Slide 1
Diabetes Medications Dr. Tracey H. Truesdale, Board Certified
Pharmacotherapy SpecialistClinical Pharmacy Manager
OutlinePrevalence of DiabetesLifestyle Modifications &
ExerciseMedicationsHow do they work?What are the side effects?How
do I take it?Herbals and Over the Counter MedicinesDo they really
work?
2
DefinitionsDiabetes disease in which body does not produce or
properly use insulinType I: body does not produce insulinType II:
insulin is present, but the body cannot properly use itInsulin a
hormone that helps our bodies use glucose for energyGlucose the
principal sugar in the bloodPancreas the organ that produces
insulinHypoglycemia low blood sugar
3Type II eventually have decreased production of insulin;
insulin resistance
29.1 million of population had diabetes (9.3% of the
population)Of the 29.1 million diagnosed, 21 million were
diagnosed, and 9.1 million were undiagnosed.25.9% of Americans age
65 or olderDiabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the
US in 2010
http://www.diabetes.org/assets/img/basics/population-with-diabetes.jpg
Prevalence: In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the
population, had diabetes.Approximately 1.25 million American
children and adults have type 1 diabetes.Undiagnosed: Of the 29.1
million, 21.0 million were diagnosed, and 8.1 million were
undiagnosed.Prevalence in Seniors: The percentage of Americans age
65 and older remains high, at 25.9%, or 11.8 million seniors
(diagnosed and undiagnosed).New Cases: Theincidenceof diabetes in
2012 was 1.7 million new diagnoses/year; in 2010 it was 1.9
million.Prediabetes: In 2012, 86 million Americans age 20 and older
hadprediabetes; this is up from 79 million in 2010.Deaths: Diabetes
remains the 7thleading cause of death in the United States in 2010,
with 69,071 death certificates listing it as the underlying cause
of death, and a total of 234,051 death certificates listing
diabetes as an underlying or contributing cause of death.- See more
at:
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/#sthash.EJAXXTlo.dpuf;
info released June 10, 20144
Adults with Diabetes Using Diabetes Medication, by Type of
Medication
19972011http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/meduse/fig2.htm
The Unknown Danger9 out 10 people do not know they have
pre-diabetes86 million people have pre-diabetes (1 out of 3
adults)Without weight loss and moderate physical activity: 15-30%
of people with pre-diabetes will develop diabetes within 5
years
March 24th6
Hemoglobin A1cWhat is A1c?Reflects average blood sugar control
over 3 month periodGoal < 7%Monitoring frequencyAt least 2 times
per yearQuarterly in patients whose therapy has changed or not at
goal
A1c (%)Average glucose6126715481839212102401126912298
Correlation of A1c with average glucose
Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
Why Should I Lower My A1c?UKPDS study: every 1% reduction in A1c
means:37% reduction in microvascular complicationsExample: kidney,
eye, circulation damage21% reduction in risk of death related to
diabetes14% reduction in fatal and nonfatal heart attack43%
reduction in risk of amputation or death from peripheral vascular
diseaseLancet 1998;352:837-53.
True or FalseLifestyle modifications (exercise, weight loss) are
extremely important for controlling diabetes
TRUE
Exercise is the Best Medicine!Benefits of exerciseImproves blood
glucose controlReduces cardiovascular risk factorsLowers LDL and
TG, increases HDLMay prevent or delay development of
DMRecommendations150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity aerobic
physical activityResistance training 3 times per weekRisks of
exerciseHypoglycemiaFoot damage from running or walkingCONSULT YOUR
PHYSICIAN BEFORE STARTING ANY NEW PROGRAM!
Diabetes Care 2009;32:S13-61
Lifestyle InterventionsDietFatSaturated fat
