables such as celery (not table salt), potassium,calcium, selenium, zinc, phosphorus, iron and
magnesium.
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Increase your omega-3 essential fatty acids by selecting
high-quality wild-caught salmon, minimal-mercuryalbacore tuna, fish oil, avocados, and Sproutd-walnuts.
Eat raw, organic vegetables, & dairy products it can
eliminate bad breath.
Drink purified water
throughout the day.
FOODS AVOID IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES
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All simple or refined carbohydrates (white rice, white
bread, pasta, cookies, cakes, crackers, processed snack
foods, etc.)
All foods containing refined sugar or artificial
sugar-substitutes such as
aspartame.
Sweetened fruit juices,
candySugary foods &
Carbonated soft drinks.
Bottom crawlers, such as oysters,
clams, and lobster that may contain
toxic levels of mercury.
FOODS AVOID IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES
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Deep-sea fish such as tuna, mackerel, and swordfish
that may contain toxic levels of mercury.
Choose minimal-mercury albacore-tuna instead.
Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils found in
many processed foods, deep-fried foods, fast foods, andjunk food.
Excessive caffeine intake, Alcoholic beverages, &
tobacco products.
OTHER TIPS TO PREVENT
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OTHERTIPSTOPREVENT
PERIODONTALDISEASES
Brush your teeth twice a day.
Dont over-brush and use a soft-bristletoothbrush to avoid injuring gums.
Floss everyday.
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Visit the dentist routinely for a check-up and professional
cleaning.
Eat a well-balanced diet.
Exercise. Regular exercise improves general health,
promotes healthy immune, cardiovascular, and digestive
functioning, and is a potent tool for reducing
inflammation.
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CONCLUSION
Higher intake of high-fibre diet, especially fruits, on
slowing periodontal disease progression are most
evident in men aged 65 and older.
smoking, alcohol beverages, and caffeine products
should stop because they predispose the disease.
Routine dental check-up will be beneficial for reducing
the disease to progression.
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REFERENCES
Carranzas. Textbook of clinical periodontology
(10thedition).
Website of ehow.com>family health.
Website of naturopathconnect periodontal-disease-
dietary.
Website of gum-disease-prevention.
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