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8/3/2019 Dien Tu Cong Suat - Doan Quang Vinh
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IN T CNG SUT
Ti liu tham kho in t cng sut L Vn Doanh Gio trnh in t cng sut Nguyn Vn Nh
in t cng sut Nguyn Bnh
0903 586 586
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CH
NG 1MU CC LINH KIN IN T CNG SUT
1.1 Khi nim chung
in t Cng sut ln
Cc linh kin in t cng sut c s dngtrong cc mch ng lc cng sut ln
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S khc nhau gia cc linh kin in t ng dng
(in tiu khin) v in t cng sut
Cng sut: nh ln Chc nng: iu khin ng ct dng in cng sut ln
IB
IC
Thi im Cng sut
ng lciu khinCc linh kin in tcng sut ch lmchc nng ng ctdng in cc van
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Transistoriu khin: Khuych i
Transistor cng sut: ng ct dng in
B
IC
U
R
ab
A
A
UCE = U - RIC
UCE = UCE1
UCE1U
IB2 > IB1
IB1 > 0
IB = 0
UBE < 0 UCE
IB2IB
R
U
uCE
CiB
B
uBE
EiE
iC
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c tnh Volt Ampe ca van cng sut l tng
i
u
iu khin
u
i
ac
b
d
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i tng nghin cu ca in t cng sut
Cc b bin i cng sut Cc b kha in t cng sut ln
Chnh lu
Nghch lu
BBin pmt chiu(BXA)
BBin pxoay chiu (BAX) Bin tn
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1. 2. Cc linh kin in t cng sut1.2.1 Cht bn dn - Lp tip gip P - NCht bn dn:
nhit bnh thng c dn in nm gia cht dn in v cht cch in
Loi P: phn t mang in l l trng mang in tch dng
Loi N: phn t mang in l cc electron mang in tch m
+
++
+
+
+++
-- -+
-- -
-- -
Min bo ha- Cch in
P N
+
++
+
+
+++
+
+
+
--- -+
--- -
--- -
P N
J
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Phn cc ngc
+
++
+
+
+++
-- -+
-- -
-- -
Min bo ha- Cch in
P N
+-
+
+
+
-
--
Min bo ha - Cch in
P N
+-
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Phn cc thun
+
++
+
+
+++
-- -+
-- -
-- -
Min bo ha- Cch in
P N
-+
-+
i
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1.2.2 Diode
Cu to, hot ng
R: reverse ngcF: forward thun
NPKatode
KA
Anode
iR
uR
iF
uF
KA
Hng ngc
Hng thun
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c tnh V A
Diode l tng
u
iNhnh thun m
Nhnh ngc ng
Diode thc t
UTO: in p ri trn diode
in tr thun trong diodeF
FF
dI
dUr =
in tr ngc trong diode
R
R
R
dUr
dI=
UBR: in p nh thng
Hai trng thi: m ng
U[BR]
IR [mA]
UF [V]UR [V]
1 1,5800 400 0
50
100
30
20
URRM
Tj
= 30 Co
oTj
= 160 C
IF [A]
URSM
Nhnh thun m
Nhnh ngc ng
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c tnh ng ca diode
UK: in p chuyn mch trr: Thi gian phc hi kh nng ng irr: Dng in chuyn mch phc hi
=rrt
rrr dtiQ0
: in tch chuyn mch
Qu p trong
L
+
UK
-
S
I
iF
irr
iR
iF
ngS
trr 0,1 irrM
irrM
iR
iF=I
tO
irr Qr
t
uR
uF
Uk
uRM
uR = UkO
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Bo v chng qu p trong
R C
LuR
V
Uk
irr
iL
iRC
- +
V
O t
irr iRC
O
Uk
t
M ng
L
R k
di
u U L dt= RCrrL iii +=
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Cc thng s chnh ca diode
in p:
Gi tr in p nh thng UBR Gi tr cc i in p ngc lp li:URRM Gi tr cc i in p ngc khng lpli: URSM
Dng in - nhit lm vic
Gi tr trung bnh cc i dng inthun: IF(AV)M
Gi tr cc i dng in thun khnglp li: IFSM
U[BR]
I
R
[mA]
UF [V]UR [V]
1 1,5800 400 0
50
100
30
20
URRM
Tj
= 30 Co
oTj
= 160 C
IF [A]
URSM
Nhnh thun m
Nhnh ngc ng
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Diode thc t: IDB30E60 Infineon Technologies
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1.2.3 Transistor lng cc (BT)
Cu to, hot ng
R
U
uCE
CiB
B
uBE
EiE
iC
R
U
uEC
CiB
B
uEB
EiE
iC
N
N
PB
C
E
P
P
NB
C
E
(Bipolar Transistor)
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c tnh Volt Ampe
Min m bo ha
Min ng bo ha
M
ng
c tnh ngoi IC = f(UCE)
c tnh iu khin IC = f(IB)
B
IC
UR
ab
AA
UCE = U - RIC
UCE = UCE1
UCE1U
IB2 > IB1
IB1 > 0
IB = 0
UBE < 0 UCEIB2
IB
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ICE
ICE0ICERICES
ICEU
UCE0 UCE
UBR(CEU)
UBR(CES)
UBR(CER)
UBR(CE0)IB = 0
UCER
UCES
UCEU
RB
-IB UBE
+
-
RB
-IB UBE
+
-+
- ICEU
b) c)
a)
O
0 H mch B E (IB = 0) R Mch B E theo hnh b) S Ngn mch B E (RB 0) U Mch B E theo hnh c)
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Qu trnh qu ca transistor
iB
IB
0.9IB
O t
0.1IB
0.1IC
uCE
td tr
iCts
tofftonO
tf
0.9IC IC0.1IC
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Mch tr gip ng m
(in t cng sut Nguyn Bnh)
Cc thng s chnh
in p:
Gi tr cc i in pcolector emitor UCE0M khi
IB = 0
Gi tr cc i in pemitor baz UEB0M khi IC
= 0
Dng in: Gi tr cc ica cc dng in IC, IB, IE
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Transistor thc t - MJW3281A (NPN) ON Semiconductor
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1.2.4 Transistor trng MOSFET
(Metal Oxid Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)
N iD
D
OXID
GS
uGS
P
N
G
D iD
uDS
SuGS
N
D
OXIDGS
P
N
G
D
S
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c tnh ng
RGon
UG
offCGS uGS
G
CGD D
iD
CDS
R
uDS U
+
-+
-
S
GS
UGS(th)0.1UG
UG
0.9UG
t
0.9U
U
tr
td(on)
ton
td(off)
uDSiD
tf
toff
0.9U
0.1U
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MOSFET thc t - 19MT050XF International Rectifier
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1.2.5 Transistor lng cc cng cch ly - IGBT
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
C
G
E
G
C
E
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c tnh ng
Gon
UG
RG
iC
C
E
uCEuGE
off
R
U
uGE
0.1UCM
UGE(th)
UG0.9UG
tuCE
0.1ICM
U
td(on)
tr
ton
td(off)
tf
toff
ICT
iC
ICM
0.1ICM
0.9ICM
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IGBT thc t1MB-30-060 Fuji Electric
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1.2.6 Thyristor
Cu to Hot ng
A
iG
i2
i1i
G
K
uAK
u
R
A
K
G PP
P
N
NN
J3J2
J1
A
K
G
N
P
N
P
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iu kin m Thyristor
UAK > 0
Xung iu khin a vo cc iu khin.
