Diaspora Somalis: A Missional Helix

8/2/2019 Diaspora Somalis: A Missional Helix

1/27

Fwwkiloakw hm Chb R`khohcagfo Wkiaef|q

Bafwth|f Whifoaw: F Iawwahefo @koap

Ae Tf|rafo M{omaooiker hm r`k Ifwrk| hm F|rw ae Aerk|g{or{|fo Iaeawr|akw

IGWI@R =2


2/27

Rflok hm Gherkerw

AER\HB[GRAHE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7

BAFWTH\F: F R@KHOHCAGFO \KMOKGRAHE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7

T\K)GH]KEFER BAFWTH\F IHRAMW %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2

JKSAW@ BAFWTH\F: T\HRHRQTK HM IHBK\E BAFWTH\F%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3

Mac{|k 6 ) Hob Rkwrfiker R|fjkgrh|q hm Aw|fko#w Kptk|akegk hm Bafwth|f%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3F SH\NAEC BKMAEARAHE HM BAFWTH\F%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 64

WHIFOAF: F G[OR[\FO FEFOQWAW% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 66

WHIFOAW AEBAFWTH\F: @AWRH\AGFO \KMOKGRAHE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6;

GHIIHE T\HLOKIW MFGKB LQ BAFWTH\F WHIFOAW AE R@K [EARKB WRFRKW HM FIK\AGF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


3/27

Aer|hb{grahe

R`k tftk| saoo lkcae sar` fe ae}kwracfrahe hm laloagfo ihramw ghegk|eaec aifckw hm

bafwth|f t|ah| rh Fl|f`fi/ feb {t rh r`k Jksaw` kpaokw rh Lflqohe feb Tk|waf% R`k |kw{orw hm r`k

kpfiaefrahe saoo fab ae r`k ghewr|{grahe hm f sh|naec bkmaearahe hmbafwth|f% F l|akm t|kwkerfrahe

hm Whifoa g{or{|k feb àwrh|q saoo `kot rh bkrk|iaek `hs r`k Whifoa bawtk|wahe marw r`k bkmaearahe

hmbafwth|f% Ae oac`r hm r`k r`khohcagfo/ àwrh|agfo feb g{or{|fo aemh|ifrahe ghookgrkb/ ràw tftk|

saoo hmmk| w{cckwrahew mh| bk}kohtaec wr|frkcakw mh| kecfcaec Whifoaw sar` r`k chwtko%

Bafwth|f: F R`khohcagfo \kmokgrahe

Bafwth|f |kifaew f |kofra}koq |kgker l{r c|hsaec makob hm fgfbkiag wr{bq% \hck|

L|{lfnk| w{cckwrw f }k|arflok kptohwahe hm aerk|kwrw ae bafwth|f%6 Lkrskke r`k qkf|w 6134 feb

fw skoo fw/ r`k gofwwagfo |kmk|kegk rh tkhtokw s`h `f}k

iac|frkb fsfq m|hi r`ka| `hikofeb(w!%2

\hck|w f|c{kw r`fr r`k fttoagfrahe hm r`k rk|i rh wh

ifeq rqtkw feb w{l)rqtkw g|kfrkw f bafwth|f hm r`k rk|i bafwth|f% Ae hr`k| sh|bw/ r`k rk|i `fw

okmr arw |hhrw ae r`k abkf hm `hikofeb h| ghookgra}arq feb lkke fgg{or{|frkb aerh r`k

6\hck|w L|{lfnk|% ,R`k #Bafwth|f# Bafwth|f%,Krèag feb \fgafo Wr{bakw


4/27

`{ifearakw feb whgafo wgakegkw fw f t|hgkww/ makob hm aev{a|q febh| frr|al{rk%;

R`k|kmh|k/

r`k aitk|fra}k fr r`k h{rwkr hm ràw tftk| oakw ae `hs r`k rk|i bafwth|f saoo lk bkmaekb feb

kitohqkb ae |kcf|bw rh Whifoaw% F sh|naec bkmaearahe saoo lk ghewr|{grkb lq kpfiaeaec r`k

laloagfo ihramw hm bawtk|wahe t|kgkbaec Fl|f`fiag Gh}kefer feb r`k w{lwkv{ker bawtk|wahew hm

Jksw rh Kcqtr/ Lflqohe feb Fwwq|af%

T|k)Gh}kefer Bafwth|f Ihramw

Gofwwagfooq r`k rk|i bafwth|f `fw lkke gheekgrkb rh r`k Hob Rkwrfiker ef||fra}k hm r`k

Jksaw` wgfrrk|aec feb bawtk|wahe b{|aec r`k kpaok/ feb r`k ih}kiker hm G`|awrafew ae r`k Eks

Rkwrfiker%

=

Ek}k|r`kokww/ r`k ghegktr hm wgfrrk|aec fttkf|w ae r`k laloagfo rkpr ohec lkmh|k r`k

Jksaw` kpaok% Kehg` Sfe w{cckwr mh{| aegabkerw hm bawtk|wahe okfbaec {t rh r`k Jksaw` bafwth|f%3

Ma|wr/ Fbfi feb K}kw |klkooah{w fgrahew mh|gk r`ki h{r hm r`k Cf|bke hm Kbke%0

R`k wkgheb

k}ker ghikw he r`k `kkow hm r`k ma|wr i{|bk| mh|gaec Gfae fsfq m|hi r`k t|kwkegk hm Chb%1

R`k

ekpr aegabker maebw Ehf` feb àw mfiaoq lkaec wktf|frkb m|hi r`k w`kork| hm r`k F|n%64

Ofwroq/ r`k

whew hm Ehf` f|k wgfrrk|kb fsfq m|hi r`k tofaew hm Wàef| rh r`k kebw hm r`k Kf|r`%66

