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What makes you an indiviual?
Diagnosis…
How have we done it in the past? What factors were considered?
How do we do it now? What factors are considered?
How should we do it in the future? What factors should we consider?
Psychological Disorders—Objective #5
Identify the positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels.
4 I can do all of the below and predict future social consequences of diagnostic labels
3 I can identify the positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels with scientific evidence
2 I can describe diagnostic labels but have difficulty outlining the positive and negative consequences of labels beyond my own assumptions
1 I do not know what diagnostic labels are
0 I do not even know how to begin to demonstrate that I know this
Define ‘abnormal’
2 minutes
Defining abnormal
1) Deviant
2) Distressful
3) Dysfunctional
Patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
Categorize your definition of abnormal according to the psychological definition discussed.
What was the same and what was different?
Rosenhan Study
GOAL: Identify positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels
Close reading—circle most important word, underline most important sentence, list reviewed concepts1. Socrative Quiz –Room = C-217
2. Write 6-7 sentence summary of Rosenhan’s study
3. Outline positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels
4. Reflect on the stigma of labels and changes in your understanding of psychological disorders
Psychological Disorders—Objective #5
Identify the positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels.
4 I can do all of the below and predict future social consequences of diagnostic labels
3 I can identify the positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels with scientific evidence
2 I can describe diagnostic labels but have difficulty outlining the positive and negative consequences of labels beyond my own assumptions
1 I do not know what diagnostic labels are
0 I do not even know how to begin to demonstrate that I know this
Psychological Disorders and
Treatment
BEWARE OF SELF-DIAGNOSIS!
SAD
Dissociative Fugue
Disorders in pop-culture
As Good as it Gets
Always Sunny
Copycat
What about Bob
Diagnosis
DSM V—Table of Contents To be turned in…
1) What do you KNOW about psychological disorders?
2) What do you WANT to know?
3) Study DSM V Table of Contents handout
4) What information have you LEARNED from this document? Surprises? Additional Questions?
5) Use this opportunity to share concerns you might have regarding class discussions in this unit.
Understanding disorders &
perspectives Medical Model—approaching
abnormal psychology as a disease that has symptoms, and can be diagnosed and treated…similar to the flu, cancer, etc…
Psychoanalytic Model—disorders are expressions of internal (unconscious) conflict
Cognitive-Behavioral Model—disorders are the development of learning maladaptive behaviors or thoughts…which can be unlearned.
Integrated Models
Diathesis-stress model—suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
Systems approach—(biopsychosocial) suggests that disorders are lifestyle diseases—reduces the emphasis on predisposition
Terms to know…
Etiology—cause
Comorbidity— co-occurence of two or more disorders in a singe individual
Insanity—legal not medical
Controversial Topics in Abnormal
Psychology
Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology
Multiple Personality Disorder (DID)
Constructed memories
Exists primarily in the US
Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
The Purple Heart is not given to soldiers diagnosed with PTSD because it is not a physical wound.
Which diagnostic model would most likely disagree with this practice?
Psychological stigma
Why so prevalent now? Diagnostic model
explanations?
Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology
Cultural/Gender Bias in diagnosis
ADHD/ODD
Histrionic Personality Disorder—attention seeking, provocative, heightened sexual activity
Major Categories of Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
GAD
Phobias
Panic disorders
OCD
Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder
Mania and depressed states
Treated with lithium Virginia Woolf, Winston
Churchill, Ernest Hemmingway, Teddy Roosevelt
Depressive Disorders Major Depressive
Disorder SAD “learned helplessness
theory”
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia—loss of memory of significant personal information
Dissociative Fugue—loss of memory of one’s personal history along with an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity
Developmental Disorders
ADHD
Conduct Disorders (ODD)
Learning Disorders
Communication Disorders Speech/Language
ASD—impairment in communication and social interaction
Personality Disorders
Odd/Eccentric Schizotypal, Paranoid,
Schizoid
Dramatic/erratic— antisocial, borderline,
histrionic, narcissistic
Anxious/inhibited— avoidant or dependant
personality disorders
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia
One of the most devastating and mystifying of the mental disorders
Occurs in roughly 1% of the population
Effects men slightly more than women
Late onset disorder Diathesis-stress model
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Delusion—false belief, often bizarre, grandiose, and/or persecution.
Hallucination—false perceptual experience (i.e., hearing voices
Disorganized speech—severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently
Grossly disorganized behavior—behavior that is inappropriate for the situation
Negative Symptoms—emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, etc…aka, and absence of certain normal behavior or motivation
Types of Schizophrenia
characterized by absurd illogical delusions, vivid hallucinations, resulting in poor judgment and dangerous behaviors
Emotional distortion typically manifested in inappropriate laughter, peculiar mannerisms, bizarre often obscene behavior.
“A Beautiful Mind” John Nash
Biological Factors
Dopamine hypothesis
Strong genetic component
Treated with dopamine blocking medication—antipsychotics
2 to 3 times more likely to smoke—self medicating? Answers for treatment?
Tardive Dyskinesia
Positive Psychology
Martin Seligman—human happiness and virtue deserve the same attention as disorders
What creates happiness? Genetics Friends Money Comes from goodness
Treatment and Therapy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3JPa2mvSQ4
Types of therapists
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Social Worker
Counselor
The stuff we used to do…
Hydrotherapy = waterboarding
Lobotomies
Blood letting
Cocaine
Shock therapy
Types of Modern Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy 29% of therapy Why we still talk
about Freud Dream Analysis Free Association Projective Tests
Types of Therapy Behavioral
Therapy Focuses on changing
maladaptive behaviors into more constructive ones
Token economy— Exposure Therapy—
systematic desensitization
Exposure hierarchy Aversive
conditioning
Types of Therapy
Humanistic/Existential Therapies Person Centered Therapy:
Rogers Active listening—
paraphrase, clarification, reflect feelings
Unconditional positive regard
Gestalt Therapy: the whole person/situation—role playing
Types of Therapy
Cognitive Therapy Involves teaching
clients to change belief patterns.
CBT—Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; very effective in treating depression, and anxiety.
Aaron Beck + Dalai Lama
Types of Therapy
Group Therapy
Couple and family therapy
Substance abuse
Divorce support
Drug Therapies
Psychopharmacology
Antipsychotic drugs—Schizophrenia—dopamine
Anti--anxiety medications Increase GABA High risk of tolerance
development Withdrawal causes
anxiety, so…
Drug Therapies
Antidepressants and mood stabilizers Connections to
suicide?
SSRIs
Serotonin and Norepinephrine