iu kin ng Thyristor
t in p ngc ln A K
uD
iD
iG
iR
uR
uT
iT
uG
A K
Hng ngc
Hng thun
Trng thi: M ng Kha
T: Thun D: Kha
R: Ngc
K hiu
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c tnh Volt - Ampe
Thyristor l tng
u
i Nhnh thun m
Nhnh ngc
ngThyristor thc t
Ba trng thi: ng m kha
Nhnh kha
kha
UBR: in p ngc nh thngUBO: in p t m ca thyristorUTO: in p ri trn Thyristor
IH: Dng duy tr (holding)
IL: Latching
Cc thng s chnh
Tng t nh diode.URRM = UDRM
Nhnh thun m
Nhnh kha
kha
Nhnh ngc ng
IG = 25 mA
IG = 0
IG = 0
IG = 25 mA
IN
IL
U[TD]
U[BR]
U[BR]
[V]UR
[V]UDUT
IR-110
-210
-310
[A]
[A]
ID
IT10
102
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
110101023
32
1010101
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c tnh iu khin ca thyristor:
iG
U
R
uG
UG[V]
40
30
20
UGT
OIGT
1 IG[A] 2
(PGM)=/6
UG=U-RIG
(PGM)=/12
-400C
iG
2
IG
t
iG
t0
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c tnh ng
M thyristor
Tn thtcng sut khi mthyristor
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Kha thyristor
G
A
J1
J2
J3
P
N
P
N
iC
+
K
-
iC
C
uD
uD
tO
tO
iC
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ng thyristor
Bo v qu p trong Thi gian ng thyristor Gc an ton
toff
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Thyristor thc t - 22RIA SERIES International Rectifier
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1.2.7 GTOGate Turn Off Thyristor
J1
J2J3
G
iRG K
A
P
N
PN
uRG
uFGiRG
iFG
ir(iD)
ur(uD)
A
K
G
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c tnh ng
M GTO
uD
tgd
tgr
UD 0.9UD
ir
0.1UD
t
O
O
tgt
iFG
IFG10
0.2IFG
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ng GTO
I
iD
iT
L
uD
iRG
uRG
iT
tgstgf uD
ITQ
0.9IT
UDP
IT=I
O t
tgq ttq
O
uRG iRG
iRG
QGQ
uRG
IRG
Mch tr gip
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GTO thc t - FG3000FX-90DA Misubishi Electric
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1.2.8 Triac
Hng ngc
Hng thun
in p thunin p kha
Dng in thunDng in kha
Dng in thun
Dng in kha
in p thun in p kha
Dng in v in pcc iu khin
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Nhnh m
Nhnh kha
Nhnh kha
Nhnh m
UD > 0
UG > 0; IG > 0
UG < 0; IG < 0
UDR > 0
UG > 0; IG > 0
UG < 0; IG < 0
c tnh Volt - Ampe
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Triac thc t - 2N6344 - ON Semiconductor
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CHNG 2: MT S KHI NIM C BNTRONG IN T CNG SUT
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2.1 Nng lng tch ly vo cun khng
v gii phng t cun khng
[ ]
1
0
1 1
0 0
0 1
( ) ( )
0 1 1 0 1 0
( ) ( )
( , );
( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )L L
L L
t
L L
L L L
t
t i t
L L L L L L L
t i t
d diu dt Q t t u Ldt dt
Q t t d L di t t L i t i t
= = =
= = = =
t0
t0
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2.2 Nhp v s chuyn mch
Nhp l khong thi gian gia hai ln lin tip thay i trng thi calinh kin in t cng sut trong mch. Tn ca nhp l tn ca linhkin ang dn in.
Chuyn mch l trng thi in t xy ratrong mch b bin i, c c trngbng vic dng in trong mt nhnhchuyn sang mt nhnh khc trong khi
dng in tng chy ra t nt gia hainhnh vn khng i.