Hek ifq

fowh aewk|r fehr`k| t|k)g{|wh| rh r`k kpaoag bafwth|f wrkiiaec m|hi r`k Lflko wgfrrk|aec: r`k

gfooaec hm Fl|f`fi%

;L|{lfnk|/ 2%

=If|n @f{wmkob/Awofi ae Fik|agf: [ebk|wrfebaec feb Kecfcaec Bafwth|f I{woaiw R`|h{c` r`k Ohgfo

G`{|g` (Wt|aecmakob: Fwwkiloakw hm Chb R`khohcagfo Wkiaef|q/


5/27

R`k Hob Rkwrfiker/ s|arrke t|aif|aoq ae @kl|ks/ kitohqw wk}ke |hhr sh|bw6 rà|b/ r`k aemo{kegk

hm thsk|m{o fb}hgfgq (k%c% Ihwkw/ Kwr`k|!> mh{|/ r`k okcfgq hm ekcfra}k àwrh|agfo fwwhgafrahew

(k%c% @qnwhw!> mamr`/ r`k kptk|akegk hm if|caefoazfrahe feb kptoharfrahe (k%c% lhebfck/ kpaok!>

wap/ r`k ae`k|arfegk hm w`f|kb bafwth|f ikih|q (k%c% |k`kf|wkb h|fo feb s|arrke ef||fra}k!>

wk}ke/ r`k flabaec àwrh|agfo feb r`khohcagfo oaecw rh efrfo ofeb (k%c% Gh}kefer!% feb r`k wkgheb wrfrkw/ r`k |k}arfoazfrahe hm efrfo abkerarq%


9/27

wkrrokb ae Gfeffe/ kwrfloaw`kb f ihef|gàfo ch}k|eiker feb oa}kb |kofra}koq t|hwtk|h{w oa}kw%

@hsk}k|/ thoaragfo aemac`raec fmrk| Naec Bf}abw bkfr` |kw{orkb ae f ba}abkb naecbhi% R`k hegk

{earkb r|alkw hm Aw|fko sk|k ehs rsh% Rke r|alkw ghit|awkb r`k Eh|r`k|e Naecbhi gfookb Aw|fko

feb rsh r|alkw/ J{bf` feb Lkejfiae/ |{okb r`k Wh{r`k|e Naecbhi% R`k ba}abkb naecbhi |kb{gkb

f hegk wr|hec efrahe aerh rsh wifook| feb }{oek|flok naecbhiw% Ghewkv{keroq/ ae 3 tofer cf|bkew feb kfr s`fr r`kq t|hb{gk% If||q feb `f}kwhew feb bf{c`rk|w> maeb sa}kw mh| qh{| whew feb ca}k qh{| bf{c`rk|w ae if||afck/ wh r`fr

r`kq rhh ifq `f}k whew feb bf{c`rk|w% Aeg|kfwk ae e{ilk| r`k|k> bh ehr bkg|kfwk% Fowh/wkkn r`k tkfgk feb t|hwtk|arq hm r`k garq rh sàg` A `f}k gf||akb qh{ aerh kpaok% T|fq rh

r`k OH\B mh| ar/ lkgf{wk am ar t|hwtk|w/ qh{ rhh saoo t|hwtk|%,74

R`k Wh{r`k|e Naecbhiw w{ggkww fr oa}aec ae r`ka| `hwr g{or{|k `fb m{r{|k aith|rfegk%

S`ke Gq|{w bkg|kkb r`fr Jksw gh{ob |kr{|e rh Jk|{wfoki/ r`k |krkerahe hm f efrahefo abkerarq sfw

nkq rh |kkwrfloawàec Jk|{wfoki feb |kl{aobaec r`k Rkitok% T|kwk|}frahe hm r`k Jksaw` abkerarq

r`|h{c` kpaok t|h}kb rh lk f {eamqaec mh|gk hegk tkhtok lkcfe rh |kr{|e rh r`ka| `hikofeb%

Hlwk|}aec Jksaw` bafwth|f |k}kfow hek nkq takgk hm aemh|ifrahe: kfg` bafwth|f gherfaew

{eav{k g`f|fgrk|awragw% Fw w{g`/ bammag{orq f|awkw ae g|kfraec f `f|b feb mfwr bkmaearahe hmbafwth|f

r`fr marw kfg` war{frahe% R`k|kmh|k/ r`k Jksaw` bafwth|f sh{ob ehr ekgkwwf|aoq wk|}k fw r`k

74Wkk Jk|kiaf`


10/27

t|hrhrqtagfo ihbko l{r ih|k f ma|wr g`ftrk| ae f ohec k}ho{rahe fihec bawtk|wahe k}kerw%

Ek}k|r`kokww/ r`k wr{bq hm r`kwk k}kerw feb r`ka| g`f|fgrk|awragw t|ktf|kw r`k sfq rh maebaec

ghewkew{w hm bkmaearahe hmbafwth|f%

F Sh|naec Bkmaearahe hm Bafwth|f

@awrh|agfooq wr{bkerw hmbafwth|f `f}k |koakb `kf}aoq he r`k sh|n hm Saooafi Wfm|fe feb

\hlae Gh`ke rh maeb ghewkew{w hm bkmaearahe mh|bafwth|f% R`ka| sh|n frrkitrw rh g|kfrk oawrw hm

ghiihe g`f|fgrk|awragw fihec bawtk|wkb c|h{tw wh fw rh t|h}abk g|ark|ahe mh| aego{wahe fw

bafwth|f% L|{lfnk|/ `hsk}k|/ frrkitrw rh c|h{t waiaof| kokikerw ae Wfm|fe feb Gh`kew oawrw aerh

l|hfb gfrkch|akw% R`k gfrkch|akw frrkitr rh fgghiihbfrk r`k aeba}ab{foarq hm kfg` bafwth|ag

war{frahe sàok ehr lkghiaec h}k|oq |kwr|agra}k h| kpgo{wahef|q fw r`k hr`k|w% L|{lfnk| hmmk|w r`k

mhoohsaec gfrkch|akw hm bkmaearahe `kotaec wr{bkerw rh bkoaekfrk bafwth|f:

