Diana Korka Economic Affairs Officer, ICT Policy Section UNCTAD

UNESCAP Regional Consultation on e-Commerce for Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific

Bangkok, 30 October 2017

Information Economy Report 2017 Can be downloaded free of charge at unctad.org/ier

On the cusp of a new digital economy

Digital economy is evolving fast…

Sources: UNCTAD, Cisco, ITU

Developing economies accounted for nearly 90% of the 750 million people that went online for the first time 2012-2015, India (177 m) China (122m).

But at different speeds and there are gaps …

Sources: UNCTAD, ITU

555 666 780 894 1,006 1,106 1,199 11% 13%

15% 17%

19% 20%

22%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Online shoppers (m) % of individuals (Age 15+)

Source: UNCTAD.

Global estimate of the number of online shoppers

Source: UNCTAD.

The e-commerce divide is huge

E-commerce readiness Based on UNCTAD B2C E-commerce Index 2017

Source: UNCTAD.

Both opportunities and risks for developing countries

Boost international support To prevent widening digital divides and greater income inequalities, the international community will need to expand its support on a massive scale.

Source: WTO

Major E-commerce Markets 2015: Top 10

Total B2B B2C

Economy $ billion % of GDP $ billion % of all e-commerce $ billion

1 United States 7 055 39% 6 443 91% 612

2 Japan 2 495 60% 2 382 96% 114

3 China 1 991 18% 1 374 69% 617

4 Korea (Rep.) 1 161 84% 1 113 96% 48

5 Germany (2014) 1 037 27% 944 91% 93

6 United Kingdom 845 30% 645 76% 200

7 France (2014) 661 23% 588 89% 73

8 Canada (2014) 470 26% 422 90% 48

9 Spain 242 20% 217 90% 25

10 Australia 216 16% 188 87% 28

10 above 16 174 34% 14 317 89% 1 857

World 25 293 22 389 2 904

Note: Figures in italics are estimates. Missing data were estimated based on average ratios. Converted to $ using annual average exchange rate. Source: UNCTAD, adapted from US Census Bureau; Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; China Bureau of Statistics; KOSTAT (Republic of Korea); EUROSTAT (for Germany); UK Office of National Statistics; INSEE (France); Statistics Canada; Australian Bureau of Statistics and INE (Spain).

UNCTAD-TFITS Measuring International Trade in ICT-enabled Services

• Definition and methodology: UNCTAD Technical Note on International Trade in ICT Services and ICT-enabled Services: (TN/UNCTAD/ICT4D/03) www.unctad.org/ict4d/technicalnotes

• United Nations Statistical Commission adopted definition, 47th session (March 2016)

• Model survey questionnaire

oComments received and integrated: WTO, OECD, IMF, Costa Rica, India, Thailand, Egypt

• Survey implementation in Costa Rica, India and Thailand in 2017

• UNCTAD Expert meeting to discuss results and lessons learned (28-29 November 2017)

ICT-enabled Services: Delivered Digitally • 1st step: look at existing measurement frameworks and define the types of

services that can be ICT-enabled >>> a CPC Ver.2.1 taxonomy of such services >>> list of "potential ICT-enabled services"

o ICT-enabled services = services with outputs that can be delivered remotely over ICT networks

o Exclude transport services (involve manipulation or transport of people, physical objects, material, or electricity)

o Exclude on-site or in-person services (require on-site or personal delivery)

• 2nd step: it matters how these services are actually delivered >>> need to build in another type of survey question by mode of delivery >>> same as the discussion on WTO GATS modes of supply >>> "actual ICT-enabled services"

o EBOPS 2010 not amenable for identifying actual ICT-enabled services

• Focus on exports of services, as smaller population of firms to survey

Making e-commerce assistance fit for purpose: the eTrade for All initiative • Public & private partnership aiming at:

• raising awareness of countries' unique e-commerce opportunities, challenges and

constraints in a holistic way;

• mobilizing and rationalizing available financial and human resources for the implementation of priority projects; and

• strengthening coherence and synergies among partners to facilitate e-commerce development in developing countries.

eTrade for All is connecting

partners and beneficiaries

for greater, faster & more sustainable e-commerce gains

7 policy

areas

25 partners

193 potential

beneficiaries

1 platform

30 private

sector

contributors

• E-commerce readiness assessment and strategy formulation

• ICT infrastructure and services

• Payment solutions

• Trade logistics and trade facilitation

• Legal and regulatory frameworks

• E-commerce skills development

• Access to financing

eTrade for All is connecting

partners and beneficiaries

for greater, faster & more sustainable e-commerce gains

• African Development Bank

• Economic Commission for Africa

• Economic Commission for Latin America and the

Caribbean

• Enhanced Integrated Framework

• E-Residency (Estonia)

• Inter-American Development Bank

• International Association of Prosecutors

• International Civil Aviation Organization

• International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation

• International Telecommunications Union

• International Trade Centre

• Internet Society

• United Nations Commission on Trade Law

• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

• United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

• United Nations Commission for Latin America and the

Carribean

• United Nations Economic and Social Commission for

Asia and the Pacific

• United Nations Economic Commission for Western

Africa

• United Nations Social Impact Fund

• Universal Postal Union

• World Bank Group

• World Customs Organization

• World Trade Organization

7 policy

areas

25 partners

193 potential

beneficiaries

1 platform

30 private

sector

contributors

eTrade for All is connecting

partners and beneficiaries

for greater, faster & more sustainable e-commerce gains

7 policy

areas

25 partners

193 potential

beneficiaries

1 platform

30 private

sector

contributors

• African Alliance for E-commerce

• Alibaba

• Bangladesh Association of Software and Information

Services

• Bizisol

• Burundishop

• DHL

• eBay

• einstituto.org

• Etsy

• Fedex

• Fiata.com

• First Atlantic Commerce

• Google

• Huawei

• Impact Enterprises

• International Council of Swedish Industry

• Kapruka and Grasshopper

• King and Spalding

• Latin American eCommerce Institute

• Nextrade Group

• PayPal

• RingierAfrica

• TCS Express & Logistics

• UPS

• vTex

• World Information Technology and Services Alliance

• World SME Forum

eTrade for All is connecting

partners and beneficiaries

for greater, faster & more sustainable e-commerce gains

7 policy

areas

25 partners

193 potential

beneficiaries

1 platform

30 private

sector

contributors

https://etradeforall.org/

- launched in April 2017 -

eT4a country profiles

Data compiled by the World Bank, presented by

UNCTAD in a simple, user-friendly factsheet

Available online at:

https://etradeforall.org/ressources/data-indicators/

DATA SOURCES:

-ITU, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators

database

-UNCTAD, UNCTADStat

-UPU, Postal Statistics

-World Bank, E-trade Indicators

-WEF, Networked Readiness Index

• E-COMMERCE WEEK 2018

• 16-20 APRIL 2018 - PALAIS DES NATIONS - GENEVA

• 2nd session of the UNCTAD Intergovernmental Group of Experts on E-commerce & the Digital Economy

Save the date!

Key facts

More than 1'000 participants in 2017

5 day-event including a 3-day dedicated meeting of experts (IGE 2018) on leveraging platforms and digital entrepreneurship for development

1 high-level conversation, eTrade for all private partners meeting, networking opportunities … and much more…

www.etradeforall.org