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DiabetesU.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes ProjectPan American Health
OrganizationU.S. Mexico BorderField Office(915)
[email protected]/[email protected]
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Diabetes definitionMetabolic disorder of multiple etiology
(causes) characterized by hyperglycemia with carbohydrates, fat,
and protein metabolic alterations that result in defects in the
secretion of insulin, its action or both.
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What is diabetes?The majority of intake of food is converted
into glucose. The pancreas produces the insulin hormone, which help
the organism to take advantage of glucose. In persons with
diabetes, the insulin does not work. Therefore, the sugar and the
fat increase in the blood.
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Symptoms of diabetesPolyuria (urinating frequently)Polydipsia
(very thirsty)Weight loss
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Other diabetes symptomsContinuos hungerFatigueDry skinFrequent
infectionsFeet ulcerationLoss of sensibility in inferior
extremities (legs)Erectile dysfunction
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Types of diabetesType 1No production of insulinInitiates in
childhood or adolescenceType 2Deficient production or improper
utilization of insulinGenerally initiates after 30 years of age
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Risk factors
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Risk factorsFamily history of diabetesOlder than 30 years of
ageLack of physical activitySedentarism ( person with little or no
physical activity)Poor dietExcessive weight
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Risk factorsLack of knowledge on the diseaseNo health care
accessConsumption of alcohol and drugsSmokingCultural myths
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Diabetes complicationsRetinopathy (blindness?)Nephropathy
(kidney problems)Feet ulceration and/or amputations
HypertensionHyperlipidemia (cholesterol?)Erectile
DysfunctionGestational diabetes (during pregnancy)Diabetes and
HIV
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Diabetes complications
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DiagnosisSymptoms(suggest possible diabetes)High glucose in
blood(confirm if higher than 126 mg/dl)Glucose in
hemoglobin(indicates quality of diabetes control - higher than 7
mmol)
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Treatment and controlMedications(insulin vs. hypoglycaemic
agents)Increase physical activityat least walk for 30 min. most
daysAppropriate dietvegetablesfruitlow in fat and
carbohydratesLifestyle changes
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Prevention and/or delay of diabetes complicationsWell balanced
dietExerciseMedications when appropriateTimely access to health
care servicesNo tobacco No alcohol
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Tips for healty cookingCook of boil meat insted of fryingTake
the skin of chicken before cookingUse less salt and sugar when
preparing foodAvoid fat
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Tips for healty cookingUse fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables
when eating or in between mealsUse low fat chesse instead of
regular chesseUse low fat milkDrink fruit juice instead of powder
juice
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Nutritional PyrimidCDC Webpage
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Physical ActivityTo control diabetes the recommendation is to
increase physical activity, preferably every day for 20
minutes.
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Physical ActivityBenefits:Lowers glucose levels in bloodImproves
blood circulation in the entire bodyContributes to weight
lossImproves physical and mental wellbeing Helps the body to
utilize insulin more efficiently
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Physical ActivityConsult your doctor before you start a physical
activity programStart you program slowly and increase activity
level graduallyYou can choose the physical activity that that you
like to do