6% Bawtk|wahe% Ràw wtkfnw t|aif|aoq rh tkhtok c|h{tw s`h `f}k kar`k| }ho{erf|aoq h|mh|galoq ih}kb fg|hww wrfrk lh|bk|w% Kpgktrahe gfe lk ifbk mh| r`hwk s`h |kifae saràe

wrfrk lh|bk|w l{r r`|h{c` whik gf{wk maeb r`kiwko}kw wgfrrk|kb fsfq m|hi r`ka| `hik%76


11/27

r`hwk hm r`k wrfrk% Ràw g|ark|ahe sh{ob fgr{fooq foohs mh| c|h{tw rh oa}k ae ba}k|wk

ckhc|ftàgfo ohgfrahew sàok ifaerfaeaec gheekgrahe sar` r`ka| `hik g{or{|k%

R`h{c` r`k Jksaw` bawtk|wahew bh ehr fgr fw t|hrhrqtk/ r`kq gfe lk gfookb bafwth|f lq

L|{lfnk|w g|ark|af% Ae kfg` gfwk/ kar`k| }ho{erf|q h| mh|gkb bawtk|wahe fg|hww wrfrk lh|bk|w

hgg{|w% Fmrk| r`k Fl|f`fiag Gh}kefer sfw aewrar{rkb feb ofeb lkgfik ker|keg`kb ae r`k Jksaw`

twqg`k/ r`k ifjh|arq hm Jksw lkgfik h|akerkb f|h{eb f `hikofeb feb tagr{|kb ar fw r`k wh{|gk hm

r`ka| }fo{kw/ abkerarq feb ohqforq% Ofwroq/ r`k J{bkfe bawtk|wahe t|h}abkw fe kpfitok hm lh{ebf|q)

ifaerkefegk s`k|klq r`k tkhtok g`hhwk rh |krfae r`ka| efrahefo abkerarq sàok ghhtk|fraec sar`

r`k `hwr g{or{|k (Lflqohe!% R`k bawtk|wahe hm Aw|fko rh Fwwq|af/ `hsk}k|/ t|h}abkw f gher|f|q

kpfitok hm f c|h{t g`hhwaec rh ghitokrkoq fwwaiaofrk w{||kebk|aec arw abkerarq rh r`k `hwr

g{or{|k% @f}aec kwrfloaw`kb r`k c|h{t fw bafwth|f r`k sh|n hm bawgk|eaec arw {eav{k bafwth|ag

v{foarakw gfe lk {ebk|rfnke% R`k|kmh|k/ ràw tftk| saoo kitohq L|{lfnk|w g|ark|ahe fw r`k

t|aif|q wh{|gk mh| bkmaeaec bafwth|f%

Whifoaf: F G{or{|fo Fefoqwaw%

W`ftkb oank e{ilk| wk}ke/ Whifoaf oakw he r`k kfwrk|e `h|e hm r`k Fm|agfe gheraeker%

Kràhtaf lh|bk|w ar rh r`k skwr feb Whifoaf `fw ekf|oq


12/27

|kghceazkb fe aebktkebker gh{er|q%7;

Fehr`k| wkia)f{rhehih{w wrfrk gfookb T{erofeb kpawrw ae

r`k eh|r`kfwr |kcahe hm Whifoaf%

Oaekfck abkerarq aw f gker|fo h|cfeazaec mh|gk ae Whifoa whgakrq/ l{r ehr r`k heoq hek%7=

Whifoa whgakrq ghewawrw hm f ghitokp wqwrki hm f wkcikerkb oaekfck gofew% R`k gofe wr|{gr{|k gfe

lk h|cfeazkb aerh r`|kk c|h{tw: EhifbagTfwrh|fo/ Fc|h)Tfwrh|foawrw feb Iaeh|arakw%73 R`k

wkcikerkb oaekfck lkcaew sar` r`k tfr|aoaekfo mfiaoq gofe% R`k mfiaoq gofe ba}abkw aerh w{l)gofew/

t|aif|q oaekfck feb ifcbaqf (lohhb ihekq! tfqaec c|h{tw%70

R`k Whifoa heoq nehsw àiwkom

hm `k|wkom lq r`ka| gofe ckekfohcq% Gàob|ke f|k rf{c`r rh ikih|azk feb |kgark wk}k|fo

ckek|frahew hm fegkwrh|w% R`k aemh|ifrahe kwrfloaw`kw f ikilk|wàt gheekgrahe mh| r`k aeba}ab{fo

feb/ fr raikw/ ifq k}ke wf}k r`ka| oa}kw%71

Gofe fmmaoafrahe hmrke kv{frkw rh thoaragfo fmmaoafrahe feb ae raikw hm {e|kwr lkaec flok rh

|kgark hekw àwrh|q rh t|h}k oaekfck gfe lk f oamk wf}aec wnaoo% He r`k hr`k| `feb/ qh{eck| Whifoaw

s`h `f}k oa}kb t|aif|aoq ae g{or{|fo lokebaec {|lfe gkerk|w oank Ihcfbaw`{ hmrke mfao rh nehs

r`ka| ckekfohcagfo wg|atr%24

@hsk}k|/ r`k|k gfe lk i{g` mo{abarq saràe r`k gofe wr|{gr{|kw% Ae

hr`k| sh|bw/ am fe aeba}ab{fo ekkbw rh foace sar` fehr`k| gofe mh| thoaragfo h| hr`k| |kfwhew/ `k h|

w`k waitoq fbhtrw f ckekfohcq m|hi r`fr gofe ifnaec ar r`ka| hse feb r`{w cfaew ikilk|wàt%

