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DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES. Digestive System. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures. Abdominal ultrasound - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS
AND PROCEDURES
Digestive System
2
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
• Abdominal ultrasound– High-frequency sound waves to provide visualization of
the internal organs of the abdomen (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, and ureters)
• Abdominocentesis (Paracentesis)– Insertion of a needle or trochar into abdominal cavity to
remove excess fluid• Person is in a sitting position
3
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)– Hepatocellular enzyme released in elevated
amounts due to liver dysfunction– Also known as serum glutamic pyruvic
transaminase (SGPT)
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
4
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
• Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)– Enzyme found in highest concentrations in
liver, biliary tract, and bone• Amylase
– Enzyme secreted normally from pancreatic cells that travels to the duodenum by way of pancreatic duct
– Aids in digestion
5
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
• Appendectomy– Surgical removal of an inflamed appendix– May be removed via laparoscope if no rupture
has occurred
6
• Barium Enema (BE)– Infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium,
barium sulfate, into the rectum and held in the lower intestinal tract while x-ray films are obtained of the lower GI tract
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
7
• Barium Swallow (Upper GI Series)– Involves oral administration of a radiopaque
contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows into the esophagus as the person swallows
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
8
• Cheiloplasty– Surgically correcting a defect of the lip
• Cholecystectomy– Surgical removal of the gallbladder
• Cholecystography (Oral)– Visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray
following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye
Diagnostic Techniques,Treatments, and Procedures
9
• Colonoscopy– Visualization of the lining of the large intestine
using a fiberoptic colonoscope• Colostomy
– Surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled, by bringing the incised colon out to the abdominal surface• Abdominal-wall anus
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
10
• CT of the abdomen– Painless, noninvasive x-ray procedure– Produces an image created by the computer
representing a detailed cross section of the tissue structure within the abdomen
– Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
11
• Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography– Examines the size of and filling of the
pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization with a fiberoptic endoscope
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
12
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)– Process of direct visualization of the
esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted, fiberoptic endoscope• Also known as an upper endoscopy
13
• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)– Alternative treatment for gallstones by using
ultrasound to align the computerized lithotripter and source of shock waves with the stones
– To crush the gallstones and thus enable the contraction of the gallbladder to remove stone fragments
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
14
• Fluoroscopy– Radiological technique used to examine the
function of an organ or a body part using a fluoroscope
• Gastric analysis– Study of the stomach contents to determine
the acid content and to detect the presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and abnormal cells
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
15
• Gastric Lavage– Irrigation, or washing out, of the stomach
with sterile water or a saline solution
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
16
• Herniorrhaphy– Surgical repair of a hernia by closing the
defect using sutures, mesh, or wire• Liver biopsy
– Piece of liver tissue obtained for examination by inserting a specially designed needle into the liver through the abdominal wall
Diagnostic Techniques,Treatments, and Procedures
17
• Liver scan– Noninvasive scanning technique– Enables visualization of shape, size, and
consistency of liver after IV injection of a radioactive compound
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)– Noninvasive scanning procedure that provides
visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
18
• Nasogastric intubation– Placement of a tube through the nose into the
stomach – To relieve gastric distension by removing
gastric secretions, gas, or food
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
19
• Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) or (PTHC)– Examination of bile duct structure using a
needle to pass directly into an intrahepatic bile duct to inject a contrast medium
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
20
• Serum Bilirubin– Measurement of bilirubin level in serum
• Serum bilirubin levels are a result of the breakdown of red blood cells
• Serum Glutamic-oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT)– Enzyme that has very high concentrations in
liver cells• Also known as aspartate aminotransferase (AT)
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
21
• Small bowel follow-through– Oral administration of a radiopaque contrast
medium, barium sulfate– Flows through the GI system– X-ray films are obtained at timed intervals to
observe the progression of the barium through the small intestine
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
22
• Stool analysis for occult blood– Analysis of a stool sample to determine
presence of blood not visible to naked eye• Stool culture
– Collection of a stool specimen placed on one or more culture mediums
– Allowed to grow colonies of microorganisms to identify specific pathogen(s)
Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures
23
• Stool Guaiac– Test on a stool specimen using guaiac as a
reagent– Identifies presence of blood in stool
• Urinary Bilirubin– Tests for conjugated or direct bilirubin in a
urine specimen
Diagnostic Techniques,Treatments, and Procedures