Nhnh chnh Nhnh phLinh kin TCS chnh Linh kin TCS ph
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Nhnh chnhNhnh chnh
Nhnh chnh
Nhnh ph in p chuyn mch Chuyn mch ngoi Chuyn mch t nhin Chuyn mch trong Chuyn mch trc tip Chuyn mch gin tip
Chuyn mch nhiu tng Thi gian chuyn mch Gc chuyn mch Chuyn mch tc thi
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2.3 Cc ng c tnh
c tnh ngoi (c tnh ti): Mi quan h gia in p u ra vdng in u ra ca b bin i
c tnh iu khin: Mi quan h gia in p u ra v i lng
iu khin ca b bin i
2.4 H s cng sut ca b bin i
SP=
P: Cng sut hu cngS: Cng sut biu kin
H s cng sut PF (Power Factor)
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P = mUI(1)
cos(1)
m: s phaU: Gi tr hiu dng in p iu ha ca phaI(1): Gi tr hiu dng ca thnh phn bc 1 dng in pha
(1): Gc chm pha ca thnh phn bc 1 dng in pha so vi in p
S = mUI
I: Gi tr hiu dng dng in pha
=
=1
2
)(
2
n
nII
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) (1) ( )
1 2
n n
n n
S m U I m U I m U I
= =
= = +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)cos sinS m U I m U I m U I P Q = = + = +
mUI(1): Cng sut biu kin ca thnh phn bc 1Q(1): Cng sut phn khng ca thnh phn bc 1
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2 2 2 2
(1)
2
( )
2
n
n
S P Q D
D mU I
=
= + +
=
D: Cng sut phn khng bin dng
(1)2 2 2
(1)
(1)
cosP
P Q DI
I
= =
+ +
=
mo dng tng THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)
H s mo dng DF (Distortion Factor)
H s cng sut PF (Power Factor)
2( )
2
(1)
n
n
I
I
THDI
==
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CHNG 3: THIT B CHNH LU
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Chc nng:
Bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu
ng dng
Cp ngun cho cc ti mt chiu:ng cin mt chiu, b npaccu, min phn, my hn mt chiu, nam chm in, truyn tiin mt chiu cao p,
3.1 KHI NIM CHUNG
3 2 c im ca in p v dng in chnh lu
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3.2 c im ca in p v dng in chnh lu
3.2.1 in p chnh luud: Gi tr tc thi ca in p chnh lu Bao gm c thnhphn xoay chiu u v thnh phn mt chiu Gi tr trung bnhca in p chnh lu Ud
dd Uuu +=
S xung p mch ca sngin p chnh lu:
(1)fp
f
=
f(1): Tn s ca sng iu
ha bc 1 thnh phn xoaychiu ca ud f: Tn sin p li
3 1 2 Dng in chnh lu
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3.1.2 Dng in chnh lu
id: Gi tr tc thi ca dng in chnh lu Sng dng in chnh lu
Id: Gi tr trung bnh Thnh phn mt chiu ca sng dng in chnh lui: Thnh phn xoay chiu ca dng in chnh lu
d di i I= +
Xt h thng chnh lu ti R,L,E:
( )d L d d di
u L u Ri E dt
= = +
0; 0dd d Ldiu Ri E udt
> + > >
0; 0dd d Ldi
u Ri E u
dt
= + = =
0; 0dd d Ldi
u Ri E udt
< + < Tng t khi gi thit V3 m. V1 m Nhp V1
Khng hp l
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Nhp V1 1 < < 2:
1 2 2 1 3 3 1
1 1 2 3
0; ;
; ; 0
V V V
d d V d V V
u u u u u u u
u u i i I i i
= = =
= = = = =Nhp V2 2< < 3:
2 1 1 2 3 3 2
2 2 1 3
0; ;
; ; 0
V V V
d d V d V V
u u u u u u u
u u i i I i i
= = =
= = = = =Nhp V3 3 < < 4:
3 1 1 3 2 2 3
3 3 1 2
0; ;
; ; 0
V V V
d d V d V V
u u u u u u u
u u i i I i i
= = =
= = = = =
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Nhp Vn:
1 1
1
0; ;
; ; 0
Vn V n Vm m n
d n d Vn d V Vm
u u u u u u u
u u i i I i i
= = =
= = = = =
Qu trnh chuyn mch ti cc thi
im 2:in p chuyn mch l uk = u2 u1
Tng t ti cc thi im 3, 4:in p chuyn mch ln lt l
u3 u2 v u1 u3
Chuyn mch t nhin
p= mS xung:
3.3.2 Chnh lu hnh tia c iu khin
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Tn hiu
iu khinuc
Khu pht xung
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Thi im chuyn mch t nhin
Gc iu khin : tnh t thi im chuynmch t nhin n thi im pht xungm thyristor.
Phm vi ca gc iu khin :
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Gi tr trung bnh in p chnh lu
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coscossin 0dim
di Um
mUU ==
0 sinm
di
mUU
m
=
Udi0: Gi tr trung bnh in p chnh lu khng iu khin.
20 2
3 3 3 3 6sin 1.17
3 2 2
m mdi
U U UU U
= = = =
m = 3
2
2
sin2
m
di m
m
mU U d
+ +
+
=
C t h
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Cc ng c tnh
c tnh iu khin: c tnh ngoi (c tnh ti):
u ra: Ud u vo:
0
cosdi di
U U =
Chchnh lu
Chnghch lu
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6 2
< < c dng lin tc: trong ti phi c L
3.3.3 Ch lm vic chnh lu v nghch lu ph thuc Ch lm vic chnh lu
Ch lm vic nghch lu
d dU I=
ch nghch lu ph thuc2
>
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Trong ti phi c E Eo chiu2
> dE U >
iu kin c nghch lu ph thuc
Gc an ton
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0 <
Ch
chnh lu
Ch
nghchlu
offt =
3.3.4 Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha c diode V0
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dV uu =0
V0 s m khi trong trng hpkhng c V0 th ud < 0
V0 chhot ng khi
2 m
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Chen vo gia cc nhp V1, V2, V3 l cc nhp V0:
0 1 1 2 2 3 3
0
0; ; ;d V V V V
d V d
u u u u u u u ui i I
= = = = == =
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coscossin 0di
mdi U
m
mUU ==
0 sinm
dimUU
m
=
2 m
2 2m m
+
0
2
1 sin( )
sin2
2sin
mdi di
m
mU mU d U
m
+
= =
0 sinm
di
mUU
m
=
nh hng ca diode V0
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Khng c ch nghch lu Diode V0 lm tng hiu sut ca b chnh lu
d dU I
mUI=
U, I: gi tr hiu dng ca in p v dng in pha
1
2
VdI I
= 1 02V Vm =
Diode V0 lm gim gi tr hiu dng thnh phn xoay chiu ca in
p chnh lu
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3.4 Chnh lu hnh cu trong ch dng lin tc
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Thit b chnh lu su ni hnh cu v thc cht l hai b chnh luhnh tia mc ni tip
N
hmKATODE
NhmANODE
NhmANODE
NhmKATODE
3.4.1 Chnh lu hnh cu 3 pha iu khin hon ton
S
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S
Dng in trong cc pha:
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i1 = iV1 iV4; i2 = iV3 iV6; i3 = iV5 iV2
Gi tr trung bnh in p chnh lu:
p = 2m
di diA diK U U U=
2
sin cos
diA diK U U
m U
m
=
=
Trong trng hp m = 3
0
0
cos
2 2
sin
di di
di
U U
mU
U m
=
=
0
3 62.34di
UU U
= =
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Gin ng ct Xung iu khin:
3.4.2 Chnh lu hnh cu bn iu khin
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0 0
3 6cos2
3 6 1 cos 3 6;
2 2
diA
diK di di di
UU
U UU U U U
=
+= = =
3.4.3 Chnh lu hnh cu iu khin hon ton c diode V0
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Diode V0 s hot ng khi
623;)
6sin(1
2
0
+
= didi
UU
Tc dng: - Gim nhp nh ca in p v dng in ti- Tng hiu sut- Khng cho php ch nghch lu ph thuc
0
3 6di
UU
=
3.4.4 Chnh lu cu mt pha iu khin hon ton
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1 2
1
2
sin
sin2
sin( )2
m
m
m
u U u u
Uu
Uu
= =
=
=
1 4 2 3
d dA dK
V V V V
u u u
i i i i i
=
= =
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0
0
cos
2 2 0.9
di di
di
U U
UU U
=
= =
Gi tr trung bnh in p chnh lu
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0
0
1 cos
2
2 2
di di
di
U U
UU
+=
=
3.4.5 Chnhlu cu mtpha bn iukhin
So snh gia hai phng n: iu khin hon ton v bn iu khin
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nh m ca sng in p chnh lu b ct nhp nh Khng th lm vic ch nghch lu Hiu sut b bin i cao hn.