R`k mokpalaoarq ae r`k gofe wqwrki ifq lk b{k rh r`k lkoakm ae f ghiihe efrfo bkwgker%

R`k EhifbagTfwrh|foawrw `f}k mh{| lfwag mfiaoq gofew: Bf|hhb/ @fsaqk/ Ba|/ feb Awffv%

7;\{krk|w/ Mfgrlhp: S`fr aw Whifoaofeb/ `rrt:sss%|k{rk|w%ghif|ragokJhfnai C{ebko/ Gofew ae Whifoaf/FGGH\B (


13/27

R`kwk mfiaoq gofew f|k ghewabk|kb ehlok lkgf{wk r`kq gofai bkwgker m|hi Wfiffok hm r`k

V{|fqw`/ hm sàg` r`k T|ht`kr I{`fiifb lkoheckb% R`k Fc|h)Tfwrh|foawrw f|k fowh ehlokw

feb ghewawr hm rsh mfiaoq gofew: \f`feskaeIa|amok feb Bacao% R`kwk mfiaoq gofew gofai fcefrag

bkwgker m|hi Wffl/ r`k l|hr`k| hm Wfiffok% R`k rà|b c|h{t ghewawrw hm tkhtok |kmk||kb rh fw

Iaeh|arakw% Ghewabk|kb h{rgfwrw h| ehe)ehlokw/ r`k Iaeh|arakw sh|n fw ghllok|w/ rfeek|w/

skf}k|w feb lofgnwiar`w%26

Whifoaw/ ae of|ck tf|r/ t|fgragk kphcfiq feb thoqcqeq (saràe r`k oaiarw hm Awofiag ofs!%

Gh{|rwàt fihec Whifoaw hmrke t|h}kw bammag{or lkgf{wk hm r`ka| ehifbag feb wkia)ehifbag

oamkwrqokw% ]a|caearq |kifaew f àc` }fo{k mh| sh{ob lk l|abkw/ r`{w/ r`k t|fgragk hm aemal{ofrahe

fihec gk|rfae gofew gfe lk mh{eb%2< R`k hobk| ifok ikilk|w hm mfiaoakw hmrke f||feck if||afckw

mh| r`k qh{eck| ike% R`k Whifoa if||afck abkfo `fw f wkewk hm {raoarf|afeawi/ `hsk}k|% Fw f

ifew `k|bw aeg|kfwk wh rh bhkw r`k |kwthewalaoarq hm r`k samk% Whifoa sa}kw saoo lk kptkgrkb rh

gf|k mh| flh{r 6;4 w`kkt feb chfrw {eokww w`k `fw e{ik|h{w bf{c`rk|w h| f sabhskb ihr`k| rh

`kot/ r`ke/ r`k e{ilk| ifq c|hs fw of|ck fw 744% S`ke r`k mohgnw c|hs rhh of|ck/ r`k ifok saoo

g`hhwk fehr`k| samk% R`k|kmh|k/ r`k ih|k sa}kw r`k c|kfrk| r`k wrfr{w hm r`k ife lkgf{wk `k

|kv{a|kw ih|k `kot rkebaec àw of|ck mohgnw (skfor`!%27

Kfg` eks l|abk |kv{a|kw l|abk)skfor` lk

tfab sàg` heoq bkihewr|frkw m{|r`k| r`k t|hwtk|arq hm r`k `{wlfeb% S`ke r`k ifok rfnkw f

wkgheb (h| rà|b h| mh{|r`! samk r`k ma|wr samk feb `k| gàob|ke mh|i gfookb r`k c|kfr `h{wk h|

iaeskqe%22

R`k w{ggkwwa}k sa}kw feb r`ka| gàob|ke mh|i r`k oarrok `h{wk h|iaeqf|%2;

Kfg`

26Cohlfo Wkg{|arq/ Iaoarf|q: Fe Aer|hb{grahe rh Whifoaf/

`rrt:sss%cohlfowkg{|arq%h|ciaoarf|qoal|f|q|kth|rgfoogfooX17)6Xg`t6%`ri (fggkwwkb Ft|ao 6

27A%I% Oksaw/ If||afck feb r`k Mfiaoq ae Eh|r`k|e Whifoaofeb/ (Nfitfof: Kfwr Fm|agfe Aewrar{rk hm

Whgafo \kwkf|g`/ 61=

A%I% Oksaw/ 0%


14/27

samk |kgka}kw m|hi `k| `{wlfeb f `hik/ l{r r`k ma|wr samk ba|kgrw foo fwtkgrw hm r`k thoqcqeh{w

mfiaoq%2=

Whifoa shike nkkt foo efrfo gofe fmmaoafrahew feb bh ehr/ oank Skwrk|e g{or{|k/ rfnk r`k

w{|efik hm r`k `{wlfeb fw r`ka| hse%23

He r`k hr`k| `feb/ r`k gàob|ke t|hb{gkb ae r`k {eahe

gf||q r`k ma|wr efik hm r`k mfr`k| fw r`ka| w{|efik%20 R`k tfr|aoaekfo efik ca}ke rh r`k bf{c`rk|/

fw `k| w{|efik/ gfeehr lk ohwr lkgf{wk w`k i{wr |krfae `k| fcefrag gofe |kofrahewàt% R`k

waceamagfegk hm ràw r|fbarahe ghikw rh r`k mh|km|her s`ke ar aw {ebk|wrhhb r`fr lkgf{wk r`k

