FACTSAt least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this
figure is likely to be more than double by 2030Around 4 m deaths
every year are related to complications of diabetes
FACTSWHO figures
What is Diabetes mellitus?DM or Sugar problem is a chronic
disease characterised by very high blood sugar. Caused by inherited
and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the
pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors.Type I
lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescentsType II
inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults,
90%
The Pancreas: Anatomy and FunctionsThe Pancreas: Anatomy and
Functions
PANCREASThe pancreas is a small structure located near the
stomach and attached to the wall of the small intestine. It
produces hormones (insulin, glucagon & somatostatin) to aid in
the maintenance of a proper blood sugar (glucose) level. The
hormones are secreted into the bloodstream. It also produces
important enzymes to aid in the digestion of protein and fats
(lipids). These enzymes travel from the pancreas to the small
intestine through a small tube called the 'pancreatic duct.'
CAUSAL FACTORSGenetic/ Family
historyRaceStressOver-eating&obesityPhysical
InactivityGestational Diabetes
DrugsInfectionOther illnessesSurgeryAutoimmune
Symptoms of DiabetesSOME or NONE of the followingFrequent
UrinationExcessive thirstUnexplained weight lossExtreme
hungerSudden visual changesTingling or numbness in hands or
feetFeeling very tired most of the timeWounds that are slow to
heal
DIAGNOSISUrine strip test Blood sugar testGlycosylated
Haemoglobin: HbA1C
What is the Treatment?Type IStrict carefully calculated
dietPlanned physical activityInsulin injectionsHome blood glucose
testingType IIDiet controlExerciseOral medication and or
insulinHome blood glucose testing
HypoglycemiaHypoglycemia is low blood sugar.What causes
hypoglycemia?Taking too much insulin, Missing or delaying a meal,
Exercising too much, Taking other medications.signs and symptoms
dizziness, confusion, sweating, shaky tremors, headache or even
fainting.
Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia)Tell your family,
friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how to treat
low blood sugar.Carry medical card or tagEat or drink something
that has sugar in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc.If unconscious
dont give anything by mouth-transfer to nearest clinic
ComplicationsHigh blood pressure.Heart disease; 50%Strokes.Nerve
problems or Neuropathy; 50%Blindness; 2%Kidney
failureImpotenceDiabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers X40Consume
10% of Nations Health Budget
How do we prevent?Healthy and Balanced dietRegular physical
activities/exerciseMaintain Normal body weightEarly detection