3.5 Dng in lin tc v gin on ca chnh lu p xung
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3.5.1 Thit b chnh lu ch dng in gin onS xut hin ca dng in gin on
Ti R: 0 0d di u
Ti R,L: 0d dU RI= >
vi cc m ch dng lin tc Ud< 0s xut hin dng in gin on
Trong nhp 0:
Trong nhp 0:
Ti L, E: dU E= vi cc m ch dng lin tc Ud< E
s xut hin dng in gin onTrong nhp 0:
0;d Vi i
u u u= =
0;d Vi iu u u= =
;d Vi iu E u u E = =
; IN MAX
3.5.2 Phn tch dng in chnh lu ca chnh lu p xung,khng c V0
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p = 1 Dng in lun gin on
Vi p > 1:
Chnh lu hnh tia c iu khin m pha. p = m. Um l bin in p pha
Chnh lu hnh cu iu khin hon ton
m pha. p = 2m. Um l bin in pdy (tr trng hp m = 1)
Z =
Gc bt u:
p = 1:
2Z
p
= + p > 1:
Ti tng qut R, L, E:
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sin (1)dd mdi Ri L E U d
+ + =
sin( )
1
( ) sin( )
Z
Z
md
md Z Z
Ui
Z
Ee
R
U
i eZ
=
+
+
(2)
2 2 2
arctg
Z R L
L
R
L
R
= +
=
= 0di iu kin:
Dng in gin on:
IN Z MAX
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IN Z MAX <
p dng vo (2)
2 2
2( ) ( ) sin( )
1 ( ) sin( )
md Z d K Z
p pmd Z Z
Ui iZ p
UEe i e
R Z
= = +
+
(5)
Suy ra2
2
2
sin( ) sin( )( ) ( )
1
p
Z Z
d Z d K m
p
e Epi i U
ZZ e
+ = =
(6)
3.5.3 Dng in chnh lu ca chnh lu p xung,
di d V0
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c diode V0
3.6 Hin tng trng dn
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1 2V V d di i i I
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1 2V V d d i i i I + = =
2 1
2 1
V V
K
di di L u u
dt dt
=
2 1 sin
2 sin
k km
km m
u u u U
U Um
= =
= bin in p dy gia hai pha k nhau
2
2
0
sin2
Vi
kmV
K
Udi dL
=
( )2 cos coskmVU
i
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( )
( )
2 cos cos2
cos cos
2
kmVK
km
kmkm
K
i L
I
UI
L
=
=
=
)cos cosd kmI I = +
arccos cos d
km
II
=
gc trng dn
22
Vd k
diu u L d
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2
1 2
2
d ku u L dt
u u
=
+=
( )cos coskm di I I
0du =
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( )cos coskm di I I = km
km
K
UI
L
=
( )1 2
3 4 1
cos cos2
kmV V
V V d V
Ii i
i i I i
= =
= =
)2 cos cosd kmI I = + 2
arccos cos d
km
I
I
=
St p do trng dn Ud
U R I
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d dU R I =
2
kpXR
=
Chnh lu hnh tia ba pha Chnh lu cu 3 pha
kpXR
=
Chnh lu cu mt pha
Ud: St p do Lk
c tnh ngoi khi xt n st p v dng in gin on
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Ud: St p do Lk.Udr= Rk.Id: St p trn RkUdF: St p trn van
nh hng n gc an ton ca thyristor:
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M + + =
( )cos cosdMkm
I
I = +
Chnh lu hnh cu 3 pha, tia ba pha
Chnh lu hnh cu mt pha
( )2
cos cosdM
km
I
I
= +
Xc nh gi trin p chnh lu cc i
1
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( )01
di c dM d M drM dFM U c U U U U b
= + + +
cc: hng s d tr cho iu khin cc = 1.04 1.06
b: hng s d tr ca li in 5% b = 0.95
3.7 Chnh lu c o chiu dng in - bn gc phn t
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Nguyn l iu khin:
iu khin ring:
Tng b chnh lu lm vic c lp,trong khi b chnh lu cn likhng lm vic.
iu khin chung
Xung iu khin cng mt lc c a
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g g vo c hai b, trong c mt bciu khin vi gc < /2, lm vic ch chnh lu. Cn b th hai c
iu khin vi gc
>/2, chch.
khng c dng ngn mch gia hai bchnh lu:
UdI + UdII 0
( )0 0
0
.cos .cos 0
cos cos 0
di I di II
di I II
I II
U U
U
+
+
+
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Tuy nhin:udI + udII 0 dng in tun hon
Hn ch dng tun hon:lp thm cun khng cn bng
3.8 My bin p ng lc
3 8 1 Dng in
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3.8.1 Dng in
iS = IS(AV) + iS
NP: s vng dy cun s cpNS: s vng dy cun th cp
iP
.NP
= iS
.NS
3)(
dAVS
II =
Gi s NP = NS = N
dIi i i= =
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1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
3
3
3
S S P
dS S P
dS S P
i i i
I
i i i
Ii i i
= =
= =
= =
1 3 1
2 1 2
3 2 3
P P
L P P
L P P
i i i
i i ii i i
=
= =
3.8.2 Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p
P SS SS K P+
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2
P StN t tN S K P= =
StN: Cng sut biu kin nh mc my bin p
SP: Cng sut biu kin cun dy s cpSS: Cng sut biu kin cun dy th cpPtN: Cng sut hu cng nh mc ca my bin p