`{wlfeb bhkw ehr ekgkwwf|aoq rfnk m{oo |kwthewalaoarq mh| r`k samkw skoo lkaec% T|aif|aoq r`k

samkwsa}kw ohqforq(akw! oak sar` `k| tfr|aoaekfo oaekfck feb ehr `k| `{wlfeb% Ba}h|gk aw ghiihe

fihec Whifoaw (rqtagfooq aewracfrkb lq r`k `{wlfeb!/ r`{w/ ifaerfaeaec r`k tfr|aoaekfo

|kofrahewàt aw hm {rihwr aith|rfegk rh r`k mkifok% R`k ok}a|frk t|k}faow21

ae r`k gfwk hm

sabhsw ae ihwr Whifoa gofew%

Fe aer|aewag oaen kpawrw lkrskke r`k àwrh|q hm Whifoaf feb àwrh|q hm Awofi% Bff|hhb feb

Awffv/ mh| s`hi rsh Whifoa ehlok mfiaoq gofew f|k efikb/ f|k lkoak}kb rh `f}k l|h{c`r r`k

Awofiag mfar` rh Whifoaf%;4 I{g` bklfrk flh{r r`k }k|fgarq hm r`kwk gofai kpawrw% Oksaw/ `hsk}k|/

f|c{kw r`fr Awofi ifbk arw fttkf|fegk ae Whifoa w`h|roq fmrk| @aj|f` feb ker|keg`kb arwkom ae

r`k ohgfo ofebwgftk lq r`k 1r`

h| 64r`

Gker{|q L%G%;6

R`k àwrh|agfo r|fjkgrh|q sh{ob gh||kofrk rh

r`k h}k|foo fggh{er hm r`k wt|kfb hm Awofi aerh r`k @h|e hm Fm|agf% Whifoaw/ lq feb of|ck/ t|fgragk

W{mawi% Gofwwag W{mawi lkoak}kw aeraifrk |kofrahewàt sar`Foof` gfe lk hlrfaekb lkmh|k hek bakw%

2;

A%I% Oksaw/ F Tfwrh|fo Bkihg|fgq: F Wr{bq hm Tfwrh|foawi feb Thoaragw Fihec r`k Eh|r`k|e Whifoa hmr`k @h|e hm Fm|agf/ (Eks Qh|n: Aerk|efrahefo Fm|agfe Aewrar{rk lq Hpmh|b [ea}k|warq T|kww/ 61=6!/ =3%

2=Oksaw/F Tfwrh|fo Bkihg|fgq/ =3%

23Keckl|acwrke/ 37=%

20Oksaw/If||afck feb Mfiaoq/ 0%

21Ekooh T{ggahea/ Fer`|hthohcq feb Krèhc|ft`q hm r`k Tkhtokw hm Whifoaf/ (Lhohcef: Eaghof

Zfeag`kooa/ 617=!/ 63


15/27

Aeraifgq sar` Chb/ mh| r`k W{ma/ ghikw lq mhoohsaec rf|avf` (r`k tfr`!% R`k bawgatoaekw t|fgragkb

fohec rf|avf` }f|q l{r r`k |kw{or w`h{ob lk if|amf/ h| flwh|trahe aerh Chb%;


16/27

{erao 61=4 s`ke lhr` L|araw` feb Arfoafe Whifoaofeb hlrfae aebktkebkegk feb mh|i r`k [earkb

\kt{loag hm Whifoaofeb%

R`k [earkb \kt{loag ofwrkb okww r`fe f bkgfbk feb `kob heoq rsh m|kk kokgrahew% Ae 61=1

Ifjh| Ckek|fo Ih`fikb Wafb Lf||k c|fwtkb thsk| fmrk| r`k 61=0 fwwfwwaefrahe hm T|kwabker

Flba \fwàb Foa W`k|if|nk% Wafbw ekf|oq rsh bkgfbkw hm okfbk|wàt l|h{c`r lh|bk| wna|iaw`kw

sar` feb r`k k}ker{fo ae}fwahe hm Kràhtaf/ ikilk|wàt ae r`k F|fl Okfc{k feb f w`h|r)oa}kb

tf|rek|wàt sar` r`k Wh}akr [eahe% Wafbw okfbk|wàt g|kfrkb w{g` ba}awahe fihec r`k tkhtok r`fr

sf| l|hnk h{r fihec ifeq gofe mfiaoakw ae r`k eh|r`k|e |kcahe hm Whifoaf% R`k gofe sf|w lkcfe

f ohec àwrh|q hm tkhtok ih}kiker fihec Whifoaw%

Lq 6114 r`k Whifoaw `fb lkke t{w`kb h{r hm Kràhtaf feb rakw rh r`k Wh}akr [eahe `fb

l|hnke% R`k [earkb Wrfrkw sfw lkghiaec aeg|kfwaecoq ae}ho}kb ae Whifoaf fw f w{ttoak| hm

skfthew% Ae 6116 Wafb sfw |kih}kb m|hi thsk| lq kekiq gofew feb mh|gkb rh mokk Whifoaf%

Wafbw |kih}fo feb r`k kew{aec gofe sf|w r`|ks r`k gh{er|q aerh flwho{rk g`fhw% R`k [earkb

Wrfrkw ([%W%! wtkf|`kfbkb f [earkb Efrahew ([%E%! tkfgknkktaec iawwahe rh Whifoaf% R`k chfo

sfw rh |kwrh|k tkfgk feb t|h}abk `{ifearf|afe fwwawrfegk% R`k iawwahe sfw whiks`fr w{ggkwwm{o

ae bawr|al{raec mhhb feb t|h}abaec mh| `{ife ekkbw% \kwrh|aec tkfgk rh r`k gh{er|q `fb }k|q oarrok

w{ggkww% Sàok frrkitraec rh gftr{|k àc` }fo{k rf|ckrw ae Ihcfbaw`{ rsh [%W% `koaghtrk|w sk|k

w`hr bhse feb ifeq [%W% whobak|w sk|k naookb frrkitraec rh |kwg{k r`k g|ksw% K}ker{fooq r`k

