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Why diabetes?
• Obesity– 1 in 2 Canadian adults now overweight– overweight and obesity in children nearly
quadrupled since 1980s– related to sedentary living, eating habits
• Diabetes– obesity is the most important risk factor (type 2)– major cause of heart attack, kidney failure,
blindness, amputation– huge impact on quality of life and health care
costs
Today’s talk
• Provide highlights of a large body of work
• Stimulate discussion:– Your neighbourhoods– Implications for what you do
Methods: data sources• Administrative data
– Ontario Diabetes Database
• 2001 Canadian census– income, immigration, visible minority– population density
• Other data sources– CCHS– City of Toronto– Ontario food terminal– Land use files– Transportation Tomorrow Survey– 2001 Police reports
High & low income households
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto
30 - 50,000 50 - 75,000 75 - 100,000100- 150,000150- 375,000
Data Source: 2001 Census
Visible minorities
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto
7-15% 16-30% 31-45% 46-65% 66-90%
Data Source: 2001 Census
People with diabetes*
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto
2.8 - 4.1%
4.2 - 5.1%
5.2 - 5.8%
5.9 - 6.5%
6.6 - 7.6%
Data Source: Ontario Diabetes Database (*Age and Sex Adjusted)
Groceries, fruits & vegetables
0.0 - 3.0 3.0 - 6.0 6.1-10.0 10.1-13.0 13.1-26.3
# outlets per 10,000 population
Data source: City of Toronto 2004 Employment Survey, Ontario Food Terminal data (Canadian Urban Institute)
Daily walking/biking trips per person
0.06- 0.100.11- 0.200.21- 0.300.31- 0.500.51- 0.76
# trips / person
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in TorontoData Source: 2001 Transportation Tomorrow Survey (University of Toronto, 2001)
Daily transit (TTC) trips per person
0.10- 0.300.31- 0.400.41- 0.500.51- 0.600.61- 0.84
# trips / person
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in TorontoData Source: 2001 Transportation Tomorrow Survey (University of Toronto, 2001)
Average number of cars per household
0.5- 0.70.8- 0.91.0- 1.11.2- 1.31.4- 1.6
# per household
Data Source: 2001 Transportation Tomorrow Survey (University of Toronto, 2001) Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto
“Activity Friendly” Neighbourhoods
Environmental Features:
– population density– service density– service proximity– car ownership – drug and violent crime rates
Activity-Friendly Neighbourhoods
2.2 - 3.43.5 - 4.14.2 - 4.95.0 - 5.7
5.8 - 7.2c
AFI
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto
Diabetes & Activity Friendly Neighbourhoods
High DM rates High DM rates Low DM rates Low DM rates
Lower AFI score Higher AFI score Higher AFI score Lower AFI score
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto
Key Finding # 1
• Diabetes rates are highest in areas that have:– lower income levels– higher unemployment rates – a higher percentage of population without
high school education– a higher proportion of visible minorities– high immigration rates
Key Finding # 2
• High diabetes areas tend to be outside of downtown and have generally worse:– access to resources– activity friendliness
Key Finding # 3
• Neighbourhoods are affected differently:– downtown high risk areas have lower
diabetes rates than expected
– wealthy areas have low diabetes rates, no matter their access to resources or activity friendliness
Team
• Rick Glazier and Gillian Booth, Editors
• Peter Gozdrya, Geographer
• Marisa Creatore, Epidemiologist
• Anne-Marie Tynan, Coordinator
• Kelly Ross, Jonathan Weyman, Students
Resources
www.TorontoHealthProfiles.ca
November 1, 2007
Neighbourhood Environments and Resources for Healthy Living: A Focus on Diabetes in Toronto