i vi my bin p /Y
2 / 32
0
1
2 3
dS d I I d
= =
( ) ( )2 / 3 2
2 2
0 2 / 3
212 / 3 / 3
2 3
d P d d I I d I d
= + =
3 33 2
S S SN S dN S U I U I S U I U I
= =
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3 2 P PN P dN S U I U I = =
Vi chnh lu tia ba pha: 03 6
2diU U
=
0
0
2 2
3 3
2 2
3 3 3 3
S di dN dN
di dN dN
S U I P
S U I P
= =
= =
2 23 3 3
1.352
tN dN dN S P P
+= =
3.9 Cc nguyn tc iu khin chnh lu
Xung iu khin a vo thyristor lc in p t ln thyristor dng
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Xung iu khin a vo thyristor lc in p t ln thyristor dng Phi bit c khi no in p t ln thyristor dng Phi c in p ng b: ng b vi in p kha t ln thyristor
S khi ca khu pht xung biu khin:
ng bub
So snh
uc
Khuych iv p.p
iG1, iG2, iG3
3.9.1 Nguyn tc thng ng tuyn tnh
in p ng b l in p rng ca
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. cK u=
( )0 0cos cos .di di di cU U U K u= =
ub1
ub2
ub3
uC
uC
uC
3.9.2 Nguyn tc arccos:
i b l t i
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in p ng b l mt ng cosin
max cosbu U =
max
max
cos
arccos
b c
c
u u U
u
U
= =
=
0 0max
cos cdi di diu
U U UU
= =
Umaxub
uAK
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uc
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Chng 4: B bin i
v b khamt chiu
4.1 Khi nim chung Phn loi
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4.2 B kha mt chiu
ng ct dng in mt chiu
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S nguyn l s dng GTO
a) V
U
V0 L
R
iZ
Z
iG
iV0
iV
LR
0
0
iG
iV
iV0
t
RL
ngCt
Khi s dng thyristor:
M - ngNG
NG
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M ng
ng Ct
CTS
BCM
S
S
PS
Z
V0
OS
OS
S
PS
t
4.3 Phn loi thit b bin i mt chiu
4.3.1 Phn loi theo phng php bin iCh h l
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Trc tip b bin i xung Gin tip
4.3.2 Phn loi theo chc nng bin i
Gim p mc ni tip Tng p mc song songiu khin xung gi trin tr
4.3.3 Phn loi theo phng php iu khin
Tn s xung rng xung Hai gi tr
Nghch luChnh luc iu khin
U UZ
4.4 Nguyn l lm vic ca cc b bin i xung
4.4.1 B bin i gim p mc ni tip
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Nguyn l lm vic
Nhp S:uZ = U
iZ = iS: tng theo ng conghm m v gi tr (U - E)/R
Nng lng t ngun U,mt phn tch ly vocun L, phn ln npcho E, phn cn li tiu
tn trn RNhp S ko di trong khon thi gian T1. Kt thc khi tn hiu ct a vo kha S.
uc
S
iS
U
iV0
V0
R
L
uZ
iZZ
uZ
0
0
S V0 S V0 S
U
UZi
tT1 T2T
iS iV0 IZ
iZ
iZMiZMIN
t
Nhp V0:
uZ = 0 u S V0 S V0 S
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Z
iZ = iV0: gim theo ng conghm m v gi tr -E
/R
Nng lng trc y tchly trong cun L c giiphng, phn ln np cho
E, phn cn li tiu tntrn R
Nhp V ko di trong khon thi gian T2. Kt thc khi tn hiu ng a vo
kha S.
uc
S
iS
U
iV0
V0
R
L
uZ
iZ
Z
uZ
0
0
S V0 S V0 S
U
UZi
tT1 T2T
iS iV0 IZ
iZ
iZMiZMIN
t
Gi tr trung bnh in p trn ti
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zUUT
TUZi ==
1
z: t s chu k
0 z 1
0 Uzi U
Ziz
U EI
R
=
uc
S
iS
U
iV0
V0
R
L
uZ
iZZ
uZ
0
0
S V0 S V0 S
U
UZi
tT1 T2T
iS iV0 IZ
iZ
iZMiZMIN
t
4.4.2 B bin i tng p mc song song
Nguyn l lm vicu
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Nhp S:
uZ = 0
iZ = iS; tng theo ng conghm m, v gi tr E/R
Nng lng t ngun E
c tch ly phn lnvo cun L, phn cn litiu tn trn in tr R
Nhp S ko di trong khong thi gian T1. Nhp kt thc khi tn hiu ct a vo S
uc
iV0
V0
iS
S
iZ
Z
U
R
L
uZ
S V0 V0S S
T1 T2T
0U
UZi
t
uZ
iS iV0iZMIN
iZM
t
Nhp V0:
uZ = Uuc
S V0 V0S S
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iZ = iV0; gim theo ngcong hm m, v gi tr
(E U)/R < 0
Nng lng t ngun Ecng vi nng lng tch ly trong cun L
nhp trc, tiu tn mtphn trn in tr R,phn ln cn li ctr v ngun U.
Nhp V0 ko di trong khong thi gian T2. Nhp kt thc khi tn hiu ng a
vo S.
iV0
V0
iS
S
iZ
Z
U
R
L
uZ
T1 T2T
0U
UZi
t
uZ
iS iV0 iZMINiZM
t
Gi tr trung bnh in p trn ti
uc
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( )
2
1
1
Zi
TU U
TT T
UT
z U
= =
= =
=
Ziz
E UI
R
=
uc
iV0
V0
iS
S
iZ
Z
U
R
L
uZ
S V0 V0S S
T1 T2T
0U
UZi
t
uZ
iS iV0iZMIN
iZM
t
4.4.3 B bin i xung gi trin tr
S
uc
L
iZ
L
iS
SiR uc
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Nguyn l lm vic
Nhp S:
iZ = iS: tng vi h s gc bng U/L
Nhp S ko di trong khong thi gian T1. Kt thc khi tn hiu ct a vo S.