[%W% feb [%E sar`b|fs m|hi Whifoaf okf}aec ar sar`h{r f gker|foazkb ch}k|eiker feb wraoo ae

g`fhw% Rh ràw bfq ae Whifoaf `fw |kghceazkb gker|fo ch}k|eiker feb r`k gh{er|q |kifaew

ba}abkb {ebk| r`k gher|ho hm }f|ah{w gofe sf|oh|bw%

R`k ofgn hm f gker|fo ch}k|eiker foohskb mh| f |awk hm Awofiag aerk|kwrw% Ae fe frrkitr rh

kwrfloaw` h|bk| ae r`k gh{er|q Awofiag okfbk|w mh|ikb r`k Awofiag Gh{|rw [eahe% R`k chfo hm r`k


17/27

gh{|rw sfw rh l|aec h|bk| lq kemh|gaec W`f|af ofs% @hsk}k|/ r`k Awofiag Gh{|rw [eahe fowh `fb

f iaoarf|q saec gfookb Fo)W`flffl% Ae

Rh ghith{eb r`k fo|kfbq r{|l{oker r|h{lokw hm Whifoaf/ r`k sh|wr b|h{c`r ae ekf|oq wap

bkgfbkw l|h{c`r m{|r`k| bk}fwrfrahe% G|htw mfaokb feb tkhtok lkcfe rh bak hm wrf|}frahe% H{rwabk

c|h{tw frrkitrkb rh l|aec ae `{ifearf|afe fab l{r r`k Fo)W`flffl w{ggkwwm{ooq lohgnkb r`kwk

c|h{tw m|hi bkoa}k|aec i{g` ekkbkb mhhb feb sfrk|% R`h{wfebw hm tkhtok lkcfe rh mokk r`k

gh{er|q rh |km{ckk gfitw ae Nkeqf feb Kràhtaf sàok hr`k| |km{ckkw mokb aerh Fo)W`flffl

gher|hookb Ihcfbaw`{ feb arw |km{ckk gfitw% Ifeq hm r`kwk |km{ckkw sk|k c|ferkb fggkww rh

i{oratok gh{er|akw g|kfraec f |kgker bafwth|f% R`k |kgker bawtk|wahe bhkw ehr ghewrar{rk r`k ma|wr

iac|frahe hm tkhtok c|h{tw fsfq m|hi Whifoaf/ `hsk}k|%

C{ebko t|kwkerw mh{| thaerw ae àwrh|q s`k|k Whifoaw sk|k bawtk|wkb m|hi r`ka|

`hikofeb%;7

B{|aec r`k L|araw` feb Arfoafe ghoheafo tk|ahb ifeq Whifoaw sk|k c|ferkb |kwabkegk

ae r`k [earkb Naecbhi% Ràw bawtk|wahe ghewawrkb t|aif|aoq hm tkhtok ae}ho}kb ae r`k Ik|g`fer

Ef}q feb wkrrokb ae r`k ghfwrfo f|kfw hm Kecofeb%;2

G{||ker kwraifrkw tofgk r`k bafwth|f Whifoa

;7C{ebko/ R`k Iac|frahe)Bk}kohtiker Ekp{w/


18/27

tht{ofrahe ae r`k [%N% fr flh{r


19/27

bawg|ktfegq bk|a}kw m|hi Whifoa mkf|w feb mo{abarq%=4

Rqtagfooq i{oratok Whifoa mfiaoakw ifq

oa}k ae hek bhiagaok feb mkf| lkaec k}agrkb am r`ka| r|{k e{ilk|w f|k |kth|rkb%=6Bafwth|f Whifoaw

fowh rkeb rh |kohgfrk m|kv{keroq mh| kghehiag |kfwhew ifnaec ar `f|b rh r|fgn r`ka| kpfgr

e{ilk|w%=

ma|wr/ ofec{fck feb kb{gfrahe> wkgheb/ g{or{|k feb |koacahe> rà|b/ fmmh|bflok `h{waec feb l{waekww

bk}kohtiker> ofwr/ ghitokp ga|g{iwrfegkw (a%k% thwr 166 t|kj{bagk fcfaewr I{woaiw!%=2

R`kwk

gfrkch|akw |kt|kwker sabk |feckw hm aww{kw mh| Whifoaw frrkitraec rh aerkc|frk aerh r`ka| `hwr

g{or{|k% Whik waitoq g`hhwk rh ifaerfae r`ka| lh{ebf|akw feb |kwawr fwwaiaofrahe sàok hr`k|w r|q

rh maeb f lfofegk lkrskke r`ka| r|fbarahew feb r`ka| g{||ker war{frahe% Fw wrfrkb kf|oak|/ f of|ck

tht{ofrahe hmbafwth|f Whifoaw `f}k wkrrokb ae Gho{il{w/ Hàh%=;

R`kwk bafwth|f Whifoa wkrrok|w ae Gho{il{w f|k wkgheb iac|frahe bafwth|f% Wkgheb

iac|frahe `fttkew s`ke kf|oq wkrrok|w ae hek ohgfrahe (k%c% Sfwàecrhe B%G% h| ]a|caeaf! ih}k

rh fehr`k| ohgfrahe b{k rh kghehiag h| hr`k| |kfwhew% Hrawh feb Wiar` lkoak}k r`k aemo{p hm

wkgheb iac|frahe Whifoaw ae Gho{il{w |kwrw he rsh ifae whgah)kghehiag mfgrh|w%==

R`k ma|wr

|kfwhe wrkiw m|hi f ohs [%W% la|r` |frk |kw{oraec ae mksk| efra}k lh|e tkhtok rh tht{ofrk r`k

sh|n mh|gk/ kwtkgafooq ae {|lfe gkerk|w%=3

R`k wkgheb frr|fgrahe rh Gho{il{w oakw ae arw

w{lwrferafo kghehiag c|hsr` ae r`k wk|}agk wkgrh|% Hrawh feb Wiar` tfaer f mf}h|flok tagr{|k hm

aiiac|frahe aerh Gho{il{w w`hsaec ar rh lk ekgkwwf|q ae r`k of|ck| kghehiag wg`kik%=0