URP
SRp
U
c
T1 T2
T
iS iR iZMINiZM
t0
iZ =iS+iR
iZ
L
iS
SiR
Rp
uc
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Nhp 0
iZ = iR; gim theo ng cong hm m v gi tr U/Rp.Nhp 0 ko di trong khong thi gian T2. Kt thc khi tn hiung c avo S
U
T1 T2
T
iS iR iZMINiZM
t0
iZ =iS+iR
Xc nh gi trin tr tng ng ReiiZ
L
iS
SiR uc
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eip
ZZpZ
R
U
TTR
UITIRTUI ===
2
2
2
( )2 1ei p pT
R R z RT
= = 0 ei pR R
Rp
U
T1 T2
T
iS iR iZMIN iZM
t0
iZ =iS+iR
4.5 B chuyn mch
4.5.1 Mch LC V iV
C
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U
dt
diLidt
C
u
t
C =++ 0
1)0(
(0)sin (0) cosC v v
U ui t i t
LC
= +
v: tn s gc ca mch LC 1
vLC
=
C uC
i
L
t = 0
uC(0)
0
uCi
t
U
t = 0
L
i
uC C Ot
uC(0)=0
uC
iU
2U
SC
1t
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[ ]
0
1(0)
(0) cos (0) sin
C C
C v v
u u idt C
LU u U t i t
C
= + =
= + +
4.5.2 Phn tch b chuyn mch ca b bin i xung p
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uc
S
iS
U
iV0
V0
R
L
uZ
iZZ
iiV1
V1C
uCiC
uV1
V2
V3L1
U V0
Z
iZ
uZ
iiV1
V1
C
uCiC
uV1V2
V3L1
UV0
Z
iZ
uZt
V0
T
T1 T2
V1V3
V1 V2 V0
K1U
U
uZ
t2
0 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
QK
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Nhp V0 (0, t1)
iZ = iV0, uV0 = 0, uZ = 0
Gi thit uC = U
uV2 = 0; uV1 = U
iC = iV1 = iV2 =0
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
-K1U
K1U
uC iC
IZ
iV1
uV1
t0V1
uV2 iV2
t0V2
t
IZ
iZ iV2
iV0
iiV1
V1
C
uCiC
uV1V2
V3L1
UV0
Z
iZ
uZt
V0
T
T1 T2
V1V3
V1 V2 V0
K1U
U
uZ
t2
0 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
QK
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Nhp V1, V3 (t1, t3)
Ti t1a xung iu khin m V1
uZ = U; uV0 = -uZ = -U V0 ng li
iZ = iV1
1cos ( )C vu U t t =
1sin ( )C vUi t tL
C
=
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
-K1U
K1U
uC iC
IZ
iV1
uV1
t0V1
uV2 iV2
t0V2
t
IZ
iZ iV2
iV0
iiV1
V1
C
uCiC
uV1V2
V3L1
UV0
Z
iZ
uZt
V0
T
T1 T2
V1V3
V1 V2 V0
K1U
U
uZ
t2
0 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
QK
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uV1 = 0
iV1 = IZ - iCuV2 = -uC
iV2 = 0
Ti t = t3, dng iC = 0; V3 ng li
uC(t3) = -K1U; K1 = 0.7 0.9
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
-K1U
K1U
uC iC
IZ
iV1
uV1
t0V1
uV2 iV2
t0V2
t
IZ
iZ iV2
iV0
iiV1
V1
C
uCiC
uV1V2
V3L1
UV0
Z
iZ
uZt
V0
T
T1 T2
V1V3
V1 V2 V0
K1U
U
uZ
t2
0 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
QK
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Nhp V1 (t3, t4)
Tt c cc i lng gi nguyn gi trti thi im t = t3
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
-K1U
K1U
uC iC
IZ
iV1
uV1
t0V1
uV2 iV2
t0V2
t
IZ
iZ iV2
iV0
iiV1
V1
C
uCiC
uV1V2
V3L1
UV0
Z
iZ
uZt
V0
T
T1 T2
V1V3
V1 V2 V0
K1U
U
uZ
t2
0 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
QK
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Nhp V2 (t4, t6)
Ti t = t4a xung iu khin vo V2 m V2
uV2 = 0
in p ngc trn C t ln V1ng V1
4
4
4 1
1( )
( )
t
C Z C C Z
t
Z
i I u u t I dt C
It t K U
C
= = +
=
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
-K1U
K1U
uC iC
IZ
iV1
uV1
t0V1
uV2 iV2
t0V2
t
IZ
iZ iV2
iV0
iiV1
V1
C
uCiC
uV1V2
V3L1
UV0
Z
iZ
uZt
V0
T
T1 T2
V1V3
V1 V2 V0
K1U
U
uZ
t2
0 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
QK
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Nhp V2 (t4, t6)
iV2 = IZuV1 = uC
iV1 = 0uZ = U uC = -uV0
Ti t = t6, uZ = 0 V0 m, V2 ng li Bt u nhp V0
uZ(t6) = 0uC = U
0
0
0
0
U
U
U
-K1U
K1U
uC iC
IZ
iV1
uV1
t0V1
uV2 iV2
t0V2
t
IZ
iZ iV2
iV0
Np in cho t C khi bt u lm vic
M V2 trcng t C trc tip vo ngun U qua mt in tr hn ch dng
X h th C L
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Xc nh cc thng s C v L
V1 s dng khong (t4, t5) phc hi kh nng kha
(t5 t4)MIN = toffV1
115 4
1
( )ZM offV
Z
I tK UCt t C
I K U = =
V2 s dng khong (t1, t2) phc hi kh nng kha (t2 t1)MIN = toffV2
22
2 1 2
4( )
4 2
offVvtT
t t LC L
C
= = =
4.6 Nguyn tc iu khin b bin i xung p
rng xung thay i T1 Tn s xung thay i T Hai gi tr
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4.6.1 Nguyn tc iu khin rng xung
Gi nguyn f = 1/T, thay i T1
BK
M
ucBCM
C
T T1 T2
0
ucM uP uc
t
4.6.2 Nguyn tc iu khin tn s xung
Gi nguyn T1, thay i T
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f = 1/T M
BK
M
uc BCM
Khu
pht xung
Tr T1
4.6.3 Nguyn tc iu khin hai gi tr
iZt
i
iZM
ui1
ui2
ucM
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B pht xung ng vai tr ca mt biu khin dng in
0
iZMIN
I'Z=IZ
ui1
ui2
iZ
ui1
ui2
ui1 ui2
uc
uc > 0
uc < 0
M
uc
BCM
V0
Z
iZ
4.7 Cc b bin i xung nhiu gc phn t
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4.7.1 B bin i hai gc phn to chiu dng in
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V
S1
US2
V0Z
uZ
iZ
4.7.2 B bin i hai gc phn to chiu in p
S1 V1
S1S2 V1V2
S1S2V2V1
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)12(21 =
= zUT
TTUUZi
z > 0.5 Uzi > 0z < 0.5 Uzi < 0
U
S1
V2
uZ
iZ
V1
S2
Z
0
iZ
uZ
t
T1 T2 T
4.7.3 B bin i bn gc phn t
S2S1 S4S3S2S1V4V3 V1
V2S4S3
V2V1
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V2
V1
S2
S1 S3
S4V4
V3
Z
iZ
uZU
S3S4
iZ
uZ
t
0
0
S2S1 S1V3
S2S1 S3V1
S3S4 S3V1
tiZ uZ
Ch 5 Thit b h h l
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Chng 5: Thit b nghch lu
5.1 Khi nim chung Phn loi
Bin i nng lng in mt chiu thnh nng lng in xoay chiu
Phn loi
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Phn loi
Theo s lng pha:- Mt pha- Ba pha
- Nhiu pha
Theo s- Hnh cu- Hnh tia
Theo c im ngun- Ngun p- Ngun dng
5.2 S nguyn l
S1 S3
R
S2S1 S2S1S4S3
0
uZ
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S nguyn l nghch lu cu mt pha
S nguyn l nghch lu tia v bn cu mt pha
S4 S2
uZU
0 = t
S1 S2
R
Ud
uZ
O
S1S2S1
Ud
= t
uZ
Ud
Ud
S1
S2
R
uZ
S1 S3 S5
S1S2S3
S4
S5S6
3
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Nghch lu cu ba phati thun tr
Ud
S4 S6 S2
1 2 3
uZ1 uZ2 uZ3
Ud2
= t
uZ1
uZ2
uZ3
5.3 Nghch lu p
5 3 1 Dng cng sut hu cng v phn khng
Mang tnh cht ngun p: to ra in p xoay chiu. Dng in ura ph thuc vo ti.u vo ca nghch lu p l ngun in p mt chiu
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5.3.1 Dng cng sut hu cng v phn khng
P = UdId
P > 0 Id > 0: c. nghch luP < 0 I
d
< 0: c. chnh lu
=
==m
n
ndd piUp1 Ud
id
-idS
VR
P = Ud.Id
p = Ud.id
1
2
3
p1
Z1
p2Z2
p3Z3
5.3.2 Nghch lu p cu mt pha
VR1S1 S3
VR3
iZZ
id
iVR1
iS1
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: Gc d kin ng cc b kha
S: Gc thng dng ca cc b kha
R: Gc thng dng ca ccdiode ngc
VR2
S2S4
VR4
uZUd
L R
S1,S2
VR1,VR2
S3,S4
VR3,VR4
uZ
R
= t Ud
S
-UdO
2
Ud
S1
S2
Z
iZ
S1,S2
VR3,VR4
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Ud/R
-Ud/R
iZ
iS1 = iS2
O
Id
iVR3 = iVR4
iS3 = iS4 iVR1 = iVR2
O
O Z
iZ
VR3
VR4
,
S4
S3
Z
iZ
S3,S4
5.3.3 Nghch lu p tia mt pha
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Nhp S1:
uZ = ua = Ud
iS1 = id = iZ tng theo ng cong hm m
=
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Nhp VR2:
uZ = ub = -UdiVR2 = -id = iZ gim theo ng cong hm m
Ngt xung iu khin a vo S1. Do nh hng ca L trong ti, dngin trong cun th cp v qua dng trong cun s cp vn gichiu c. Dng trong cun s cp chy qua VR2 v qua na phi cacun s cp.
Nhp VR2 kt thc khi dng iVR2 gim v gi tr 0
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Nhp S2:
uZ = ub = -Ud
iS2 = id = -iZ tng theo ng cong hm m vi chiu ngc li
Xung iu khin a vo S2 ngay sau khi ngt S1. Khi VR2 ng,dng s chy qua S2.in p trn ti vn khng i, tuy nhin dng iZso chiu
Nhp S2 kt thc khi ngt xung iu khin a vo S2 v bt u a xungiu khin vo S1
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Nhp VR1:
uZ = ua = UdiVR1 = -id = -iZ tng theo ng cong hm m
Ngt xung iu khin a vo S2. Do nh hng ca L trong ti, dngin trong cun th cp v qua dng trong cun s cp vn gichiu c. Dng trong cun s cp chy qua VR1 v qua na tri cacun s cp.
Nhp VR1 kt thc khi dng iVR1 tng ln gi tr 0
5.3.4 Nghch lu p cu ba pha
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S1, S5, S6
1 3
2
ZuZ1 uZ3
uZ2
Ud
uZ1 = uZ3 = Ud/3
uZ2 = -2Ud/3
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S1, S2, S6
1
32
uZ1
uZ3uZ2
Ud
uZ1 = 2Ud/3
uZ2 = uZ3 = -Ud/3
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S1, S2, S3
1 2
3
ZuZ1 uZ2
uZ3
Ud
uZ1 = uZ2 = Ud/3
uZ3 = -2Ud/3
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S2, S3, S4
2
31
uZ2
uZ3uZ1
Ud
uZ2 = 2Ud/3
uZ1 = uZ3 = -Ud/3
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S3, S4, S5
2 3
1
ZuZ2 uZ3
uZ1
Ud
uZ2 = uZ3 = Ud/3
uZ1 = -2Ud/3
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S4, S5, S6
3
21
uZ3
uZ2uZ1
Ud
uZ3 = 2Ud/3
uZ1 = uZ2 = -Ud/3
= S
+ R
= = < S + R >
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T
I
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5.3.5 iu khin nghch lu p cu 3 pha
Nguyn tc thay i tn s xung ln: Ud Tn s: tn s pht xung vo cc b kha
uc Phn phi Khuych i
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Nguyn tc iu bin rng xung - PWM
IN P RNG CAiN P IU KHIN
Pht xung
p
xung
y xung
S1, S3, S5
S2, S4, S6
uZ1 = uZ2 = uZ3 = 0
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5.4 Nghch lu dng
5.4.1 Hai chc nng ca b chuyn mch
trong nghch lu dng
t in p ngcln thyristor, ng thyristor.
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Tham gia vo qu trnhchuyn mch
5.4.2 Nghch lu dng mt pha
Gi s V1, V2 m, dng in qua tiiZ = Id
in p trn cc t uC1 < 0, uC2 < 0.
Mun ng V1, V2: m V11, V12.
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Mun ng V1, V2: m V11, V12.
Dng iZ = Id chy qua V11, C1, C2, V12in p trn cc to chiu.
Trong thi gian in p trn cc t cn
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B chuyn mch thc hin chc nngth hai
Qu trnh chuyn mch kt thc khiiV3 = iV4 = -iZ = Id
5.4.3 Nghch lu dng 3 pha
Thyristor chnh: V1, V2, , V6 T chuyn mch: C13, C35, , C 26, C24 Diode phn cch: V11, V12, , V16.
0120 = V1
V2
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V3V4V5V6
iZ1
iZ2
Id-Id
iZ3
Nhp V1, V2, V11, V12
iZ1 = Id; iZ2 = 0; iZ3 = -Id
uC13 > 0
uV3 = uC13 > 0: V3 ang trng thi kha
Nhp V3, V11, V2, V12
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a xung iu khin m V3.uC13ng V1.Dng Id chy qua V3, C13, song song viC13 l C35 v C15, V11, vo pha 1.
uV13
= uZ12
uC13
< 0 ... V13 vn ng.Id so chiu in p trn C13.
B chuyn mch thc hin chc nng th 1
Nhp V3, V11, V13, V2, V12
Khi uV13 = uZ12 uC13 = 0 ... V13 m ...Dng chy qua V3 v V13 vo pha 2.
Qu trnh chuyn mch: dng chyvo pha 1 gim dn, dng chy vopha 2 tng dn.