R`h{c`

r`k t|k}ah{w wr{bq wtkfnw rh f thwara}k ftt|hfg` rh Whifoa iac|frahe/ r`k ghiihe t|hlokiw

oawrkb lq Iarg`koo wraoo f|awk fihec bafwth|f Whifoaw ae Gho{il{w%

=2Iarg`koo/


21/27

F wr{bker c|h{t mh|ikb fr r`k H`ah Wrfrk [ea}k|warq gfookb Wr{bkerw mh| Ghii{earq

G{or{|fo Fsf|kekww (WGGF! wkknw rh |fawk fsf|kekww hm aiiac|fer ghii{earakw ae r`k

Gho{il{w f|kf% R`k WGGF |kwkf|g` |kcf|baec Whifoaw ae Gho{il{w gh||kofrkw sar` Iarg`koow

gfrkch|akw% @hsk}k|/ r`k WGGF oawrw bafwth|f fw lkaec f ifjh| aww{k mfgkb lq r`k Whifoaw%=1

R`k

c|h{t wkkiw rh aemk| r`fr wkgheb iac|frahe ia||h|w r`k g`f|fgrk|awragw hmbafwth|f b{k rh mh|gkb

|kih}fo lfwkb he kghehiag w{|}a}fo% R`k WGGF wkknw rh kecfck r`k f|kfw kb{gfrahe/ `kfor` gf|k

feb garq fbftrfrahe (a%k% `hs r`k garq }aksw r`k aemo{p hmbafwth|f Whifoaw lhr` thwara}koq feb

ekcfra}koq!%34

Hr`k| |kcahew hm r`k [earkb Wrfrkw `f}k fowh wkke |kofra}koq of|ck e{ilk|w hm Whifoa

wkrrok|w r`|h{c` wkgheb iac|frahe% Of|ck e{ilk|w hm Whifoaw |kohgfrkb rh }f|ah{w tf|rw hm r`k

[%W% m|hi kf|oq


22/27

r`kwk tf|rek|wàtw f|k lkaec w{wrfaekb ifq `kot hr`k| garakw ifefck bafwth|f c|h{tw f||a}aec ae

r`k [%W% feb mh| g`{|g` okfbk|w sawàec rh wr|frkcagfooq kecfck bafwth|f%

Wr|frkcq Mh|ifrahe: Kecfcaec Bafwth|f Whifoaw%

Fr ràw thaer rkitrfrahe rh h{roaek i{oratok t|hc|fi aearafra}kw rh ikkr r`k g`fookeckw hm

bafwth|f Whifoaw iac`r wkki ftt|ht|afrk% Eh hek sh{ob f|c{k fcfaewr r`k }fo{k hm Kecoaw` fw

Wkgheb Ofec{fck gofwwkw rh `kot Whifoaw fbj{wr rh r`k [%W% Gk|rfaeoq Whifoaw gh{ob lk kecfckb

r`|h{c` whgafo wk|}agkw kithsk|aec r`ki rh {raoazk f}faoflok ch}k|eikerfo |kwh{|gkw% G`{|g`

okfbk|w/ `hsk}k|/ ekkb rh }aks r`k ekgkwwarq hm kecfcaec bafwth|f Whifoaw m|hi f àc`k| }aks

lkmh|k b|aooaec bhse rh wtkgamag t|hc|fiw% Ràw tftk| saoo b|fs he r`k sh|n hm \febq Iarg`koo

rh àcòac`r h}k|f|gàec r`kikw r`fr i{wr lk c|fwtkb lkmh|k aitokikeraec aearafra}kw sar` r`k

chfo hm kecfcaec bafwth|f Whifoaw sar` r`k chwtko%

Ohgfo G`{|g`kw feb Ohgfo Ghew{orfrahew%37

Kwwkerafo rh r`k rfwn hm |kfgàec bafwth|f Whifoaw sar` r`k chwtko hm Jkw{w G`|awr `fw

lkke feb saoo |kifae r`k ohgfo g`{|g`% R`h{c` ar sh{ob wk|}k bkehiaefrahew rh g|kfrk saràe

r`ka| iawwahe wr|{gr{|kw f Bafwth|f Iaeawr|akw Makob/32

r`k |kfo sh|n hm gherkpr{foazfrahe feb

kecfckiker i{wr lk bhek he f ohgfo ok}ko% Ràw bhkw/ `hsk}k|/ t|kwker f i{orar{bk hm g`fookeckw

rh f ohgfo fwwkiloq% Hek {emh|r{efrk g`fookeck ghikw ae r`k mh|i hm t|kj{bagkw kpawraec ae ifeq

ohgfo G`|awrafe ghii{earakw rhsf|b bafwth|f Whifoaw% T|kj{bagk i{wr lk mfgkb `kfb he r`|h{c`

ghew{orfrahew wkknaec rh kb{gfrk ohgfo g`{|g` okfbk|w feb ikilk|w flh{r bafwth|f feb `hs Chb

ifq lk {waec r|fewefrahefo ih}kikerw rh htke bhh|w rh fgghitoaw` r`k C|kfr Ghiiawwahe%

M{|r`k| kb{gfrahe flh{r r`k g{or{|k/ sh|ob}aks/ feb aww{kw mfgaec bafwth|f Whifoaw ifq wk|}k rh

37Iarg`koo/ 74;)74=%

32R`k Of{wfeek Cohlfo Ghe}k|wfrahe/ Gf|hoqe Nkit: G`fecaec rh lk Wr|frkcag/

`rrt:ghe}k|wfrahe%of{wfeek%h|cke|kwh{|gkwbkrfao6


23/27

kithsk| ohgfo fwwkiloakw rh kmmkgra}koq kecfck r`ki sar` r`k chhb eksw% Ar ifq fowh `kot rh

ghilfr r`k rkebkegq hm Fik|agfew rhsf|b krèhgker|ag ihehg{or{|foawi wh r`fr g|kfra}k

wr|frkcakw hm i{ora)g{or{|fo kecfckiker gfe lk ghewr|{grkb%

Gherae{kb/ Mk|}ker/ @kf|rmkor T|fqk|w3;

Nehsokbck hm fe aww{k/ r`h{c` aith|rfer/ `fw rh ih}k m|hi r`k iaeb rh r`k wta|ar% R`k|k

`fw rh lk f bafwth|f hm r`k `kf|r% Ràw rqtk hm ih}kiker heoq `fttkew s`ke r`k ohgfo lhbq

feb arw ikilk|w t|fq% T|fqk| ehr heoq g|kfrkw wtfgk mh| `kf|r g`feck feb l{|bke bk}kohtiker

l{r ar fowh l{aobw mfar` ae r`k lkoak}k|% If|n @f{wmkob gherkebw r`fr fb`k|kerw rh Awofi/ oank

Whifoaw/ i{wr lk kecfckb r`|h{c` r`k ia|fg{oh{w thsk| hm Chb%

3=

Mk|}ker t|fqk| feb r`k

ia|fg{oh{w f|k aer|aewagfooq |kofrkb rh kfg` hr`k|%Bafwth|f Whifoaw/ fggh|baec rh r`ka| Awofiag

lkoakm/ `hob t|fqk| ae àc` |kcf|b% G`|awrafew kecfcaec I{woaiw sar`h{r tofgaec t|ah|arq he

tk|whefo thsk|m{o t|fqk| ifnk rsh ifjh| iawrfnkw% Ma|wr/ r`kq g|kfrk bawrfegk lkrskke

r`kiwko}kw feb bk}h{r I{woaiw lq bkihewr|fraec f thh| kpfitok hm bk}hrahe rh G`|awr%

Wkgheboq/ ekcokgraec t|fqk| bawgheekgrw r`k aeba}ab{fo G`|awrafe m|hi r`k ekgkwwf|q wta|ar{fo

bawgk|eiker |kv{a|kb rh kmmkgra}koq kecfck r`k tkhtok hm Awofi%

Aerkerahefooq L{aobaec G|hww)G{or{|fo \kofrahewàtw33

Kithsk|kb lq t|fqk| feb kv{attkb sar` g{or{|fo {ebk|wrfebaec G`|awrafew gfe ch flh{r

r`k l{waekww hm aerkerahefooq kecfcaec Whifoaw% Ràw bhkw ehr ikfe fe aiikbafrk t|kwkerfrahe hm

r`k chhb eksw hm Jkw{w G`|awr/ `hsk}k|% Ar bhkw ikfe r`k G`|awrafe kerk|w aerh r`k Whifoa

ghii{earq rh l{aob m|akebwàtw r`fr saoo/ h}k| raik/ g|kfrk htth|r{earakw rh w`f|k Jkw{w G`|awr%

R`k nkq sh|b tfrakegk i{wr |kifae ae r`k mh|km|her hm r`k G`|awrafe iaeb% Tfrakegk ae t|fqk|/

3;Iarg`koo/ 743%

3=@f{wmkob/


24/27

tfrakegk ae {ebk|wrfebaec r`k e{fegkw hmbafwth|f g{or{|k feb tfrakegk ae bawgk|eaec htke bhh|w

mh| r`k chwtko i{wr lk t|fgragkb%


25/27

Laloahc|ft`q

Lo{k Okrrk| Lalok% ,Bagrahef|q feb Sh|b Wkf|g` mh|t{srw (Wr|hec#w =7Fik|agf/Jh{|efo hm Kr`eag feb Iac|frahe Wr{bakw/ ]ho% 7


26/27

XXXXXXXXXXXX% F Tfwrh|fo Bkihg|fgq: F Wr{bq hm Tfwrh|foawi feb Thoaragw Fihec r`k

Eh|r`k|e Whifoa hm r`k @h|e hm Fm|agf% Eks Qh|n: Aerk|efrahefo Fm|agfe Aewrar{rk lq

Hpmh|b [ea}k|warq T|kww/ 61=6%

XXXXXXXXXXXX% W{mawi ae Whifoaofeb: f wr{bq ae r|alfo Awofi% Ohebhe: R`k Wg`hho/ 61;=%

O{oaec/ ]a|caeaf% Ckekfohcq fw R`kh|q/ Ckekfohcq fw Rhho: Fwtkgrw hm Whifoa Gofew`at/

Whgafo Abkerarakw/ ]ho% 6


27/27

Wferhw/ Ef||q%Kptoh|aec r`k Ifjh| Bawtk|wahe Rk|iw feb \kfoarakw ae r`k Lalok/ kb% Kehg` Sfe

Th|rofeb: Skwrk|e Wkiaef|q/

Sfe/ Kehg`%Bafg`|heag H}k|}aks hm G`|awrafe Iawwahew rh Bafwth|f C|h{tw/ kb% Kehg` Sfe

Th|rofeb: Skwrk|e Wkiaef|q/

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