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B chuyn mch thc hin chc nng th2: tham gia vo qu trnh chuyn mch
Qu trnh chuyn mch kt thc khi dng
chy vo pha 1 gim v 0 v dng chyvo pha th 2 bng Id.
Chuyn sang nhp V3, V13, V2, V12
5.4.4 iu khin nghch lu dng
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Chng 6: Thit b bin tn
6.1 Khi nim chung Phn loi
Dng bin i nng lng in xoay chiu bng cch thay i tn s Phn loi theo s lng pha
- Mt pha- Ba pha
- m-pha
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Phn loi theo s- Trc tip- Gin tip
+ Ngun p+ Ngun dng
6.2 Bin tn trc tip
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Bin i trc tip in p xoay chiuthnh in p xoay chiuc tn s khc
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12 1 2( 1)
TT T n
p= + n: s na chu kin p u vo
to nn na chu kin p u ra
2 1
1 2 2( 1) f T p f T p n
= =+
[ ] 1 12 2( 1) T TT p n qp p
= + =
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Tn sin p u ra f2 < 25Hz v khng thiu khin v cp
Bin tn trc tip t c s dng
[ ] 1 12 2( 1)T T
T p n qp p
= + =i vi bin tn 3 pha:
6.3 Bin tn gin tip
6.3.1 Bin tn ngun p
CHNH LU NGHCH LU P
UdII > 0
Cf, Lf: mch lc
Mch lc cng vi chnh lu to thnh t hi
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Mch lc cng vi chnh lu to thnhngun p mt chiu u vo canghch lu p
Cf: nhn dng phn khng.
Nguyn tc iu khin: Nguyn tc iu khin tn s xung:
f2: tn s xung pht vo nghch luU2: s dng chnh lu c iu khin, hoc s dng chnh lu khng iu khin
v b bin i xung p Nguyn tc PWM chnh lu chcn l khng iu khin.
UdI > 0
IdI > 0
PI > 0 Cng sut khng tho chiu
6.3.2 Bin tn ngun dng
Lf: Mch lc
Chnh lu v mch lc phi ctnh cht ngun dng mt chiu
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CHNH LU NGHCH LU DNG
Nguyn tc iu khin:
f2: tn s xung pht vo nghch lu
I2: s dng chnh lu c iu khin.
Id > 0
UdI > 0 hoc < 0 Cng sut c tho chiu
Chng 7B kh hi
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B kha xoay chiuv thit b bin i in p xoay chiu
7.1 Khi nim chung Phn loi
B kha xoay chiu: ng, ct dng xoay chiuThit b bin i in p xoay chiu: thay i gi trin p xoay chiu
Phn loi theo s lng pha- Mt pha- Ba pha
- m-pha
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m pha
Phn loi theo s- C bn- Tit kim
Phn loi theo phng php iu khin-iu khin hon ton- Bn iu khin
7.2 B kha xoay chiu
7.2.1 B kha xoay chiu mt phaNG
NGT
sinm
ZZ Uu
d
diLRi ==+
Z: gc bt u
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Z g iz(z) = 0
( )
sin( ) sin( )Z
R
m m LZ z
U Ui e
Z Z
=
2 2 2; arctan
L Z R L
R
= + =
f1()f2()
NG
NGT
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7.2.2 B kha xoay chiu ba pha
Gm 3 b kha 1 pha
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7.3 Thit b bin i in p xoay chiu
Ti thun tr R
7.3.1 Thit b bin i in p xoay chiu mt pha
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Ti R, L:
Khi < <
sin( )m
Z
Ui
Z =
Z =
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( )
sin( )
R
m L
Z
Ue
Z
Khi 0 < <
Khng iu khin c in p.Thit b lm vic nh b kha xoay chiu
Ti L
Khi /2 < <
(cos cos )mZU
i L =
= /2
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( )L =
Khi 0 < < /2
Khng iu khin c in p.Thit b lm vic nh b kha xoay chiu
7.3.2 Thit b bin i in p xoay chiu ba pha
Gm c ba b bin i in p xoay mt pha mc vi nhau
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CHNG 8: BO V V IU KHINCC THIT B BIN I
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8.1 Bo v cc phn tin t cng sut
8.1.1 Cng sut tn tht v lm mt
1 2 1P p p p = +
P Cng sut tn tht
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1p Cng sut tn tht chnh
2p Cng sut tn tht ph
20 ( )T AV F P U I R I = +
j a th
th jv vr ra
T T R P
R R R R
= +
= + +
Nhit mt ghp
Tj Nhit mt ghpTa Nhit khng kh mi trng
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a g gRjv in tr nhit gia mt ghp v v linh kin bn dnRvrin tr nhit gia v v cnh tn nhitRra in tr nhit gia cnh tn nhit v khng kh mi trng
Lm mt:
Cnh tn nhit Cnh tn nhit + qut gi
Cnh tn nhit + nc Ngm trong du bin th
8.1.2 Bo v dng in
Cu ch:
CC phi chu c dng lm vic nh mc ca thit b Nhit dung chu ng ca CC phi nh hn nhit dung ca thit b cn
bo v nhit lng (I2t)CC < (I2t)TB
in p h quang ca CC phi tng i ln Gim nhanh dng inv tiu tn nng lng trong mch.
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Khi CC t, in p phc hi phi ln Khng lm cho h quang chyli gia hai cc ca cu ch
Lp t: c nhiu cch
Tng pha ca cun dy s cp hoc th cp MBA Ni tip vi tng van Ni tip vi tng nhm van mc song songu ra ca thit b bin i
8.1.3 Bo v qu p
Qu p trong
S tch tin tch trong cc lp bn dn(qu trnh ng ca diode v thyristor) Bo v bng mch R C u song song vi diode hoc thyristor
Qu p ngoi
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Q p g
Ct khng ti MBA trn ng dy, CC bo v nhy, sm st, Bo v bng mch R C mc gia cc pha th cp ca MBA ng lc
R .. 10 1000 C 0.01 1 F
8. 2 iu khin cc thit b bin i8.2.1 Khuych i thut ton
2
1
r vRu uR
=
Khuych i o
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1R
Mch so snh
...
...
ccr
cc
U u uu
U u u
+
+
>=
+ >
Mch tch phn
1r vu u dt
RC=
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-
+
R
C
ur vr
duu RC
dt=
Mch vi phn
8.2.2 Mch to xung chun s dng IC 555
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1 1 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
0.693 ( ); 0.693
0.693 ( 2 )
t C R R t CR
T t t t C R R
= + =
= = + = +
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Mch lt n s dng IC 555
1.1T RC=
13
ccV